north american clean energy - july august 2010

VOLUME 4 ISSUE 4

CommunityWind PowerExcelling in the US Building-integrated PVGoing beyond the rooftop Expediting Hydrokinetic Project Reviews

PLUS The annual Regional Development Guide

& Show in Print features:• Intersolar North America• HydroVision International

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4 JULY/AUGUST 2010 nacleanenergy.com

contents

Solar energy 10

Wind energy 26

Show in Print: Intersolar North America 42

Investing in clean energy 62

RegionalDevelopment Guide 64

Hydro and marine energy 68

Show in Print: HydroVision International 70

Geothermal Energy 73

BioPower 77

Events calendar 82

departments

06 NACE News

10 Trends in Solar Energy

12 Solar BIPV: Rooftop renewable energy key to achieving clean energy goals

14 Truths vs Myths: Micro-inverter or AC-Module inverter

16 Driving Ubiquitous Solar Energy Generation through BIPV

18 Moving Beyond the Rooftop & into the Home: Next-generation residential solar monitoring

20 Solar energy products

26 Community Wind: Taking off in the United States

28 Understanding Cable Protection in the Wind Industry

31 Wake Up and Smell the Wake Effects

32 Seeking Fair Winds: The small wind industry

34 Wind energy products

62 Economic Curtailment of Renewable Energy

63 Financing for Small- to Medium-sized Commercial Solar Projects

64 Regional Development Guide

68 States Take Steps to Expedite Hydrokinetic Project Reviews

69 Hydro and marine products & news

73 The Other Type of Geothermal Power: GeoExchange

74 Canadian Geothermal Energy Project Database

76 Geothermal products & news

77 Converting Carbon Dioxide Gas into a Clean Combination of Algae & Oxygen

78 Case Study: Floating Wastewater Geomembrane Cover

79 BioPower products & news

Cover photo: The “Morbacher Energielandschaft”

(Morbach Energy Landscape) in Rhineland-Palatinate,

Germany.

Total capacity/Annual energy yield: 29.6 MW /

Approximately 50 million kWh, which equals the demands

of about 15,000 households.

Emission reduction: Approximately 32,500 t CO2/year.

Credit: juwi Holding AG | www.juwi.com

July / August 2010Volume 4, Number 4

EDITOR

Michelle [email protected]

ART DIRECTOR

Rommel [email protected]

SALES MANAGER

Ian [email protected]

SALES


Jake [email protected]

Dave [email protected]

CIRCULATION MANAGER

Kristy [email protected]

ACCOUNTING

Alison [email protected]

PUBLISHER


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Nebraska Public Power DistrictWind is one of North American’s fastest-growing power technologies,

and Nebraska’s centralized location is uniquely suited to give

renewable equipment manufacturers a profi table choice when locating

new facilities. Proximity to future development in America’s wind

corridor makes Nebraska a critical hub for timely delivery. Shipped

by truck or rail, equipment can be delivered within hours, if not days,

saving manufacturers and operators millions of dollars.

Equally as signifi cant, Nebraska gives manufacturers a profi table

advantage by providing quality labor and low-cost energy. Due the

state’s unique public power structure, industrial electrical rates are

among lowest in the nation. The low cost of doing business is one

of the reasons why Nebraska offers an inviting business climate.

The Nebraska Advantage package rewards businesses that invest in

the state and add jobs. The Nebraska Public Power District’s (NPPD)

professional economic development team can assist renewable

equipment manufactures in fi nding productive and profi table

locations in Nebraska. By gathering community proposals, identifying

informational and fi nancial resources, and facilitating negotiations at

the local level, NPPD works with state and local entities to ensure the

best fi t between companies and communities.

http://sites.nppd.com

Sarnia-Lambton Economic PartnershipSarnia-Lambton, Ontario, Canada, is a growing global sustainable

energy centre and a logical choice for sustainable energy production

and R&D as signifi cant investment is taking place. When the First

Solar/Enbridge Sarnia solar farm brings the balance of its 80 MW of

power on stream by the end of 2010, Sarnia-Lambton will be home to

the world’s largest PV solar power generation facility. In addition, 500

MW of wind power has been announced for the area.

Already a major petrochemical and refi ning centre, Sarnia-Lambton

offers manufacturers and energy providers an established industrial

infrastructure, including a comprehensive energy system. Located

at the heart of the Great Lakes industrial corridor, transportation

routes include highway, rail, and deep water St. Lawrence Seaway

port. Zoned manufacturing sites are available just minutes from the

Ontario/Michigan Blue Water Bridge commercial border crossing.

The University of Western Ontario’s Research Park, Sarnia-Lambton

Campus, works with business to help bring innovative new projects to

the marketplace. The Park is also the location of Canada’s Bioindustrial

Innovation Centre. Lambton College’s three-year Alternative Energy

Engineering Technology program provides graduates trained in current

and emerging energy technologies.

www.sarnialambton.on.ca

Pittsburgh RegionThe Pittsburgh region is poised to build a 21st-century economy on

the foundation of the traditional and renewable energy industry.

Already in the region, there is a critical mass of 700-plus companies

in the global energy supply chain, as well as innovation assets,

spanning government, and academic and corporate research and

development. Unlike other regions in the country, Pittsburgh is rich

in natural energy resources—coal and natural gas, including the

Marcellus Shale natural gas play. The Marcellus Shale is the world’s

largest unconventional natural gas deposit, and Pittsburgh sits directly

atop it. The region boasts an exceptionally skilled workforce that is

innovating, problem solving, and manufacturing to meet global supply

chain demands for both traditional energy sources and renewables.

Pittsburgh is a supply chain leader for companies seeking parabolic

solar mirrors, electrical effi ciency systems, and convertors and

generators for offshore and other wind farms, coatings for windmill

towers and fi berglass for windmill blades, and intelligent power

grid software and services.

www.pittsburghregion.org

REGIONALDEVELOPMENTGUIDE

2010 & 2011

A highlight of various regions or institutions looking to expand and develop clean

energy, promote companies and organizations in the industry, and bring economic

growth to their city, state/province, and/or country.

Pocatello, Chubbuck, Bannock County, & the State of IdahoPocatello, located in Eastern Idaho, is quickly becoming a place for industries and businesses to expand. Leading the charge is Bannock Development

Corporation (BDC), a non-profi t economic development organization focused on helping businesses create jobs through retention, expansion, and

recruitment. BDC’s key focus in recruiting include alternative energy and advanced manufacturing. A local manufacturer of polysilicon for the solar

industry recently completed equipment testing, and is now in limited commercial polysilicon production. Another local supplier of high-performance,

energy effi cient, silicon solutions for green electronics, recently announced an $11 million-plus expansion at its Pocatello facility, solidifying its

continued commitment to the community over the next few years. Additionally, there is approximately 400 MW of wind farms across the southeastern

part of the state with another 200 MW+ in advanced planning stages. A 124 MW wind farm, which could power 37,000 average American homes, is

currently under construction and expected to be completed by the end of 2010.

Bannock Development Corporation can help with site selection to the point of relocation. All of this is accomplished thanks to strong partnerships

with the cities of Pocatello, Chubbuck, Bannock County, the State of Idaho, and community support.

www.bannockdevelopment.org

VOLUME 4 ISSUE 4


VOLUME 4 ISSUE 4




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editor's note

news bites

Regional roadmap for biofuels Tom Vilsack released a report outlining both the current state of renewable transportation fuels efforts in America and a plan to develop regional strategies to increase the pro-duction, marketing, and distribution of biofuels. The report provides information on current production and consump-tion capacities, as well as projections to meet the Renwewa-ble Fuels Standard (RFS2) mandate to use 36 billion gallons of biofuel per year in America’s fuel supply by 2022.

USDA plans to adopt regional strategies that allow the placement of biorefi neries in areas of economic distress through the leveraging of regional resources for transpor-tation, labor and feedstocks. The regional strategy provides greater potential for economic benefi t.Review the full report at www.usda.gov.

US consumers demand more solarA new survey reveals that two-thirds of Americans believe solar technology should play a greater role in meeting the country’s energy needs. Applied Materials, Inc., a supplier of solar panel manu-facturing equipment, conducted its “Second Annual Survey” to gauge the public’s current knowl-edge and opinion of solar energy usage in the US. Accordingly, Americans are strongly supportive of integrating renewable energy sources into the country’s overall energy mix…• Consistent with last year’s results, two-thirds of Americans strongly agree that solar energy needs

to have a greater role in the country’s energy output;• More Americans are willing to invest in renewable energy (67% versus 53%); 49% would be will-

ing to pay $5 or more per month if their utility company increased its use of renewable energy, compared to 35% in 2009; and

• Three-quarters of respondents felt it was very important that the current US energy bill address increasing renewable energy (75%) and decreasing US dependence on foreign oil (73%).

For the complete survey results and key fi ndings visit http://blog.amat.com/solstice.Applied Materials, Inc. | www.appliedmaterials.com

Energy audit toolA new mobile data collection and management platform software streamlines process and increases value of commercial energy audits. kW-Field is a software package designed for a touch-screen tab-let PC. The customizable program allows an engineer to include only those factors they want con-sidered in a specifi c building. The fi eld auditor is then guided by a series of prompts for inputs. The data collected can then be directly uploaded into an accepted effi ciency analysis program, such as ENERGY STAR, for immediate ratings and effi ciency improvement recommendations. kW-Field brings a quantum leap of data collection effi ciency to the $3.5 billion US commercial energy audit-ing industry, at a time when demand for audits is signifi cantly outpacing auditors’ current capacity. This imbalance is projected to worsen as a direct result of economic stimulus funding and com-mercial tax credits aimed at improving energy effi ciency for buildings—some 40% of the energy consumed in the US.kWhOURS Inc. | www.kwhours.com

It’s tough to pick up a newspaper or turn on the radio without catching word on the tragic aftermath and clean-up efforts from the Gulf Coast oil spill, even now, nearly three months after the disaster. Though it’s easy to tune out after such mass and ongoing coverage, and ongoing fi nger-pointing as to who’s ultimately to blame, it’s in our best interest not to. The explosion of the Transocean Deepwater Horizon rig that led to the BP oil spill has been declared the great-est environmental disaster in US history (among the top three in the world). Eleven people were killed, 17 injured, and millions impacted. The damage to wildlife and ecosystems is really unquantifi able.

Figures vary, but estimates are that between 125 and 145 million gallons of oil have leaked since the explosion on April 20th—that’s nearly 60,000 barrels (or 2.5 million gallons) per day. To provide some perspective: it would take approximately 14 Exxon Valdez spills to equal this one BP oil spill. Or, if you take 125 million gallons of oil and convert it to gasoline (what most Americans use it for), you get 58 million gallons of gas. That’s enough to fi ll up the tanks of 3.6 million cars. (Sources: www.thedailygreen.com | www.ap.org)

And that doesn’t even begin to account for the fi nancial or recov-ery costs of this disaster—which some say are simply unrecoverable. (According to National Geographic, for example, over 21,000 gallons of crude oil still remain on Alaska shores from the Exxon Valdez tanker leak in 1989.) The statistics are countless and none of them positive. So, where do we go from here?

Back in the 90s, Greenpeace ran an advertisement in the New York Times that read: “It wasn't the Exxon Valdez captain's driv-ing that caused the Alaskan oil spill. It was yours.”

A powerful statement. One that offers a shift in perspective and responsibility. Of course it doesn’t mean accountable sources shouldn’t remain accountable. But it is to say that every environ-mental disaster is worth a little self-refl ection and, perhaps, this one in particular, which is still seriously affecting our planet, deserves a lot of refl ection (not to mention, action). Food for thought anyways. At the very least, the disaster is affecting public support for offshore drilling. Back in February of this year, 63% of the public supported more offshore drilling as a policy response to address our energy needs, according to a Pew Research Center poll, with 33% opposed. More recently, 52% of those polled opposed offshore drilling, meaning support has fallen to 44%.

In this issue of North American Clean Energy, we consider renew-able energy from a somewhat smaller-scale than usual, and focus on Community Wind (CW) power and Building-integrated Pho-tovoltaics (BIPV). We also offer our annual Regional Development Guide, which highlights some cities and states/provinces that are expanding green energy development in their region.

For ways you can help make a difference in relation to the oil spill, search online. There are plenty of opportunities—from sending a po-litical message (the National Wildlife Federation and the Sierra Club offer online form letters) to ways to donate money and even hair (yes, hair, as it helps collect oil; check out http://matteroftrust.org).

Michelle Froese



Ed Feo is a partner in the international law fi rm of Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP. He co-chairs the Firm’s project fi nance and energy practice and is a member of the Firm’s Global Executive Committee.

Economic Slowdown and the Deployment of RenewablesBy Ed Feo | Partner, Milbank Tweed Hadley & McCloy LLP

Along with 20,000 other enthusiasts, I attended the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) WINDPOWER 2010 Conference & Exhibition, held

this year in Dallas, Texas (http://2010.windpowerexpo.org). The exhibit fl oor was especially impressive, having expanded to nearly 370,000 square feet while accom-modating 1,400 exhibitors from 22 countries. The wind industry in the United States installed over 10,000 MW in 2009, for a world-leading total capacity of 35,000 MW. Very impressive for an industry that in early 2000 and installed capac-ity in the US of less than 2,500 MW.

To be expected, the AWEA show was an opportunity for the industry and its trade organization to trumpet the accomplishments of the past year, and to reiterate its bright future. The overall theme was that “wind works,” as an energy source and as a provider of jobs in the US.

Despite the overall positive tone, a couple of trends were noted that would sug-gest some uncertainty for the wind industry—and for renewables in general.

One major issue is the strength of demand for new renewable energy given the state of the economy. More than one developer commented on the diffi culty of obtaining new long-term power purchase agreements with decent pricing. A long-term power purchase agreement is critical to obtaining fi nancing in today’s market. Merchant plants are not presently fi nanceable and fi nancial hedges, as an alterna-tive to power purchase agreements, are diffi cult to access. Developers are fi nding that utilities, even with mandatory renewable portfolio standard obligations, are slower in reaching an agreement or are looking for lower prices.

Why? The reason is simply that most utilities are still subject to load demand de-struction. One utility representative I spoke with said their industrial load had de-clined 11% from 2008 to 2009. Lower demand for electricity is being matched by lower demand for other energy resources such as natural gas. Reduced demand for feedstock commodities and for electricity means that electric prices have softened considerably. So, the utilities are less interested in buying because they don’t need the energy for their load and, when they are buying, they offer lower prices.

At the same time, the utilities are seeing a longer line of vendors of renewable energy. Recent RPS solicitations have seen a record number of responses, meaning that competition for power contracts is becoming fi ercer. I have directly witnessed the two-fold effect of increased competition for power contracts. One is price re-ductions: a price that resulted in an award a year ago will not get on the shortlist today. Secondly, the willingness of buyers to negotiate is limited. More and more, I am seeing sellers having to accept the standard terms, or be shown the door.

The challenge of the market for the sale of energy is translated into a challenge for the vendors of equipment and services to energy sellers. In 2009, the robust level of wind energy project installations was driven by deferral of projects from late 2008, and the further need to deal with turbine deliveries committed in prior years. The industry was in strong equipment buying mode in 2007, with commitments into the succeeding two years.

As we proceed through 2010, the backlog of equipment is being worked off. Ven-dors continue to look for new orders. But their customers, in turn, are facing tough-er pricing and reduced demand from their customers. Therefore, equipment sales and prices have slackened. One expert estimated that current prices for wind tur-bines are off their peak by as much as 15%. Solar panels have seen steeper declines.

This brings us back to the AWEA exhibit hall fl oor. Of the 1,400 vendors, 50 were from Germany, 30 from Denmark, and 25 from Spain. Many of these are major equip-ment vendors. More noteworthy, this year included a strong contingent of over 30 manufacturers from China selling parts, components, and complete turbines. The Chinese turbine suppliers currently have a very small presence in the US market, and are not likely to arrive with signifi cant deliveries for another two years. That said, ex-perts are forecasting the Chinese manufactured turbines as selling for as much as 20% less than US or European machines. The entry of major new players in the US equip-ment market will make life more diffi cult for vendors already hungry for new sales.

Another challenge for renewables is regulatory uncertainty—especially the future of the Section 1603 Department of Treasury grant. That program has been (in my view) the most successful federal subsidy program for renewables by underwriting more than $3 billion of project costs with direct grants. Projects will only qualify for the program if construction is commenced by the end of 2010. Understandably, developers are pushing hard to get their projects into construction this year, rather than take the risk of the grant program deadline not being extended. The grant extension, or replacement of it with a refundable tax credit, was discussed to great length at the AWEA meeting. Of course, no one can accurately predict when or if the program will continue.

The conclusion? For energy developers, softening demand and uncertain incen-tives will require deft project management. For vendors, the potential hole in the pipeline of energy projects and increased competition will likely mean fi nancial dis-tress for some. As always, the energy project business remains a game for the hardy.

Milbank Tweed Hadley & McCloy LLP | www.milbank.com


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solar energy

The market for solar energy continues to grow and is providing many oppor-tunities for companies throughout the value chain. Although 2009 was a chal-

lenging year economically, solar installations managed to increase over 40% globally with total installed capacity reaching greater than 21GW, as reported by the Euro-pean Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA), by the end of the year. Many in the industry are forecasting even greater growth during 2010, potentially seeing annual installations for the year achieve greater than 10GW for the fi rst time in history.

In the United States, solar continues to become a larger component of our en-ergy portfolio with total installations now greater than 1.7GW, making the US the fourth largest market for solar in the world. A more recent trend has been the growth of utility scale solar projects, which have more than doubled since 2007. The major factors behind this trend are the national push toward having utilities source more energy from renewable sources and, in particular, the renewable port-folio standards that are coming to a head in California. These trends have also con-centrated solar for the time being in states that have been more progressive with these types of requirements, such as California and New Jersey, which combined account for almost 70% of the US solar market.

Despite these positive growth trends, companies in the solar industry have not been immune to the diffi culties in the credit market and overall economy, which has impacted their market valuations. According to Lincoln International’s Solar Stock Index, solar companies underperformed the S&P 500 for the fi rst quarter of 2010 as they have been hurt by depressed fi nancial performance. These same companies, however, are still trading at signifi cantly high EBITDA multiples with cell and module companies exhibiting trading multiples greater than 20x EBITDA. These high trading multiples potentially underscore the market’s belief in the overall momentum and signifi cant growth opportunities in the industry. This also presents a potential opportunity for companies looking to exit in this market envi-ronment through a merger with or acquisition by another entity.

Overall M&A activity in the solar industry continues to be very strong with 32 completed solar energy transactions in the fi rst quarter of 2010, as reported by Lincoln International’s Solar Energy Deal Reader, which tracks M&A activity in the industry. This number is tied with the last three quarters for the highest level of

quarterly transactions within the solar energy market. These statistics clearly show the increase of transactions within the solar industry since 2005, as the industry continues to expand. This year is on track to be another record year from a transac-tion perspective, partially driven by the increase in consolidation transactions.

Within these transactions, consolidation represented 50% of total transaction activity or 16 deals in the fi rst quarter of 2010. The next largest category of transac-tions was private equity investors with seven transactions, or 22% of transactions in Q1 2010. Diversifi cation into the solar energy industry by corporations and inves-tors accounted for fi ve transactions in the fi rst quarter, or 16% of the total, while vertical integration accounted for four transactions, or approximately 13% of the quarterly total.

From a geographic perspective, 66% of transactions occurred in Europe in the fi rst quarter of 2010, which should not be surprising considering the history and leadership of the European market within the solar energy industry. The number of transactions within the US and Canada in Q1 2010 was fi ve, or 16% of the to-tal. Cross-border transactions accounted for three transactions, or 9% of the total, while Asia represented three transactions of the quarterly total.

Transactions occurred throughout multiple sectors of the solar energy value chain. In Q1 2010, there were 14 acquisitions of companies categorized as producers of solar energy, or 44% of total transactions. This quarter saw eight transactions, or 25%, of EPC integrators or developers, while there were four transactions for cells and modules producers, or 13% of the total. There were three transactions of companies categorized as wafer/ingot producers and two transactions with companies categorized as solar equipment providers, or 9% and 6% of the total, respectively. Finally, there were no transactions with vertically integrated target companies, and there was one acquisition of a research fi rm focused on the solar energy industry.

The increase in consolidation activity highlights the repositioning in the solar industry as companies look to capture technology, build, scale, and grow their so-lar project portfolios through acquisition. In particular, there has been a recurring interest in companies that are installers, integrators, or developers of solar systems and have solar project portfolios as the larger global players are looking to enter

or capture more scale in the US mar-ket. In addition, large cell and module manufacturers are looking to purchase projects or project portfolios in order to supply modules in the development of larger solar farms. These continuing trends have the potential to provide op-portunities for companies to monetize value at attractive valuations.

Many companies and solar projects left 2009 fi nancially weakened due to the economy and general decline in the credit markets, which limited their available capital. However, some or-ganizations have found solace through a merger or acquisition, therefore, en-hancing their platform and gaining more fi nancial stability. Now, with the brighter outlook at the end of the fi rst quarter of 2010, these stronger companies are well-positioned to take advantage of what looks to be a very positive year.

Jack Calderon and Chaim Lubin are managing director and associate, respectively, at Lincoln International, a global mid-market investment bank.

Lincoln International www.lincolninternational.com

Trends inSolar Energy

By Jack Calderon & Chaim Lubin


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Confi gure-to-order solar combinersBentek Solar introduces the fi rst string combiners in a family of standard and confi gure-to-order (CTO) solar combiners that surpass the solar industry’s most demanding requirements. These string combiners are designed with innovative features aimed at increasing reliability and fl ex-ibility while reducing installation time and costs. The Bentek Solar combiners provide numerous features including models in 600VDC and 1000VDC, integrated disconnects with load-break capability, UL1741 as well as CSA section 107 approval, maximum GF protection, com-plete data collection, real-time systems monitoring, and availability. Additionally, the Bentek Solar combiners allow for an easy integration and reduced requirements for fi eld service and repair. Also, with the Bentek Solar combiners numerous variables can be monitored simultaneously including tracking, shadowing, contamination, breakage, shorting, opens, and material degradation. Bentek Solar | www.benteksolar.com

PV module seriesSchüco has released two PV module series for the North American market. The new, all-black PV modules of the “MS 05” series with 170 Wp / 175 Wp / 180 Wp output power are ideal for residential rooftop installations. The light weight of the module (only 33 pounds) makes it easy to handle by one person. The small footprint helps optimize PV system design and installation, even on irregular roofs. Featuring a black anodized aluminum frame, black monocrystalline PV cells, and black backsheet foil, these modules perfectly compliment dark asphalt shingle roofs. Schüco also of-fers all key components of the racking system (L-brackets, fl ashing, rails, and module clamps) in black to provide an aesthetically impressive “all black” system. To target large commercial-scale systems, Schüco has also de-signed the commercial-grade “PS 09” series. Featuring panel output power of 220 Wp / 225 Wp / 230 Wp, the polycrystalline modules with silver frame and white backsheet ensure the highest output and best cost to per-formance ratio. Schüco | www.schuco-usa.com

North American Clean Energy is published 6

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www.nacleanenergy.com



solar energy

When it comes to renewable energies, most people tend to think of large-scale energy farms as the most effi cient way of diminishing dependence on

CO2 generating fossil fuels. Large-scale solar and wind farms are viable if two key prerequisites are satisfi ed:

1. The availability of huge tracts of unused land; and 2. Incentives, usually in the form of an attractive Feed-In Tariff (FIT).

Experience in Europe, however, has shown that land is scarce and high FITs gener-ate distortions. For lack of available unused land, greed has encouraged some farm-ers and investors to take perfectly good productive agricultural land and convert it to energy production, with potentially catastrophic strategic consequences. Before governments stepped in and put the brakes on such endeavors, thousands of agricul-tural hangars were popping up all over Europe for the sole purpose of supporting PV panels. These ground stations were benefi tting from the higher FIT for BIPV, but the buildings served no other purpose—they were not really buildings at all.

Real buildings have an enormous potential for energy production. Europe and America are covered with billions of square metres of rooftop surface that could be used for generating energy. In France alone, retail stores account for 66 million square metres*, enough to host about 5 GWp of PV panels, equivalent to about

5 TWh of energy per year, which is over 1% of the yearly national electricity con-sumption. Residential roofs present an even larger potential. In France, there are 30 million homes totalling 2.4 billion square metres. Assuming 30% of that area were available on the roof for PV, it represents about 70GWp and a yearly production of 70 TWh, which is 16% of the yearly national energy consumption.

The example above shows that residential roofs represent a huge potential for PV electricity production. Feed-In Tariffs in most European countries and in Ontario, Canada are so high that a residential PV installation pays for itself in about fi ve years or less. For instance, the microFIT program now available in Ontario yields $0.802/kWh for 20 years for systems under 10kWp. In France, the tariff for strictly Building-integrated PV is 0.58€/kWh for 20 years for systems under 3kWp (plus there is an 8000€ one-time tax credit), and in the UK the tariff for retrofi tting a roof under 4kWp is 0.413£/kWh for 25 years.

A typical fi nancial model would be as follows. In southern France the production potential is around 1300 kWh yearly per kWp of installed power. With a fi scal limit of 3kWp, a house in France can produce 3900kWh per year and, therefore, bill the utility 2262€ per year for 20 years. If the system is purchased at 18000€, given that the tax credit will be 8000€, the homeowner must get fi nancing to cover the re-maining 10000€. With revenue of 2262€ per year, this easily covers the loan repay-ment over fi ve years, and for the following 15 years the revenue from the utility is pure profi t for the homeowner.

The problem with most solar PV offerings for residential roofs is that they are based on regular solar panels with a complex mechanical structure to adapt these to rooftop usage. Solar panels were never designed to act as roof tiles and, as a result, they are fairly fragile, can be quite unsightly due to their aluminium frames, and they can be diffi cult to integrate onto a roof while ensuring the correct type of weatherproofi ng. The alu-minium frames of solar panels are notorious for collecting dirt, which eventually inter-feres with the generating capability of the installation. Neverthelss, the greatest obstacle to residential PV is that solar panels are simply unattractive. A home is most often the largest investment a family will make, so it is understandable that most people will think twice before allowing someone to take away their perfectly sound roof tiles and replace them with PV panels. A new generation of BIPV roof tiles have recently been developed in an attempt to counter the above objections. Although some products are no better than the classic framed panels, there have been alternatives.

BIPV solar products should meet the following requirements:• High mechanical strength. Most panels are tested to 2400 Pa (50 psf), but the

higher 5400 Pa (113 psf) rating is a must. BIPV roof products should be treadable.• High resistance to impact. Such as from hailstones; IEC certifi cation involves

tests of this kind.• Fire resistance. Class A rating is essential, especially in areas like California or

southern France or Italy. No standard solar panel meets class A criteria and re-quires a class A subroof.

• Recyclability. Most panels are based on non-recyclable EVA encapsulants and Tedlar backsheets.

• Aesthetically pleasing. Standard solar panels are often unsightly.• High efficiency. Crystalline cells are a must; amorphous silicon prices have

reached a plateau, while their effi ciencies remain too low for practical use on lim-ited area residential roofs.

• Easy to install. Solar BIPV products should install as easily as regular roof tiles. Normal solar panels require complex aluminium frames that are diffi cult to install.

• Weatherproofing. Normal solar panels are notorious for leaking during severe storms. BIPV solar products should be as good as a roof tile in this respect.

Solar roof tiles meeting some of these criteria are available from Imerys, Atlantis, Eternit, Solar Century, Korasun, Saint Gobain, Centrosolar, Wattea, and from System Photonics.

* Source: INSEE 2004; www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=ip1095&reg_id=0

Article courtesy of System Photonics. The company offers BIPV roof tiles that meet all of the above criteria by virtue of their glass-on-ceramic frameless construction using ionomer encapsulants.

System Photonics | www.system-photonics.com

Solar BIPV Rooftop renewable energy key to achieving clean energy goalsBy Mike Tommasi

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Micro-inverters provide module level performance visibility. Although at fi rst

glance this feature may seem desirable, upon closer examination it becomes clear that there is also an inherent fl aw with this feature. A system owner who carefully watches their PV system perfor-mance, and does not understand the mechanics of PV, is liable to panic when faced with such multifarious data points. Consider that one under-performing panel could cause any tech-savvy homeowner immediate alert. The overall perfor-mance of the system may still be at an acceptable level; however, the system owner is likely to con-tact the installer and complain about their “under-performing” system. This will not only increase maintenance calls, but also user training costs. Add in the higher upfront cost of the hardware and software, and the lifecycle costs associated with maintaining this owner’s system is higher than it would be with a string inverter. Keep in mind most micro-inverter technologies boast increases in kWh annually of anywhere from 4% to 10%. Therefore, the ability to monitor the performance of each module presents convenient and inconven-ient scenarios for the system owner and operator.

At the other end of the spectrum are system owners who prefer the convenience of a built-in inverter display. This system owner will want to check if their inverter works properly without additional accessories and monitoring software. String inverters, from most manufacturers, are sold with a display that shows the most pertinent performance data. The micro-inverter system requires use of monitoring hardware and software to access performance data. Not all system owners want this level of performance data. High performance, accurate monitoring, and easy maintenance are all important aspects of a well-designed and properly installed solar system. However, it is physically and fi nancially overwhelming over the course of 20 years to make certain every panel in every 1.5kW system in the fi eld performs to 100%.

Micro-inverter MTBF (Mean Time Between Fail-ures) is touted frequently as a reliability metric. Yet, most current commercially available versions of the micro-inverter concept have been on the market for no more than three years. This is an unacceptably imperfect measurement of reliability as the products are not “tested,” except by very basic mathematical analysis of the probability of component failures. Many modern conveniences enjoyed today are tested by this same method. Imagine, however, that a car’s crash safety rating was based solely on mathematical evaluations of impacts through modeling alone. This is convenient, but not practical in the real world. But this method of validating the effectiveness and reli-ability of micro-inverter components has been used since the inception of the AC module concept.

