nota bab 3 excel part 3

8/13/2019 Nota Bab 3 Excel Part 3

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E N T E R F O R M U L A S

MicrosoftOffice

Excel2007


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Course contents

Overview: Goodbye, calculator Lesson 1: Get started Lesson 2: Use cell references Lesson 3: Simplify formulas by using functions


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G E T S T A R T E D

Lesson 1


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Get started

Enter formulas

Imagine that Excel isopen and youre

looking at theEntertainmentsection of a householdexpense budget.

Cell C6 in the worksheet is empty; the amount spentfor CDs in February hasnt been entered yet.

In this lesson, youll learn how to use Excel to do basicmath by typing simple formulas into cells. Youll alsolearn how to total all the values in a column with aformula that updates its result if values change later.


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Begin with an equal sign

Enter formulas

The two CDspurchased in February

cost $12.99 and$16.99.

The total of these two values is the CD expense for themonth.

You can add these values in Excel by typing a simpleformula into cell C6.


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Enter formulas

The picture illustrateswhat to do.

1 Type a formula in cell C6. Excel formulas always beginwith an equal sign. To add 12.99 and 16.99, type:

=12.99+16.99

The plus sign (+) is the math operatorthat tells Excel toadd the values.


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Enter formulas

The picture illustrateswhat to do.

2

3

Press ENTER to display the formula result.

If you wonder later how you got this result, you can clickin cell C6 any time and view the formula in the formulabar near the top of the worksheet.


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Use other math operators

Math operators

Add (+) =10+5

Subtract (-) =10-5

Multiply (*) =10*5

Divide (/) =10/5

Enter formulas

To do more than add,use other math

operators as you typeformulas intoworksheet cells.

Excel uses familiar

signs to buildformulas.

As the table shows, use a minus sign (-) to subtract, anasterisk (*) to multiply, and a forward slash (/) to divide.

Remember to always start each formula with an equalsign.


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Total all the values in a column

Enter formulas

To add up the total ofexpenses for January,

you dont have to typeall those values again.

Instead, you can use aprewritten formula

called a function.

1

2

On the Hometab, click the Sumbutton in theEditing group.

To get the January total, click in cell B7 and then:

A color marquee surrounds the cells in the formula, andthe formula appears in cell B7.


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Total all the values in a column

Enter formulas

To add up the total ofexpenses for January,

you dont have to typeall those values again.

Instead, you can use aprewritten formula

called a function.

3 Press ENTER to display the result in cell B7: 95.94.

To get the January total, click in cell B7 and then:

Click in cell B7 to display the formula =SUM(B3:B6)inthe formula bar.

4


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Copy a formula instead of creating a new one

Enter formulas

Sometimes its easierto copy formulas than

to create new ones.

In this section, youll see how to copy the formula youused to get the January total and use it to add up

Februarys expenses.


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Copy a formula instead of creating a new one

Enter formulas

First, select cell B7.

Next, as the picture shows:

Then position themouse pointer overthe lower-right cornerof the cell until theblack cross (+)

appears.

The Auto Fill Optionsbutton appears to give you

some formatting options. In this case, you dont needformatting options, so no action is required. The buttondisappears when you next make an entry in the cell.

2


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U S E C E L L R E F E R E N C E S

Lesson 2


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Use cell references

Cell references Refer to values in

A10 the cell in column A and row 10

A10,A20 cell A10 and cell A20

A10:A20 the range of cells in column A and rows 10through 20

B15:E15 the range of cells in row 15 and columns Bthrough E

A10:E20 the range of cells in columns A through E androws 10 through 20

Enter formulas

Cell referencesidentify individual cells

or cell ranges incolumns and rows.

Cell references tellExcel where to look

for values to use in aformula.

Excel uses a reference style called A1, which refers tocolumns with letters and to rows with numbers. Thenumbers and letters are called row and column headings.

This lesson shows how Excel can automatically update theresults of formulas that use cell references, and how cellreferences work when you copy formulas.


