Notation

1. Parenthetical reference citations in text• When you do not mention the author’s

name in your text, that name, followed by a comma and the date of the publication appears in parenthesis at the end of the sentence.

Ex: Organizational behavior is the study and application of knowledge about how people act within an organization (Urtezuela, 1989).

2. Author is cited in the text

• When the author is cited in the text, cite only the date of the publication in parenthesis immediately after the author’s name.

Ex: Creus (1988) explained that organizational behavior applies broadly to behavior of people.

3. Quotation without name of author• When you quote but do not identify the

author in the sentences, the name of the author, date of publication and page number appear in parenthesis at the end of the sentence.

Ex: The key elements in organizational behavior are people, structure and environment (Tan, 1989, p.5).

4. Work by two authors

• When you refer to a work by two authors, cite both names each time the reference appears.

Ex: People also use technology to help get the job done (Gobok & Stalin, 2001).

5. Two authors conveying the same idea cited in the text

• When the authors are cited in the text, cite only the date of text publication in parenthesis after the authors’ name.

Ex: Lao (2001) and Amaga (1999) explained the theory in developing the conceptual framework of the study.

6. Work by two to fewer than six authors• Cite all the names in the first reference and in

the subsequent references, cite only the name of the first author and use et al.

Ex: Gonzalez, Lapina, Medrano (2000) emphasized the theory of the conceptual study.

Gonzalez, et al. (2000) related the conceptual idea to the actual idea.

7. Work by six or more authors

• Cite only the name of the first author and use et al. in the first and subsequent references.

Ex: Ando, et al. (2003) said that research is a wedding between theory and practice.

8. Authors with the same last name

• Use the initials to identify the authors in text even if their dates of publication differ.

Ex:

B. Bacus (1995) confirmed the findings of K. Bacus (1993).

9. Work identified by title

• When a work is listed in the reference by title alone, a shortened version of the title is used to identify the work. Title of the book is underlined, title of an article appears within quotation marks.

Ex: Rewards system is created when human and social behaviors are met (“Human Behavior” Management, 1996).

10. Corporate author

• Use the name of the organization as the author

Ex: Graduate programs in educational administration are envisioned to train leaders (University of the Philippines, 1990).

11. Reference to more than one work• Multiple citations should be arranged as follows:

Ex:

a.) List two or more works by the same author in order of date of publications (Rudas, 1998, 2000).

b.) Differentiate works by the same author and with the same publication date by adding an identifying letter to each date (Jamero, 1987a, 1990b).

Reminder

• Each reference or author or article cited in your related literature review, must be taken note of. You have to put everything in your bibliography or references.

• Not a single reference cited in the text must be missing in the references.