Thorough research was conducted by many organi-zations in the 1990’s about the longevity and reliabil-ity of micro-inverters. One study published in 1997 mentioned that: “It is expected that before the next century 50,000 to 100,000 AC modules (with micro-inverters) will be installed. With these num-bers, the reliability of AC modules (with micro-in-verters) will be proven by the year 2000” (http://www.oke-services.nl/downloads/199807_acmodules_pa-per_wcpec02.pdf). Why all the hype with no results? As with many other “revolutionary” ideas funded with vast sums of investment capital, arguments have been theoretical and based on scientifi c and mathematical calculations—yet to be proven in the real world.

To use MTBF is questionable for at least two rea-sons. First, it is apparent that in-depth, long-term testing of the products currently for sale has not been possible within the time frame of the current micro-inverter manufacturer’s fi rst successful launch, until today. Second, MTBF cannot realistically predict the reliability of the product’s individual components. It is important not to forget that bad batches of com-ponents make it through to fi nal production, even for the most trusted and experienced manufacturers, and that passive devices such as resistors, if compromised, can halt the proper function of a PV inverter.

Some say it’s benefi cial to distribute failure points in a PV system. Consider that a micro-inverter is a small device consisting of well over 100 electronic components, and that each component is a pos-sible point of failure. Therefore, one effectively increases the potential points of failure by utilizing micro-inverters. Additionally, micro-inverters must be installed and operate daily in harsh, high heat environments. These ambient conditions quickly decrease the life of the components, regardless of the temperature ratings. Most research refers to vague and, otherwise undefi ned “test” sites with lit-tle to no defi nitive details about the temperatures found in the inverters (www.oke-services.nl/down-loads/200909_acmodules_paper_24eupvsec.doc). No reference is made to the duration of the test, only the size, site location, and model number of the micro-inverter, and/or reference to a competi-tive string inverter. Few articles, if any, mention how long temperatures were measured on testing sites, or mention the orientation or azimuth that is usually referenced, or whether or not competing arrays were identical to the test array are presented. Large ther-mal deviations over time certainly affect the electro-mechanical connections of the components inside the inverter via expansion and contraction, and this degrades performance reliability.

Incidentally, the location of the micro-inverter installation will subject the product to more frequent and probable surges from nearby lightning strikes. Most micro-inverters provide limited circuit protec-tion (small surges up to 6kV seem standard; the peak

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current uses is relatively low compared to the signifi cantly higher real-world surg-es), as per UL 1741. A string inverter, on the other hand, includes heavy duty EMC fi lters to protect against high-frequency line interference and transient spikes on both the PV input and the AC output. Semiconductors that have higher power ratings designed to withstand longer term and higher energy transient conditions, large overvoltage varistors, and spark gaps to protect power semiconductors from high-energy transients found on the grid-side, and DC overvoltage varistors to pro-tect against transients and surge pulses.

A micro-inverter is more susceptible to damage from grid transients and surges from near lightning strikes. In this con-text, micro-inverters represent a single point of failure, as all of the inverters will inevitably fail (as would any other prod-uct in catastrophic situations); thereby, again negating the benefi t of distributed failure points while considering a com-mon PV mishap. When this happens, all micro-inverters will need to be replaced at a huge cost, which includes downtime and re-installation costs. Here it appears benefi cial to use a string inverter, which represents a single point of replacement. Most micro-inverters cannot be repaired. String inverters can be repaired, recycled, and re-used. When a micro-inverter fails, they will likely have to be thrown away. The units are completely set in epoxy resin potting compound, which cannot be removed without harsh chemicals.

Shading mitigation is a serious issue for this industry. In a system that uses a string inverter, the poorest performing module will determine the system’s overall harvest-ed power. With a micro-inverter system, each module is an independent, optimized power producer. Regardless, it is unwise to mount solar modules where there is signifi cant chance of shade. It won’t matter which inverter the installer chooses as no amount of harvesting will replace absent irradiation. This argument means micro-inverters make sense for only a small por-tion of the residential PV market. The fi nal argument is in regards to the cost-effectiveness of the micro-inverter options currently available. Based on industry research on MSRP pricing at leading dis-tributors of PV equipment, micro-inverter systems are simply more expensive.

A comparison of the costs of two 5 kW PV systems—one with a string inverter and the other using a micro inverter—demonstrates that a micro-inverter system, plus monitoring, is nearly two-times the cost of a comparable KACO string inverter system with a watchDOG monitoring solution (utilizing identical panels and BoS components). When the same comparison was done for a 100 kW system using these two inverter technologies, the difference is even more signifi cant. The cost of using micro-inverters for a system of this size is almost

three-times higher than using a string inverter. Estimated shipping costs were considered in this analysis. An often overlooked fact for smaller systems is that the weight of a micro-inverter shipment is usually double that of a string inverter. The weight of the inverters necessary to complete the analysis of the 5 kW reference system is more than twice as high as the weight of one string inverter. Therefore, on top of higher upfront product cost there will be higher shipping costs.

In today’s dynamic solar industry, micro-inverter technology is com-monly considered. However, residential system costs must continue to drop to be attractive to the home owner. There are defi nitive theoreti-cal benefi ts to the concept of the micro-inverter. But at the forefront of this discussion should be pressure to reduce the cost of micro-inverters. These pressures to reduce costs will eventually demand compromises be made, which will inevitably affect their reliability.

KACO new energy | www.kaco-newenergy.com



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The square footage available on building rooftops, car parks, or other structures is

not suffi cient to allow for enough on-site elec-tricity generation to get us to the holy grail of creating net zero energy buildings—or buildings that generate as much energy as they consume. If, as a society, we want to generate signifi cant amounts of on-site renewable power without using up large swaths of land, as required by ground-mount solar and wind or biofuel pro-duction, cost-effective solutions are required for using the building envelope (and, in particular,

windows) for both energy generation and energy effi ciency.Over the last decade, the adoption of renewable energy has accelerated as the ef-

fects of climate change become more accepted and energy security threats more apparent. However, in the US renewable energy still accounts for a relatively small portion of the overall generation, with solar only contributing a mere 0.07%. This

percentage is increasing as the economics of the solar market become more fa-vorable with equipment price declines and supportive public policies. But, it is still insignifi cant in aggregate.

Siting renewable energy projects is a big source of cost and delay and, as a re-sult, the concept of distributed generation—smaller power plants located closer to energy demand—has become a large growth market. The energy demand is also in buildings (both residential and commercial), which account for 70% of the use of power plant-generated electricity, according to the US Department of Energy. Furthermore, a staggering 34% of this energy is lost through poor building effi -ciency. This represents a (multi-billion dollar) opportunity to add value in the built environment by increasing on-site renewable power generation and by improving energy effi ciency without disrupting the existing building process.

Photovoltaic modules started appearing on buildings in the 1970s, and by the 1990s the fi rst PV products designed to be integrated into the building envelope appeared. An industry was born. Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) products are broadly considered to be building elements that have PV electricity generation capability.

Driving Ubiquitous Solar EnergyGeneration through BIPV By Udi Paret


17North American Clean Energy

The International Energy Agency Pho-tovoltaic Power Systems Programme has defi ned BIPV as:

Natural integration of PV systems: PV systems that are architecturally pleasing within the context of the building, good material and color composition; PV systems that adapt well to overall modularity, the visual aspect of the grid, which is in harmony with the building and creates a satisfactory composition; PV systems that are appropriate to the context of the building and the integration of which are well-designed; use of PV that has generated an innovative concept.

Much like this detailed defi nition, how-ever, all current defi nitions miss one important characteristic: the ability to improve overall effi ciency. Beyond power generation and aesthetics, it is this signifi cant third benefi t that stands to advance the utilization of BIPV prod-ucts by helping mitigate one-third of the energy wasted through ineffi ciency in most buildings.

Award-winning international architect Sir Norman Foster is famously quoted as claiming, “Solar architecture is not about fashion—it is about survival.” Though a grandiose statement, it does speak to the huge potential BIPV tech-nology has in terms of climate change and energy security. It will largely be up to architects to drive the adoption of BIPV into the fundamentals of building design. Up until recently, the inclusion of BIPV technology has been relatively limited—to curtain walls, roof, or shad-owing systems—and has required a high level of architectural and engineering expertise. This level of complexity has kept costs high and adoption low. The market, therefore, needs a product that can easily be integrated into existing building design and construction pro-cesses. For example, new technology has resulted in the world’s fi rst integrated Photovoltaic Glass Unit (PVGU). This is a product that is built on the form factor of the ubiquitous Insulated Glass Unit that can easily integrate into exist-ing processes.

Now if the industry is successful in combining these three value proposi-tions in integrated products, it is likely that BIPV will become the main driver of solar energy adoption over the next decade. The United States Department of Energy estimates that it has the po-tential to generate up to half the elec-tricity needed in the country and, most importantly, where it is needed most—the point of consumption. To achieve this, Building-integrated PV needs to

overcome two remaining barriers to mass adoption: improve economics by delivering improved building energy effi ciency and energy generation, and increasing its ease-of-use as a con-struction material. If solar developers, architects, engineers, and builders focus on these factors, we’ll likely see a dramatic increase in PV throughout the built environment.

Udi Paret is vice president of business development and marketing at Pythagoras Solar.

Pythagoras Solar focuses on the creation of PV solar devices, such as glass, that replace conventional building materials while improving the energy effi ciency.

Pythagoras Solar | www.pythagoras-solar.com

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As the residential solar industry matures, consumer

expectations expand to encompass previously overlooked aspects of the technology. It is no longer enough for a homeowner to boast of the benefi ts of solar power as he nods toward his PV panels. The market is expanding well beyond the early adopters, ideologues, hobbyists, and

tinkerers to include a wide variety of users with diverse needs and expectations. Among other things, homeowners want to be shown exactly how much money their solar system is making them. Although the solar industry has moved at a slower pace, there are parallels to the computer revolution of the last decades, where solar users are beginning to expect more choices and a far more robust user-interface that allows them to optimize, troubleshoot, and readily see the value of their investment.

Traditional solar monitoring has typically fallen into two general categories: 1. Simple in-home displays or computer programs that provide a basic readout

of kiloWattHours (kWHr) generated, potentially including some peripheral information about environmental conditions; and

2. Monitoring service subscriptions offered through solar integrators; sold as a service with monthly or annual charges that may enable proactive trouble-shooting from an integrator who receives more detailed technical information about the health of the installation.

These models will still have a valuable place in the clean energy offerings of most dealers and integrators. However, the increasingly diverse nature of solar buyers will have expectations that require a user experience that is simple, yet even more comprehensive in the information it provides. Fortunately, a new breed of residential energy monitoring systems, born in the era of smart grid de-velopment, provides solar integrators, dealers, and ultimately end-users with the same sort of user-friendly interface they have come to expect from their comput-ers. These new systems offer an assortment of benefi ts to address the needs of a broad range of users including enhancements to traditional monitoring that effectively enables in-home net metering and personal load management, smart messaging that adapts to individual user requirements, as well as privacy features to assure end-users ultimate control of their personal energy consumption data.

Enhanced real-time monitoringVirtually all solar monitors provide some display of kWHrs generated. The next-generation monitoring systems build on this to provide real-time displays of both energy generation and consumption with meaningful details that show circuit-by-circuit loads in both kWHr and dollars, based on the user’s actual utility rate tables. These energy dashboards allow the user to see the impact of load changes immediately, and can include easy to understand graphic features such as:• Home fl oor plans identifying individual loads with room-by-room or whole-

house detail;• Segmented monitoring of multiple generation sources;• Charts and graphs indicating net energy use over user-selectable periods—

from hours to years;• Real-time breakdown of utility billing information with explanations of various

charges; and

Moving Beyondthe Rooftop &into the HomeNext-generation residential solar monitoring By Ron Pitt

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Bonding sealantChristopher Associates Inc. introduces Tonsan’s 1523 Rail Bonding Sealant. Tonsan 1523 has been formulated in cooperation with several of the world’s largest thin-fi lm module manufacturers, and exhibits signifi cantly superior electrical and mechani-cal performance, as well as unparalleled weather resistance. With a state-of-the-art manufacturing facility, and ISO 9001 and ISO 14000 certifi cations, Tonsan is able to offer some of the most advanced and cost-effective solutions in the solar industry. Christopher Associates | www.christopherweb.com

• Printable status and savings reports defi ned by the user that can help the user see the savings from their solar investment.

Messaging & alertsSince most users don’t sit in front of their computers all day, the latest moni-toring systems store data for viewing at any convenient time as a matter of course, and can also can send out mes-saging via SMS text, e-mail, or other means based on user-defi ned parameters. These messages can include assessments of energy saving opportunities based on individual usage patterns, as well as noti-fi cations of energy “hogs,” malfunction-ing appliances, vampire loads, and solar system performance issues. Messages can further be defi ned to notify the system integrator of problems so that they can respond to issues proactively, or assist in troubleshooting. While some manu-facturers of the new breed of monitors still use a subscription model for some or all of these services, others require no additional fees after the initial system purchase.

Privacy in the age of smart energyJust as security issues were overlooked at the dawn of the Internet era, many have failed to notice the personal informa-tion that is tied to energy usage data. With the growing availability of detailed energy use information come new issues relating to privacy. Apart from concerns about lifestyle data being mined for marketing purposes, it is important to be aware that patterns of energy con-sumption can be misused to determine when occupants go to work, leave on vacation, or where they are in the home. Unlike a breach of fi nancial data, issuing a new account number cannot rectify misuse of these private facts. The safest and most secure systems are those that keep the bulk of usage details within the home network. Though some consum-ers may think that easy web access is a handy convenience, it is vital that system integrators be aware of the potential is-sues involved and take these factors into consideration when recommending a monitoring system.

Overall, new options in solar moni-toring can be a real boon to solar pro-viders by giving customers convenient, easy to use tools to help optimize their solar systems, troubleshoot problems, further reduce their energy bills, and watch the return on their investment in no-nonsense dollars and cents.

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solar energy

PV monitoring for medium-sized solar systemsDraker Labs’ new Sentalis 200PV monitoring system is a cost-effective solution for systems with an energy capacity of 50kW to 250kW. The turnkey system in-cludes all monitoring hardware and a web interface for data management and reporting. In addition, Draker provides on-site support to assist in installing and com-missioning the Sentalis 200PV monitoring system. At the heart of each Sentalis 200PV system is a base sta-tion that collects data from environmental sensors and an energy production meter. To prevent data loss in the event of a power outage, each base station includes a back-up battery power supply, as well as on-site, re-dundant data storage. The base station also includes a dedicated power supply and a simplifi ed wiring panel to facilitate quick and safe installation. Data are transmit-ted from the base directly to Draker’s secure, offsite data servers for processing. To ensure that energy pro-duction is at peak effi ciency, access performance data from the Sentalis web interface, which quickly displays a variety of historical and real-time performance metrics. Draker Laboratories, Inc. | www.drakerlabs.com

Motion system for ultrasonic spray pyrolysis applicationsSono-Tek Corporation has developed an ultrasonic coating system to meet the needs of spray pyrolysis applications, often used in thin-fi lm solar cell manu-facturing. The FlexiCoat SC features a low oxygen (less than 3% oxygen), fully sealed spray chamber with 1/2" lexan windows for safely spraying solvents at high temperatures. A high temperature heat plate (up to 500° Celsius) is used to heat substrates prior to ultrasonic coating, resulting in uniform pyrolyzed TCO layers such as Indium or Zinc metal com-pounds onto thin-fi lm solar cell substrates. Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis offers several advantages over other deposition methods, such as sputtering or pulsed deposition, as it is less costly, easier to scale, and re-quires no vacuum and less gas for processing than other coating methods. Coating results have been shown to be uniform, thin, and crack-free, with high transmittance and conductive properties. In addition, this RTP coating technique allows the ability to con-trol desired morphology characteristics.Sono-Tek Corporation | www.sono-tek.com

Small slew driveIMO Antriebseinheit presents the new slew drive WD – LB 0140, which was especially developed to meet the re-quirements of solar thermal applications. The patented slew drive—so far the smallest—has a low maintenance effort and a high stiffness, which is intensifi ed by the elaborated Slewing Ring of the integrated IMO slew drive. A gearing with very little axial clearance bears the high demand on the precision of the position and the repetition when correcting the refl ection mirrors. Ap-propriate heat treatment methods and coating processes, combined with the suitable lubricant and a new structure of the drive, assure IMO, even under extreme environ-ment conditions, an extremely long lifespan. Due to the compact design, with its generously dimensioned output shaft for easy and elegant execution of supply lines, and the possible individual adaptation of the drive motor and the provider system to individual system requests of cus-tomers, WD-LB 0140 can be integrated in almost every encoder system. The good price-performance ratio and the approved IMO quality make the small IMO slew drive perfect for the solar sector.IMO Antriebseinheit GmbH & Co. KG | www.imo.de



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President: Lou Gonzales Business Development: Jason Moe, Tony Jaime, Kevin Bibb

Spectrum thermal process optimization softwareKIC announces the third and fi nal link to KIC’s technologies for increased solar cell effi ciencies—the Spectrum thermal pro-cess optimization software. The solar cell manufacturing industry has long linked higher cell effi ciency to the ability to manufacture the solar wafers in the “sweet spot” of the thermal process window. The Spectrum automatically identifi es the correct furnace set-up that achieves a thermal profi le that is positioned within the sweet spot of the established process window. The prediction software uses the information from a single profi le pass to evaluate the millions of possible furnace set-ups. Each possible furnace recipe will yield a profi le, and the Spectrum identifi es the fi t between the profi le and the estab-lished process window. Within seconds, the Spectrum can complete an exhaustive ranking and present its recommendation for the furnace recipe (zone temperatures and conveyor speed) that yield the optimal profi le. The Spectrum is a software-only option for the SunKIC profi ler.KIC | www.kicthermal.com

Stainless Steel Cable TiesMudge Fasteners, Inc. offers stainless steel cable ties: a wire management system and method for protecting wires originating from roof-mountable photovoltaic panels. The 316 stainless steel provides high resistance to heat, salts, and acids. Plain or polyester coating is available. Polyester coating enhances corrosion re-sistance and acts as a barrier between dissimilar metals. Operating temperatures: uncoated 1000°F/500°C; coated 302°F/150°C. UL compliant product.Mudge Fasteners, Inc. | www.mudgefasteners.com | www.solarfastenerexpert.com

Solar thermal collectorsIn addition to the SRCC OG 300 certi-fi ed Thermo Siphon Solar Water Heat-ing Systems, Premium Solar recently introduced the EZINC SRCC OG 100 certifi ed Solar Thermal Collectors into the US market. EZINC SUPERLINE SRCC OG 100 Thermal Solar Collec-tors are sized as: Superline XXL (4 x 8), and Superline L (4 x 6.5). The EZINC Superline 3XL (4 x 10) collector is cur-rently in the SRCC certifi cation process. EZINC thermal collectors have a 10-year manufacturer limited warranty. Further-more, EZINC Full Plate Absorbers are manufactured on a completely automated production line, and the tubes are fi xed to a selective absorber plate by ultrasonic welding. Some US solar system manufac-turers have already started using EZINC collectors in their systems because of the affordable price and high quality.Premium Solar | www.presolarnet.com



Solar thermal collectorSolimpeks Corp. has added a new product to its range of fl at solar thermal collectors: the Wunder Drain collector. The Wunder Drain’s absorber consists of a 0.20mm thick copper plate coated with a selective titanium coating capable of absorbing 97% of the solar radiation it receives. Thanks to an 18mm manifold, it is possible connect 10 Wunder Drain panels in one single string. The Wunder Drain collector can be mounted on or integrated into fl at and sloping roofs alike and, the company claims, has one of the most cost-effi cient rates in the world. Like all Wunder products, the Wunder Drain collector comprises an all-aluminum case cover with a low iron tempered solar glass panel, 4mm thick. The glass is sealed with a high-quality EPDM seal. The Wunder collectors are insulated with 50mm Rockwool and have a thermal conductivity of 0.037 W/mK.Solimpeks Corp. | www.solimpeks.com

Products for thin-fi lm and crystalline PV panels & arraysRemke Energy recently introduced an expanded line of Helio-Link solar products for thin-fi lm and crystalline PV panels and arrays. The Helio-Link line includes IP 68 rated fi eld wireable and bulkhead connectors, assembly/installation tools and kits, PV/USE cable, custom cable assemblies, thin-fi lm junction boxes, combiner boxes, and grid tie products. Remke Energy Type 4 Solar Connectors are available in either a bulkhead or fi eld wireable confi guration. The Helio-Link connectors offer several unique features including: fi eld assembly without special tools; the highest current rating in the industry—40A; an IP 68 rating; and wider cable range (8 to 18 AWG). The Helio-Link product line also includes assembly/installation tools and kits that feature a funnel entry on the crimp tool for extra-easy crimping and extraction. The PV/USE Cable is offered in 8-18 AWG with moisture resistance that exceeds UL 44. Helio-Link Thin-Film Junction Boxes are pre-assembled with cables and connectors, and optional bypass diodes. Combiner Box features operation/protection to 1000V, a plug-and-play design from 8 to 30 PV strings, and is customizable with a wide range of optional products such as lightning and overvoltage protection. Remke Energywww.remkeenergy.com

solar energy


We’ve built the framework for more cost-effective solar power.Reduce your cost per watt with rooftop mounting solutions from Cooper B-Line.Cooper B-Line’s new commercial rooftop mounting solutions feature a combination of standard electrical components that are pre-assembled to help you save on installation time and costs. They accommodate virtually any solar PV panel size or type, and feature one of the most fl exible mounting designs available – so they’re easy to adapt to a variety of commercial fl at roof applications. Plus, the hinged design allows for rooftop maintenance without disconnecting panels. Available in tilt angles from 5 to 35 degrees, portrait and landscape mountings, for ballasted or positively tied applications. Learn more today at www.cooperblinesolar.com or visit us at Intersolar – Level 1, Booth #7558.

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Remote display solar monitoringSteca Elektronik GmbH provides a new Internet remote display that allows permanent monitoring and performance analysis for solar thermal systems. The Steca TK RW2 IFA router was developed to visualize solar thermal systems in com-bination with the Steca TR 0603mc U solar thermal controller. Temperature and performance data are clearly displayed for analysis in an Internet browser window and changes in temperature, over time, are visualized using diagrams. If a heat meter is used, the system is even capable of displaying energy balances and CO2 savings. By logging online (www.solarther-malweb.com), with a personal username and password, the operator can monitor system information worldwide.The historical data archived on a server is permanently available and can be downloaded for detailed analysis with the ap-plicable software, Steca TS Analyzer 1, at any time.Steca Elektronik GmbH, Germany | www.stecasolar.com

Central inverter system for utility scale PVA transformer-less central inverter system for utility scale photovoltaic power plants is set to maximize inves-tor returns through optimized avail-ability, effi ciency, and yield. Control Techniques’ SPV is constructed us-ing 145kWp, 176kWp, and multiple 176kWp parallel connected inverter modules to produce any desired power rating up to 1760kWp. The inverter modules are based on a ma-ture design that is well-proven in thousands of demanding industrial applications, including the PV indus-try. Control Techniques is now intro-ducing a unique control methodology that enables the modular inverters to switch between standby and ac-tive states to match the instantaneous power available from the solar array; this signifi cantly enhances both ef-fi ciency and plant availability. Each inverter is constructed from one or more, easy to handle, compact mod-ules that are mass produced ensuring inherent quality, short delivery times, and minimized spares holding. The active/standby sequence of the in-verter modules rotates daily ensuring that all modules are exercised equally, with the added benefi t that individual modules accrue fewer operational hours per year than the alternative “bulk inverter” solution commonly found in the market. Consequently, the CT modular solution offers long-er service life. Control Techniques www.controltechniques.com

solar energy

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Chief Commercial Offi cerSkyFuel is seeking a veteran sales/marketing executive who is experienced in selling large capital equipment to utilities, IPPs and project developers. This senior manager will drive the overall commercial efforts of the company and directly supervise the business development team that is responsible for equipment sales, strategic relationships and product manage-ment. The Commercial leader will refi ne and implement the GoTo Market strategy, recruit and motivate the sales force, develop a high potential sales pipeline and maintain organized customer relationship records. The ideal candidate will have proven success securing or-ders for early stage technology in the renewable energy sector. He/she will be customer centric, able to demonstrate superior communication skills and be a fi rm believer in CRM.This position will report to the company President and is located in Arvada, CO.

Sales Representatives SkyFuel is seeking sales/marketing professionals to build up its business development team. The company has immediate openings for equipment sales personnel and individuals to manage strategic relationships. The company is in search of technically-savvy career sales individuals with more than 10 years in direct sales and at least 3 yrs in the CSP industry. This team will drive the commercialization of the company’s proven technology. Experience selling early stage renewable energy technology is a defi nite plus. Ideal candidates will have verifi -able sales success closing transactions and/or negotiating strategic agreements. The most desired individuals will have excellent communication skills with hands-on CRM fl uency.These positions report to the Chief Commercial Offi cer and are located in Arvada, CO.

SkyFuel Inc. is a leading supplier of utility-grade CSP collector systems. The

company’s SkyTrough® is a high-performance, low-cost parabolic trough solar

thermal collector using Refl ecTech® Mirror Film to form its shatterproof refl ector

panels at much lower cost than curved glass mirrors.

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Real-time scribe metrologyGood scribing is key to high cell effi ciency. Scribe widths, pitches, and offsets must be accurately controlled to pro-duce panels with maximum conversion effi ciencies, and the coatings must be precisely removed. A new metrology tech-nology has been proven on P1, P2, and P3 scribing tools. NxtGen Scribe 100 systems deliver what the current matrix camera systems cannot—100% scribe metrology, for all scribes, on-line, in real time. Features include: scribe widths and standard deviations (fi rst third, middle third, last third, and panel composite); scribe offsets; scribe pitch; measure-ment resolution (±2μm to 5μm); percent of scribe missing (data for each scribe); spacing violations (scribes too close or overlapping or too far apart at any point); measure-ment of the amount of residual coating left in the scribes (violation of control limits); and, optics remain in focus for warped and bouncing panels or webs at speeds to 30m/min.Dark Field Technologies | www.darkfi eld.com

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Aesthetic, high-effi ciency solar panelsEvergreen Solar, Inc., manufacturer of String Ribbon solar panels with its proprietary silicon wafer technology, unveiled its upcoming line of higher effi ciency solar panels featuring its newly developed BOOST Cell Technology. The new ES-D and ES-E series of pan-els for residential and commercial markets feature Evergreen’s new BOOST cell technology that uses micro wires instead of conventional bus-bars to reduce cell shading, improve current collection and, ulti-mately, increase the overall panel effi ciency. This innovative new cell technology also gives these panels one of the most appealing aesthet-ics in the industry. The ES-D series panels, designed primarily for residential roofs, are lighter weight for ease of installation and smaller in size to ensure a better fi t of the panels to any shape or size of roof. The ES-E series panels will be available in 220, 225, and 230W power grades. All the new panels will feature an industry leading -0/+5W power tolerance and anti-refl ective treated glass as standard.Evergreen Solar, Inc. | www.evergreensolar.com

Superline series solar collectorsEzinc 4x6.5 size collectors, achieved to receive SRCC certifi cation, are manufactured under high-quality conditions. They contain sput-tered blue, highly selective copper absorber surface to get the best performance under poor solar radiation. Ezinc has also announced its biggest size collectors at 4x10, which will be SRCC listed very soon. The 4x10 collectors are powered by highly selective, full copper absorbers, which allow them to produce more energy from just one unit—particularly for large sized installations on buildings, which have limited roof area; designers can use Su-perline 4x10 collectors to save space. EZINC Metal San. Tic. A.S. www.ezinc.com.tr



wind energy

The modern age wind energy industry has its roots in Europe.

It was born out of the oil embargo in the 1970s. This event was a wake-up call to the European nations of Den-mark, Germany, Spain, and others. Policy makers in these countries set out to reduce their dependence on foreign oil, in part by establishing national policy that favored domestic sources of energy. Hence, the modern

day wind industry was born. These governments provided tax incentives to private individuals that invested in wind energy development. At one point, the majority of wind energy installations in these countries were owned by a collection of individual owners—the precise defi nition of “community wind.” A high proportion of the wind energy in these countries still comes from community wind today.

Community wind (CW) is defi ned by local ownership and, in some cases, by size. Generally, one or several people local to the community where the wind farm is being built have a signifi cant fi nancial stake in the project. Community wind projects are commercial-scale and can range in size from sub one megawatt (MW) to hundreds of MWs.

Following are the primary characteristics of CW projects:• One or more members of the local community—farmers,

schools, colleges, tribal governments, municipal utilities, local businesses, and rural electric cooperatives—have a sig-nifi cant fi nancial stake in a wind project;

• Designed for bulk power generation and sale to a utility, or large electricity user;

• The economic benefi ts that fl ow to the community are greater than from typical land lease payments, construction and operations jobs, as well as in-creased local tax base in commercial projects;

• The community has a signifi cant amount of con-trol over management of the project, and possibly the voting rights, especially regarding matters of greatest importance to the community;

• There are opportunities for members of the com-munity to have a direct fi nancial stake in the pro-ject, with an appropriate share of both the risks and rewards;

• Project sizes most typically in the range of 5 MW to 50 MW, although they can range both higher and lower;

• They may employ a variety of ownership and fi -nancing structures, which have features designed to accommodate the goals of the community with respect to fi nancial and management participation; and,

• A genuine sense of community involvement.