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Update formula results

Enter formulas

As the picture shows,when the value in cell

C4 changes, Excelautomatically updatesthe February total incell C7 from 126.93 to130.92.

Excel can do this because the original formula=SUM(C3:C6) in cell C7 contains cell references.

If you had entered 11.97 and other specific values into aformula in cell C7, Excel would not be able to update thetotal. Youd have to change 11.97 to 15.96 not only incell C4, but in the formula in cell C7 as well.


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Other ways to enter cell references

Enter formulas

You can type cellreferences directly into

cells, or you can entercell references byclicking cells, whichavoids typing errors.

In the first lesson you saw how to use the SUM functionto add all the values in a column.

You could also use the SUM function to add just a fewvalues in a column, by selecting the cell references toinclude.


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Enter formulas

Imagine that you wantto know the combined

cost for video rentalsand CDs in February.

1

2

In cell C9, type the equal sign, type SUM, and type anopening parenthesis.

Click cell C4. The cell reference for cell C4 appears incell C9. Type a comma after it in cell C9.

The example showsyou how to enter a

formula into cell C9 byclicking cells.


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Enter formulas

Imagine that you wantto know the combined

cost for video rentalsand CDs in February.

Click cell C6. That cell reference appears in cell C9following the comma. Type a closing parenthesis after it.

The example showsyou how to enter a

formula into cell C9 byclicking cells.

Press ENTER to display the formula result, 45.94.

3

4

A color marquee surrounds each cell as it is selectedand disappears when you press ENTER to display theresult.


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Enter formulas

Heres a little moreinformation about how

this formula works.

The arguments C4 and C6 tell the SUM function whatvalues to calculate with. The parentheses are required to

separate the arguments from the function.

The comma, which is also required, separates thearguments.


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Reference types

Enter formulas

Now that youvelearned about using

cell references, itstime to talk about thedifferent types.

The picture shows two

types, relativeandabsolute.

1 Relativereferencesautomatically change as theyrecopied down a column or across a row.

When the formula =C4*$D$9 is copied from row to rowin the picture, the relative cell references change fromC4 to C5 to C6.


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Reference types

Enter formulas

Now that youvelearned about using

cell references, itstime to talk about thedifferent types.

The picture shows two

types, relativeandabsolute.

Absolute referencesare fixed. They dont change if youcopy a formula from one cell to another. Absolute

references have dollar signs ($) like this: $D$9.

2

As the picture shows, when the formula =C4*$D$9 iscopied from row to row, the absolute cell referenceremains as $D$9.


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Reference types

Enter formulas

Theres one more typeof cell reference.

For example, $A1 is an absolute reference to column Aand a relative reference to row 1.

As a mixed reference is copied from one cell to another,the absolute reference stays the same but the relativereference changes.

The mixed referencehas either an absolutecolumn and a relativerow, or an absolute

row and a relativecolumn.


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Using an absolute cell reference

Enter formulas

You use absolute cellreferences to refer to

cells that you dontwant to change as theformula is copied.

References are relative by default, so you would have totype dollar signs, as shown by callout 2 in the picture, to

change the reference type to absolute.


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Enter formulas

Say you receive someentertainment

coupons offering a7 percent discount forvideo rentals, movies,and CDs. How muchcould you save in a

month by using thediscounts?

You could use a formula to multiply those Februaryexpenses by 7 percent.

So start by typing the discount rate .07in the empty cellD9, and then type the formula in cell D4.


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Enter formulas




1

2

Then in cell D4, type =C4*. Remember that this relativecell reference will change from row to row.

Enter a dollar sign ($) and Dto make an absolutereference to column D, and $9to make an absolutereference to row 9. Your formula will multiply the value incell C4 by the value in cell D9.


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Enter formulas




Cell D9 contains the value for the 7 percent discount.3

You can copy the formula from cell D4 to D5 by usingthe fill handle. As the formula is copied, the relative cellreference changes from C4 to C5, while the absolutereference to the discount in D9 does not change; itremains as $D$9 in each row it is copied to.


