PRECIVIL WAR AMERICANorth and South

American Colonization Society

The American Colonization Society proposed to end slavery by establishing an independent colony in Africa for freed slaves. In 1822, President Monroe founded the nation of Liberia in Africa

American Colonization Society

Abolitionist

Abolitionist were those people opposed to slavery that wanted it “abolished” or done away with. Many wealthy free African Americans gave a lot of money for the cause, as well as some wealthy white.

Frederick Douglass

The most famous of the AfricanAmerican abolitionist was FrederickDouglass. As a child, he defied the Slave codes and taught himself how To read. Later he would escape to theNorth (Boston) and become the Leading speaker on the evils of slavery.And the need for freedom. In 1847, he Would begin publishing the North Star, anAnti-slavery newspaper.

White Abolitionists

Leading white abolitionists includedWilliam Lloyd Garrison, a fiery Outspoken man who published the Liberator

White Abolitionists

Angelina and SarahGrimke, think primarySource reading, were Daughters of South Carolina slave holders,Lectured on the morality (or lack of) slavery.

The Underground Railroad

Harriet Tubman wasThe greatest conductorsOf the Underground Railroad.

Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad would aidEscaped slaves through the stations toThe North and finally Canada, to escapeFugitive Slave Laws and gain freedom.

Missouri Compromise

The Missouri CompromiseWas basically an agreementTo keep the balance of freeAnd slave states. Henry Clay suggested admittingMissouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

Missouri Compromise

It also drew an imaginary lineThrough the west at Missouri’sSouthern border at 36*/30*N.This line would show that slavery Would be permitted south of thisLine and banned north of the line.Missouri would be the exception.

Wilmot Proviso

The issue of slavery spreading Into western lands was a hot topic.The Wilmot Proviso called for a lawTo ban slavery in lands taken fromMexico. The House passed the actBut the Senate defeated it.

Wilmot Proviso

The events of the Mexican War would fuel the idea of sectionalism. In many cases the North and South were like two different worlds with much disdain for one another. Moderates of the time supported the idea of popular sovereignty or let the people of the region decide by their vote.

Free Soil Party

In 1848, anti slavery members ofThe Democratic and Whig parties Founded the Free Soil Party. The Their slogan was “free soil, free Speech, free labor and free men”.The main goal of the party was to Keep slavery out of the west.

Free Soil Party

Most were not abolitionistAnd did not call for an end toSlavery in the South. ZacharyTaylor, the Mexican War heroWon the election, but 13 FreeSoilers won seats in CongressWhich elevates the issue of Slavery to a national issue.

California Gold Rush & the Compromise of 1850

California Gold Rush & the Compromise of 1850

The Gold Rush in California and The call to admit California as a Free state, along with fears thatOther territories such as Utah and Oregon would as well. Heated Debates and the rumblings of Secession, place a silent call for the“Great Compromiser”, HenryClay to find a solution.

California Gold Rush and the Compromise of 1850

The feud between Clay andJohn C. Calhoun of SouthCarolina made it seem as ifNo compromise would be Reached and if the North Would not agree to the South’s demands their wouldBe a parting or secession.

The Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of1850

In 1850, John Calhoun would die and Daniel Webster would push for a compromise. Henry Clay set up the Compromise of 1850. which included…

1. California would enter the Union as a free state.

2. Divided the rest of the Mexican cession into the territories of Utah and New Mexico, voters in each territory would decide the issue of slavery by popular soverignty.

The Compromise of 1850

3. It ended slavery in Washington D.C.

4. It included a strict Fugitive Slave law.

5. It settled the border dispute between New Mexico and Texas.

6. It … no, I guess that’s it!

Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

Required all citizens help tpCatch runaway slaves. PeopleThat allowed slaves to escapeCould be fined $1000. and Jailed six months. The lawEnraged anti-slavery Northerners by making themResponsible to catch runaway Slaves, linking them to the Slave system.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher StoweCreated a huge stir. The Novel showed the evils of Slavery and the injustices ofThe Fugitive Slave laws.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Abolitionists in the North wereEnlivened and the majority of The people in the North beginningTo feel they could no longer ignore Slavery. Critics stated that the novelDid not give an accurate picture ofWhat slave life was really like and it Is true that Stowe’s exposure to slavesWas quite limited.

Kansas – Nebraska Act

The Kansas-Nebraska ActKnowing that the south Would reject another freeState addition, it was Proposed to split the largeNebraska territory into twoTerritories – Kansas and Nebraska and that eachTerritory could decide the Issue of slavery by popularSovereignty - all StephenDouglass’s idea.

Kansas – Nebraska Act

The South was happy asThey felt people from Neighboring Missouri Would move in and Create a slave state. People in the North wereOutraged as the MissouriCompromise had alreadyBanned slavery in this area.

Bleeding Kansas

The effect of the act led factions from Both groups to Kansas and created the Situation known as Bleeding Kansas. The Territory was marred by voting Fraud, bullying, and the formation of twoLegislatures, one pro- slavery and one Anti-slavery. Pro-slavery forces went andTrashed Lawrence, destroying homes andThe Free Soil Newspaper press.

Bleeding Kansas

Bleeding Kansas

John Brown led a party of Anti-slavery men to Pottawatomie where they drugFive men out into the middle ofThe night and murdered them.This led to both sides engagingIn guerilla warfare.

Charles Sumner & Andrew Butler

Charles Sumner denounces Pro-slavery legislature of KansasAnd bad mouths elderly SenatorAndrew Butler of South Carolina. He wasn’t there, but a few days later,His nephew, Congressman PrestonBrooks went tot the Senate and beatSumner senseless with a cane. Ahh, The golden age of the genteel South.

Dred Scot

The Dred Scot Decision – Scot, a slaveLiving free in Illinois and WisconsinMoves back to Missouri with the Owner , who then dies. Lawyers argueThat since Scot had lived in a free stateHe was a free man. The Court said thatScot could not file a lawsuit as a slaveBecause he was not a citizen. The CourtWent on to say that slaves were property.

Dred Scot

It also went on to say that Congress did not have the powerTo outlaw slavery in any territoryMeaning the Missouri CompromiseWas unconstitutional. Can you sayJudicial Review?

Birth of Republican Party

The Republican party was formed fromA group of Free Soilers, anti-slavery Whigs, Northern Democrats and OddlotsAt a party convention in Michigan.There goal was to stop the spread of Slavery.

Lincoln Vs. Douglas & Slavery

As to slavery, Stephen Douglas Wanted to settle issue by lettingStates and people decide in eachState, or popular sovereignty.Lincoln wanted to stop the spreadOf slavery to the west, but allow itTo remain in areas that already hadIt.

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry

John Brown went to raid the arsenalThinking slaves would rebel if armed.The slaves did not know about the raidAnd Brown is captured easily. He sitsQuietly while being tried and Convicted and is put to death. The South is jubilant and the North seesBrown as a martyr.

Crittenden’s Last Ditch, Hail Mary, This is It Proposal

He wanted to draw a line to the Pacific enforcing the MissouriCompromise and add an Unamendable amendment to theConstitution making slavery legal.The compromise bill received little Support.

States Secede and Choose a Leader

The original states that secede areSouth Carolina (the first), Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, Georgia, and Texas. Jefferson DavisWill be chosen as the President.

Lincoln’s Goal

Lincoln’s goals for the nation Were to preserve the Union andAvoid war.

War over States Rights