Benefi ts of community windCW projects have a greater impact on local eco-nomic development, primarily through the creation of more jobs on a per-MW basis, than the current conventional wind energy business models. These benefi ts derive, specifi cally, from on-site labor and professional services, turbine production and supply chain impacts, and induced impacts such as house-hold purchases due to the local injection of income.

Since their development involves community members on an unprecedented scale, CW farms can be thought of as the “family farm” of the American wind energy business. This serves to diversify the number of people and institutions that participate in and benefi t from wind power development while broadening the investor and political base for wind power, as well as increasing community support for siting new wind projects.

In addition, CW projects are often more grid-friendly than conventional wind in that they may require little or no new investment in new transmis-sion to connect to the grid. All this may serve to help CW projects reach “shovel-ready” sooner than con-ventional, absentee wind projects.

Benefits of CW relative to conventional, absentee projects: • Ownership is retained in the community and profi ts

are recycled, creating incremental jobs, wages, busi-ness income, and tax revenue over absentee projects;

• Creates a broader footprint of stakeholders; more involvement = increased support;

• Can be a pathway for collaborations between ma-jor wind developers and local communities;

• Can often use existing grid infrastructure— includ-ing local distribution grids—and does not rely on new transmission;

• Can strengthen local power distribution grids by putting supply near the load;

• Utilities often favor local generation over remote, imported power;

• Distributed, CW projects may reach “shovel-ready” sooner; and,

• Fills a market niche for smaller projects that can be less attractive to conventional developers.

ChallengesCommunity wind projects are often smaller than the 100 MW to 300 MW wind projects that have been the typical size range for wind energy projects in the last fi ve years. This is changing. There are fewer and fewer places in the US to connect large-scale wind energy facilities to the grid without signifi cant trans-mission upgrades costs that come along with projects that size. However, the economies of scale associated with these larger facilities are a defi nite economic challenge facing community wind. Some of this cost disadvantage is mitigated by lower transmission up-grades costs, but not all. As the industry continues to mature, the trend to smaller and mid-sized projects will continue, mitigating this challenge.

ConclusionThe future of community wind is bright. The trends to greater community involvement and siting generation closer to the load and on the distribution system will continue. Landowners and local entrepreneurs want a greater stake in the wind project compared to leasing their wind rights to a large, out-of-town developer. Transmission operators are beginning to see the value in spreading wind generation across a wider geographic footprint (distributed generation).

OwnEnergy, Inc. | www.ownenergy.net

Community Wind:Taking off in the

United StatesBy Cynthia Crooks

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wind energy

Wind turbines, particularly in offshore installations, are exposed to continuous vibration and the infl uences of the elements. Since failure of

the electrical monitoring system is unacceptable, a high-quality cable protection system that ensures cables are safeguarded against external infl uences is essential. Specially modifi ed polyamide-based cable protection systems offer a simple, but effective solution. Polyamide possesses many high-quality characteristics: it fl exible, but at the same time mechanically stable, resistant to UV, and it does not corrode. It also has a wide operating temperature range, which makes it suitable for many industrial applications.

The interest in wind energy and the requirement for systems, components, and service is continually increasing. Today, excellent opportunities exist in the industry for machine building companies. One example is at a wind park 45km off the coast of Borkum (East Friesland). During the development of this M5000 wind energy system, great emphasis was placed on keeping the weight of the rotor and associ-ated parts to a minimum. This made transportation easy and allowed for simple, safe, and fast assembly of each wind turbine as the completed rotor could be lifted in one piece onto the tower.

Reliability is the deciding factor for offshore applications. The low rotation speed and minimal number of moving parts reduces the risk of failures in power trans-mission. Permanent protection of the system technology from the corrosive sea atmosphere is a prerequisite for a long system life. Consequently, the housing and hub of wind energy equipment are hermetically sealed against the surrounding air. An air conditioning system fi lters the air in such a way under all climatic conditions, so the equipment is internally protected against corrosion due to salt and moisture. However, at sea, there is signifi cantly more wind than on land, which means a wind energy system installation is constantly in motion. Torsion in cables, vibration, and points of abrasion can occur. Cable protection is, therefore, necessary.

Why choose polyamide cable protection products?Specially modifi ed polyamide conduits where specially developed for external ap-plications exposed to high-mechanical stress. The conduit is extremely fl exible, al-lowing it to be formed around sharp angles and curves. Additionally, metal conduits must be sawn to length; whereas, polyamide conduits can in little time be trimmed to the correct length with a pair of scissors or a pocket knife. It is manufactured from specially modifi ed PA12 raw material supplemented by additives to improve the weathering resistance of the PA12 material. This provides a life expectancy in predominantly static applications, such as in excess of 25 years. This specially modi-fi ed conduit also has good, low-temperature characteristics, which is signifi cant because the system is exposed to the elements in summer and winter. Polyamide is hygroscopic, absorbing and giving up water to the surrounding air depending upon the humidity. With PA12, this effect is less pronounced ensuring that even with low humidity the material retains good impact resistance.

To produce the right product for the right application, it takes intensive research and development, as well as intensive product testing. Cable test methods consist of the following:Reversed Bending Test with Swinging Movements. This standard is based on a cy-clic reversed bending test (pivoting) of conduits under various conditions (tempera-ture). The conduits are dynamically loaded and evaluated at the upper and lower application temperature limits. The test is performed based on IEC EN 61386. The minimum requirement corresponds to the specifi cations of IEC EN 61386. The number of cycles to fracture determines the fatigue strength of the conduit. Reversed Bending Test. This standard describes a cyclic reversed bending test with additional tensile loading (lifting) on fl exible conduits under standard ambient con-ditions (23°C/73°F at 50% relative humidity). The conduit is loaded until fracture. The number of cycles to fracture determines the fatigue strength of the conduit. In addition to the lifting Reversed Bending Test, there is a Rotation or Oval Reversed Bending Test. This standard describes a cyclic bending test (rotation in an oval pattern) on fl exible conduits under standard ambient conditions (23°/73°F at 50% relative humidity). The conduit is tested until failure. The number of cycles to frac-ture determines the fatigue strength of the conduit.

Peak Load Test. This standard describes the peak load test on conduits under standard ambient conditions (23°C/73°F at 50% relative humidity). The conduit is deformed by a defi ned amount between two plates. The restoring force established over a specifi c time (by relaxation of the conduit) describes the crushing pressure or compression strength. Pull-out Test. This standard defi nes the system pull-out test on conduits and con-nectors under standard ambient conditions (23°C/73°F at 50% relative humidity). The conduits are mounted with the appropriate system connectors. The pull-out strength of the system is determined in a tensile test. Impact Test. This standard describes the impact strength test on conduits at various temperatures. The conduit sample is placed on a steel plate, centered under an im-pact head with a defi ned profi le. The impact head impacts the center of the conduit surface. In contrast to international specifi cations, deformation behavior (buckling) is determined, rather than fracture behavior. The impact test is considered to be passed if no fracture or cracking can be detected after the impact, as well as no ex-cessive permanent deformation of the conduit in accordance with specifi cations. Cold Bending Test. This standard describes a bending test on conduits at low tem-peratures. The conduits are stored in a controlled climate cabinet at the specifi ed test temperature. Loading is achieved by winding the conduit around a test mandrel with a defi ned diameter. The various products are classifi ed based on the mandrel diameter which can be achieved. Thermal Ageing Test. This standard describes a bending test on thermally aged conduits. The test conduits are stored in a controlled climate oven at the specifi ed test temperature. After removal from the oven, they are cooled to room tempera-ture. Loading is achieved by winding the conduit around a test mandrel with a de-fi ned diameter. The various products are classifi ed based on the mandrel diameter, which can be achieved. Self-extinguishing Test. This standard describes a fl ame test on conduits based on international specifi cations. The conduit is exposed to a defi ned fl ame from a standard burner. The time of ignition, fl ame propagation behavior, as well as time of extinguishing after removal of the fl ame source, are signifi cant parameters for evaluating the fl ame behavior of the products.

A failure in the electronic monitoring system of a wind energy plant can have fa-tal consequences. A simple, but effective component manufactured from specially formulated polyamide—which can be applied in addition to a standard lock nut on the thread of a fi tting; thereby, increasing the outlet radius and preventing potential abrasion damage caused by tight bending radii and vibration. The anti-abrasion lock nut is available in a divisible form for retro-fi t applications or as a one piece element for applications in new designs from conception onwards.

Generally, cable protection can be seen as a dispensable element. If a cable is laid without a conduit around it, it is exposed to the prevailing environmental condi-tions around it. Cable protection is used to protect the cables from external factors. That means that if through a particularly inauspicious collection of circumstances, or if some extraordinary mechanical stress damage occurs, it is “only” the cable pro-tection that is damaged; the cable function is not affected.

Wind turbine systems are a network of devices such as motors, controls, lighting, sensors, and numerous devices located throughout the tower, nacelle, and hub. If any one of these devises fails due to damaged cables, costly repairs and service are inevitable. In wind energy installations, particularly offshore, cable protection is indispensable.

As an innovator of cable protection systems, PMA USA manufactures cable protection systems for use in the wind industry, as well for other demanding applications worldwide.

PMA USA | www.pma-usa.org

Understanding Cable Protectionin the Wind IndustryBy George Sims


Lincoln Electric’s advanced Power Wave® equipment platform, combined with our complete lineof submerged arc wire and flux, delivers superior welding performance on typical wind towerapplications, such as longitudinal and circumferential seams, flanges, door frames and more.

For a custom welding solution that delivers consistent, reliable performance while meeting thestrict requirements for products used in wind tower fabrication–choose Lincoln Electric.

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TO MEET THE DEMANDING WELDING NEEDS OFTHE WIND TOWER FABRICATION INDUSTRY.

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New turbines are placing increased demands on oil. Productivity is at stake. And Mobil Industrial Lubricants has responded.

With Mobil DTE 700 and Mobil DTE 800. Both are specially formulated for demanding gas and steam turbine applications.

And designed to help the latest generation of high efficiency turbines not just run, but fly. Visit mobilindustrial.com for more.

© 2010 Exxon Mobil Corporation Mobil and the Pegasus design are registered trademarks of Exxon Mobil Corporation or one of its subsidiaries.

Power plant turbines are built to run. But what if they could fly?


wind energy MOBIL INDUSTRIAL LUBRICANTS

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When it comes to wind turbines, Mobil Industrial Lubricants don’t just make them run — they make them fl y. How? By helping you get the most out of your machines.

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When siting turbines, it is important to understand not only the characteristics of the wind resource, but also the impact of neighboring turbines. The offshore wind farm at Horns Rev off the coast of Denmark has been famously photographed to show wind turbine wake ef-fects—that is, the effect of wind turbines on the amount and type of wind available to turbines behind them.

Meteorologists have been studying wake effects since the 1980s, when larger-scale wind farm development made these effects more apparent. Jack Kline is a con-sulting meteorologist who has been involved in the wind industry since 1982. His company, RAM Associates, con-sults on wind resource assessment, site selection, analysis of meteorological (met) tower data, energy estimates, and wind speed modeling.

He offers a straightforward explanation of wake ef-fects: “Wind turbines convert kinetic energy from air movement into electrical energy. Wind turbines are tak-ing momentum out of the air, so there’s less momentum after the wind passes through the turbine rotor. That is the turbine wake.”

In the early development of the modern wind indus-try, wake effects were poorly understood simply because there was not enough experience. It is known that wake effects dissipate downstream of the turbine as the wake mixes with the ambient fl ow of air. Because of this, wind farm developers assumed wake effects were negligible at a certain distance from a turbine, and many wind farms were built with rows of turbines too close together, causing unanticipated, cumulative wake losses.

“The understanding back in the early days was that ten rotor diameters downstream (of a turbine), the wake was pretty much dissipated,” says Kline. “Even if that were true, rows of turbines behave differently than sin-gle turbines. It just was a disaster overall. These kinds of losses tend to accumulate as wind passes through a wind farm. This depends on terrain and the arrangement of turbines, but the losses can become quite signifi cant.”

As researchers studied wake effects more closely, they realized that wakes affected not just turbines on the same farm, but turbines on other farms, as well. “In California there were wake effects from one wind farm to another wind farm downstream. Wind farms were getting hit by losses of 5%, 10%, even 15% in energy output,” says Kline. “When we began to look at the macro wake effects from one wind farm to another, we saw a big hole in the wind, so to speak.”

Turbulence, measuring & modelingIt is also important for wind farm stakeholders to under-stand wake effects because of turbulence, or rapid changes in wind speed and direction. “A turbulent component is introduced in a turbine wake. Turbulence increases the loading on turbines and shortens the lifespan of any com-ponents that are affected by it,” Kline says.

For several years, the wind industry devoted substantial attention to wake studies. To measure the effects of tur-

bine wakes, Kline explains: “You measure the wind speed upwind, and measure the power outputs. Then you have someone turn off the turbines upwind, and you look at the power outputs. You compare the power outputs of turbines with and without the turbines running upstream when the wind speed is similar.”

Ongoing wake effects testing petered out in the 1980s, as wind farm owners became reluctant to turn their tur-bines off and incur revenue loss. Yet, wind measurement is vital to understanding wake loss effects, because if one can-not defi ne the free-fl ow wind speed variation properly, one cannot describe the wake loss.

Modeling is also used throughout the industry in wind resource assessment studies, including wake studies. Mod-eling is a method used by meteorologists to predict wind characteristics over a large site based on met tower data gathered in the area.

Remote sensing, modeling & wake studiesWith their portability, re-deployability, and ability to measure at higher heights, remote sensing systems offer meteorologists new ways to enhance their mod-eling and study wake effects. Josh Stinogel, project manager at WindLogics, is managing a wake study that combines data from a Second Wind Triton Sonic Wind Profi ler (a remote sensing system that uses sodar to measure wind characteristics at higher heights) with meteorological tower measurements.

“We’re working on a project partnering with the Univer-sity of Minnesota to better understand what wakes actually exist within a wind farm,” explains Stinogel. “The goal is to use high-resolution weather modeling to better characterize turbine wakes within an operating array. In order to create and tune those models you want as much data as humanly possible. That includes SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) data from the operating wind farm, met towers, and remote sensing tools. The idea is that you want to be able to make as many measurements upwind and downwind from the turbine as possible and also get SCADA information so you can link that data to the actual machine output.” The outlook“There’s no standard rule that applies to turbine siting now,” says Kline. “It’s all dependent on local terrain condi-tions, how much land you have, and how big the project is slated to be. You have to balance the total desired in-stalled capacity with the terrain and all the environmental considerations that come into play. To reduce wake losses you want to space turbines as widely as possible within the constraints of a project size.”

It is in the wind industry's best interests to develop a greater understanding of wake effects.

Second Wind’s Naomi Pierce enjoys writing and sharing interesting facts about wind and how to best measure it.

Second Wind Inc. | www.secondwind.com

Wake Up and Smell the Wake

EffectsBy Naomi Pierce

What are wake effects, why are they important to the wind

industry, and how is remote sensing technology helping?



wind energy

50_Equipment_Express.eps 1 9/2/09 8:29 AM

As the energy sector rapidly evolves to accommodate the growing need for renewable energy, small wind turbines have emerged as a serious option for

providing local energy. While the small wind industry has shown signifi cant growth lately, which is expected to continue well into the future, there are signifi cant chal-lenges the industry must overcome to achieve its full potential. The ability to affect regulatory change and the continued improvement in economic viability of wind energy, as well as to gain consumer confi dence, are the most signifi cant challenges the small wind industry must face to continue growth throughout the decade.

Government institutions have been cautious in terms of allowing the installation of small wind turbines in both rural and urban environments. The primary motiva-tion for this caution by municipal, city, and state legislatures is to ensure the safety

of constituents. The approval process generally involves a review of internationally recognized safety certifi cations, along with evaluation of other important safety characteristics such as noise and vibration levels, as well as manufacturing quality.

Aesthetics have also played a signifi cant role in dampening the potential of small wind turbine industry growth. On numerous occasions, neighbors of a potential wind turbine customer have protested and, at times, succeeded in blocking the installation of nearby wind turbines due to a perceived aesthetic displeasure. Turbine manufac-turers, particularly in the vertical axis market, have responded by creating innovative turbines, which draw together engineering design with visually appealing elegance.

A fi nal factor affecting the approval of wind turbines has been the noise and vi-bration produced. Although a few manufacturers offer low-RPM turbines with min-

SeekingFair Winds:The small wind industryBy Mateo Chaskel



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imum vibration levels and noise production, the possibility of disturbing noise has been cause for concern to regulatory institutions in the past. As such, it has become important for manufacturers to hold certifi cations offi cially stating the vibration and noise production of their small wind systems.

Aside from the regulatory perspective, small wind has also been limited by a lack of proper incentive and rebate programs. Though progress has certainly been made in recent years, solar power continues to have access to numerous exclusive incentives that further reduce the price of solar energy. However, recently the US government instituted a 30% tax credit on the purchase of any small wind turbine, greatly reducing the cost of turbines to customers. Abroad, the UK government has

implemented a feed-in tariff, which makes the installation of small wind turbines a much more attractive proposition.

State incentives, on the other hand, tend to be more diffi cult to qualify for. In many states, each individual turbine model must be tested and approved by a regu-latory committee prior to its being eligible for state incentives, which include tax rebates, feed-in tariffs, installation rebates, and production incentives. Therefore, new wind turbine manufacturers must go through the arduous process of having their turbines approved by each independent state regulatory branch.

In addition to the regulatory and economic issues mentioned above, a key aspect that has resulted in signifi cant limitations for the small wind turbine industry has been a lack of consumer confi dence. Hampered by manufacturers who, in previ-ous years, promised results their turbines could not live up to, small wind and, in particular, vertical axis turbines have been subject to criticism and mistrust. Due to the magnitude of the investment in a small wind turbine system for a typical homeowner, customer confi dence is paramount to the success of the wind industry. Though some manufacturers continue to promote their products with unrealistic power curves, others have taken the lead in having their power curves and energy production charts certifi ed to international standards by third-party agencies. As

customers increase their knowledge and be-gin to request these certifi cations, it can be expected that the quality of the product will be enhanced, leading to an overall increase in consumer satisfaction.

Despite the numerous challenges faced by the small wind industry, it has continued to expand. In the coming years, as the industry continues to grow, further standards and certifi cations will be sought by manufactur-ers, and a more educated consumer base will begin to request such standards and certi-fi cations when purchasing energy systems. In the US, an independent certifi cation body, the Small Wind Certifi cation Council

(SWCC), has recently been formed and will begin certifying several different char-acteristics of small wind turbines. This should streamline the regulatory process and increase the confi dence consumers feel toward small wind products, while increas-ing the number and quality of rebates available to small wind consumers. The result is likely to be more profi table projects, which will further encourage the greatly anticipated and welcome expansion of the small wind industry.

Urban Green Energy | www.urbangreenenergy.com

Despite the numerous challenges faced by the small wind industry, it has continued to expand. In the coming years, as the industry continues to grow, further standards and certifi cations will be sought by manufacturers…



wind energy

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Non-contact transmission technologies Although wind turbine systems predominantly utilize precious metal sliding contact technology, SCHLEIFRING exclusively offers on-demand, non-contacting transmission technologies for high data rate transmission, including all common bus systems up to Gigabit Eth-ernet. Along with a contacting slip ring for the transmission of power and signals, hybrid systems are employing non-contacting capacitive systems and/or passive optical rotary joints for signal and data trans-mission. These non-contacting technologies offer several benefi ts: wear-resistance, high noise immunity combined with excellent EMC performance, and high data rate transmission. SCHLEIFRING | www.schleifring.com

Laminator for producing long compositewind partsThe Flat Charge Laminator (FCL) from MAG Industrial Automation Systems is ideal for automated, high-production lay-up of composite spars, beams, stringers, and similar parts for wind blade manufacture. The highly repeatable system drastically reduces labor while im-proving part quality, productivity, and consistency. With four heads dedicated to four different materials, the servo-controlled machine produces constant- or variable-thickness laminates on a segmented vacuum table, compacting the layers with a force of 13.6kg to 136kg (30 to 300 pounds). The FCL handles 0/90 prepreg fabric, +/- 45 prepreg fabric, unidirectional tape and, as an option, foil or fi lm. Maximum material width is 300 mm (12 inches) on rolls up to 635 mm (25 inches) diameter, weighing up to (150 pounds). The machine features four servo-controlled dispensing heads on a placement carriage that moves on rails integrated with the vacuum bed. The servo-powered placement carriage is driven by rack-and-pinion system. A Siemens PLC precisely controls the entire process with speed and position feedback from ro-tary and linear encoders on dispensing heads and placement carriage. MAG | www.mag-ias.com



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Direct-drive wind turbineEocycle Technologies is introducing its 25kW EO-25/12 direct-drive wind turbine to the marketplace. This model has fea-tures that make it an ideal choice for power utility customers who wish to avoid exposure to constantly increasing electricity rates. The EO-25/12 is designed to IEC 61400-2 wind class II and UL 1741 standards, and built to generate power reliably for a minimum of 20 years with very little maintenance and downtime exposure. Featuring Eocycle’s permanent magnet generator, this wind turbine also offers quiet operation and superior annual energy production. Eocycle Technologies Inc. | www.eocycle.com

Turbine for low- to medium-wind speed sitesAlstom has introduced its 3MW ECO 110 wind turbine, one of the most pow-erful onshore wind turbines, specifi cally designed to ensure the highest energy production on low- to medium-wind speed sites. The ECO 110 features a 110m-rotor diameter, one of the largest rotors available today for onshore appli-cations, to capture even greater amounts of wind on a given site and maximize the energy yield of a turbine. The ECO 110 can produce enough energy for 2000 households while avoiding the production of 7000 tons a year of CO2. Its 53 metre-long blades, over half a soccer fi eld long, have been designed to capture more power more effectively—which means fewer turbines and less land space are required to generate the same amount of power.

Alstom’s wind turbines are based upon the unique ALSTOM PURE TORQUE rotor support concept, which protects the gearbox and other drive train components from defl ection loads. The concept fully separates the gearbox from the supporting structure ensuring that only torque is transmitted through the shaft to the gearbox, and all defl ection loads are transmitted directly to the tower. Most conventional rotor support concepts tend to turn gearboxes into consumables; whereas, ALSTOM PURE TORQUE continuously deliv-ers higher gearbox reliability, higher operational availability, and lower main-tenance costs. Alstom | www.alstom.com



wind energy

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Packaged & modular solutions Trachte Global, a division of Trachte, Inc., has successful solutions for power applications, machinery, and utility power transmission and distribution substations. These heavy duty applications require rugged equipment with high duty rat-ings. The design and application team at Trachte understands these stringent requirements. All projects are manufactured in a factory registered to ISO 9001:2008 standards. Strict commitment to a quality management system ensures projects get completed per all specifi cations, as well as all applicable codes and standards. Trachte engineered applications mean less installation time at the job site, and a fully integrated system means less time required for project checkout. All elec-trical systems are integrated in the factory, providing a complete system that is tested and operational upon installation at the site.Trachte Global | www.trachteglobal.com

Wind blade de-icingWith a declared purpose of “unleash-ing the power of ice to benefi t all people,” IceCode, LLC has intro-duced advanced technology invented in the laboratories of ice physicists to instantly de-ice wind blades and, as an added benefi t, also provide light-ning protection. IceCode has a sim-ple, effective, and inexpensive means of instantly eliminating and prevent-ing ice build-up on blades, thereby eliminating downtime from icing while maximizing energy generation and wind farm profi t. IceCode has partnered with Energy Composites Corporation to bring de-icing for wind blades to market. The IceCode technology is based on a highly dis-ruptive, but elegantly simple discov-ery called pulse electro-thermal de-icing. Through its implementation on wind blades, wind energy systems, which now lose signifi cant amounts of energy production and revenue to icing, will be able to recapture both.IceCode, LLC | www.icecode.com

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Submerged arc fl ux for wind tower welding Recognizing the unique demands faced by wind tower manufacturers, Lincoln Electric has introduced Lincol-nweld WTX—a submerged arc fl ux designed to meet the strict requirements of wind tower welding applica-tions. Created for submerged arc welding on wind tower bases and door frames, Lincolnweld WTX provides a number of features including: excellent twin and multi-arc AC and DC operations; low temperature impact properties, making Lincolnweld WTX capable of pro-ducing Charpy V-Notch test results exceeding 20 ft-lbf (27J) at -80°F (-62°C); high-end performance when welding circumferential and longitudinal butt and fi llet welds; as well as, smooth bead profi le, allowing for the achievement of excellent toe angles, tie-in, and bead ap-pearance on interior, and exterior applications alike. For maximum performance, Lincoln Electric recommends Lincolnweld WTX be used with the Lincolnweld L-61 electrode on both longitudinal and circumferential seam welds. The combination of Lincolnweld WTX fl ux and L-61 wire meets the F7A8-EM12K-H8 AWS classifi ca-tion and allows welds to exceed the demanding mechani-cal property requirements specifi ed for cold weather wind tower applications. Lincoln Electric | www.lincolnelectric.com

Fall protection for ladder climbingCapital Safety’s Railok 90 vertical rail system offers users optimal fall protection for ladder climbing applications while maximizing freedom of movement. The system does not restrict foot space on ladder rungs, and offers users complete freedom of movement as users climb. The shuttle operates smoothly along the entire length of the rail, and will not snag or resist the climber’s motion. In the event of a fall, the shuttle locks on the rail, arresting the fall while minimizing fall distances and load forces on the user. The shuttle device employs a revolutionary integrated metallic absorber that restricts fall distances and signifi cantly reduces the forces on the user in the event of a fall. The Railok 90 system is made from high-strength extruded stainless steel or aluminium, and is easily installed without special tools. It is available with a wide range of brackets, providing installation options in many different confi gurations.Capital Safety | www.capitalsafety.com

Flexible coupling maintenanceCENTA Corporation has introduced the latest innovation of the company’s industry standard CENTAFLEX Se-ries A rubber-in-compression fl exible coupling. The newly released “Series AR” Element design incorporates a patented split through one of the axial aluminum inserts, enabling the end-user to quickly install a replace-ment coupling element without the need to disturb the mounting or alignment of the driver and driven components. The patented design wraps radially around existing hubs and bolts in place with existing cou-pling hardware. Available in sizes 025 through 600, the new element allows for simple radial exchange of cou-pling element for any close coupled system, through approximately 2000 HP at 1750 RPM rating—70,800 Lb-in nominal torque. The patented split element further enhances the couplings benefi ts of increased mis-alignment capacity, low bearing/shaft reaction forces, vibration and noise damping, easy installation, and quick and easy maintenance. CENTA Corporation | www.centa.info

Lidar remote wind sensor NRG Systems and Leosphere have announced the introduction of the WINDCUBE v2, the lightest, most compact lidar remote sensor available. Used in site assessment and wind farm performance monitoring, the WINDCUBE v2 collects actual measurements at heights up to 200 meters, mapping the vertical wind component, wind speed and direction, turbulence, and wind shear. Weighing 45kg and meas-uring approximately 55cm square, the WINDCUBE v2 features no internal moving parts, multiple communications options (including satellite), low power requirements (45 watts), and an all-weather enclosure. The quiet, ultra-portable 200m wind profi ler includes ten pro-grammable measurement heights, providing ready to use data. The WINDCUBE v2 is an active remote sensor that operates by emitting a laser pulse through the atmosphere. Along its path, the laser light is backscattered by aerosols in the air and received by an optical sensor in the lidar unit. These signals capture the shift in atmospheric particles, or the absolute wind speed in the lidar line of sight.Leosphere | www.lidarwindtechnologies.com

NRG Systems | www.nrgsystems.com



wind energy

Wireless power solution for turbinesPowerbyProxi Proxi-Ring contactless slip ring provides wireless power and data to pitch control systems in wind turbines. Proxi-Ring solutions make wind turbines more cost-effective by reducing the cost of maintaining and replacing existing mechanical slip rings and their carbon brushes—they also deliver 90% effi ciency, which is on par with most hard-wired power transfer solutions. Two solutions exist to provide wireless electricity to wind turbines across rotary joints. The Proxi-Ring 240 and 750 products are completely wireless alternatives to mechanical slip rings for hydraulically controlled systems. Both of these solutions have been designed to make it easy for wind turbine vendors to incorporate in new turbines or for wind farm operators and maintenance service providers to retrofi t to existing wind turbines. Proxi-Ring wireless power solutions eliminate friction or heating between rotating and stationary circuit contacts that can occur with traditional slip rings. And, unlike conventional slip-ring applications, typical contaminants such as oil or brake dust do not affect their operation. The wireless power solutions are highly corrosion-resistant, waterproof, and compatible with existing power supplies and common communication protocols. PowerbyProxi | www.powerbyproxi.com

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Pressure transmittersControlling the pressure in the critical applications of wind turbines is of great im-portance as accidents can be fatal. The Danfoss range of compact pressure transmit-ters offer reliable, accurate measurement at all times, ensuring that even the slight-est drop or increase in pressure is immediately detected. The MBS 3000 pressure transmitter series has been developed for use in harsh industrial environments and offers reliable and accurate pressure measurement—even during the most violent storms. In systems with harsh medium infl uences like cavitation, liquid hammer, or pressure peaks, the transmitter is available with an integrated pulse snubber for protection.Danfoss | www.danfoss.us/ia

