northwest national marine renewable energy center brian polagye nw national marine renewable energy...
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Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Brian Polagye
NW National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Tidal Energy: Status and Trends
Northwest Fisheries Science Center
December 8, 2009
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Tidal Hydrokinetic Turbines
001,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt
Superficial resemblance to wind turbines
Power proportional to velocity cubed
Key operational differences
• Higher fluid density
• Lower fluid speed
• Higher torque
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Other Forms of Marine Energy
002,12-08-09,NWFSC.ppt
Tidal Barrage Wave Hydrokinetic
Ocean Current
Ocean Thermal
Salinity Gradient
Offshore Wind
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
•Resource
•Devices
•Environmental Risks
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
National Resource Localization
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Utility-scale resources in
only a few locations
Technically recoverable
resource estimated ~9 GW
average electrical power
Aleutian Islands
Cook Inlet
Southeast Alaska
Puget Sound Maine
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Regional Resource Localization
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Admiralty Inlet
Agate Passage
Rich Passage
Tacoma Narrows
Guemes Channel
Deception Pass
San Juan Channel
Race Rocks
Rosario Strait
Constrictions separating
large bodies of water
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Site Resource Localization
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Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Resource Summary
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Intense: 3-4 m/s peak velocity
Predictable: Gravitational forcing
Load Proximity
Localized
Intermittent: 4 peaks per day
/
/
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
•Resource
•Devices
•Environmental Risks
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Industry Status
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Many device concepts and laboratory tests
Very limited at-sea testing
―Long regulatory process
―High execution cost
―Limited funding conduct at-sea trials
Only two at-sea test centers for tidal hydrokinetics
―European Marine Energy Center (EMEC) (Orkney Islands, Scotland)
―Fundy Ocean Research Centre (FORCE) (Minas Passage, Canada)
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Verdant Power
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Roosevelt Island Tidal Energy project
Only US demonstration to date
Only array demonstration in the world
5 m diameter rotor(33 kW rating)
Gearbox/Generator
Passive yaw
Drilled pile foundation
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Clean Current
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Race Rocks demonstration project
Offsets diesel load at lighthouse and marine science facility
Bi-directional diffuser
Permanent magnet generator
Drilled pile foundation
3 m diameter rotor
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Clean Current - Biofouling
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6 months deployment
Before After
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Open Hydro
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European Marine Energy Center
First device tested at EMEC
Surface piercing pile
Drilled pile
Permanent magnet
generator
6 m diameter rotor
Lift
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Open Hydro
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Fundy Ocean Research Center
First device tested at FORCE
Partnership with Nova Scotia Power
Gravity base
10 m20 m
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Marine Current Turbines
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Strangford Lough demonstration
First grid connected, utility-scale device
3m diameter
Rotor (2 x 16m diameter, 1.2 MW rating)
Gearbox/Generator
Support pile
Support “wing”
Service platform and electronics
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Marine Current Turbines
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Inspection boat running against current as support wing is raised
Inspection/maintenance boarding around slack water
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Device Configuration and Scale
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Open Hydro(FORCE)
MCT (Strangford)
Open Hydro(EMEC)
Verdant Power (RITE)
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Device Technical Challenges
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Reliability – unplanned maintenance incurs high cost
Survivability – harsh operating environments
Biofouling – biologically active environments
Deep water installation – most sites deeper than 40 m
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
•Resource
•Devices
•Environmental Risks
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Environmental Risks
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Effects on aquatic speciesAvoidanceAggregationStrike
Near-field environmentNoise (device, vessels)Wake (sediment transport)Hard substrate (artificial reef)EMFToxicity (coatings, lubricants)
Far-field environmentCirculationNearshore environmentWater quality
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Project Learnings?
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Verdant Power
Clean Current
Open Hydro
MCT
Active acoustics for fish observation
Colonization Installation disturbance in
water and on land
Video monitoring for fish observation
Passive acoustics for noise
Sonar observation of marine mammals
Data are proprietary to Verdant Power
Data are proprietary to Clean Current
Data are proprietary to Open Hydro
Data are proprietary to MCT
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Monitoring Challenges
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Species specific tracking • Active acoustics: data interpretation and analysis
• Passive acoustics: only when vocalizing/echolocating
• Acoustic tags: only tagged species, requires field of receivers
• Video: lighting attracts species
Instrument limitations• Stand-alone instrumentation: power, storage, and comms
• Cabled instrumentation: survivability and reliability
Sharing of data between projects• Applicability of data: distinct species/habitats
• Willingness to share
• Technical challenges to share: transfer terrabytes of data
Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Puget Sound Demonstration Projects
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Snohomish PUD/Open Hydro
US Navy/Verdant
Clean Current
Technology
Economics
Environmental risks