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S I M P L I F Y F O R M U L A S B Y U S I N G F U N C T I O N S

Lesson 3

l f f l b f


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Simplify formulas by using functions

Function Calculates

AVERAGE an average

MAX the largest number

MIN the smallest number

Enter formulas

Function namesexpress long formulas

quickly.

As prewrittenformulas, functionssimplify the process of

entering calculations.

Using functions, you can easily and quickly createformulas that might be difficult to build for yourself.

SUM is just one of the many Excel functions. In thislesson youll see how to speed up tasks with a fewother easy ones.

i d


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Find an average

Enter formulas

You can use theAVERAGE function to

find the mean averagecost of allentertainment forJanuary and February.

Excel will enter theformula for you.

Click in cell D7, and then:

1

2

On the Hometab, in the Editinggroup, click the arrowon the Sumbutton, and then click Average in the list.

Press ENTER to display the result in cell D7.

Fi d h l ll l


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Find the largest or smallest value

Enter formulas

The MAX functionfinds the largest

number in a range,and the MIN functionfinds the smallestnumber in a range.

The picture illustratesthe use of MAX.

1

2

Start by clicking in cell F7. Then:

On the Hometab, in the Editinggroup, click the arrowon the Sumbutton, and then click Maxin the list.

Press ENTER to display the result in cell F7. The largestvalue in the series is 131.95.

Fi d h l ll l


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Find the largest or smallest value

Enter formulas

The MAX functionfinds the largest

number in a range,and the MIN functionfinds the smallestnumber in a range.

The picture illustratesthe use of MAX.

To find the smallest value in the range, you would clickMinin the list and press ENTER.

The smallest value in the series is 131.75.

P i f l


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Print formulas

Enter formulas

You can print formulasand put them up on

your bulletin board toremind you how tocreate them.

But first, you need to

display the formulason the worksheet.

Heres how:

1. Click the Formulastab.2. In the Formula Auditing group, click Show

Formulas .

P i t f l


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Print formulas

Enter formulas

You can print formulasand put them up on

your bulletin board toremind you how tocreate them.

But first, you need to

display the formulason the worksheet.

Heres how:

3. Click the Microsoft Office Button in the upper-left corner of the Excel window, and click Print.

Tip: You can also press CTRL+` to display andhide formulas.

Wh t th t f thi i k h t?


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Whats that funny thing in my worksheet?

Enter formulas

Sometimes Excelcant calculate a

formula because theformula contains anerror.

If that happens, youll

see an error value in acell instead of a result.

#### The column isnt wide enough to display thecontents of the cell. To fix the problem, you canincrease column width, shrink the contents to fit thecolumn, or apply a different number format.

Here are three common error values:

Wh t th t f thi i k h t?


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Whats that funny thing in my worksheet?

Enter formulas

Sometimes Excelcant calculate a

formula because theformula contains anerror.

If that happens, youll

see an error value in acell instead of a result.

#REF! A cell reference isnt valid. Cells may havebeen deleted or pasted over.

Here are three common error values:

#NAME? You may have misspelled a function nameor used a name that Excel doesnt recognize.

Fi d f ti


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Find more functions

Enter formulas

Excel offers manyother useful functions,

such as date and timefunctions andfunctions you can useto manipulate text.

1. Click the Sumbutton in the Editinggroup on theHometab.

2. Click More Functionsin the list.3. In the Insert Functiondialog box that opens, you

can search for a function.

To see all the other functions:

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Find more functions

Enter formulas

Excel offers manyother useful functions,

such as date and timefunctions andfunctions you can useto manipulate text.

In addition to searching for a function in this dialog box,you can select a category and then scroll through the list

of functions in the category.

And you can click Help on this functionat the bottomof the dialog box to find out more about any function.


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nota bab 3 excel part 3

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