Shaft grounding ring Electro Static Technology’s AEGIS WTG wind turbine grounding ring prevents bearing damage that could otherwise cause generator failure, unplanned downtime, costly repairs, and lost revenues. Maintenance-free, effective at any RPM, and available for any size wind turbine generator, the ring is designed for OEM installation or easy up-tower retrofi t. High-frequency currents induced on the shafts of wind turbine generators can reach levels of 60 amps and 1200 volts or greater. If not diverted, these currents will discharge through the generator’s bearings, but the AEGIS WTG effectively channels them away from the bearings and safely to ground. The WTG is engineered to safely divert up to 120 amps of continuous shaft current at frequencies as high as 13.5 MHz and discharge up to 3000 volts (peak). Ideal for use as part of a preventive maintenance program to protect against premature bearing failures, it can be installed whenever bearings are replaced.Electro Static Technology | www.est-aegis.com


Small wind resource assessmentMeteodyn’s Urbawind is a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) technology software for wind resource assess-ment in urban and industrial areas. This 3D software can be used for every kind of buildings and outdoor spaces to assess the urban wind energy potential. Urbawind provides all wind characteristics needed to optimize small wind turbine location and wind production assessment including wind speed-up factor, wind gust, turbulence intensity, and wind pressure.Meteodyn America | www.meteodyn.com

Online confi guratorA new, online confi gurator from Wie-land reduces connector selection time for its revos industrial multipole con-nectors. In a few simple steps, users can choose from 1,500 individual compo-nents to create their own application specifi c connectors. The software tool guides the user through the selection of male and female inserts, hoods, and housings. This confi gurator makes in-correct confi gurations impossible. Fil-ters are based on technical parameters, for example, the confi gurator fi lters termination technology, pole confi gura-tion, current, voltage, and conductor size. The easy to use software offers detailed views and a bill of material shopping cart. Wieland‘s revos indus-trial multipole connectors are specifi -cally designed for applications in rough environments. Their powder-coated aluminum housings protect connec-tor inserts against wear, dust, rain, and splashing water. The Wieland revos Ba-sic series is approved to UL 50E, Type 1, 4, and 12, to solve the toughest con-nector requirements.Wieland Electric | www.wielandinc.com



Welding cablesElectron Beam Technologies, Inc., a worldwide provider of “Fast ‘N Easy” Bulk electrode accessories, is expanding their product line with the addition of NEMA Class K jacketed welding cables. The EB-fl ex cables are made from bare, bright, stranded copper wires, and jacketed with their proprietary Poly-XL rubber. Poly-XL is specifi cally engineered for the welding environment, such as in the welding of large wind towers, as well as in hand-held welding or MIG/GMAW welding, and is Electron Beam cross linked, providing superior heat and abrasion resistance. A polyester barrier is supplied for ease of jacket removal and termination. Sizes available, at factory direct pricing, are from 6-gage to 4/0 with temperature ratings of -40°C to +105°C and RoHS compliant. Electron Beam Technologies, Inc. | www.electronbeam.com

Insulated medium voltage cableMV Underground Cable, a provider of high-quality overhead and underground power distribution products, has announced its offering of 34.5 kV TRXLP-insu-lated medium voltage cable for applications in the wind power industry. Hendrix, a MV Underground Cable business, manufactures all cable in the US, which is made and tested to ICEA/AEIC Standards and is dry-cure, triple-extruded. The 34.5 kV cable is available in both aluminum and copper conductor. Standard con-ductor sizes ranging from 1/0 through 1250 kcmil in full and reduced concentric neutral confi gurations. Hendrix can accommodate quantity and length changes just prior to manufacturing to adapt to last-minute changes to farm layouts. Hendrix collaborates with customers to develop a fl exible delivery schedule that best meets the client’s project construction schedule. Additionally, the company provides engineering support to assist clients in aligning cable specifi cations with industry standards to ensure they are specifying the optimal product for their specifi c application. Hendrix / Kerite – MV Underground Cable | www.hendrix-wc.com

Three-layer co-extrusion technology conduitsPMA has announced the next major step in the development of innovative ca-ble protection products with the brand new PMAFLEX Pro series. This series is based upon Advanced Co-Extrusion Technology, allowing the manufacture of three-layer corrugated conduits, combining the best characteristics of differ-ent materials on inner, middle, and outer layers to reach previously unattained performance levels. The possibilities of the technology are endless, and features include: advanced multi-layer extrusion technology; a combination of different materials for previously unattained performance levels; excellent resistance to ultra-violet rays and atmospheric corrosion resulting in excellent weathering and fatigue resistance; an ideal conduit for external dynamic applications; excellent compression strength and high-impact resistance; excellent cold temperature per-formance and a long life cycle; as well as, compatibility with all PMA fi ttings and accessories. Available in NW17 (1/2") to NW48 (2") sizes in coarse profi le.PMA USA | www.pma-usa.org

wind energy

Booth 7067

John Skibinski, [email protected]+1 (412) 478-4792

PV Solar Collection

1 MW Power Inversion Station

MV Substation & Switchyard

Bob Thomson, [email protected]+1 (303) 912-3399

Engineering Services

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Transformer & Oil Services

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BBooth 7067

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PV Solar CollectionCombiner Box Solutions withString Monitoring & Surveillance,Integrated Tracking Controls, andEquipment Installation & Start-Up

1 MW Power Inversion StationPre-Configured Systems withCombiner Box Communications,Multiple DC Disconnect Options,Dual Redundant 500 kW Inverters,Fanless Liquid Cooled Systems,Utility SCADA Systems Integration,MV Step-Up Transformer, andStation Deployment & Start-Up

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Engineering ServicesShort Circuit and Arc Flash Studies

Power Factor StudiesHarmonic & Power Quality AnalysisLoad Flow Studies and Surveys

Field Testing ServicesHV & MV Substation TestingLV Equipment Testing

Partial Discharge & Corona ScanInfrared Thermographic SurveyOn-Site Switchgear RepairsHV, MV and LV Breaker TestingOil and SF6 Gas Breaker TestingAC and DC Hi-Potential TestingRelay and Meter CalibrationCable and Fault LocatingControl System TestingEMI/EMC Measurement

Transformer & Oil ServicesOil Processing, Testing and AnalysisOil Filtration and ReconditioningTransformer Testing and RepairOil and SF6 Gas ReclamationSF 6 Gas and Vacuum FillingHV Circuit Breaker AssemblyTransformer Assembly

Repair & Refurbish ServicesBreaker Repair and RetrofitVacuum Refit of MV BreakersSwitchgear & Control PanelsModify Aux Control Schemes

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PV Solar Collection

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Fastener locking systems Bryce Fastener, Inc. offers a security fastener called “Key Rex” with up to 16 million key combinations. Each customer receives an Exclusive Security Fastener. The keyway is built right into the screw head and is licensed and private for each user. Millions of exclusive keyways mean lock security, repelling all security bit tips and vice grips. Today’s renewable energy solutions, such as solar panels and wind turbines, require a signifi cant investment. Equally signifi cant security measures need to be taken to protect those investments. Bryce Fastener, Inc. has spent years of research and development to make one of the most secure fastener locking systems available on the market today.Bryce Fastener, Inc.www.brycefastener.com

Level 3, Booth 9848

Pluggable SPD Ferraz Shawmut’s new Surge-Trap Pluggable Surge Protective Device (SPD) meets requirements for both UL 1449 Third Edition and IEC 61643 standards. The Surge-Trap Pluggable SPD plays a critical role in helping to protect people and equipment from harmful transients. It is especially important within industries such solar power and wind power where overvoltage problems caused by internal and external power disturbances are common. Like its modular predecessor, the pluggable SPD features TPMOV technology and is a “no-fuse” SPD that doesn’t require the use of additional overcurrent protection. It also offers IP-20 grade “fi nger-safe” protection, and mounts easily on a DIN-rail to safeguard critical electrical system components from the harm-ful effects of transient overvoltages. The Surge-Trap Pluggable SPD product line fur-ther offers plugs with various voltage confi gurations that are easily replaceable upon failure without touching the base or the hassle of rewiring. The SPD’s features include a visual indicator, easy installation, fail-safe design, mechanical coding, and remote monitoring. Photovoltaic confi gurations are also available.Ferraz Shawmut | http://us.ferrazshawmut.com

Level 1, Booth 7463

Adhesive & sealant technologiesWith more than 100 years of experience in sealing glass-to-glass substrates, ADCO is an ideal partner for manufacturers of solar panels. They currently hold technology and sales leadership positions in primary and secondary adhesive and sealant technologies proven to perform at a very high level in state-of-the-art PV modules. Based on innovative chemistry, such as polyisobutylene (PIB), ADCO photovoltaic sealants outperform all other commercially available technologies in standardized damp heat testing at 85°C/85% RH, over 1,000 hours and beyond. ADCO also produces more than 50 distinct sealer, adhesive, and primer products with application in so-lar modules. They’re committed to all of the bonding and sealing technolo-gies that enable the solar industry to produce products in a complex manu-facturing environment at “line speeds” that, one day, will rival the modern electronics industry. ADCO | www.adcocorp.com

Level 2, Booth 8140

Intersolar North AmericaJuly 13th to 15th, 2010 • Moscone Center, West Hall—San Francisco, California www.intersolar.usIntersolar North America promotes the development of business opportunities throughout the US solar industry. Co-located with SEMICON West, Intersolar focuses on photovoltaics and solar thermal technology, and has quickly established itself among manufacturers, suppliers, wholesalers, and service providers as a vital international industry meeting point. About 550 US-based and international exhibitors, plus 20,000 trade visitors, are expected. The conference, taking place at the InterContinental Hotel, features over 30 tracks and 150-plus speakers for the 1,600 expected attendees.

Show in PrintFeatures just some of the companies and technologies attendees will see at this year’s show.


because...

Tell us why you PV at www.iheartpv.com

Win a trip for two to Germany!See website for contest rules.

it is so sexy!Elmar Niewerth, CEO,

Session Solar

I don’t have to feel guilty about making toast in the morning.

Tor Valenza aka “Solar Fred,” UnThink Solar

smart, clean energy is hot… like the sun.

Heather Andrews Bias, PV installer/PV theory instructor with IBEW

#357, Las Vegas

when my neighbor gets jealous and one ups me with a bigger system, she does everyone a favor.

Ian Karleff, CEO, AS Solar Inc.

it helps put people back to work!Chuck Rames, Program

Director - Renewable Energy Di-vision, Boots on the Roof

it reminds me of my best friend: Dependable, adaptable, and full of sunshine.

Stephen Lacey, Editor, RenewableEnergyWorld.com

it is empowering.Yousri Abdou, CEO, Aten Solar Corp.

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Solar energy measurementTo maximize the effectiveness of a solar energy system, it is important to know how it’s performing. The Kipp & Zonen CMP pyranometers accurately measure the solar radia-tion available to a system in real time. Comparing this with the power gen-erated allows users to calculate the effi ciency of the system. A drop in effi ciency indicates ageing, a fault, or the need for cleaning, allowing for the scheduling of preventive maintenance and the monitoring of a return on investment. The CMP pyranometers fulfi ll the requirements of IEC 61215 and IEC 60904-X for the accurate measurement of irradiance for pho-tovoltaic and thermal solar devices. Globally, test laboratories use Kipp & Zonen pyranometers as reference in-struments to test and certify PV cells for power plant projects.Kipp & Zonen USA Inc.www.kippzonen.com

Level 3, Booth 9250

Black frame & back sheet crystalline solar modulesET Solar Group Corp. announced it has received approval and listing from the California Energy Commission (CEC) for its new line of black frame and black back sheet crystal-line solar modules for the North American markets (includ-ing both US and Canada). The product line includes both monocrystalline and multicrystalline modules. The black monocrystalline ET-M572B series modules are made with a black anodized aluminum frame and black triple-layer back-

sheet. Available in power ratings of 175/180/185 watts with conversion effi ciencies of up to 14.5%, they are encapsulated with 72 fi ve-inch, high-effi ciency monocrys-talline solar cells. The black multicrystalline ET-P654B, ET-P660B, and ET-P672B series modules are made with a black anodized frame and black backsheet or white backsheet. They are encapsulated with 54, 60, and 72 six-inch multicrystalline cells, respectively. Their power ratings range from 200/205/210 watt, 220/225/230 watt, and 270/275/280 watt with conversion effi ciencies up to 14.4%. The ET-M572B and ET-P660B series are compatible with micro-inverter technology, which is growing in acceptance in the North American markets. The new black modules are targeted at applications where aesthetic appeal is a concern in the system design, particularly in the residential solar market. ET Solar Group Corp. | www.etsolar.com

Level 1, Booth 7141

Advanced PV cleaning solutionsFoamtec International WCC has de-veloped a range of advanced cleaning solutions that give photovoltaic manu-facturers the opportunity to safely remove silicon shards from screens and effi ciently clean critical vacuum chambers (LPCVD, APCVD…) in a timely manner. This proven technique is widely used in the micro-electronic industry, and gives PV manufactur-ers an opportunity to take advantage of improving tool uptime by using a superior PM technique. Successfully remove silicon shards from clogged screens, completely remove deposition to prevent fl aking, and reduce out gas-sing and vacuum chamber recovery.Foamtec International WCC www.foamtecintlwcc.com

Level 2, Booth 8238

DC power management technologyeIQ Energy’s vBoost DC-to-DC converter module increases system energy harvest and enables solar panels to be connected in parallel, rather than in series. This reduces overall system cost and provides benefi ts for designers, installers, and opera-tors. vBoost’s advanced DC power management technology allows over 100 thin-fi lm panels to be linked on a single cable—a 20-fold improvement over conventional string architecture. With distributed MPPT built in, vBoost-equipped systems can also harvest 5% to 30% more energy than conventional installations. Additionally, the Parallux system collects and reports detailed data on panel performance with no extra wiring, providing excellent operational visibility and reduced risk for system owners as long-term performance of each system component can be monitored and assured. eIQ Energy | www.eiqenergy.com

Level 1, Booth 7353

intersolar north america show in print


PV Powered, the innovation leader of grid-tied solar inverters, introduces the PowerVault, a utility-scale 1MW turn-key power conversion solution with DC inputs on one side and medium voltage outputs on the other.

The integrated design is fully engineered and factory assembled, significantly reducing the need for field labor, saving money and accelerating the construction schedule. Inverters are the intelligent interface between distributed photovoltaic systems and the smartgrid. PV Powered is leading the industry in dynamic two-way communication providing utilities with awareness and control, and is setting the bar for inverter reliability and performance, while dramatically lowering the lifetime cost of ownership. And with the industry’s first standard 10-year warranty and optional 20-year warranty, choosing PV Powered is … simple.

541-312-3832 | [email protected] | www.pvpowered.com

MEDIUM VOLTAGE PLATFORM FOR

MW-SCALE PROJECTS

1040kW PowerVault

75kW 100kW 260kW



Heat pump water heaterThe new Accelera 300 reduces hot water costs up to 80%. The new concept Accelera 300 works like an air conditioner but, instead of dump-ing the heat outdoors, it puts it into the 80-gallon tank of water. The beauty of heat pump water heating technology is that electrical energy needed to create hot water is greatly reduced compared to a conventional electric tank type water heater. The Accelera 300 can extract up to 80% of its energy requirements from the energy in the air around it; plus, its compressor and fan consume only 1kWh of electricity to gener-ate the heat equivalent of 3kWh to 5kWh. The Accelera 300 is Energy Star certifi ed, and there is a 10-year warranty on all Stiebel Eltron Ac-celera 300 heat pump water heaters. Stiebel Eltron | www.stiebel-eltron-usa.com

Level 1, Booth 7415

Grid-tied residential PV systems CENTROSOLAR is now expanding its CentroPack line with its new range of 225W and 230W E Series PV modules, engineered with a black anodized frame that is aesthetically more pleasing for residential rooftop installations. CentroPack grid-tied systems provide installers a superior PV packaged option, complete with CENTROSOLAR branded PV panels, best-in-class mounting systems, inverters, and all Balance of System (BOS) electrical or mechanical components. CENTROSOLAR offers many system packages tailored to suit every roof type, designed in accordance with NEC and building code standards, suitable for residential, as well as small commercial applications. CentroPack systems are pre-packaged and engineered for superior performance, eliminating second sourcing for long lead and specialty components.

Offering one of the most complete systems on the market, the permit-friendly package includes site plan, PV and roof structural drawings, all electrical line drawings, as well as engineering calculations and an installation and owners’ manual. This helps new installer partners reduce lead time as they do not have to worry about sourcing or engineering delays. CENTROSOLAR America Inc.www.centrosolaramerica.com

Level 1, Booth 7211




Solar cell coating materialsThin-fi lms deposited by PLANSEE coating materials are highly refl ective, very conductive, and are able to signifi cantly increase the effectiveness of solar cells. In addition to sputtering targets made of pure molybdenum and tungsten, PLANSEE also offers molyb-denum alloys, chromium, and materials for absorber layers. More than 120 scientists, experienced technicians, and modern facilities make the most out of the thin-fi lm materials. The advantage for the users: long lifetime because of an optimum layer adhesion on the substrate; high deposition rates through maximum density and a homogeneous microstructure; high effi ciency due to good elec-trical conductivity and high purity; and, homogenous deposition rates through an optimized microstructure. PLANSEE has a fully integrated production chain from the processing of raw materials to the fi nal product, including research and development.PLANSEE | www.plansee.com

Level 3, Booth 9439

Modular controller for PV installationsThe renewable energy market is growing worldwide. To satisfy this rising demand for green technologies, Carlo Gavazzi has expanded its energy management portfolio with the addition of the EOS-Array, a unique, modular controller for solar PV installations. The EOS-Array is a combination of modules that perform the complete control of a PV plant. It is also extremely expandable. The core unit is the VMU-M, which performs the local bus management of the measuring units including the VMU-S and the VMU-P, as well as the I/O unit—the VMU-O. The VMU-M assigns the proper local unit address automatically, and gathers all the local measurements coming from VMU-S and VMU-P. The VMU-M can provide, by means of VMU-O modules, two relay outputs to manage alarms and/or external loads (such as a lighting system, a PV washing system, etc.) and two PV panel temperature inputs. The VMU-S is the DC power measuring unit (generated by PV panel), which features a built-in fuse holder. The VMU-P collects relevant environmental data (through external sensors) such as wind speed, air temperature, and sun irradiation. Carlo Gavazzi www.gavazzionline.com

Level 1, Booth 7251

R

Bright Thinking in Solar



Solar trackerTITAN TRACKER is a valid solu-tion to be applied in all solar markets requiring dual-axis trackers—not only for conventional PV, but also for con-centrating (CPV) and CSP Stirling and Tower. TITAN TRACKER ex-ceeds other solar trackers performance (based on mounted-pole systems) with relevant advantages in terms of: reliability, energy yield, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. As reliable as fi xed structure, TITAN TRACKER offers: independence between structure and driving; fi ve support structures; pri-marily cold-formed profi les; minimum welding parts; no hydraulics; no bend-ing moments; plus, more than 99.5% availability. TITAN TRACKER is a patented technology; claims in terms of novelty, inventive step, and indus-trial applicability have been awarded by the rigorous European Patent Of-fi ce (EPO).TITAN TRACKER | www.titantracker.es

Level 1, Booth 7458

Transportation & logistics providerDB Schenker is a global transportation and logistics provider offering solutions to the solar industry. Their company is known for their expertise in transporting high-value, oversized, and highly sensitive tools and capital equipment to solar wafer or panel fabrication plants, as well as for shipping raw materials and components into the fabs and moving the fi nished goods to their fi nal destination. Whether it’s silicon, inverters, wafers, glass, fi nished solar panels, or mounting systems, Schen-ker has logistics solutions in all regions of the world. Their experience includes warehousing and distribution services of fi nished panels to re-sellers, installers, job sites, and utility scale project locations, and service is supported by a dedicated team of logistics professionals handling only solar-related material. DB Schenker www.dbschenkerusa.com/

specialservices/solarservices

Level 3, Booth 9426

Operational intelligence & equipment integration softwareCamstar introduces SolarSuite 4.5, the key to unlocking grid parity. Con-fi gured on the Camstar Enterprise Platform, SolarSuite encompasses manufacturing execution, quality man-agement, process planning, operational intelligence, and equipment integra-tion—all in a closed-loop learning process that allows users to bring inno-vative technology to the market sooner with higher product quality and leaner operations. That means a lower cost per watt for technology and acceler-ated grid parity. SolarSuite customers have experienced 38% increases in conversion effi ciency, a 22% reduction in cost/wp, as well as $2.0 million per site reduction in operating costs. Camstarwww.camstar.com/industries/solar.aspx

Level 2, Booth 8551


PV vacuum pumps, leak detectors & gaugesAlcatel Vacuum Products, Inc. supplies vacuum pumps, helium leak detectors, and gauges to the photovoltaic in-dustry. Their PV products have been developed in conjunction with their semiconductor installed base and ex-perience, and are sold under the Adix-en brand name. Helium leak detectors offer a rapid helium response time to ensure accuracy on the fi rst test. The dry pumps meet high pumping capac-ity challenges with a wide range of packages for large volume load locks and high fl ow process module. Their Mag Lev turbos provide application solutions with the essential pumping speed requirements combined with high gas throughput. And, Alcatel’s vacuum gauges cover a wide spectrum of PV monitoring needs with prirani, ion, and capacitance gauges.Alcatel Vacuum Products, Inc.www.adixen-usa.com

Level 2, Booth 8329



Fabricated screens for solar cell printingSefar Inc. has over 40 years of combined experience and technical expertise for supplying stretched, coated, and exposed customer-specifi c screens to the photovoltaic industry. Sefar can create repeatable precision stencils according to individual requirements using premium ISO 9001 processes. Sefar is proud to exhibit these certifi ed screen making capabilities, as well as high-resolution artwork generation services that can help expedite and improve the quality of the production processes. In addition, Sefar will be showing the high-performance Stay-Sharp Solar squeegees from Zatec.Sefar Inc. | www.sefar.us

Level 1, Booth 7029

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Commercial inverters PV Powered announces the upcoming availability of two new commercial in-verters rated at 35kW and 50kW. The PVP35kW and PVP50kW are designed for ease of installation and maintenance with features such as front-access service, bottom and side AC/DC cable entry, large cable bending area, a wide range of fus-ing options, load-break rated AC and DC service disconnects, and fast-change circuit board card cage. The inverters offer an ex-ceptionally robust operating window with the ability to deliver full power at 50º C at 295 VDC input. The new products’ clean and simple design features low component count and the company’s innovative Smart Air Management system, which together provide the foundation for high reliability and long life. The 35kW boasts a 96.6% estimated peak effi ciency while the 50kW has a 97.1% estimated peak effi ciency. PV Powered offers industry leading lead times of six weeks and all commercial inverters feature a standard 10-year nationwide war-ranty with an optional 20-year warranty.PV Powered | www.pvpowered.com

Level 1, Booth 7265

Support beam for roof-mounted systemsSchletter, Inc. announced they will begin using a new KlickTop support beam, termed FlexConsole, as a standard com-ponent on their WindSafe ballasted roof mounting system. The WindSafe is the ballasted or minimally attached commer-cial fl at roof racking system, which in-cludes a rear wind defl ector to minimize wind uplift and down pressure loads. This technical advance in design will increase the pre-assembly from a manufactur-ing standpoint by roughly 80%, without increasing costs and, in addition, will decrease the installation time in the fi eld by almost 50%. The KlickTop compo-nent utilized with the FlexConsole is a top-down assembly solution, which only requires an Allen wrench to tighten the module support beam to the cross-rails. Therefore, there are no additional com-ponents (nuts, bolts, clamps) required, which eases overall installation time and avoids access issues at all different mod-ule tilt angles.Schletter Inc. | www.schletter.us

Level 1, Booth 7647



Solar locking collar An accessory for the SOLARLOK brand of solar cable connectors, Tyco Electron-ics new locking collar, can be applied onto mated connectors to prevent inadvertent or accidental unmating. The collar locks over the mated connection to prevent access to the release mechanism of the mated connectors. The product allows tooled extraction, requiring only a screw-driver to be inserted into a slot in the col-lar for release. The locking collar will be required in any accessible PV location in the US where mated cable connectors are exposed—including wire-to-wire applica-tions and wire-to-junction box applica-tions where connectorized boxes are used. The locking collars meet the recommen-dations of the 2008 National Electrical Code (NEC), section 609, for positive-locking protection with tooled extrac-tion. The use of a screwdriver eliminates the need for special tools and training. SOLARLOK’s new latch locking collar enhances safety and reliability by allowing connectors to be disconnected only after the collar has been released.Tyco Electronicswww.tycoelectronics.com/solar

Level 1, Booth 7962

Azimuth & elevation absolute encoderUS Digital’s latest release is the HBA4 absolute, blind hollow bore shaft encoder. HBA4 absolute encoders are used as azi-muth and elevation position sensors in two axes tracking systems, commonly used in solar applications. The single turn en-coder provides 16-bits of resolution over 360° of shaft rotation, and is available with a 12mm or 0.500" diameter bore size with either a ball bearing or sleeve bushing bearing assembly. The HBA4 slips over a shaft and is locked in place with a non-marring clamp mount. A fl exible anti-ro-tation tether provides single point mount-ing for bolt circles ranging from 2.50" up to 5.00" in diameter, and compensates for shaft run out. The HBA4 communicates serially to a host via the industry standard RS485 bus and is sealed to an IP66 rating. US Digital | www.usdigital.com

Level 1, Booth 7952

Recycling programs for PV manufacturingpv recycling, llc develops and manages international recycling programs for pho-tovoltaic manufacturing scrap and end-of-life modules. Taking a fully integrated approach, they understand pre-funded fi nancing mechanisms, waste management issues, transport logistics, recycling technologies, and the need for a cradle to cra-dle approach. As advocacy groups promote manufacturers who are environmen-tally responsible, consumers are becoming more aware of their purchasing options. Manufacturers are taking notice and understand how having a truly sustainable industry can also increase their market share. pv recycling, llc | http://pvrecycling.com

Level 2, Booth 8958

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Supply & Return lines for solar thermal water systemsOmegaFlex introduces Solar-Trac fl exible supply and return lines for solar thermal water systems. This new system provides the highest level of quality for tomorrow’s energy. Solar-Trac is available in both insulated and un-insulated versions, adaptable to most solar thermal installation confi gurations. Solar-Trac Piping benefi ts include: T316L Stainless Steel; available sizes from 3/8" to 2"; tubing bends by hand; routes easily around obstacles; cuts using standard tubing cutter; special lengths available; Solar Flare fi ttings benefi ts include: self-fl aring; no special tools; reliable metal-to-metal sealing surface; and, no gaskets or rub-ber washers. Solar-Trac by OmegaFlex | www.solar-trac.net

Level 1, Booth 7815

Solar cell manufacturingPall Corporation offers products de-signed to help increase yield and reduce reworking times in solar cell manufac-turing. Purifi cation of the process gases utilized in solar cell production has become critical to enhancing yields and conversion effi ciency. Pall will feature two new media for its Gaskleen puri-fi er assemblies. The AresKleen HCLP media is highly effective in removing trace moisture down to < 15 parts per billion (ppb) levels from HCl gas used in the formation of trichlorosilane, a key ingredient in the production of polysilicon. Silane, also involved in mak-ing polysilicon, as well as amorphous silicon PV cells, frequently contains trace siloxane and moisture. AresKleen SIP medium reduces these detrimental contaminants to sub-ppb levels. All Pall purifi ers have integrated, highly ef-fi cient particle fi lters. Pall also offers a fully automatic Water Reclaim System for recovering over 90% of deionized water used during silicon ingot shaping. The system effi ciently and economically removes the resultant silicon fi nes with-out the need for chemical additives, pro-viding essentially particle-free water for cost-effective recycling. A major sup-plier of shaping and grinding tools for the solar industry highly recommends this reclaim system.Pall Corporation | www.pall.com

Level 2, Booth 8326



Pluggable DC solar connectors With 100 years of interconnect experi-ence, Wieland manufactures pluggable connector components for the DC side of solar energy systems. Their ETL cer-tifi ed PST 40i1 connector family, rated to 40A DC, provides pluggable connec-tions to most solar PV modules and over extended cable runs. Ingress protection to IP 68 ensures safe operation in harsh environments. Wieland’s PST 40i1 con-nectors meet UL & CSA standards. Their PST 40i1 connector series now features a panel mount version in addi-tion to the fi eld-assembled connectors. All connectors feature mate compat-ibility with industry standard types. Pre-assembled, cut-to-length, over-molded cable assemblies, are delivered ready to install. Connector resistance, typically below 1 milliohm, minimizes power losses. NEC code requires a tool to dis-connect the PV connection. On the PST 40i1, a safety clip is inserted into the mated connectors to prevent an inad-vertent disconnect. To remove the safety clip, a screwdriver is used, eliminating the need for a proprietary tool.Wieland Electric Inc.www.wielandinc.com

Level 1, Booth 7635

PV structural solutionISYS Roof Mount is a versatile PV structural solution that requires zero fi eld fabrication. In terms of time and cost effi ciency, ISYS Roof Mount offers outstanding value. The ISYS Roof Mount also has 30% fewer parts than competitive systems, ensuring quick set-up with consistent and re-peatable installation steps. The con-fi gurable design accommodates 0° to 30° module tilt and enables customers to maximize their project’s power production. ISYS Roof Mount utilizes Unirac’s patented I-beam components that demonstrate superior strength-to-weight ratio to withstand the de-manding wind. ISYS Roof Mount is backed by Unirac’s new Commercial and Utility Group, a support team dedicated to supplying a complete suite of services that ensure every pro-ject installs fl awlessly. Personalized for each customer, these services include engineering and structural design, on-site installer training, delivery logis-tics, and fi eld support.Unirac | www.unirac.com

