what are major important lessons learned from past...
TRANSCRIPT
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Masami Fuwa Director General, Global Environment Department
Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA)
What are major important lessons learned from past disasters, including the Great East Japan Earthquake?
experience from 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami
And Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Strategy Strategy
JICA’s Three Principles Approach
Kaizen Continuous
Improvement
Risk Literacy
Redundancy
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Individual or
Family
Government Community
International Support
Self Support
Mutual Support Public Support
Three Support + One
(Source: EM-DAD, CRED)
2004 Indian Ocean
Earthquake and Tsunami*
Great East Japan Earthquake
Killed 226,395 19,846
Total Affected 2,431,613 368,820
Estimated Damage (US$ Million)
9,391 210,000
* Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Maldives, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Somalia and Seychelles
Mega-disasters: 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami and
Great East Japan Earthquake
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Time : Tsunami Transmission
From the Cabinet Office
2005 2006 2007
Indon
esia
Sri
Lanka
Maldi
ves
Thaila
nd
Rehabilitation M/P
Technical Support to Western Road
Waste Water Treatment Plant
Community Empowerment Support Capacity development
Community and Friendship village support
Technical Support to Road and School sector
Small Medium Enterprise Community empowerment Livelihood rehabilitation Fisherman group
Capacity Development
on Disaster Management
Technical Support
DM education Evacuation Shelter
Cash for work
Capacity Development
on Disaster Management Search & rescue
Outline of JICA Assistance
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Aceh Quick Impact Projects； location
Orphanage reconstruction
Aceh river, diversion channel urgent rehabilitation project
・diversion channel （dredging、river wall）
・Doi river （dredging、 wall）
・Nyeng river （dredging、 wall）
Radio Broadcasting station ・RRI office,etc
Water supply network system in Aceh
・Aceh river （dredging、 wall）
Night soil treatment plant
Fish Market rehabilitation
・refregerator, etc ・access road
from：JICA report
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Deaths due to Tsunami
9
Participatory planning
Liv
elih
oo
d
Reh
ab
ilitatio
n
Associated infrastructure
tents
no job
Human Security Point of View in Sri Lanka
Formulating community based organization
Food Processing
Job Training
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Housing only→ Rebuilding the Life Integrated approach
Food processing
carpenter
Basic Infra
Planning with community
Housing VS
rebuilding 「Life」
Liveliho
od
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Layout plan of Iqbar Nagal new village
Muslims （１１１h.holds） Tamils（１３５ h.holds）
Mainstreaming
of
Disaster Risk Management
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Development
Time
Without Disasters
Far away from Poverty Reduction
How to minimize the Gap
Disaster
Disaster Disaster
Dam
ages
Dam
ages
Dam
ages
-Structural measures -Nonstructural measures -Insurance etc.
Development and Disasters
Disaster Risk Management (DRM) - Scenario disaster and anticipated risk -
Actual Capacity
to cope with disasters
Actual Capacity
to cope with disasters
Capacity
Required level At
Scenario Disaster
NOT Functioning As Planned
Functioning As Planned
Coastal Dyke (Structure)
Sea Wall (Structure)
Disaster Education (Non-Structure)
Coastal Dyke (Structure)
Sea Wall (Structure)
Disaster Education (Non-Structure)
Evacuation Drill (Non-Structure)
Land Use Planning (Non-Structure)
Strategy Strategy
JICA’s Three Principles Approach
Kaizen Continuous
Improvement
Risk Literacy
Redundancy
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Developed
Countries
Developing
Countries
Least
Developing
Countries
Non-Structure Measure
Structure Measure
Investment Capacity to Structure Measure
Investment Capacity to DRR
Understanding of risks by all stakeholders Multidisciplinary
approach
Time change
Mainstreaming Of DRM
Sustain
able
Develo
pm
ent
Toward the mainstreaming of DRM
How should lessons and experiences of past mega-disasters including those of GEJE be applied to
developing countries?
• Mainstreaming of DRM disaster risk management
• Well-balanced, best mix of structure and non-structure measures against disaster risks.
• Capacity development of Gov’t and communities, society
What actions should international community, including the UN, IFIs, and regional bodies, take to help
enhancing global preparedness against disasters?
• Risk literacy
• Redundancy
• Kaizen
Thank you very much for your kind attention.