Level 1, Booth 7659

Monocrystalline module for residential or commercial rooftopsFluitecnik’s 240 Watt Monocrystalline module is constructed using 10 strings of six monocrystalline cells, and is available in either the standard white back sheet with a silver aluminum frame—or, for the esthetically conscious customer, available with a black back sheet and black alu-minum frame. The black back sheet and black frame combination allows for an in-tegrated look for residential or commer-cial rooftop projects. All of Fluitecnik’s PV modules are UL 1703, IEC 61730, IEC 61215, IEC 61730, and CEC (Cali-fornia) certified. Fluitecnik has applied for and expects to have FSEC (Florida) certification in the coming months. Fluitecnik | www.fluitecnik.com

Level 2, Booth 8503

Higher effi ciency monocrystalline cellsWith its latest ‘Quad Max’ technology, Trina Solar developed high-effi ciency, square-shaped monocrystalline cells. Built into the modules, Quad Max cells will boost module power output by up to 8%. Leveraging its vertically integrat-ed business model, Trina Solar devel-oped the Quad Max with new, innova-tive manufacturing processes and a pro-prietary, state-of-the-art metallization and passivation technique that yields enhanced cell conversion effi ciencies of up to 18.8%. The Quad Max’s square shape allows the cell to harvest more sunlight and avoids the loss of surface area typical of conventional octagonal monocrystalline cells. The fi ve-inch cells are standard in size and a typical 72-cell module will provide power outputs of 200W and above. Trina Solar | www.trinasolar.com

Level 2, Booth 8623

2 45

2 4

3

1

DS60PV

DS50PVV

DS50PVDS50PV

DS

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M200

1 AC Distribution Panel

2 Inverter AC Output

Inverter DC Input4

PV Array Combiner 5

3 Data/Signal Lines

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Copper-gallium rotary sputtering targetIndium Corporation features its newly developed copper-gallium (Cu/Ga) rotary sputtering target. The targets are made by Indium Corporation’s vertically integrated proprietary process utilizing aerospace powder metallurgy technology. The production process output results in a consistently homogeneous alloy, with low contaminate levels and consistent density throughout the target. The targets can be produced in chemistry ranges from 50% to 80% Cu atomic weight, with Ga making up the balance of the alloy. They are produced as a monolithic material, bonded onto the backing tube during Indium Corporation’s unique hybrid consolidation process.Indium Corporationwww.indium.com/solar

Level 2, Booth 8451



EXCELLENCEBY DESIGN®

CALL 1 (888) 878-8750 TO FIND OUT MORE, OR GO ONLINEHeliodyne, Inc. • 4910 Seaport Avenue • Richmond, CA 94804

T: 1.888.878.8750 or 510.237.9614 • F: 510.237.7018Information & Support: [email protected]

Sales Inquiries: [email protected]

Residential & small commercial PV system designIt is possible to boost sales, saving money and time, with PV*SOL express with Photo Plan. Quickly and accurately design residential and small commercial systems up to 100kW peak. Automatically select inverters, confi gure strings, determine wire sizes, and analyze basic project fi nancials. Additionally, with a digital photo of the house or building, which showcases the roof, use the integrated Photo Plan tool to determine the roof’s dimensions, obstructions, and the pitch—then design the PV system and overlay the modules back onto the picture. Now, clients can see their future system on their roof. This allows users to fo-cus on sales and design, rather than climb on a roof to create their quote.Valentin Software, Inc. | www.valentin-software.com

Level 1, Booth 7426

Project acquisition & fi nancingGreenpower Capital has partnerships with several institutional investors that represent a combined $30 billion in funds earmarked for solar and wind renewable energy projects. Their Early-stage Developer Buyout Program can pay a 3% to 6% developer fee upfront, depending on the project economics—the developer can stay in the project or opt out. Project requirements: 1 MW minimum; power purchase agreement executed; site control; and, viable proforma. Approval and closing time is approximately 30 to 60 days. Greenpow-er Capital’s Equity and Debt Finance Programs can provide a developer with equity investment or debt fi nancing. The Full Project Acquisition Programs are designed to purchase completed projects—the investor will contract for purchase prior or after construction. For pre-construction commitments, 100% of construction funds can be advanced in most cases, with fi nal take-out purchase at COD. Project should be shovel-ready with requirements similar to the Early-stage Buyout, as well as interconnect agreement, system design, EPC contract, and the necessary approvals.Greenpower Capitalwww.greenpowercap.com

Level 3, Booth 9924

Turnkey manufacturing & recycling solutionsIn the photovoltaic industry, Linde sup-plies gases, chemicals, and innovative technologies to more than half of the major manufacturers worldwide. Con-sistently improving on all aspects of the supply chain, providing turnkey solu-tions for all sizes of fab, Linde is help-ing to reduce materials consumption, increase throughput and improve the ef-fi ciency of solar cells. Their sustainable processes have won industry awards, and they are continuing to develop new processes for recycling and greener manufacturing. Linde Electronicswww.linde.com/electronics

Level 2, Booth 8129



Combined PV heat & powerThe WIOSUN PV-Therm CHP (Combined Heat and Power) repre-sents a leap forward in the evolution of solar energy. This new solar mod-ule captures and uses more of the sun’s energy than a basic solar elec-tric panel. Solarzentrum’s WIOSUN PV-Therm CHP unites the advan-tage of a conventional solar PV panel and a solar thermal collector in one single component. The thermal wa-ter/fl uid circulation on the back side of the solar cells ensures maximum photovoltaic current yields by coun-teracting the sharp fall of voltage and the signifi cant loss of power when crystalline PV panels faced with high solar cell temperatures. In addition to producing electricity, the module will not only provide hot water (one of the biggest energy usages in most homes and businesses), but it also will heat a pool, spa, and home. As a re-sult, the WIOSUN PV-Therm CHP can satisfy all hot water and energy needs and, regardless of what hap-pens to future energy prices, the cost of energy generated by this system remains stable.Solarzentrum North America, Inc.www.szna-usa.com

Level 1, Booth 7822


Fully integrated solar carportBaja Construction introduces a new concept in PV systems for the com-mercial market—a fully integrated solar carport that utilizes Baja’s Solar Support System to carry PV modules, producing clean energy to power America’s businesses and the emerg-ing electric vehicle market. Baja’s solar carport is a specifi cally engi-neered shade structure built right on a customer’s parking lot. It can be used as the sole PV solution or as a sup-plement to a rooftop PV solution. It differentiates itself from rooftop solar installations in that it has the second-ary benefi t of shaded parking, which may be a recognizable revenue source. Baja Construction www.bajacarports.com

Level 1, Booth 7863

Rectangular vacuum valvesAs applications for Rectangular Gate Valves keep getting larger, Kurt J Lesker (KJLC) is meeting the demand for the wider rectangular valve open-ings commonly used for semiconduc-tor processing, solar panels, LCD/fl at panels, and other vacuum coating applications. Their new valves are rated up to two million cycles. and available with 200mm through 2,000mm open-ings. These KJLC rectangular valves are proven ideal for vacuum applica-tions that require large valve openings. KJLC valves feature mechanical locking so that at the end of blade travel dur-ing valve closure, the valve locks into position. The benefi t of this design is that any back pressure on the gate will not affect sealing properties. The com-pany’s sturdy design has a proven track record of having a greater ability to handle back pressure—between 15% to 30% greater than competitor products. Also, upon loss of operating air pres-sure, these valves remain shut, which is a more reliable design feature compared to those that use check valves in the air-supply line. These KJLC rectangular gate valves are engineered from over 10 years of experience in semiconductor equipment vacuum valve repair. KJLC | www.lesker.com

Level 2, Booth 8139

Solar light converterGeosis Corporation presents its latest innovation in solar lighting technol-ogy, the Yosemite Series Solar Light Converter. The unique Yosemite fi xture can convert an existing lamp post into a reliable and effi cient solar light. The fi xture can be mounted onto any 3" di-ameter post with minimal assembly and still retain its original fi xture. The 15W solar panel can be adjusted to different angles for maximum sunlight exposure. This fi xture comes with a 3W Sunmia LED bulb and the newest technology Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) rechargeable battery with longer lifecy-cles and faster recharge times. Designed and assembled in the US, the Yosemite Solar Light is trusted for residential, commercial, and industrial applications.Geosis Corporationwww.sunmia.com

Level 1, Booth 7150

Utility scale PV power harvesting & management Satcon Technology Corporation re-cently announced the fi rst commercial deployment of their Solstice, the indus-try’s fi rst complete power harvesting and management solution for utility class solar PV power plants. The 425 kW rooftop installation will supply power to Alpha Grainger Manufacturing’s Franklin, Massachusetts facility, and was developed by Broadway Electrical. Introduced in late 2009, Satcon Solstice delivers fi ne-grained power harvesting and control with advanced utility ready grid interconnection. With peak ef-fi ciencies above 98% and a proprietary two-stage DC architecture, its unique design boosts total power production by 5% to 12% over designs using standard inverters, while simultaneously reducing overall system material costs by 20% to 25%. Satcon Solstice is now available worldwide. Satcon Technology Corporation www.satcon.com/pv_inverters/solstice.html

Level 1, Booth 7147



Bavarian cluster energy technology Almost 4 GWp of Germany’s 9 GWp PV capacities have been realized in Bavaria, most of it by Bavarian companies. The Bavarian so-lar industry possesses excellent expertise concerning the planning and constructing of solar power plants. In Bavaria, classical rooftop systems, Building-integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), and large-scale open-space systems equally abound. The necessary substructures have been developed over recent years and excel by fast installation, high-quality, and functional safety. Substructures for open-space systems can bear module sizes of more than fi ve-square meters and are installed quickly and safely using construction robots. Apart from electricity production, BIPV also has to offer supplementary functions such as rain protection, privacy shield, sound, as well as thermal insulation. Active cooling systems for PV modules contribute to increased effi ciency. The Cluster Energy Technology collabo-rates with solar companies along the value chain, as well as scientifi c institutes to drive innovations and bring them fast to the market. Bayern Innovativ GmbH/Cluster Energietechnik | www.bayern-innovativ.de

Level 1, Booth 7635

PV application testingThe new SOLAR I-V is ideal for PV system installers and O&M contractors alike. Whether the PV testing applica-tion requires I-V curve trace validation on a single module or entire string (to 1000 VDC / 10A), verification of in-verter efficiency, or general AC power quality monitoring, the SOLAR I-V fulfils multiple testing rolls within a single field portable package. Supplied standard with a dual-channel mono/ploy PV reference cell, the SOLAR I-V con-volves the resistive loaded module/string voltage and current data against the STC normalized reference cell irradiance data to the manufacturer’s published module specifications to determine module/string I-V curve performance. As an AC power quality analyzer, the SOLAR I-V is cable of measuring AC TRMS voltage and current, line frequency, AC active power, and more. The included TopView software package makes data retrieval and report generation a snap. HuksefluxUSA, Inc. | www.huksefluxusa.com

Level 1, Booth 7153

TSM – DA80

Our most powerful cell technology to date, the Quad Max TSM – DA80 is ideal for residential systems. The square-shaped, monocrystalline cells have conversions efficiencies of up to 18.8%. Sleek and compact, the Quad Max makes the most of limited space. Once again, Trina Solar gives you the best $/kWh. For more information, visit www.trinasolar.com.

More Power. Less Space.

PV backing fi lms, solar simulators & cell testersChristopher Associates introduces pho-tovoltaic backing fi lms from Jolywood (Suzhou) Solar Materials Technology Co. Ltd. Jolywood’s new range of FFC/PET/FFC fi lms offers high-performance at a lower long-term cost than most materials available on the market today. The company also announces solar simulators (DLSK-SOL5A), cell test-ers (DLSK-FXJ5) and AAA module test systems from Beijing Precision. Addi-tionally, rail and frame bonding sealants, PV tabbing and stringing ribbons, PV metallization pastes, junction boxes used in PV applications, and new module lamination technologies are available.Christopher Associateswww.christopherweb.com

Level 3, Booth 9247



Site evaluation just got easier. The new SunEye 210.One-handed operation makes your shade measurements a snap. Preview mode shows the sun path overlay adjusted to the device’s orientation. Pitch and azimuth measurements are built-in.

Expert Tools. Better Solar.Watch an introductory video at www.solmetric.com

Micro-abrasive blasting applications Comco Inc. is a manufacturer of micro-abrasive blasters and creator of the award-winning MicroBlaster. Micro-abrasive blasting is a technology that uses micro-sized particles of high-grade abrasives propelled out of a small noz-zle tip at high velocity to clean, cut, deburr, texture, and remove material on a variety of surfaces. For edge deletion applications, alumina is commonly used. It quickly cuts through all of the thin-fi lm layers down to the glass substrate without creating micro-fractures. Fast and consistent results can be obtained with manual or semi-automated micro-abrasive blasting solutions. Comco’s Applications Lab welcomes sample parts for testing to determine the most effi -cient method. Comco Inc. | www.comcoinc.com

Level 3, Booth 9261

Solar thermal engineering& design Free Hot Water specializes in commercial solar thermal en-gineering and design services, as well as manufacturing and distribution. Products include solar thermal panels, custom mounting systems, storage tanks, heat exchangers, circula-tion pumps, controllers and stations, insulated stainless steel fl ex piping, roof penetration systems, solar charging stations, tools, sealants, adhesives, and cleaners. Free Hot Water | www.freehotwater.com

Level 1, Booth 7519

Aluminum & ceramic for solar capabilitiesMorgan Technical Ceramics (MTC), a manufacturer of in-novative ceramic, glass, precious metal, piezoelectric, and dielectric materials, will showcase its line of fused silica rollers, PBN crucibles, and machined Alumina capabili-ties, which are ideal for a wide variety of solar market ap-plications. Traditionally used for handling sheet glass for automobiles, appliances, and architectural applications, MTC’s high-quality, fused silica rollers are now being used in the manufacturing of solar cells. The outstanding me-chanical properties and special surface quality of the fused silica rollers make them ideal for use as transport rollers for tempering fl at glass, as well as in diffusion and thin-fi lm processing of solar panels. In addition, MTC offers Per-formance Pyrolytic Boron Nitride (PBN) material for use in manufacturing the photo absorption layer in thin-fi lm PV (TFPV) cells. Performance PBN is an excellent mate-rial for crucibles and evaporation boats used in producing the TFPV cells, as well as for coating graphite heating ele-ments used for material vaporization. Morgan Technical Ceramicswww.morgantechnicalceramics.com

Level 2, Booth 8440

Solar farm arc fl ash mitigation solutionsAmerican Electric Technologies, Inc. (AETI), supplier of end-to-end power generation to the grid electrical infra-structure solutions, introduces 17.5 kV Arc Flash Mitiga-tion Switchgear for solar farms. The cost for medical treat-ment of an arc fl ash incident can reach $1.5 million with the costs of litigation reaching $10 million. AETI proposes their Solar Substation Switchgear as an answer to the arc fl ash issues arising from today’s arc resistant switchgear. AETI’s proven light-sensing technology detects an arc fl ash and commands the circuit breaker to open and isolate the arc fault within fi ve milliseconds. This keeps arc fl ash en-ergy well under the threshold of becoming explosive and injurious. AETI’s Arc Flash Mitigation Switchgear operates up to 17.5 kV at 3000A continuous duty with a 40 kA inter-ruption rating.American Electric Technologies, Inc. www.aeti.com

Level 1, Booth 7067

Solar thermal collectors & absorbersKIOTO Clear Energy provides rapid and pragmatic solutions for customer-specifi c requirements and, as an OEM partner, a dependable long-term ap-proach based on co-operation. As such, they offer customers adequate produc-tion capacity of world-class standard and the widest range of solar thermal collectors and absorbers adapted to the needs of regional markets. With the lat-est and only laser welding machine on the continent, they are able to provide customers copper/copper or aluminum/copper full surface absorbers up to 4 X 10 feet.KIOTO Clear Energy S.A. de C.V.www.kioto.com

Level 1, Booth 7517

PV product design& manufacturing Powerway Mounting Solution, a division of Wellkey Solar Technology Ltd., offers one-stop solutions to the photovol-taic market. They apply the TQM (Total Quality Manage-ment) concept in all design and manufacturing of products. Powerway Mounting Solution is ISO9001 certifi ed and practices the principle of lean manufacturing of TS16949—with well set-up procedure of APQP, FMEA, MSA, SPC in their production. They supply customers with reliable and consistent quality products and understand that a good PV mounting system must be able to sustain challenges of all climatic changes. Therefore, from materials selection to design, simulation, testing, manufacturing, and installation, Powerway ensures customers product quality and product investment safety.Powerway Mounting Solution | www.pvpowerway.com

Level 3, Booth 9623




Online solar databasePV Contractor Inc. offers a one-stop shop for solar needs. With their ex-tensive online database and advanced search options, all contactors can fi nd the exact products they need to build the perfect solar installation. Moreover, as a partner, customers become a part of the company’s initiative to bring “Power to the People” in furthering the solar revolution. Those involved will receive ongoing technical support, optional training seminars, and more. PV Contractor Inc.www.pv-contractor.com

Level 1, Booth 7031

Solar inverters Delta offers a new brand of solar inverters, SOLIVIA, which stands for “solar inverters for ver-satile and intelligent applications.” SOLIVIA solar inverters produced for the North American market are available in four models—SOLIVIA 2.5, 3.3, 4.4, and 5.0 NA G3—with a nominal output power ranging from 2.5kW to 5.0kW. The SOLVIA inverters feature high-frequency galvanic isolation topology, are suitable for all commonly used solar modules (with either posi-tive or negative DC grounding), and operate within a wide temperature range up to 50° C, along with full power output (without de-rating). This complements Delta’s available Euro-pean solar inverter product line. Production will begin in the fourth quarter of 2010.Delta Products Corporation, Inc. | Delta Energy Systems | www.solar-inverter.com

Level 1, Booth 7240

Solar power conversion & grid interconnection technology American Superconductor Corpora-tion (AMSC) produces a broad scope of proven solutions for the power grid and renewable energy markets. The company’s proprietary D-VAR solution is a Smart Grid device that provides a cost-effective way of stabilizing volt-age levels by injecting dynamic reactive power (VARs) precisely where voltage problems can occur. AMSC’s D-VAR solution has become the de facto stand-ard for connecting wind farms to power grids worldwide. These solutions are now deployed at more than 70 wind farms in seven countries to meet lo-cal grid interconnection requirements. Combined, these wind farms are capa-ble of producing more than 5,000 MW of combined zero-emission electricity.

AMSC is now also offering grid interconnection solutions for utility scale solar power plants. Based on the D-VAR, this solution enables develop-ers to meet local grid interconnection requirements and includes AMSC’s in-tegrated controls and SCADA systems. These solutions augment the overall performance solar power plants and enable developers to meet local grid interconnection requirements. American Superconductor www.amsc.com

Level 1, Booth 7053

We are Hydro...Framing the power of the sun

Aluminum extrusion components for support structures,frames, and mounting systems for solar energy installations

Hydro is the leading supplier of custom extruded aluminum structural components for commercial PVand utility-scale CSP installations.

• A team dedicated to solar energy with the full support andresources of Hydro’s global aluminum network

• 300 MW of installed CSP experience• Large-scale roof top and ground-mount PV experience• Proven partner with full project management and logistics

support• Precise manufacturing of components using remelt billet

(which contains more than 70% recycled content)• Kitting, JIT delivery, and on-site assembly training

Contact us and we’ll help you frame the power of the sun!

Hydro Solar Solutions249 S. 51st Avenue • Phoenix, AZ 85043V: (602) 427-1434 • F: (602) 427-1334www.hydro.com/northamerica/solar

Booth #7960, 2010 Intersolar North America



Deep Cycle Power for Renewable Energy Systems

Solar, PV and Wind.

Sun Xtender® Providing Safe, Reliable Power Solutions Worldwide Since 1987.

Storing today’s energy for tomorrow’s use.

Sun Xtender® batteries are the original “AGM” (Absorbent Glass Mat) battery adopted by the U.S. Military.

CONCORDE BATTERY CORPORATIONCONCORDECONCORDECONCORDECONCORDEONC BABABABABAATTERYTTERYTTERYTTERYAAAAA CORPORACORPORACORPORACORPORACORPORATIONTIONTIONTIONTAAAAA

(tall)

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Untitled-1 1 11/4/09 10:20 AM

PLUMBING HVAC/R COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL MARINE OIL&GAS SOLAR

KFAD-0079-0610

products are a quick and easy solution for insu-lating fluid recirculation lines in solar hot water systems. Designed to minimize heat loss, K-Flex Solar™ delivers a cost effective and environmentally responsible way to heat water for residential and commercial needs. For more information, contact K-Flex USA to-day and receive your free sample of K-Flex Solar™.

MEET US AT THE INTERSOLAR

NORTH AMERICATRADE SHOW

BOOTH #7319

Monocrystalline cell technologyMAGE POWERTEC PLUS modules utilize a moncrystalline cell technology with an electrical effi ciency of up to 17.3%. With allowable tolerances of up to +5 watts, maxi-mum power is guaranteed without any compromise and nominal power is obtained or even exceeded. MAGE SOLAR’s competitive 10-year product warranty far surpasses legal requirements and the added guarantee of 90% nominal power for 12 years and 80% for 30 years, provides customers with three full decades of reassurance. Due to their engineered hollow section frame and 3.22mm special solar glass, MAGE POW-ERTEC Plus models meet maximum demands with regards to stability and corrosion resistance. The high-quality EVA foil allows ideal embedding of the solar cells, while the weatherproof foil backing of the modules protects against humidity. In addition, these robust modules resist a maximum pressure of 5,400 Pa/113 psf.MAGE SOLAR Projects, Inc. | www.magesolar.com

Level 1, Booth 7435

Surge protection for grid-tie solar power systemsCITEL, Inc. has expanded its surge protector line to include models DS60PV and DS50PV, two wire and ground DC power surge protectors for applications up to 1000 Vdc. Designed for the most severe applications, DS60PV is a Heavy Duty DC surge protector, rated to withstand a direct lightning strike (10/350us waveform) as defi ned by ANSI/IEEE C62.41-2002 and IEC 61643-11. It is typically installed at the DC input to the inverter of a solar power system. For more general duty ap-plications, DS50PV is surge rated at 40kA 8/20us, and engineered to protect against indirect lightning, ac utility grid surges, and internally generated switching transients and faults. These din rail mount devices can be integrated into a PV combiner box or standalone enclosure. CITEL is also pleased to announce model DS50PV as the fi rst UL recognized DC Surge Protector with replaceable modules. CITEL, Inc. | www.citel.us

Level 1, Booth 7151




Solar test & measurement equipmentSolmetric Corporation delivers innova-tive, accurate, and easy to use solar test and measurement equipment, which includes the popular SunEye 210 shade analysis tool and the PV Designer soft-ware. Also featured: the PVA-600 Per-formance Analyzer, an electrical meas-urement solution to verify performance of a PV module or string. It measures IV characteristics and compares meas-ured results to expected results based on a built-in system performance model. Solmetric Corporationwww.solmetric.com

Level 1, Booth 7227

Custom solar crimp setFor 30 years Rennsteig has been manufacturing tools in Germany and the US to the highest standards. Their precision cutting, stripping, and crimping tools are specifi cally engineered for the wires and terminals specifi c to the solar industry. They have the knowledge, skill, and capac-ity to meet any customer specifi cations, and they specialize in meeting customer requirements. Rennsteig’s “Custom Solar Crimp Set,” gives customers the opportunity to create their own set. With a top-quality solar system crimp tool, crimp dies, and locators of any choice, up to fi ve dif-ferent combinations are possible. Rennsteig also offers tools for popular industry manufacturers.Rennsteig Tools, Inc. | www.rennsteig.us

Level 1, Booth 7859Extruded aluminum structural components Hydro supplies extruded aluminum structural components for commercial PV and utility scale CSP installations. With a dedicated solar energy team and the resources and support of Hydro’s global aluminum network, Hydro pro-vides a full range of products and servic-es—technical and design assistance at the start of the project through JIT delivery of fi nished components. For both roof- and ground-mount PV solar installations, Hydro has collaborated with energy companies, distributors, and installers to develop and manufacture lightweight custom frame and mounting components, as well as extruded profi les to be used for stock shape programs. In a recently formed partnership, to help support both the east and west coast operations of a global manufacturer of fi xed PV racking systems, they supply extruded compo-nents from their Belton, SC and Phoenix, AZ facilities. By extruding components near project locations, shipping costs are reduced and larger production volumes can be more easily accommodated.Hydro Solar Solutions www.hydro.com/northamerica/solar

Level 1, Booth 7960

to lower the lifetime system cost of PV around the world.

Dedicated to providing innovative, environmentally friendly

PV MOUNTING SOLUTIONS

PanelClaw® offers three highly flexible and efficient ballasted mounting solutions

3. Panda Bear GM for residential to utility scale ground mount

www.panelclaw.com

[email protected]

Tel: 978.688.4900

Fax: 978.688.5100

1600 Osgood Street Bldg 20 Ste 2-23, North Andover, MA 01845

L1, Booth 7765



www.greenpowercap.com • [email protected]

GREENPOWER CAPITAL (818) 623-4200

ProjectAcquisition& Finance Greenpower Capital offers early-stage buyout, equity, project finance, and acquisition with 100% construction advance. We have experience in project development, so we understand how to help a developer achieve its goals.

We can move quickly to approve and fund your project. Call or e-mail us today to find out how we can assist you.

Highest level of quality for tomorrow’s energy

proudly introducesSolar-Trac®

Flexible supply and return lines for solar heated water systems.

Solar-Trac Piping Benefits:• T316L Stainless Steel• Available sizes from 3/8” thru 2”• Tubing bends by hand• Routes easily around obstacles• Cuts using standard tubing cutter• Special lengths available

Solar-Flare Fitting Benefits:• Self-flaring• No special tools• Reliable metal-to-metal

sealing surface• No gaskets or rubber washers

© Copyright Omega Flex 2010

Omega Flex, Inc.451 Creamery Way • Exton, PA 19341ISO 9001 Registered Company800.355.1039

www.omegaflex.comSLT-006 Rev 6/10

Please visit us during InterSolar North America at booth #7815

Solar power shipping solutions anywhere under the sun.

DB Schenker provides customer specific logistics and transportation solutions for solar equipment, with a unique expertise in handling high-value, oversized, highly sensitive machines. We understand how to transport your high-value and high-sensitivity capital equip-ment and tools.

We have teams of dedicated professionals handling only Solar related logistics and transportation with company offices in most Solar manufacturing locations. We are among the world’s largest providers of air and ocean freight. We can be your end-to-end logis-tics solutions company from bringing in your component material supplies to your production facilities to shipping finished goods to your customers. We offer world-class customer service and we have many industry references to share with you.

Come talk to us at Booth #9426, Level 3 or visit our website at www.dbschenkerusa.com/specialservices/solarservices.

Rooftop PV attachment kitIn the solar industry, the challenge has been in how to attach PV modules to standing seam roof systems without jeop-ardizing roof material and warranties. S-5! has created a solution that fi ts the major-ity of solar panels and metal roofs on the market, including exposed-fastened and corrugated profi les. With a cost of as lit-tle as $0.06 a watt, the S-5-PV Kit stands alone in the industry. It is currently the only method of penetration-free attach-ment of PV modules to metal roof systems through DirectAttached methods—with quick and accurate installation also availa-ble for rail mounted systems. The S-5-PV Kit is one of the newest products in the line of S-5! clamps and attachment solu-tions, which have been installed on over a million roofs around the globe.S-5! | www.S-5.com

Level 1, Booth 7465

Higher effi ciency monocrystalline cellsFollowing the trends in the PV industry, which always tend to propose higher power output, Upsolar is now extending its power range for their monocrystalline series. Standard 72 cells (UP-MM series) are available from 165Wp to 195Wp, thanks to the production of larger ingots (diameter 165mm). Usolar’s Black Series will also increase its output range from 160Wp to 190Wp. As a result of the company’s new Research Center, Up-solar is now conducting a series of tests to select the best components—several of the leading brands of junction boxes, TPT, EVA, glass, silicone, and frames are assembled and tested at their Shang-hai laboratory. According to the results of these tests (in climatic chambers, outdoors, in the water etc.), Upsolar is able to choose the best for their clients. At the same time, cells are thoroughly checked at the production platforms to optimize the output of the products.Upsolar Co., Ltd.www.upsolar.com

Level 2, Booth 8411

Drive units for solar sun-tracker systemsSolar power plants require robust drive systems with high accuracy, effi ciency, and virtually main-tenance-free long-term operation showing a high degree of reliability. Only components specially designed for outdoor use can meet the requirements. Worm gear units are ideally suited for the azimuth adjustment of a tracker, since they can be used for virtually backlash-free transmission ratios and very slow movements. By target-oriented selection of defi ned materials, required param-eters such as perfect wear behavior, high fatigue strength, and long-term corrosion protection are achieved and implemented.GFC AntriebsSysteme GmbH | www.gfc-antriebe.de

Level 1, Booth 7423




Solar tracking in high windsDEGERenergie launches its new DEGERtraker 9000NT. The new system features improved performance capabilities and greater stability in areas of strong winds. The physical construction was developed by DEGERenergie’s engineers on the basis of the 5000HD heavy duty model, which is designed to handle high wind loads. The 9000NT can with-stand increased wind loads even with a large module surface. This allows the use of large-scale tracking systems even in places where wind exposure has previously limited the avail-able module surface. The new twin-axle model is designed to handle a module surface of up to 70 sqm. Depending on module type, the yield for systems using the DEGERtraker 9000NT lies between 9 kWp and 12 kWp. The maximum wind load is rated at 300 kilometers per hour. The DE-GERtraker 9000NT is available from June 2010. DEGER-energie is global market leader for solar tracking systems.DEGERenergie | www.degerenergie.com

Level 1, Booth 7559

Tooling for wafer manufacturing & coatingWith the high cost of running a hot zone for forming either mono- or multi-crystalline silicon, it is more important than ever to extend the lifetime of all hot zone tooling. This is where Schunk can help—from susceptors to heaters, heat shields, connectors, and insulation, their high-purity products will help maximize lifetime and effi ciency; thereby, reducing costs. When the wafer has been cut and needs to be coated, once again Schunk can assist. They produce carriers for transporting wafers through the various coating processes of the major coating system OEM’s. These carriers can be made of carbon composites or graphite, depending on the sys-tem being used. Lifetime, effi ciency and cost reduction are the company’s goals in their support.Schunk Kohlenstoftechnik | Schunk Graphite Technology | www.schunk-group.com

Level 1, Booth 7822

Certified solar enclosuresThe ARCA JIC enclosure family, from Fibox, has been tested and certified by SGS FIMKO to comply with the European Com-munity’s Low Voltage Directive and permits use of the CE Mark. The CE Mark is recognized worldwide and CE Conformity is re-quired for importation of electrical equipment into the European Community. ARCA enclosures were evaluated against EN 60529 and EN 62262, achieving ingress ratings of IP66 / IP67 and an impact rating of IK09. ARCA enclosures were also evaluated for mechanical strength (EN 60439-4) and conformity to Low Volt-age Switchgear requirements (EN 62208). In addition, ARCA en-closures are UL Listed and NEMA rated Type 4, 4X, 12, and 13. The ARCA enclosure line consists of 10 standard JIC enclosure sizes ranging from 6 x 6 x 4" D to 18 x 16 x 10" D, and is available in over 100 configurations of opaque or transparent screw cover or hinged latched cover versions. This size range targets OEM in-strumentation, controls, and automation applications, and accom-modates larger components and high-power applications. Fibox | www.fiboxusa.com

Level 1, Booth 7958

Sun trackerGFC Slewing gear units keep the sun in focus.

GFC AntriebsSysteme GmbHGrenzstraße 5 / D-01640 Coswigphone +49 (0) 3523 94 60fax +49 (0) 3523 74 [email protected]

Visit us at the Intersolar North America

in San Francisco July 13 – 15, 2010

Moscone Center, West Hall, Level 1,

Block 7423

Visit us at the Intersolar

San Francisco

July 13-15

PLANSEE USA LLC., Franklin, MA 02038, USA

Tel.: 508 553-3800, Fax: 508 553-3823

[email protected], www.plansee.com

Where others run on empty, our targets still perform.

PLANSEE rotary and planar sputtering targets:

- Best target utilization through

optimized geometries

- Full density and high purity

- Homogenous microstructure



investing in clean energy

On May 6th, 2010, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) held a stakeholder meeting to discuss the economic

curtailment of renewable energy. The meeting was called to address Southern California Edison’s (“Edison”) amendment to its 2010 pro forma PPA. That amendment expressly allowed Edison to economi-cally dispatch a renewable energy resource, and open the resource to curtailment without payment.

The possibility of such curtailment, however, undermines the certainty the resource will be delivered, as and when available, mak-ing the revenue from such resource less certain. Many stakeholders, including the California Wind Energy Association (CalWEA) and the Large-scale Solar Association, argued that such a provision makes a project “un-fi nanceable” and that some sort of mitigation must be included in these renewable energy PPAs. The stakeholder meeting highlighted the tension in independent system operator (ISO) mar-kets between dispatching resources economically, using locational marginal pricing (LMP) or other price signals, and meeting state re-newable portfolio standard (RPS) requirements by purchasing higher cost-bundled renewable energy products (i.e. energy plus renewable energy certifi cates, or RECs).

Tension: ISO markets vs. RPS requirementsGenerally, ISO markets are designed so that LMP price signals will cause the least cost, or most effi cient resources to be dispatched where needed on the electric grid. The LMP signal includes an en-ergy price and transmission cost, such as congestion and losses, but does not include a renewable energy premium for the dispatch of renewable energy. If a scheduling entity* bids the bundled price for renewable energy, then this failure to take into account the “envi-ronmental attribute” value (not just RECs but, perhaps, greenhouse gas emissions allowances as well) exacerbates the price difference be-tween a gas-fi red resource, especially with low natural gas prices and a renewable energy resource.

However, utilities buying renewable energy and wanting to ensure they receive the RECs for RPS compliance can self-schedule or oth-erwise schedule a renewable resource (and bid at a low price, or even a negative price) to ensure delivery of the energy and RECs. Often, utilities will agree to such scheduling in their renewable PPAs. But if there is no express agreement between the parties, and the utility is the scheduling entity, then there is a risk the scheduling entity’s bid price will cause the resource not to be dispatched—even if the renew-able resource is capable of being dispatched. That risk may be a great-er risk if the utility has already met its RPS obligations for the year.

Setting of terms: Who should control? The above discussion illustrates a key issue raised at the stakeholder meeting: should economic curtailment be an issue left to bilateral ne-gotiation, or should the state public utilities commission overseeing the RPS program or the ISO play a role?

Most attendees agreed that bilateral negotiation would be best, but CalWEA argued that pro forma contracts should not be published with non-fi nanceable terms (i.e. permitting economic curtailment). A different path suggested by attendees was to have the CPUC set a specifi c term for economic curtailment, such as setting a cap on the number of hours of economic curtailment permitted in any year or providing for no economic curtailment. Of course, differences among the various renewable energy sources means there is no “one size fi ts

all” solution. For instance, solar resources dispatch when the sun is shining and peak demand is occurring; wind resources dispatch at lower demand times. Taking into account the differing dispatch con-ditions, wind resources will likely be more prone to economic curtail-ment than solar resources (i.e. too much generation at a low demand time). Depending on the amount of intermittent renewable resources interconnected to the grid that may not always be the case.

Non-ISO markets: Allocation of risk In non-ISO markets, counterparties usually agree that a renewable energy PPA is a take or pay contract, so that if a renewable energy resource is capable of producing energy and/or delivers energy, the seller will be paid. The risk allocation results in the buyer accept-ing the risk because the ability to curtail energy production without damages is not only detrimental to revenues, but could also be det-rimental to government incentives based on production of energy (such as production tax credits). Aside from simply requiring take or pay for renewable energy, some PPAs will allow for a limited number of curtailment hours (or MWhs) while others will allow unlimited curtailment, but with payment for the energy curtailed at the PPA price. Either method would provide a negotiated allocation of risk.

Mitigation alternativesThe obvious mitigation for ISO market PPAs is to include provisions in PPAs that limit or eliminate the risk of economic curtailment. During the CPUC stakeholder meeting there was discussion of the fact that Pacifi c Gas & Electric provides for payment at the PPA price of energy that it economically curtails. This can be achieved through bilateral negotiation, but the question remains: should something more “systemic” be used, such as the public utilities com-mission in a state (as the RPS overseers) overriding ISO economic principles, when dealing with RPS resources?

A third alternative could be an ISO LMP signal fi x that combines the economic dispatch of energy with recognition of the premium placed on renewable energy. Granted, ISOs allow their scheduling entities to bid whatever price is appropriate, and this bidding can be set by bilateral negotiation, which could mean bidding at a price that pulls out the REC premium—and, essentially, is a bid solely of the energy price. Additionally, adding new components to LMP pricing would be complex, potentially diffi cult to administer, and possibly not cost-effective. For argument’s sake, if a day-ahead/real-time REC emission allowance pricing component could be added to LMP pric-ing, then that could create a better comparison between traditional resources and bundled renewable energy resources being dispatched for RPS purposes and would, potentially, marry the RPS goals of public utility commissions with the economic dispatch goals of ISOs.

ConclusionThe best choice for mitigating economic curtailment issues is for counterparties to know the issue and expressly allocate the risk through bilateral negotiation; with specifi c scheduling requirements or limitations placed on the scheduling entities. However, as ISO markets and RPS goals evolve and move forward, the tension between economic dispatch and the desire for renewable generation may re-quire a macro-level, systemic solution. If technology and information availability allow a marriage of ISO and RPS goals in pricing signals or other means then, perhaps, that becomes a potential solution.

* Note: a scheduling entity is the entity that interfaces with the ISO to schedule the generation of energy from a resource. Scheduling requirements are different in each ISO.

Troutman Sanders LLPwww.troutmansanders.com | www.renewableinsights.com

Economic Curtailment of Renewable EnergyBy Brian Harms; Partner, Troutman Sanders LLP

The best choice for mitigating economic curtailment issues is for counterparties to know the issue and expressly allocate the risk through bilateral negotiation…



OCTOBER 12-14, 2010Los Angeles Convention CenterLos Angeles, California, USA

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Financing of commercial solar photo-voltaic (PV) projects has always been a challenge in the American market. A Solar Power Purchase Agreement (SPPA) is a popular way to bypass the large capital investment required to get a project off the ground. Essentially, a SPPA is a fi nancial agreement in which a third-party owns, operates, and maintains the solar array. The host customer agrees to purchase the power generated from the system for a pre-arranged period of time; usually 15 to 25 years. This agreement allows the host customer to receive a known and stable electricity rate (which in many cases is lower than the existing rate) while avoid-ing up front capital costs and responsibility for system maintenance. The SPPA pro-vider receives all the tax incentives, as well as the income generated off the PV system. A system installed under this agreement can be cash fl ow positive from day one.

SPPA providers have traditionally only been interested in projects above $1 mil-lion. What they have not found attractive is the arguably larger market of medium-sized PV projects, ranging from 75kW to 200kW. Recently, some forward-looking investors have seen the opportunity to gain momentum in this niche market, opening a new wave of project development in the medium-sized commercial PV arena. In a recent study, the Gartner Group predicted that by 2013, 2.3 GW of PV installations will be fi nanced using the SPPA model.

Small- to medium-sized PV projects carry added benefi ts such as quicker turna-round times, simpler permitting process, and reduced risk of product shortage. Once a host is identifi ed, the integrator looks to match or even lower existing kWh cost the host pays the utility. A projected cost table is then established based on such factors as local incentives and existing kWh costs. The business owner now has a guaranteed table of electricity expenses for 20 to 25 years, without the concern of sudden rate increases. The host can also advertise as a green business. In a competitive market-place, businesses are looking for differen-tiation, which can be achieved by demon-strating a commitment to the environment with an investment in renewable energy.

The small- to medium-sized SPPA not only benefi ts commercial business owners. Non-profi t and government organizations generally have to incur a higher expense when adding PV to their facilities. As a non-taxpaying entity, non-profi ts cannot draw from the lucrative tax benefi ts, which can lower the overall cost of PV by 60% or more. In the third-party ownership model, the SPPA provider can still use the tax ben-efi ts, allowing them to offer PPA services to non-profi t and government organizations.

The current market conditions are an ideal environment for SPPA’s. The need for strong business and non-taxpaying entities to cut costs while becoming greener has made

SPPA’s extremely attractive. In addition, the drop in price of silicone-based modules has allowed SPPA providers to be competitive with utility pricing, making the model more attractive to host customers. It allows companies to work with clients that may have veered away from PV projects due to cash-fl ow issues. SPPA’s still require the host customer to have a strong balance sheet and a minimum system size of 75kW. Even with these requirements, an extremely large and pre-viously untapped market segment is opened up to solar developers.

Jakob Laggner is the project developer for Session Solar.

As a project developer, Session Solar partners with SPPA providers in the US market to provide small to medium sized SPPA’s.

Session Solar | www.sessionsolar.com

Financing for Small- to Medium-sized Commercial Solar ProjectsBy Jakob Laggner



Nebraska Public Power DistrictWind is one of North American’s fastest-growing power technologies,

and Nebraska’s centralized location is uniquely suited to give

renewable equipment manufacturers a profitable choice when locating

new facilities. Proximity to future development in America’s wind

corridor makes Nebraska a critical hub for timely delivery. Shipped

by truck or rail, equipment can be delivered within hours, if not days,

saving manufacturers and operators millions of dollars.

Equally as significant, Nebraska gives manufacturers a profitable

advantage by providing quality labor and low-cost energy. Due the

state’s unique public power structure, industrial electrical rates are

among lowest in the nation. The low cost of doing business is one

of the reasons why Nebraska offers an inviting business climate.

The Nebraska Advantage package rewards businesses that invest in

the state and add jobs. The Nebraska Public Power District’s (NPPD)

professional economic development team can assist renewable

equipment manufactures in finding productive and profitable

locations in Nebraska. By gathering community proposals, identifying

informational and financial resources, and facilitating negotiations at

the local level, NPPD works with state and local entities to ensure the

best fit between companies and communities.

http://sites.nppd.com

Sarnia-Lambton Economic PartnershipSarnia-Lambton, Ontario, Canada, is a growing global sustainable

energy centre and a logical choice for sustainable energy production

and R&D as significant investment is taking place. When the First

Solar/Enbridge Sarnia solar farm brings the balance of its 80 MW of

power on stream by the end of 2010, Sarnia-Lambton will be home to

the world’s largest PV solar power generation facility. In addition, 500

MW of wind power has been announced for the area.

Already a major petrochemical and refining centre, Sarnia-Lambton

offers manufacturers and energy providers an established industrial

infrastructure, including a comprehensive energy system. Located

at the heart of the Great Lakes industrial corridor, transportation

routes include highway, rail, and deep water St. Lawrence Seaway

port. Zoned manufacturing sites are available just minutes from the

Ontario/Michigan Blue Water Bridge commercial border crossing.

The University of Western Ontario’s Research Park, Sarnia-Lambton

Campus, works with business to help bring innovative new projects to

the marketplace. The Park is also the location of Canada’s Bioindustrial

Innovation Centre. Lambton College’s three-year Alternative Energy

Engineering Technology program provides graduates trained in current

and emerging energy technologies.

www.sarnialambton.on.ca

Pittsburgh RegionThe Pittsburgh region is poised to build a 21st-century economy on

the foundation of the traditional and renewable energy industry.

Already in the region, there is a critical mass of 700-plus companies

in the global energy supply chain, as well as innovation assets,

spanning government, and academic and corporate research and

development. Unlike other regions in the country, Pittsburgh is rich

in natural energy resources—coal and natural gas, including the

Marcellus Shale natural gas play. The Marcellus Shale is the world’s

largest unconventional natural gas deposit, and Pittsburgh sits directly

atop it. The region boasts an exceptionally skilled workforce that is

innovating, problem solving, and manufacturing to meet global supply

chain demands for both traditional energy sources and renewables.

Pittsburgh is a supply chain leader for companies seeking parabolic

solar mirrors, electrical efficiency systems, and convertors and

generators for offshore and other wind farms, coatings for windmill

towers and fiberglass for windmill blades, and intelligent power grid

software and services.

www.pittsburghregion.org

REGIONALDEVELOPMENTGUIDE

2010 & 2011

A highlight of various regions or institutions looking to expand and develop clean

energy, promote companies and organizations in the industry, and bring economic

growth to their city, state/province, and/or country.

Pocatello, Chubbuck, Bannock County, & the State of IdahoPocatello, located in Eastern Idaho, is quickly becoming a place for industries and businesses to expand. Leading the charge is Bannock Development

Corporation (BDC), a non-profi t economic development organization focused on helping businesses create jobs through retention, expansion, and recruit-

ment. BDC’s key focus in recruiting include alternative energy and advanced manufacturing. A local manufacturer of polysilicon for the solar industry

recently completed equipment testing, and is now in limited commercial polysilicon production. Another local supplier of high-performance, energy

effi cient, silicon solutions for green electronics, recently announced an $11 million-plus expansion at its Pocatello facility, solidifying its continued com-

mitment to the community over the next few years. Additionally, there is approximately 400 MW of wind farms across the southeastern part of the state

with another 200 MW+ in advanced planning stages. A 124 MW wind farm, which could power 37,000 average American homes, is currently under

construction and expected to be completed by the end of 2010.

Bannock Development Corporation can help with site selection to the point of relocation. All of this is accomplished thanks to strong partnerships

with the cities of Pocatello, Chubbuck, Bannock County, the State of Idaho, and community support.

www.bannockdevelopment.org



Mars Snackfood U.S. • Petra SolarCampbell Soup Company • RocheJohnson & Johnson • Novo NordiskT h e c o m p a n y w e k e e p ,k e e p s g e t t i n g b e t t e r .COSCO Americas, Inc. • Prudential A b s o l u t e l y E n e r g i z e d S o l a rPrinceton Power Systems • IDT

Wherever your company is positioned across the energy supply chain—end-user, systems or product manufacturer, or new technology developer—New Jersey has significant advantages. Here’s why...

New Jersey is fully committed to reducing the state’s carbon footprint through clean and renewable energy. We demonstrate this commitment by offering special financial incentives and grants to drive both the supply and demand in the clean and renewable energy marketplaces.

The result: Over 5,800 renewable energy projects have been supported by the state, generating more than 197 MW and representing over $345 million in rebates.3

In addition, the state offers other aggressive incentives and tax credit programs for companies locating in targeted areas, creating new jobs, and more. This comprehensive approach, along with our strategic location and highly-educated workforce, make New Jersey the ideal choice for locating your business.

Call 866-534-7789 to learn more about programs that can help solar and other renewable and energy-efficient equipment manufacturers, developers and end-users flourish in New Jersey.

www.NewJerseyBusiness.gov • 866-534-7789

New Jersey ranks first in solar installations

per square mile in the nation.1

The state ranks first on the East Coast in terms of installed solar capacity.2

1. “New Jersey Outshines Most Others in Solar Energy,” http://www.cnbc.com/id/33233060

2. “New Jersey Outshines 48 of Its Peers in Solar Power,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124900300175395743.html

3. New Jersey’s Clean Energy Program Project Activity Reports, April 2010.

It’s easy being green in

NEW JERSEY

NAC/0710

London, CanadaLocated in the heart of Southwestern Ontario,

midway between three US borders (Niagara

Falls, Detroit, and Port Huron), London’s growing

clean energy industry is being noticed. London

is home to the first bio-gas urban production

facility in Ontario, and another is in development.

Industry is working closely with the University

of Western Ontario (Western) who are working

on solar cell materials, hydrogen storage,

polymers for batteries, and biofuel production.

Fanshawe College’s has created The Centre

for Sustainable Energy & Environments, which

addresses optimization, adoption, integration,

and commercialization of renewable energy

and recycling technologies. Both Western and

Fanshawe are training the skills needed to move

the sector forward into the future. Opening

in 2011, Western is building the world’s first

WindEEE Dome to investigate all aspects of wind

energy, wind engineering, and the environment

including the optimization of wind and solar

farms, as well as testing and the design of wind

turbines. It will focus on the interaction of winds,

up to hurricane and tornado forces, and natural/

constructed environments. London, Canada has

the green space, the people, the research, and

the cost advantage to support the growth of the

clean energy sector.

www.ledc.com

Economic Development WinnipegThe Energy and Environment sectors in Winnipeg

encompass an extremely diverse range of

industries, which include electrical power

generation, transmission and distribution,

natural gas distribution, and alternative

energy development. Several engineering and

environmental firms are located in Winnipeg

and carryout activities as part of their portfolio

services. These firms are well-established,

having world-class expertise in high-voltage

direct current transmission, waste management,

waste water remediation, water and wastewater

treatment, environmental impact assessment,

environmental consulting services, and clean

energy.

One of Canada’s largest wind farms, located in

St. Leon 150 kilometers outside of Winnipeg, is

now in full operation. Manitoba Hydro is pursuing

new wind projects totaling 300 MW, or enough

to power 100,000 homes. Manitoba’s strategy to

harvest 1,000 MW of wind power will attract $2

billion in investment and generate $100 million

in wind rights payments to landowners. There

is opportunity to increase energy produced from

these sources, as well as other sources such as

bio-fuels and biomass. At Economic Development

Winnipeg, the team of dedicated professionals

works closely with these sectors and others

to increase local industry competitiveness and

stimulate growth though collaboration.

www.economicdevelopmentwinnipeg.com

Cedar Valley Regional Partnership—Northeast IowaThe Cedar Valley Region is located along the new federal highway system, Interstate 218/380, connecting Minneapolis/St. Paul to St.

Louis. Population totals 211,370 with a labor force draw of 248,248. An independent study projects the installation of 1,690 MW per year

of new wind generation with a 600-mile radius of Iowa, from 2007 through 2013. This means a wind industry market of $5.7 billion-plus

per year within a day’s drive. Further, expanding companies can benefi t from the IAWIND—Iowa Alliance for Wind Innovation and Novel

Development to assist with training and education. This fi ve-community college and three-state university consortium focuses on wind

energy manufacturing, as well as operations and maintenance programs. Half-a-billion dollars in new investment has occurred by ex-

panding industry and distribution companies in the Cedar Valley Region.

www.cedarvalleyregion.com



Building the Future of Energy?Move to a better bottom line

commerce.idaho.gov

Discover why Idaho is a natural choice for solar, wind and geothermal manufacturers: renewable.idaho.gov

Mississippi Due to its workforce and business climate, availability of high-quality

workforce training and educational programs, and the support of state and

local leaders, Mississippi is an ideal location for renewable energy. Recently,

Twin Creeks Technologies announced the company’s plans to locate its new

solar panel manufacturing facility in Senatobia, Mississippi. The facility

will produce photovoltaic solar panels using the company’s proprietary

technology and will create more than 500 jobs in the area. The company is

the first to take advantage of the recently enacted Mississippi Clean Energy

Initiative, which provides tax incentives for businesses that manufacture

systems or components used to generate clean, renewable or alternative

energy to locate or expand in the state.

www.mississippi.org

Knoxville-Oak Ridge Innovation Valley The Knoxville-Oak Ridge Innovation Valley has DOE’s largest science and

energy lab, Y12 National Prototype Center, the University of Tennessee,

National Transportation Research Center, and the Great Smoky Mountains

National Park. There is even an incubator building with space available on

the Oak Ridge National lab campus—the only one on a national lab campus.

The Tennessee Solar Institute is providing grants for installing solar assets

and innovation grants to help companies commercialize new technology.

ORNL’s Center for Advanced Thin Film Science is a new asset available to

companies for collaboration and research. ORNL won a pilot plant that will

produce 25 tons of low-cost carbon fiber that can revolutionize the use of

carbon fiber in more applications. Knoxville-Oak Ridge Innovation Valley is

ranked as one of the top ten Mid-markets of the Decade, Southern Business

and Development 2010.

www.knoxvilleoakridge.com

Charlotte Regional Partnership In Charlotte USA, the energy sector has proven to be one of the

most dynamic. More than 200 companies in the region are directly

tied to the energy sector and collectively employ over 20,000

people, with an average of 1,000 new energy jobs created each

year. They focus on everything from engineering, energy generation

and storage, and electric and natural gas vehicles, to energy

efficiency product manufacturing and nuclear energy services.

In just ten months during 2009, 11 energy related companies

either opened or expanded, creating more than 700 jobs in

five Charlotte counties—one of which attracted $49 million in

stimulus money and visits from US Energy Secretary Steven Chu

and President Barack Obama. To meet the demands of the various

renewable energy companies in the area, UNC Charlotte’s Energy

Production Infrastructure Center (EPIC) is providing education and

research to train electrical and civil engineers for careers in the

energy field. Additionally, the Electric Power Research Institute’s

R&D headquarters, one of five facilities in the US, is in Charlotte.

www.charlotteusa.com

The Pennsylvania State UniversityAt Penn State University, more than 500 researchers combine

strengths in materials, engineering, and the environmental

sciences to address the nation’s energy research needs. Core

strength areas include biomass production and utilization, engines

and alternative fuels, high-performance buildings, solar, wind, and

nuclear. Penn State is a well-known research institution with $765

million of annual research expenditures, including $103 million

in industry sponsored research. Penn State is the top academic

institution for materials research based on expenditures, and has

been ranked first among universities worldwide for leadership in

multidisciplinary alternative energy research by the Elsevier Press.

Resources are available for companies to connect with Penn State

researchers. The Industrial Research Office is available to help

companies identify faculty members with the expertise to meet

their needs. This team of experienced professionals will arrange

meetings with faculty members, and take them step-by-step

through the process of sponsoring research.

www.iro.psu.edu

Ann Arbor SPARK Ann Arbor SPARK is a public-private partnership whose mission is

to advance innovation-based economic development in the greater

Ann Arbor region. Ann Arbor SPARK collaborates with business,

academic, government, and community investor partners. SPARK

helps area businesses, meeting their business needs at every

stage, from innovative start-ups to the firmly established. They also

offer businesses resources including: state and local incentives for

business and talent expansion and attraction; funding assistance for

start-ups and second stage companies; research and development

support through the University of Michigan, Eastern Michigan

University and the University Research Corridor; site location such

as identification, tours, and introductions; company investment and

loans through Michigan Pre-Seed Capital and Microloan Funds;

Regional Incubator Network—business and wet lab; start-up

business consulting, training, and education; talent recruitment and

placement; as well as, business critical introductions.

www.annarborusa.org

Pampa Economic Development CorporationThe Texas Panhandle is well-known for its class 4 to 4+ winds. One

of Pampa’s slogans, “Where the wheat grows, the oil flows, and the

wind blows,” provides a great description of the area. Located in the

Eastern Texas Panhandle, Pampa is a community of approximately

18,000 people with a diverse economy including agriculture, oil and

gas, manufacturing, healthcare, education, and retail. The community

is excited about their great future in the wind energy industry, as

well. The existing workforce is versatile and now has the opportunity

to be trained in wind energy technology through Clarendon College

– Pampa Center, with equipment funded by the Pampa Economic

Development Corporation. One more exciting development in wind

energy for Pampa includes a new transmission service provider,

which has opened an office after having been chosen to build the

new substations and transmission lines in the region. Pampa also

offers easy access to the rest of the wind energy corridor and

beyond, advantageously located at the intersection of highways 60

and 70, and 20 minutes from I-40. They are also fortunate to be on

BNSF’s main line between Chicago and Los Angeles.

www.pampaedc.com

Cheyenne LEADSWyoming has been considered one of America’s greatest energy

producing states as oil, natural gas, methane, coal, and uranium

are abundant. Wyoming is rarely thought of for clean energy, but

Wyoming is blessed with almost all types of energy and is poised

to participate in the green energy movement. The dry, clear skies

can provide the most efficient solar power available. Some of the

nation’s best wind corridors are in Wyoming. The most notable aspect

of Wyoming’s clean energy is its unique ability to invest in its own

creation of new, clean energy. Wyoming invests heavily in carbon-

capture techniques that provide an excellent bridge from conventional

burning of hydro-carbons to greener sources. Wyoming and General

Electric are advancing forms of coal gasification to remove the

majority of carbon prior to combustion. Wyoming also provides

transmission lines to move electricity generated from wind turbines.

The University of Wyoming and National Center for Atmospheric

Research are investing in scientific research on climate and new

energy options. The wealth provided to the state from conventional

energy is wisely being invested into the next generation of power

production, helping ensure that the nation still receives power from

one of its most prolific power-producing states—Wyoming.

www.cheyenneleads.org

KansasKansas is committed to alternative energy, thanks to a Renewable

Energy Standard requiring that 20% of the state’s energy come from

renewable sources by 2020. International clean energy companies

have found Kansas to be an ideal location from which to serve the

US market. The state’s comprehensive energy plan includes net

metering and energy efficiency initiatives. It also offers a property tax

exemption for projects generating electricity from renewable sources,

and new wind and solar incentives can provide up to $5 million in

bond financing for eligible projects. Centrally located in the heart of

the North American wind corridor, Kansas offers excellent access

to the key regions for wind farm development and an exceptional

operating environment for wind turbine component manufacturing.

The state is ranked No. 2 nationally for wind potential and has over

1,000 megawatts in installed wind generation, with plenty of room for

more. Kansas is also a forerunner in renewable fuels and bioenergy.

Kansas ranks fourth in total biomass production, with companies

benefiting from economical access to feedstock and feedlots.

www.thinkbigks.com

Idaho Department of CommerceIdaho has a history of looking to renewables for its energy sources. The state is ranked seventh by the US Energy Agency for its renewable energy

generating capacity. These days, the renewable energy industry is looking to Idaho for research, investment, and manufacturing. In recent years, the

state has attracted new ventures in wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass. The state’s universities and colleges have followed suit by implementing

supportive programs in these areas, creating a synergistic environment where these industries can fl ourish. Idaho’s stable tax climate and low business

costs are attractive lures for companies looking to locate or expand. The state is ranked as having the second lowest overall cost of doing business in the

Western US (www.economy.com). Importantly, Idaho ranks second in the nation for low energy costs (Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council), and

also has some of the lowest premiums in the country for workers’ compensation insurance. Large manufacturers have found Idaho a good place to set up

shop, and small start-ups fi nd it easy to launch operations.

www.renewable.idaho.gov



Rhode Island Economic Development Rhode Island stands to gain significant benefits from

increasing activity in the green energy and green

technology sectors. By investing in renewable energy,

Rhode Island is not only creating jobs and spurring

economic development, but also developing new

and innovative technology, reducing dependence on

foreign oil, and addressing environmental concerns

to provide energy security for the state. Rhode Island

has an opportunity to more fully leverage its coastal

location—natural resources such as wind, water,

and sun, as well as all other renewable sources are

abundant, along with their green-tech talent to create

high-wage jobs in the sector. The two proposed

Deepwater Wind offshore wind farms, which are

on target to be among the first such wind farms in

the nation, represent just one way Rhode Island is

focusing on the nation’s clean-energy revolution.

The Rhode Island Economic Development

Corporation (RIEDC), through its management of

the Renewable Energy Fund and other initiatives, is

further focusing on the green industry by supporting

both large and small businesses with innovative,

green-tech ventures. The RIEDC is guided by a

strategic roadmap, available online, and developed

in 2010 to create a clear strategy for the growth and

advancement of Rhode Island’s green economy.

www.riedc.com

Wind Energy TechnoCentreThe Wind Energy TechnoCentre is a not-for-profit

organization whose mission is to contribute to the

development of an industrial wind energy network in

Québec. They are able to compete on North American

and world stages while valorizing the Gaspé Peninsula

and Magdalen Islands as being central to the emerging

niche of Québec’s economy. Surrounded by high-

elevation wind farms, the Wind Energy TechnoCentre

is dedicated to research and development, and to the

transfer of technology. Its location makes the research

centre a unique natural laboratory to study the impact

of the northern environment on the extraction of wind

energy. The Wind Energy TechnoCentre is a member of

the NSERC Wind Energy Strategic Network (WESNet),

which brings together researchers from 16 Canadian

universities and from industrial partners. Moreover,

it is recognized as a college centre for technology

transfer (CCTT).

www.eolien.qc.ca

Village of SchaumburgSchaumburg’s nearly 5,000 businesses provide

the community with valuable jobs, services, and

resources. Schaumburg businesses have continued

to support 75,000 residents, 80,000 employees, and

the northwest suburban area by offering first-rate

services and goods that keep Schaumburg the premier

suburban business location in Illinois. Schaumburg is

dedicated to environmental sustainability. In 2008, the

village created a Comprehensive Green Action Plan,

which sets forth multiple goals to reduce the impact of

climate change on a local level. Schaumburg is excited

about these environmental initiatives and hopes to

lead the way for area communities to do the same.

Employees at the village are more than willing to work

with residents and businesses to help them learn how

they can do their part to reduce their carbon footprint.

Schaumburg’s great location at the intersection of

two interstate highways provides convenience and

visibility to residents, businesses, employees, and

visitors. Schaumburg has committed to providing

quality public transportation to reduce the total

greenhouse gas emitted by residents and visitors. The

Metra Station, PACE Bus routes, Woodfield Trolley,

and Schaumburg Airport offer a variety of “green”

transit options for residents and visitors alike.

www.ci.schaumburg.il.us

North CarolinaBlessed with an array of solar, wind, and biomass energy resources, and boasting forward-thinking, business-friendly policies, North Carolina is the new frontier

for growth in the green energy sector. The state is moving to grow clean energy businesses, attract industry leading firms from around the world, and provide an

expanding market for their green products. The state’s tax credits are among the most generous in the nation, and its Green Business Fund provides grants to help

emerging small businesses build their capabilities and deploy their products and services. North Carolina also has the only mandatory Renewable Energy and Energy

Efficiency Portfolio Standard in the southeastern US, requiring its utilities to obtain 12.5% of their electricity from renewable energy sources by 2021. North Carolina

is also the home to four nationally recognized university based energy centers and has a special set-aside in its REPS that has elevated the state to the ranks of the

Top Ten States Using Solar Energy.

www.thrivenc.com/energy



hydro and marine energy

On April 28th, 2010, the federal government approved the Cape Wind project after nine years of regulatory

review. The signifi cance of the Cape Wind approval cannot be overstated, as the project is now poised to become the fi rst large-scale offshore renewable energy project operating in the United States (www.capewind.org). But, from a project planning, permitting, and development perspective, the exceedingly drawn-out, al-most decade-long review of Cape Wind was simply too long, too uncertain, and too costly for most developers and inves-tors to endure. Simply put: unless meaningful steps are taken to streamline review processes of offshore renewable projects, the regulatory risk going forward may be too high to support widespread growth in the industry.

This regulatory risk is perhaps even more evident for hy-drokinetic projects (e.g., wave and tidal), which trail behind offshore wind from a technology perspective. Unlike offshore wind, the hydrokinetic industry does not have arrays of utility scale facilities like those found in Europe and elsewhere to pro-vide, at the very least, a foundational understanding of the oper-ational, environmental, and other impacts of these technologies to support the regulatory review and approval of new projects.

Recognizing the need to adopt policies to promote hydro-kinetic project development, several states including Oregon, Washington, Maine and, most recently, California have en-tered into Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the lead federal agency responsible for hydrokinetic permitting, to coordinate and expedite project reviews. Specifi cally, the MOUs seek to set up predictable, expedited review processes by outlining procedures to coordinate and consolidate federal and state project reviews.

Coordinated federal and state project review can be pivotal in facilitating an effi cient and timely process given the complexity inherent in permitting any offshore energy project, which po-tentially involves dozens of federal and state agencies operating with differing and sometimes confl icting authorities, goals, mis-sions, and timelines. For instance, on the federal side, numerous permits and approvals are required for hydrokinetic projects including the main project permit issued by FERC, as well as permits and approvals issued by the Army Corps of Engineers, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and many others. In addition to federal approvals, states also have signifi cant permitting authority over projects under the federal Coastal Zone Management Act, the Clean Water Act, and pos-sibly under state and local regulations.

Most importantly, under the MOUs, the states have agreed to coordinate the environmental reviews of projects with FERC. Under federal law, FERC must conduct an extensive environmental review of each project under the National

Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), typically resulting in a comprehensive, many thousand-page, Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), which, in most cases, is used by all federal agencies to support issuance of required permits and approvals. The EIS preparation process serves as a common platform for interagency comments, analysis, and an initial determination of mitigation measures imposed on a project. In short, it is the lens through which the federal government examines a project.

Though most offshore projects are subject to federal NEPA reviews, many states also have their own state-level NEPA equivalents, commonly referred to as “mini-NEPAs,” which require states to prepare similar analysis and reports to is-sue approvals. This review process can go in parallel with the federal process but, if it is not coordinated, can result in a signifi cant duplication of efforts, delay, and potential jurisdic-tional disputes between state and federal agencies. Under the MOUs, the states agreed to utilize FERC’s EIS to support is-suance of all federal and state permits in lieu of preparing their own state-level environmental documents. Coordinating and consolidating environmental reviews into a single process, cul-minating in a single environmental document, can signifi cantly speed up permitting time, and can help ease burdens for devel-opers in dealing with separate federal and state review process-es including satisfying hosts of agency data requests, formulat-ing common mitigation requirements, and other measures.

In addition to coordinating reviews, the states and FERC agreed under the MOUs to establish set schedules for project reviews, and to encourage all agencies to adhere to them. Al-though a set review schedule might seem routine, it is not un-common for energy projects to enter into multi-year, multi-agency review processes without one. The lack of a schedule to push the myriad federal and state agencies toward the fi nish line can signifi cantly frustrate project review, leading to added time, and often added costs for the developer. A good example illustrating the benefi ts of a set review schedule are federal and state reviews of offshore liquefi ed natural gas projects un-der the Deepwater Port Act (DWPA). Under the DWPA, each project review is required to be completed in 356 days. While slippage is common in meeting this accelerated review sched-ule, several projects have been approved in under 18 months, demonstrating that project reviews and, in particular, NEPA reviews under short timeframes are indeed possible.

Though the MOUs represent a signifi cant step that will bring additional predictability to the hydrokinetic review pro-cess, not all states have such agreements with FERC. In the absence of a MOU, developers should consider requesting co-ordinated state and federal reviews as part of a project’s overall permitting strategy. In many cases, this should be “step one” in a developer’s play book for projects located in non-MOU states. The potential benefi ts can be leveraged in many ways, saving time and capital throughout the permitting process, as well as while implementing post-permitting requirements such as mitigation measures.

Daron Threet is counsel in Dickstein Shapiro LLP’s Energy Practice, and Larry Eisenstat is a partner at Dickstein Shapiro LLP and head of its Energy Practice.

Dickstein Shapiro LLP | www.dicksteinshapiro.com

States Take Steps to Expedite Hydrokinetic

Project ReviewsBy Daron Threet (left) & Larry Eisenstat (right)

The potential benefi ts can be leveraged in many ways, saving time and capital throughout the permitting process



First-of-its-kind jobs study for the hydropower industryFollowing up on its 2009 analysis, independent Navigant Consulting Inc. fi nds that hydropower can support 1.4 million new cumulative jobs by 2025 with strong federal policy support. Both Western states with project development potential, and manufacturing states like Pennsylvania and Ohio, stand to gain tens-of-thousands of jobs if a strong national RES is implemented by 2025. To learn more, including a state-by-state comparison of job growth under a weak versus strong national RES, visit the National Hydropower website.National Hydropower Assocation | www.hydro.org

Wave energy developer Aquamarine Power recently unveiled the design of its Oyster 2 wave energy convertor, which will be built in Scotland this summer. The new 800kW device will measure 26 metres by 16 metres and will deliver 250% more power than the original Oyster 1, which was successfully deployed at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) in Orkney last summer. The new device incorporates design improvements on Oyster 1, enabling it to produce more energy, be simpler to install, and easier to maintain.

The company will begin deployment of three Oyster 2s at EMEC in summer 2011. All three devices will be linked to a single onshore 2.4 MW hydro-electric turbine. A small farm of 20 Oyster 2 devices would provide enough energy for more than 12,000 homes.

“The design concept remains exactly the same, but we have improved every element of that design, from the size and shape of the Oyster fl ap, to the hydraulic power take off and pipeline system,” says company CEO Martin Mc-Adam. “Oyster 2 has very few moving parts and the hydraulic elements are modular, meaning they can be swapped in and out as maintenance is required.”

McAdams adds: “We are grateful to the UK Government for supporting the development of Oyster 2 through funding from the Marine Renewables Proving Fund (MRPF), which is managed by the Carbon Trust. Continued government support is required to enable companies such as Aquamarine Power to capitalize on their technology.”Aquamarine Power | www.aquamarinepower.com/technologies

Self-lubricating bearings & bushingsVesconite Hilube is ideal for water lubricated hydro power applications. The benefi ts of Vesconite Hilube include: reduced main-tenance costs; reduce environmental risk; dimensional stability; as well as a product that is readily available. Vesconite Hilube does not swell in water or delaminate. It has also been successfully fi tted in the following hydro applications: wicket gate bushings; link arm

bushings; main turbine shaft bushings; valves; penstocks; and, trash rakes. Visit the company site and use their online Design-a-Bearing calculators to assess the required application and design a Vesconite Hilube bushing.Vesconite | www.vesconite.com

Aquamarine Power Unveils Oyster 2 Design

Development potential: Adding hydropower to non-hydro dams Many hydropower developers are eyeing non-powered dams as an option for adding generation. In the United States, only a small percentage of dams are used to generate electricity, leaving much potential in adding hydro generation to existing non-hydro dams. The number of proposals to build new hydropower capacity in the US is up about 30% from two years ago, federal regulatory of-fi cials reported. Many of such proposals are at existing federal dams.

It has been estimated that, of the 82,000 US dams, only 3% are used to gener-ate electricity. Currently, it takes about fi ve years to obtain a license to install hy-dro capacity at existing non-powered dams. The National Hydropower Associa-tion has asked the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to cut the licensing process down to two years by establishing a more effi cient system.National Hydropower Association | www.hydro.org



HydroVision InternationalJuly 27th to 30th, 2010 • Charlotte Convention Center—Charlotte, North Carolinawww.hydroevent.com

Join more than 2,500 attendees and over 250 exhibiting companies from around the world for a week of informative hydropower-focused meetings, workshops, tours, as well as an extensive program and exhibition. HydroVision International will highlight perspectives on the role of hydropower, explore issues affecting hydro resources, and help participants develop a vision to meet challenges and ensure the fu-ture sustainability of hydro.

Show in PrintFeatures just some of the companies and technologies attendees will see at this year’s show.

Dam monitoring instrumentationGeokon Incorporated, designer and manufacturer of high-quality geotechnical monitoring instrumenta-tion, has developed a line of vibrating wire sensors renowned for their stability and long-term perfor-mance over a wide range of operating environments. Products include piezometers, extensometers, strain gages, crackmeters, jointmeters, settlements sensors, load cells, pressure cells, inclinometers, dataloggers, and many other custom items made to order. Geokon serves the hydropower industry on a worldwide basis through a network of agencies.Geokon, Inc. | www.geokon.com

Silicone fouling combatant FUJIFILM Smart Surfaces’ advanced silicone Duplex Fouling Release Coating System technology combats fouling by indigenous or invasive aquatic organisms such as barnacles, zebra mussels, and quagga mussels. Combating takes place without the use of toxins, poi-sons, or heavy metals. Additionally, hydro generating plant owners and operators will experience enhanced performance and operating efficiencies from immersed equipment and structures due to the superior hydrody-namic properties of the silicone topcoat. Hydro gen-eration owners or operators that are plagued with bio-fouling conditions and that desire improved and en-hanced efficiencies from equipment and operations, as well as reduced costs and downtime will benefit from investigating FUJIFILM Smart Surfaces’ advanced silicone Duplex Fouling Release Coating System.FujiFilm Smart Surfaces, LLCwww.fujifilmsmartsurfaces.com

Controllers, SCADA & networkingSoftPLC Corporation provides embedded systems, open architecture controllers and I/O (PLC's/PAC's), PC-based SCADA/HMI, network security products, and communication gateways (protocol converters). Thousands of companies utilize SoftPLC Corpora-tion’s products in applications ranging from simple machines to complete distributed plant-wide process control. These products provide lower cost options, but more performance. SoftPLC controllers are used in generation of over 20% of hydropower in the US, as well as many other hydro/fi sh applications.SoftPLC Corporation | http://softplc.com

Hydro power generation products & service repairsHorner Industrial Services provides complete service repair, equipment replacement packages, and products to the hydro power generation industry. Horner offers turnkey project management services including engi-neering services, generator rewinds and upgrades with VPI, large machine shop and mechanical repair capa-bilities, metal fabrication, licensed electrical contractor services, and control systems repair and replacement. They are distributors for Toshiba, ABB, G.E., and US/Emerson, just to name a few. Horner Industrial Services | www.heapg.com

Heat exchangers for power industryApplied Cooling Technology Group (ACT Group) is a manufacturer of heat exchangers for the power industry using their own patented fi nned tube con-struction, which offers high performance and long life for generator air coolers, as well as traditional shell & tube oil coolers. ACT offers a design facility for new heat exchangers alongside the repair and replacement of existing heat exchangers. Materials commonly used include copper nickel, stainless steel, and titanium. Information on lead and fi bre packing rings & ferrules, tube plate ‘Façade’ repair systems, and non-destructive tube plugs is available online. Applied Cooling Technology Group www.appliedcool.com

http://tinyurl.com/hydropdf

Energy dissipation & anti-cavitation solutionsRoss Valve has been designing and manufacturing wa-ter control solutions at their factories since 1879. They use considerable engineering experience to develop valves that offer superior performance in demanding conditions, and effectively suppress vibration, pressure fl uctuations, cavitation, and noise. Ross Valve’s product line includes a variety of solutions that can be custom-ized to deal with specifi c challenges, whether they include high-pressure drops, high velocities, pressure surging, cavitation, or other demanding conditions.Ross Valve | www.rossvalve.com



Bolting solutions Only hand/air tools are required to install or remove any size Multi-Jackbolt Tensioner (MJT)—the use of expensive and high-powered tooling is no longer needed. Retrofi t or replace existing hex nuts and bolts with MJT tensioners and experience safer, faster, and more economical bolting. Application case studies are available online. Superbolt | www.superbolt.com

Troutman Sanders LLP is one of the world’s leading energy law firms. We have represented clients in energy matters since the 1920s, and our climate change practice has been active for nearly two decades. From this foundation of experience, we have developed a dynamic renewable energy practice that advises clients worldwide at every stage, from investment and tax structuring to development, construction and operation.

As your plans for solar, wind and renewable energy projects emerge, put the energy of our lawyers to work for you. For more information, contact:

Craig Kline - 212.704.6150 Phil Spector - [email protected] [email protected]

Brian Harms - 404.885.3682 Todd Coles - 202.274.2810 [email protected] [email protected]

Lara Skidmore - 503.535.0645 [email protected]

650 lawyers | 50 practice areas | troutmansanders.com/renewable_energy

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Generator protectionSchweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. (SEL) showcases their newly released SEL-700G Generator Protection Relay. The SEL-700G provides complete gen-erator protection and a synchronizing solution for synchronous generators. The SEL-700G includes IEEE C37.118 synchrophasors for load modeling, islanding detection, disturbance recording, improved situational awareness, and real-time control. Numerous communications options are available including Ethernet, IEC 61850, DNP3, and Modbus. SEL serves the power industry worldwide through the design, manufacture, supply, and support of products and services for power system protection, monitoring, control, automation, and metering. Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. (SEL) | www.selinc.com

Hydropower technical & engineering solutionsHydro Tech Inc.(HTI) is a specialized provider of technical services and engineer-ing solutions to the hydropower industry. HTI provides re-babbitting and repair of existing turbines, while also specializing in the design and supply of PTFE (PolyTetraFluoro-Ethylene) thrust bearing conversions for babbitt thrust bearings globally. HTI’s PTFE bearing conversions provide: increased load capacity (unit plus hydraulic thrust) of at least 100%; lowered friction and running temperatures; as well as increased durability of units. They also provide complete overhauls and upgrades of generator turbine components and auxiliary equipment. HTI assures quick and accurate vertical alignments, completing most rotational alignments within one to two days including installation and removal of measuring equipment. Their electronic equipment measures to 0.000029 inches per foot off plumb (ver-ticality), ensuring accurate alignment. HTI’s metrology services utilize the latest portable Class II laser technology to measure parts or complex 3D surfaces for in-spections, alignments, new set-ups, and reverse engineering. Hydro Tech Inc. | www.hydrotech-inc.ca

Flange facers for on-site machiningClimax Portable Machine Tools introduces rugged portable fl ange facers de-signed for on-site machining of fl ange surfaces on valves, pump housings, and piping systems. The machines enable customers to attain the highest level of power and precision, so machining jobs get done faster and more effi ciently. Flange facer models include Climax FF6200 (facing range 20 to 50 inches | 508 to 1270 mm); Climax FF7200 (facing range 30 to 72 inches | 762 to 1829 mm); and, Climax FF8200 (facing range 45 to 120 iches |1143 to 3048 mm).

The fl ange facers have a patented safety feature that lets an operator remotely adjust the feed-rate while the machine is still running, and achieves infi nitely variable feed rates from 0.002 to 0.035-inch/rev (0.0508 to 0.889 mm/rev). Con-struction-grade bearings provide powerful, rigid performance throughout the entire machining range. Turning arm and tool head rotates 360° and generates phonographic fi nishes. Modular design simplifi es machine set-up and tear down. Climax Portable Machine Tools | www.cpmt.com



Engineering consultantsAyres Associates is a national engineering consultant providing a range of services for hydroelectric facil-ity owners. Whether a dam is a source for hydropower or a means for regulating water supply, enhancing recreation, or preserving wildlife habitat, Ayres Associates can assist with client needs in dam design and rehabilitation; physical inspections and evaluations; emergency action plans; operation and maintenance assistance; regulatory compliance (including assistance with FERC licensing applications, US Army Corps of Engineers permits, and state and local government permits); and, hydrologic and hydraulic analyses. Ayres Associates has a history of fi nding innovative solutions to meet clients’ needs, including develop-ing the fl oating bulkhead to signifi cantly reduce the cost of dewatering structures for repairs and main-tenance, and developing a vertical-lift two-leaf gate to replace stoplogs. They can also provide divers to perform underwater inspections, qualifi ed surveyors to perform land and hydrographic surveys and stream gaging, as well as certifi ed construction observers.Ayres Associates | www.ayresassociates.com

Custom self-lubricating bearingsColumbia Industrial Products (CIP) manufactures CIP Composites that are self-lubricating, composite bearing, and wear materials. Specifi c to the hydropower in-dustry is CIP Hydro Composites, which are being utilized as sleeve/fl ange bearings, wear pads, and thrust washers. CIP Hydro is a long-lasting, wear-resistant bearing material that can aid in eliminating complex lubrication systems while reducing the frequency of undesired replacements. As a composite material, CIP Hydro has high-load, high-impact capabilities while remaining lightweight and corrosion-resistant. CIP Hydro composites offer low co-effi cient of friction, negligible mois-ture absorption, and great dimensional stability in wet and dry environments. It is a 100% bearing material with high-edge load and shock load capabilities. CIP Hydro is custom-designed to specifi cations, and can be utilized as wicket gate bearings, pump bearings, main operating ring wear pads, and more. Columbia Industrial Products | www.ciphydro.com

Bushings & bearingsOiles Bushings are manufactured using Oiles 500SP SL4. Oiles America’s material is a high-strength bronze alloy impregnated with PTFE solid lubricant. The solid lubricant material is distributed in a specifi c pattern depending on the motion. The design can meet the most demanding applications, which include small oscilla-tions +/- 1 degree. Oiles bearings are designed for high-load, long service life, and maintenance-free operation. Oiles 500AB SL4 is a nickel aluminum bronze for sea water and other corrosive environments. Oiles products are designed to run in the most demanding environments such as pumped storage units. Oiles is known for its exceptional quality with zero failures. Oiles America Corporation | www.oiles.com

Hydro generation techniciansAustralian Winders USA has been formed to meet the growing demand for skilled rewinding technicians in the US market, and they provide professional service and project management. Specializing in hydro generation in the US, they have a team of experienced winders ready to respond to outage needs. These skilled technicians can take on any part of a generation project from a simple repair or testing to an entire restack and rewind. Australian Winders USA is a US subsidiary of their Australia-based parent company. Though based in New York, Australian Winders USA and Australian Winders can travel globally to meet customer needs. Australian Winders USA | http://australianwindersusa.com

Hydro debris removalManufactured in Northern Wisconsin, the Ashland Industries Hydro Trash Rake is quickly becoming popular in the hydro electric industry. A knuckle-style boom device, it has an articulating rake and opposing thumb attachment at the end of the boom, and sweeps the rack bars of any debris on its upward stroke—all while a facility remains under full generation. Both models, the TR 3500 and TR 5000, are capable of reaching depths of 35 feet and 50 feet, respectively. Operators that purchase and install Ashland Trash Rakes are able to economically solve a recurring debris problem for facilities that require removal of debris from either an intake or fl ood control facility. From factory to facility, Ashland Industries consistently remains on schedule, ensuring owners have their debris removal needs met or exceeded.Ashland Industries | www.hydrotrashrakes.com

hydrovision international show in print



geothermal energy

Geothermal can be split into two main categories: one using “hot rock,” the

other “warm soil” technology. Far more common, or commonly referred to, is the former. Hot rock technology is popular, but expensive to construct and restricted to suit-able rock formations. But what about the other type?

Warm soil technology uses a shallow bore hole a few hundred feet deep and can be installed in almost any type of ground. The temperature of the soil is more stable than the air throughout the seasons, making it ideal for heating and cooling buildings. Ten meters (33 feet) down the temperature is generally about 13°C (55°F), but can range from 5°C (40°F) in very cold regions to 20°C (70°F) in extremely hot climates. This stability can be used with geoexchange heat pumps to transfer heat out of the ground in winter to heat buildings, and can be reversed to cool buildings in summer. Geoexchange is a common term for this type of energy use.

The energy source for geoexchange is mainly solar. Relatively shallow 45m to

200m (150 ft to 660 ft) bore holes collect this energy from the ground via high density polyethylene pipes. These can be laid out horizontally in trenches, or sunk vertically into bore holes. The vertical bores holes offer greater effi ciency and take up less ground area. The installation process allows them to be installed into exist-ing properties without massive disruption to the landscaping.

A geoexchange heat pump system using warm soil is split into three main parts: 1. The heat collection system buried underground; 2. The heat pump; and 3. The delivery system throughout the building.

There are several heat collection methods including vertical drilled bores (the most popular) with loop pipes inside them; horizontal pipes laid one to two meters (three to six feet) under the surface; and, even pipes underwater in large ponds or lakes. When the system is cooling a building it works just like a typical air conditioning unit with one small difference—the geoexchange unit dumps heat from the build-ing into the ground not into the outside air.

The ground is cooler than the hot air outside so the heat pump does not have to work so hard and uses less energy to cool the building. When the system is reversed on a cold day, stored heat can be pumped out of the ground and used to warm the building. The heat is not generated by burning a fossil fuel but, rather, it is simply moved from the ground into the building, which is why it is so effi cient and clean.

However, the system needs to be designed correctly or the heat energy will cause the ground temperature to slowly match the temperature of the loop, reducing its effi ciency. Once the correct calculations have been made, vertical bore holes about 13cm to 15cm (fi ve to six inches) in diameter are drilled into the ground. A 50m (164 feet) geothermal loop can produce about one ton of cooling (18,000 Btu/hr), depending on geological conditions. An average home would need a three- to four-ton (36,000 Btu/hr to 48,000 Btu/hr) heat pump system and 150m to 200m (490 ft to 660 ft) of geothermal bore hole. A single bore, or several shorter ones, can be drilled to provide the needed heat transfer. The bores each have a loop of pipe in-serted all the way to the bottom. The loops are then connected together, insulated

With the new generation of track mounted drill rigs, bores can be installed in very small back yards with very little disturbance to the landscaping. This small geoexchange drill rig is only 1.2m

The Other Type ofGeothermal Power:GeoExchange

By Simon Duck

www.gefco.com

Field Proven.QuikDrill■

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near the surface, and plumbed into the heat pump. The loops are commonly fi lled with water and are brought into close contact with refrigerant pipes inside the heat pump. This is where the heat is exchanged by the heat pump.

Once the heat pump has collected the heat, it can be pumped into the building for heating. A blower can be used to force warm air into rooms or pipes under the fl oor, and it is possible to have heated water pumped pipes to create under fl oor heating. To cool a building, air from inside the building is forced over the chilled refrigerant pipes and blown into the rooms where it is needed.

In the United States in 2009, there was a 40% growth in geoexchange installa-tions. A geothermal heat pump using warm soil technology is the most effi cient form of heating and cooling that has ever been discovered. It provides low-cost heat without directly burning a fossil fuel into a home. The cost-savings when using this system for heating can be as much as 70% when compared to burning a fossil fuel, or a 50% energy saving when cooling.

The energy from the sun is absorbed by the earth every day; why not make use of this free energy?

Techno Drill LLC | www.technodrillusa.com



geothermal energy

The Canadian Geothermal Energy Association (CanGEA) recently

released the CanGEA Member Projects Database. The report, which outlines more than 70 different projects under development around the world, is a major step for the Canadian geothermal energy industry and the fi rst of its kind for Canada.

According to the report, CanGEA members are currently working on developing more than 1,400 MW of new geothermal power, in addition to nearly 2,000 MW of currently installed geothermal capacity. The projects listed span four continents

and 11 countries, giving CanGEA members a global reach in their operations. Although there is currently no geothermal power production in Canada, there are a number of projects under development that may soon come online to supply Canada’s fi rst few megawatts of geothermal power.

“Canada occupies an interesting position as a nation with vast geothermal potential, extensive knowledge and expertise in geothermal development, and strong interest from fi nancial markets, yet has no geothermal power production,” said David Gowland, policy director for CanGEA.

Oddly enough, Canada has a long history of geothermal development for direct-use applications such as hot springs. In fact, the fi rst such developments date back to the days of Canada’s fi rst cross-country railroad when the Banff Hot Springs were discovered and, subsequently, developed into a world-renowned tourist attraction. Similar developments throughout Canada’s western provinces followed such as the Radium and Terrace hot springs, which date back more than 100 years. The next frontier for Canadian geothermal development is to expand these geothermal resources for power production.

The CanGEA Member Projects Database confi rms that Canadian geothermal developers have both the knowledge and experience to bring Canada’s vast geothermal potential to fruition. As Gowland notes, “Establishing a framework to classify geothermal project development is an essential fi rst step in bringing geothermal power online in Canada. This type of clarity and transparency in reporting and categorization will enable greater investment and confi dence for industry going forward.”

Typically projects have been categorized in terms of resource development. The CanGEA Member Projects Database instead recognizes three levels of “Geothermal Resources” and two levels of “Geothermal Reserves.” With increasing geological knowledge and confi dence a

CanadianGeothermal

EnergyProject

DatabaseBy Nicole Robson



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Geothermal Resource progresses from Inferred, to Indicated, to Measured. Similarly, with consideration of energy recovery and conversion, economic, marketing, environmental, social, legal, and regulatory factors (all Modifying Factors), the resource may be labeled a “Probable” or “Proved Geothermal Reserve.”

The Database utilizes the Canadian Geothermal Code for Public Reporting to provide a framework for comparison among industry players. Included in the Database is the “Geothermal Progress Checklist,” which lays out the framework to categorize projects under development based on geological knowledge and modifying factors such as economic and legal factors. The checklist highlights the necessary steps in the development of a geothermal resource from exploration to production. Applying this framework allows for universal comparison among projects under development, and also provides the cursory framework to adhere to the Canadian Geothermal Code for Public Reporting.

Already the Code has seen widespread adoption from industry and investors. For many, the advent of the Code ushered in a more effective means of comparing geothermal developers and their projects by providing a basis for transparency, consistency, and confi dence in public reporting of geothermal information. However, there is still a great deal of work to be done in providing education and awareness for the Code, and in terms of how it will impact the industry. In response, the Canadian Geothermal Energy Association has begun hosting training seminars while adding to their roster of Qualifi ed Persons for geothermal exploration assessment and verifi cation.

“At this early stage in the development of the Canadian geothermal energy industry, CanGEA, on behalf of its members, is working hard to facilitate the development and adoption of geothermal power for Canadian and export markets” says Gowland.

CanGEA is eager to have their members turn their attention inward to develop domestic geothermal resources, but notes that further government support is also needed. The CanGEA Member Projects Database is intended to raise awareness of Canadian geothermal developers and attract attention and policy reform to the industry. As Canada strives to have 90% of its electricity provided by non-emitting sources, geothermal power is sure to play an increasingly

important role in Canada’s energy supply. With any luck, the next iteration of the Database will include Canada’s fi rst geothermal power production—effectively ending Canada’s long-standing absence from the list of geothermal power producing nations.

CanGEA is a national industry association that believes they can provide competitively priced, emissions-free, renewable, base-load energy to Canadians and to US export markets. Visit their site for a copy of the CanGEA Member Projects Database. Canadian Geothermal Energy Association (CANGEA)www.cangea.ca



Geothermal split system air handlersClimateMaster has introduced the new Tranquility (TAH) Air Handler Series with sizes in the 26, 38, 49, and 64 MBH range. Tranquility air handlers are specifi cally designed and matched for use with the Tranquility indoor and outdoor geothermal split systems, making them an ideal choice for hi-effi ciency retrofi ts. When paired with a split unit, the TAH has the highest energy effi ciency ratings of any system on the market today and uses the environmentally friendly refrigerant, Earthpure HFC0410A. It also exceeds ASHRAE 90.1 and Energy Star 3.0 effi ciencies, and meets federal requirements for the 30% tax credit on installation costs.

TAH units are fully convertible upfl ow, downfl ow, horizontal, as well as right and left downfl ow, making them ideal for remote applications such as a crawl spaces or attics. Other features include condensate over-fl ow protection, 230v-115v compatibility, bi-directional thermal expansion valve, control transformer with circuit breaker protection, large removable access panels, and dehumidifi cation mode for high latent cooling. Options include electronic thermostat and auto-changeover thermostat with 3-stage heat, 2-stage cool, indicator LEDs, and a 10-year limited labor allowance. ClimateMaster | www.climatemaster.com

– Celebrating 50 Years of Clean, Renewable Power –

OCTOBER 2010 2223

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Geothermal Resources Council

34th Annual Meeting

& GEA Trade Show

October 24-27, 2010Sacramento Convention Center

Sacramento, California

visit our website at www.geothermal.org

You won’t want to miss this opportunity to learn of new and

DON’T FORGET...to mark your calendar

Ormat Technologies, Inc. announced it will accelerate geothermal exploration work this summer on Mount Spurr following Alaska Governor Sean Parnell’s sign-ing of Senate Bill 243. Originally, the annual royalty rate paid from geothermal production on state lands was a minimum of 10% of gross revenues. This bill signifi cantly reduces that rate to the same level paid on Federal land.

“Alaskans want to live and work where they have access to reliable and affordable energy,” said the bill’s sponsor Senator Lesil McGuire. “By reducing the royalty rate on geothermal power, we acknowledge the unusually high costs of geothermal development in Alaska but still protect the State’s interests. This bill will ultimately lower the cost of clean, reliable power to the ratepayers.”

“SB 243 provides the initial regulatory framework that is critical to attracting private sector investment capital necessary to develop Alaska's vast and very promising geothermal resources,” said Rep. Mike Hawker. “The geothermal resource in south-central Alaska has the potential to replace nearly one-third of our region’s electrical generation that is currently de-pendent upon a nearly depleted supply of natural gas from Cook Inlet. Geothermal resource development is one of the routes to our future energy security and SB 243 is the fi rst step down that road.”

In October 2008, Ormat Technologies leased ap-proximately 36,000 acres of state land through a competitive bid process, and has since conducted early exploration work at the site. Ormat plans to begin drilling core holes this year as part of exploration and

early fi eld development, which is expected to take three years. Construction is forecasted to last another three years. Ormat hopes to be the fi rst Independent Power Provider selling geothermal power to utilities in Alaska.

Geothermal energy is a well-proven form of reliable, affordable, base-load renewable energy. “Geothermal energy equals green energy,” said Rep. Charisse Mil-lett. “Geothermal electrical production has been used for decades all over the world and, with the passage of Senate Bill 243, Alaska is taking a big step to utilize this proven and secure energy resource.”

Ormat Technologies, Inc. | www.ormat.com

Legislation spurs geothermal exploration

geothermal energy

North American Clean Energy is published 6 times a year.To subscribe, go to www.nacleanenergy.com

VOLUME 4 ISSUE 4


VOLUME 4 ISSUE 4

C i





Recognized as a pollutant by the Environmental Protec-tion Agency, carbon dioxide (CO2) and its capture has

become a major focal point with energy companies, refi ner-ies, and other large industries. Capturing carbon dioxide emissions from various industrial processes keeps it from entering the atmosphere, helping to maintain a cleaner envi-ronment and reducing the potential for global warming.

However, one company is going beyond simply sequester-ing harmful carbon dioxide emissions by recycling the CO2as food for algae with its unique, patent-pending photobio-reactor system. Instead of dealing with emissions by bury-ing them underground or at the bottom of the ocean, these patent-pending processes allow carbon emissions to serve as the catalyst for the growth of algae. The algal biomass grown then becomes the raw material feedstock for a wide range of other benefi cial products such as biofuels (i.e. bio-diesel, bio-jet fuel, bio-gasoline), nutraceuticals (including vitamins), specialty chemical products, vegetable oils, and animal feed, just to name a few.

The photobioreactor systemCreated to recycle carbon dioxide into useful products, the photobioreactor is constructed of steel framing, specialty clear pipe, and pumps in which carbon dioxide is mixed with other nutrients to feed algae. To facilitate algae growth, the photobioreactor needed a PVC piping that not only pre-vented harmful ultraviolet wavelengths from damaging the PVC, but also allowed light wavelengths that are benefi cial to algae growth to pass through. In addition to its UV-resistant properties and sunlight transmission characteristics, the pip-ing system (EnviroKingUV) was used and selected due to its corrosion-resistance and pressure-bearing capability.

The inner workings of its photobioreactor—the algae and their growing environment—are contained in smaller Bio-Blade units, open metal frames containing stacks of intercon-nected horizontal runs of EnviroKingUV pipe that circulate the algae. Each BioBlade slides into the photobioreactor structure in a fashion similar to a computer server “blade” sliding into a chassis. The photobioreactor system uses more than 700 gallons of treated water per BioBlade unit, and each BioBlade has its own 250-gallon water tank and pump. If one BioBlade experiences mechanical problems, its isolation from the other reactors means that the rest of the photobioreactor system will not be affected. Each BioBlade unit operates in-dependently from the entire photobioreactor while support-ing the entire system, as well.

Handling, installation, and designThe PVC piping system provides the backbone of both each BioBlade unit and each photobioreactor unit as a whole.

Because of this, the pipe must be extremely durable and per-form well on a daily basis. Handling and installation were also important considerations when choosing piping for the photobioreactor development. Using an extremely light-weight pipe made it easy to handle and install. Additionally, the pipe within the BioBlade units was joined via solvent-welded joining techniques, resulting in quick, strong, leak-tight seals.

Furthermore, proper pipe design and construction is criti-cal in the building of photobioreactors used for algae pro-duction. One of the most important factors that control cell growth in a photobioreactor is light availability—the ideal pipe will provide optimal light transmission and allowance. The following baseline test was conducted to determine the PVC pipe most suited for the construction of their patent-pending photobioreactor. Three different pipes were tested, including two different types of competing four-inch clear PVC pipe with UV protection, and one constructed from a two-inch clear PVC pipe.

TestingTo conduct this test, three closed-loop photobioreactors were constructed for the purposes of recycling an industrial grade of CO2. The intent was to grow algae in each photobioreac-tor in direct sunlight and observe the results relating to both pipe life and algae growth and maintenance. Gravity circu-lated water was used in the photobioreactors to which fresh medium was continuously added while culture liquid was removed to keep the culture volume constant and provide for testing. And, three species of algae were used with a similar mix of nutrients for each. The overriding goal was to deter-mine the stability and growth potential of each pipe format.

ResultsPipe testing yielded three sets of subject data: pipe life in di-rect sunlight, pipe thermal absorption properties, and algae growth ability. The pipe that provided the best overall growth medium in all tested conditions was the EnviroKing UV ThinWall four-inch Clear PVC pipe, providing an additional 11% better growth environment than the other pipes tested.

The development of this patent-pending photobioreactor pro-vides an innovative method to capture and recycle carbon emis-sions, which can then be converted them into an array of benefi -cial products while minimizing impact on our environment.

Bill Weaver is the director of Technical Services at Harvel Plastics, Inc.

Ternion Bio Industries | www.ternionbio.com

Harvel | www.harvel.com

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ConvertingCarbon Dioxide Gasinto a Clean Combination of Algae & OxygenBy Bill Weaver



It’s all about processing corn products. At least for Casco, Inc.—one of Canada’s oldest manufacturers of corn-refi ned

ingredients such as sweeteners, starches, oil, and animal feed. Its products are used in over 60 industries from food and beverage to pharmaceuticals and animal nutrition. However, with processing corn products, comes waste. The company recently upgraded its four million-gallon wastewater anaero-bic digester at its Cardinal plant to include a fl oating and in-sulated geomembrane cover, effectively streamlining biogas collection, improving odor control, and optimizing bioreac-tor heat retention.

The plant processes 70 million pounds of corn monthly. Along with this is its need to process a continuing effl uent of organic waste. A total average volume of 792,000 gallons (106,000 cubic feet) of wastewater per day enters its treat-ment facility. Eighty percent of this effl uent is fi rst processed through its anaerobic digester.

Wastewater generation Casco’s BVF (bulk volume fermenter) was designed and built in 1988. It is limited to receiving 641,000 gallons (85,000 cubic feet) of wastewater per day, as specifi ed by the Ministry of the Environment (MOE), the agency responsible for set-ting wastewater standards in Ontario, Canada. This effl uent is generated from several areas of the plant through a process referred to as wet milling, where various components from the exterior and interior of the kernel are mechanically and chem-ically separated. Essentially, the protein (gluten meal or corn meal) is separated from the starch, which is then either refi ned into sugar or turned into a food-grade or industrial-grade starch. Various surfactants (surface active agents) are used to effect chemical modifi cations to the physical properties of the granules to manufacture different grades of starch. This pro-cess creates wastewater effl uent going into the BVF.

Case Study: Floating Wastewater Geomembrane Cover

Improving anaerobic bioreactor biogas collectionBy Jim McMahon

biopower

During the conversion process, when changing the starch to sugar, ion exchange resins are used that re-quire hydrochloric acid and caustic for regeneration. The initial regeneration fl ow along, and sugar that is rinsed out with the resins goes out as wastewater to the BVF. Subsequent rinses with a COD (Chemical Oxy-gen Demand) of less than 1,000 ppm are diverted to the plant’s aerobic basin. The sugar refi nery is the big-gest supplier of wastewater to the system, accounting for 70% of the plant’s total effl uent.

Floating geomembrane cover Anaerobic digestion is a process where micro-organ-isms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen, which is used widely to treat wastewater sludges and organic waste because it provides volume and mass reduction of the input material. At Casco, raw solids are added directly to the BVF bioreactor, where they are digested, minimizing waste sludge handling. Comparatively long retention times (typically greater than seven days) and the large physical size of the bio-reactor (in excess of four million gallons with a high volume of biomass in it), work together to provide the system with inherent stability against shock conditions such as by organics and solids loading, as well as tem-perature and pH fl uctuations.

The biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen primarily gives off methane, but also carbon dioxide and some traces of hydrogen sulfi de, which are labeled biogas. Although biogas-derived methane and carbon dioxide come from an organic source with a short carbon cycle, they still contribute to increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. This is diminished, however, when biogas is combusted. The energy release allows biogas to be used as a fuel to run any type of heat engine, or to generate either mechanical or electrical power. In essence, anaerobic digestion is a renewable energy source that converts wastewater to a methane and carbon dioxide-rich biogas suitable for energy production, replacing fossil fuels.

The Casco Cardinal plant has used a geomembrane cover on its BVF bioreactor since it became opera-tional. However, the company has upgraded to an im-proved fl oating design, insulated geomembrane cover with a streamlined capability to collect biogas. The cover captures and reclaims all of the biogas from the treatment process going on inside the anaerobic tank. Without a cover, the biogas would be released into the atmosphere. The geomembrane cover is collecting an average of 236,000 cubic feet of biogas per day from the bioreactor at a 65% methane concentration.

The new, fl oating and insulated geomembrane cover is made up of a one-inch layer of polyethylene foam lami-nated to polyethylene sheeting on the bottom (wastewa-ter facing) side. The top layer is a non-laminated sheet of 40 mil specialty PVC (Ethylene Interpolymer Alloy) that acts as a gastight barrier to keep the biogas from passing through. It also incorporates a highly special-ized weave design that provides maximum strength-to-weight ratios. Since this top-sheet is exposed to the sun, it is equipped with advanced UV inhibitors.

The cover’s polyethylene sheeting and insulation are not meant to be gastight, but are perforated to allow bi-ogas to pass through and become trapped by the top lay-

er. This design has exceptional seam strength, extreme puncture and tear resistance, low thermal expansion and contraction properties, a wide range of chemical resist-ance, high fl exibility, and dimensional stability under high loads and temperature fl uctuations—making it ide-al for anaerobic bioreactor fl oating cover applications. The geomembrane cover lays on the surface of the bio-reactor, which provides buoyancy for the cover system. It works under a vacuum, using a blower system that keeps the gases withdrawn and suctioned underneath the cover. The system incorporates a novel fl oating-beam design, which not only assists in initial deployment of the cover panels over large bioreactors, but also creates a tent-like effect giving extra migration paths for the bi-ogas to follow. The beams themselves are hollow molded plastic, but they are also biogas-tight. Aluminum angles are bolted down to all panel sides of the cover to make a gastight seal, and a very strong connection so the panels maintain a constant vacuum.

Once the biogas is collected, several options are available to the plant including disposal of the gas in a fl are, or use as a fuel to provide process heat or to generate electricity. The Casco plant is currently fl ar-ing the gas, and is examining options for utilizing the biogas within the plant.

Improving BVF heat retentionThe effi ciency of the BVF bioreactor—its ability to maintain digestion of the continuously incoming infl u-ent and its commensurate production of biogas—is critically dependent upon keeping the temperature of the BFV reactor at 25° to 32°C. This is particularly im-portant in cooler, northern climates. Heat loss in large volumes of wastewater translates to energy loss, and this lost heat must then be compensated for by adding heat. Casco has supplemented its BVF reactor with heat generated from its refi nery wastewater, which has been intentionally heated to maintain the bioreactor’s temperature.

Its new geomembrane cover design provides a heightened level of insulation material to better hold heat within the reactor, and its snug fi t reduces heat loss to a greater extent than the previous cover. Addi-tionally, elimination of water evaporation and increased prevention of sunlight penetration improve mainte-nance of appropriate water temperatures. Minimizing heat loss, as well as preventing potential ice build-up in the BVF, has decreased the company’s energy con-sumption and reduced its operating costs.

Geomembrane Technologies Inc. (GTI)www.gticovers.com

Casco, Inc., Division of Corn Products Internationalwww.casco.ca



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Progressive cavity pump The Larox progress cavity pump is designed for the most demanding industrial slurry and paste pumping applications. Due to its unique features and patented design, high efficiency and high pressure are achieved with a shorter construction. It also requires less energy, is easy to install, and requires less maintenance resulting in very low Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). With many innovative and patented features the new pump efficiency is significantly higher compared to conventional progress cavity pumps. It is also easy to install, saves power and maintenance time, offers longer servicing intervals with better pumping availability over a wide temperature and pressure range. The precise Evenwall 3D-technology with two-lobe rotor geometry allows for a rigid and tighter pumping unit compared to conventional progressive cavity pumps. All Larox progressive cavity pumps have a smaller interference between the rotor and stator reducing friction, with much lower starting torque and significantly higher pumping efficiency. Larox Flowsys Inc. | www.larox.fi/flowsys

Whole tree chipperMorbark, Inc. has added the compact 25/36 Whole Tree Chipper to its line-up of heavy duty whole tree chippers. The Morbark 25/36 uses the proven design and technologies of its big brothers, the Morbark 30/36 and 40/36 models, but with a more compact profi le. Aimed at the in-woods chipping market, the Morbark 25/36 Whole Tree Chipper is an ideal unit for those processing moderate volumes. Equipped with a 25" x 22" in-feed opening and horsepower options ranging from 325 HP to 400 HP, this chipper is compact but is still highly effi cient and productive. The 25/36 will allow operators to enter the biomass fuel market with a smaller capital investment. Morbark, Inc. | www.morbark.com

Drum chipperThe 4310 drum chipper is the latest in a long line of chip-ping and grinding machines produced by Peterson. The 4310 drum chipper is suited for high-volume biomass producers who have a wide variety of feed material, from logs up to 26 inches (66 cm) in diameter, to brush and small feed stock. The 4310 is powered by a 765 HP (570 kW) C18 Caterpillar engine. At 52,000 lbs (23,586 kg), the 4310 was designed for operations requiring high production and tracks for frequent moves between jobs. The chipper utilizes a 36-inch (914 mm) diameter by 40-inch (102 mm) wide drum. Other key features include a sloped feed deck for ease-of-feeding the chipper and wear resistant AR 400 wear surfaces on the drum pockets and shell. Optional material sizing grates minimize oversize twigs and branches in the chips, and an optional chip accelerator helps with loading.

Traditional babbit type knife systems are standard equip-ment. Chip length can be changed from 1/2-inch (13 mm) to one-inch (25.4 mm) by adjusting knife extension and feed speed. A top loading or an end loading spout is available depending on the application. The 4310’s new generation of controls includes Peterson’s high-production Adaptive Control System, which provides self-diagnosis for faulty sensors and open circuits. Fault indicators make troubleshooting easy. The 4310 control panel features an LCD display that provides the operator the complete engine and system parameters to simplify set-up and effi -ciently operate the machine.Peterson Pacifi c Corporation | www.petersoncorp.com

Mechanical briquetting pressesBriquettes and fuel pucks are the intelligent al-ternative to pellets: less capital intensive, lower operational costs, and higher densification of the biomass. Di Più Srl offers 30 years of experience in the design and manufacture of heavy duty mechanical briquetting presses, and provides full support to design, supply, install, service and parts in North and Central America. Highly dependable, these presses reach pressures up to 36,000 psi. Briquettes and fuel pucks can be made from wood, as well as wood waste, paper, cardboard, agricultural and energy fibers, nuts and grain shells, MSW, RDF, water treatment plants solids, coffee grinds, and much more. Bri-quetting, or compressing into pucks, make these materials ready for the energy markets. Sunomi LLC | www.sunomi-llc.com

Waste heat power generationCalnetix Power Solutions (Calnetix) announced a new revenue stream for organizations whose machinery and industrial processes generate low-temperature waste heat. Calnetix estimates that two-thirds of the fuel burned to generate power is lost as heat. Its new range of Waste Heat Power Generation machines can turn heat generated by small-scale reciprocating engines (such as landfi ll gas engines), biomass boilers, turbines, and indus-trial processes (including incinerators and process-ing plants) into electricity, which can then either be re-used or sold back to the grid. This is a proven technology that adds additional revenue streams with few variable costs to all kinds of manufacturers, agricultural waste sites, mills, landfi ll sites, and any other industrial process that generates waste heat at temperatures higher than 121ºC. Calnetix Power Solutions | www.calnetixps.com



November 1–3, 2010Montreal, QuebecCanWEA’s 2010 Annual Conference and Exhibition will bring together over 2,500 delegates and 250 exhibiting companies from around the world to discuss emerging opportunities in Canada’s rapidly growing wind energy industry. The event will provide an exclusive opportunity to network with industry leaders and generate new business.

Join us at Canada’s largest wind energy conference.

Canadian Wind Energy Association’s Annual Conference and Exhibition

REGISTERLearn more about the emerging opportunities in the Canadian wind energy industry

EXHIBITPromote your products and services and network with global industry professionals

SPONSOREnhance your corporate visibility and position your company as a leader in this rapidly growing industry

www.canwea2010.ca

Mid-sized horizontal grinderDuraTech’s versatile, new 5064 Horizontal Grinder is built to meet all grinding needs. The 5064 Horizontal Grinder is a more compact version of the massive 9564 Horizontal Grinder, and can be used in a variety of environments and applications. Not only is it available on either a track or trailer, but users can also choose from three different levels of CAT Tier III horsepower, rang-ing from 475 hp (354 kw) to 630 hp (470 kw). The large feed opening and 64-inch hammermill maximize grinding capacity and minimize job time. This mid-sized grinder increases effi ciency and maximizes investment. The 5064 Horizontal Grinder will be available this fall and can be ordered at local dealerships. DuraTech Industries | www.duratechindustries.net

New biomass guidelines protect trees & northeast forestsThe Forest Guild’s new, groundbreaking work, “Biomass Retention and Harvest-ing Guidelines for the Northeast,” is co-authored by Forest Guild Northeast regional director Bob Perschel and For-est Guild research director Dr. Zander Evans. It offers the fi rst regional targets for sustaining the ecological health and value of forests by preventing the removal of too much forest biomass—whole trees or harvest residues (tree tops or limbs)—when harvesting forests for renewable fuels. It also marks the fi rst time the concept of sustainability in harvesting guidelines includes managing forest carbon to mitigate climate change.

Rapidly increasing interest in biomass harvesting threatens wildlife and bio-diversity, water quality, long-term soil health, and forest growth. Although, there are state-based guidelines to pro-tect water quality, few states have guide-lines in place to protect essential ecologi-cal values when harvesting for biomass.

“Not all forest biomass is created equal.” explains co-author Perschel. “It can be damaging or supportive of eco-logical values; it can be benefi cial to cli-mate change mitigation or make things worse. The new Forest Guild science-based guidelines identify measurable and verifi able targets for trees, limbs, and woody material that must be left in the forest to assure forest health.”

Moreover, the facilities that use for-est biomass for energy often procure their supply from several states. The Forest Guild guidelines offer a consist-ent approach across state boundaries by covering the major forest types for New England and New York and have appli-cability to other states, as well. The new guidelines are available online.Forest Guild | www.forestguild.org

biopower


AWEA’s Fall 2010 Events

AWEA Wind Resource & Project Energy Assessment Workshop

September 14 – 15, 2010 4 Oklahoma City, OKwww.awea.org/events

AWEA North American Offshore Wind Conference & Exhibition

October 5 – 7, 2010 4 Atlantic City, NJwww.offshorewindexpo.org

AWEA U.S. Wind Energy Investment Workshop

October 19 – 20, 2010 4 London, UKwww.awea.org/events

AWEA Wind Power Health & Safety Workshop

October 26 – 27, 2010 4 Austin, TXwww.awea.org/events

AWEA Wind Energy Fall SymposiumNovember 17 – 19, 2010 4 Phoenix, AZ

www.aweafallsymposium.org

AWEA Small and Community Wind Conference & Exhibition

December 7 – 9, 2010 4 Portland, ORwww.smallandcommunitywindexpo.org



eventscalendarSEPTEMBER 20106-10 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition Valencia, Spain—Feria Valencia, Convention & Exhibition Centre

www.photovoltaic-conference.com

7-10 ZeroEmissions Rome Rome, Italy—Rome Fair Centre; www.zeroemissionrome.eu/en/index_zer.asp

13-15 3rd Annual Utility Scale Solar Summit San Diego, California—Marriott Del Mar; www.infocastinc.com

16 Clean Energy Conference San Diego, California—San Diego Convention Center; www.sustainableenergyweek.org

21-23 GridWise Global Forum Washington, DC—Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center

www.gridwise.org

22-24 International Groundwater Symposium + Mass & Heat Transfer in Geothermal Systems

Valencia, Spain— Universidad Politecnica de Valencia;

http://iahr2010.upv.es/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=47&Itemid=57

25-30 World Renewable Energy Congress 2010 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; www.wrenuk.co.uk

28-30 4th Annual Algal Biomass Organization Phoenix, Arizona—JW Marriott Desert Ridge; http://algalbiomass.org/events

29-30 EnergyOcean Pacifi c 2010 Portland, Oregon—Doubletree Hotel; www.energyoceanpacifi c.com

28-01 solarpeq 2010 Dusseldorf, Germany—Dusseldorf Exhibition Centre; www.solarpeq.com

OCTOBER 20105-7 AWEA’s North American Offshore Wind Conference & Exhibition Atlantic City, New Jersey—www.offshorewindexpo.org

6-8 2nd Annual Global Renewable Energy Expo Networking Summit Jersey City, New Jersey—Westin Hotel; www.greensummitxpo.com

12-14 Advanced Energy Storage San Diego, California—Catamaran Hotel; www.fullpowerinc.com/AES2010/AESHome.html

12-14 Solar Power International Los Angeles, California — Los Angeles Convention Center

www.solarpowerinternational.com

13-14 Biogas USA San Francisco, California — Hotel Whitcomb; www2.greenpowerconferences.co.uk

18-21 GridWeek 2010 Washington, DC—Walter E. Washington Convention Center; www.gridweek.com/2010

24-27 GEA Geothermal Energy Expo & GRC Annual Meeting Sacramento Convention Center—Sacramento, CA; www.geo-energy.org

27-30 2010 New Orleans Investment Conference New Orleans, Louisiana—Hilton New Orleans Riverside

www.neworleansconference.com

NOVEMBER 201010 Advanced Biofuels Market San Francisco, California—Stanford Court Hotel www2.greenpowerconferences.co.uk

17-19 AWEA Wind Energy Fall Symposium Phoenix, Arizona; www.aweafallsymposium.org

DECEMBER 20101-2 Conference: PV Power Plants 2010 Las Vegas, Nevada www.solarpraxis.de/en/conferencias/pv-power-plants-2010-usa

7-9 Small & Community Wind Conference & Exhibition Portland, Oregon—www.smallandcommunitywindexpo.org

Send us your clean energy show and event listings. Email information to the Editor at [email protected]

advertisers’websitedirectory Page Company Website

67 25th EU PVSEC and WCPEC- www.photovoltaic-conference.com

58 Advanced Power Products www.advancedpowerproducts.com

38 Aevenia www.aevenia.com

41 American Electric Technologies www.aeti.com

75 Atlas Copco www.atlascopco-gap.com/geothermal

17 Atlas Material Testing Solutions www.solardurability.com

81 AWEA www.windpowerexpo.com

34 AZZ Galvanizing Services www.azzgalvanizing.com

5 Baja Construction www.bajacarports.com

18 Bayern Innovativ www.cluster-energietechnik.de

21 Bibb Engineers Architects & Constructors www.bibb-eac.com

24 Campbell Scientific www.campbellsci.com/renewables

80 CanWEA 2010 www.canwea2010.ca

37 Carbone of America www.carbonebrush.com

42 Carlo Gavazzi www.gavazzionline.com/Solar

52 Citel www.citel.us

79 Clear Span Structures www.clearspan.com

23 Cooper Power www.cooperbline.com/solar

20 Day4 Energy www.day4energy.com

60 DB Schenker www.dbschenkerusa.com/specialservices/solarservices

IBC DEGERenergie Tracking Systems www.DEGERenergie.com

22 Ecology and Environment, Inc. www.ene.com

32 Equipment Express Inc www.equipmentexpress.com

11 ET Solar www.etsolar.com

7 Fagen Inc www.fageninc.com

73 GEFCO www.gefco.com

74 Geothermal Energy Association www.geothermalenergy2010.com

76 Geothermal Resources Council www.geothermal.org

61 GFC AntriebsSysteme GmbH www.gfc-antriebe.de

33 GL Garrad Hassan www.gl-garradhassan.com

60 Greenpower Energy www.greenpowercap.com

53 Heliodyne www.heliodyne.com

16 Hub City www.hubcityinc.com

50 Huber + Suhner www.hubersuhner.com

44 HuksefluxUSA Inc www.huksefluxusa.com

57 Hydro Solar Solutions www.hydro.com/northamerica/solar

39 Hytorc www.hytorc.com/wind3

66 Idaho Dept of Commerce renewable.idaho.gov

43 Kaco New Energy Inc www.kaco-newenergy.com

58 K-Flex USA www.kflexusa.com

29 Lincoln Electric www.lincolnelectric.com

48 Mage Solar www.magesolar.com

26 Mattracks www.mattracks.com

69 Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLC www.milbank.com

15 MK Battery www.mkbattery.com

30 Mobil Industrial Lubricants www.mobilindustrial.com

31 Mobil Industrial Lubricants www.mobilindustrial.com

IFC Mortenson www.mortenson.com/wind

36 MSE www.msepower.com

65 New Jersey Economic Development www.newjerseybusiness.gov

12 Next Generation Energy www.ngeus.com

40 NRG Systems Inc how.nrgsystems.com

60 Omega Flex Inc www.omegaflex.com

27 Ormazabal www.ormazabal.com

59 Panel Claw www.panelclaw.com

77 Percival Scientific Inc www.percival-scientific.com

10 Pivot Point www.pivotpins.com

61 Plansee USA LLC www.plansee.com

OBC Polaris America LLC www.polarisamerica.com

25 Premium Solar www.ezinc.com.tr

45 PV Powered www.pvpowered.com

54 Rennsteig Tools Inc www.rennsteig.us

19 Resol www.resol.com

3 Satcon www.satcon.com/solstice

52 Schaefer + Peters Gmbh www.schaefer-peters.com

49 Schletter Inc www.schletter.us

18 Schunk Graphite Technology LLC www.schunkgraphite.com

14 Session Solar www.sessionsolar.com

24 Skyfuel www.skyfuel.com

63 Solar Power International 2010 www.solarpowerinternational.com/CLE8

16 Solar Skies www.solarskies.com

51 Solectria Renewables LLC. www.solren.com

56 Solmetric www.solmetric.com

9 SSB Service Inc www.ssb-group.com

55 Trina Solar www.trinasolar.com

71 Troutman Sanders www.troutmansanders.com/renewable_energy

13 TTI Solar www.ttisolar.com

47 Unirac Inc www.unirac.com

46 Upsolar www.upsolar.com

24 US Digital www.usdigital.com/solar

78 West Salem Machinery www.westsalem.com

35 White Construction www.whiteconstruction.com

25 Wieland Electric Inc www.wielandinc.com


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north american clean energy - july august 2010

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