npoess program overview

NPOESS Program Overview

HDF Workshop IX, December 2005Alan M. [email protected]

Outline

Program overview Mission data processing and external

interfaces Recent changes Status

This presentation is drawn from published materials by the program and others.

Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 3

We’re going a long way …The Historical Context

First Image from TIROS-1 EOS-Aqua MODIS Image-250 m

Saharan Dust off the Canary Islands18 February 2004


• Provide a national, operational, Provide a national, operational, polar-orbiting remote-sensing polar-orbiting remote-sensing capabilitycapability

• Achieve National Performance Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings by Review (NPR) savings by converging DoD and NOAA converging DoD and NOAA satellite programssatellite programs

• Incorporate new technologies Incorporate new technologies from NASAfrom NASA

• Encourage international Encourage international cooperationcooperation

METOP

NPOESS

Specialized Satellites Local Equatorial

Crossing Time

1730

1330

2130

NPOESS

NPOESS

NPOESS Mission

Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite Activities


DMSP (Defense Meteorological

Satellite Program)

EOS (Earth Observing

System)

NPOESS (National Polar-orbiting

Operational Environmental Satellite System)

Sensor data rate: 1.5 MbpsData latency: 100-150 min.

1.7 Gigabytes per day (DMSP)6.3 Gigabytes per day (POES)

15 Mbps sensor data rateData latency: 100-180 min.Data availability: 98%Ground revisit time: 12 hrs.

2.6 Terabytes per day (EOS)2.4 Terabytes per day (NPP)

20 Mbps sensor data rateData latency: 28 min.Data availability: 99.95%Autonomy capability: 60 daysGround revisit time: 4-6 hrs

8.1 Terabytes per day

POES (Polar Orbiting

Operational Environmental Satellites)

NPP (NPOESS

Preparatory Project)

1960 - 2010 2000 - 2010 2010 – 2020+

NPOESS satisfies evolutionary program needs with enhanced capabilities

The Evolution to NPOESS

NPOESS Management and Requirements Structures

Executive Committee

System ProgramDirector

Associate Director for Acquisition

Associate Director for Technology Transition

Associate Director for Operations

Joint Agency RequirementsCouncil (JARC)• Vice Chairman JCS• NOAA DUS Commerce For Oceans and Atmosphere• NASA Associate Administrator for Earth Science

Senior Users Advisory Group (SUAG)• Chair Rotated Every 2 Years• Reps: DoD, NOAA, & NASA

Joint Agency RequirementsGroup (JARG)

Integrated Program Office

Under Secretary forOceans & Atmosphere

Under Secretary of the Air Force

DeputyAdministrator

User Community and Stakeholders• Define Requirements

Under Secretary of the Air Force replaced Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology & Logistics


NPOESS Architecture

SDS

NESDISAFWAFNMOCNAVO

C3SegmentC3Segment Field

Terminal SegmentFieldTerminal Segment

GPS

SvalbardPrimary T&CNPP SMD

SvalbardPrimary T&CNPP SMD

TDRSS

LaunchSupportSegment

LaunchSupportSegment MMC at Suitland

Flight Operations Team• Enterprise Management• Mission Management• Satellite Operations• Data Monitoring & Recovery

White Sands ComplexLEO&A Backup T&C

White Sands ComplexLEO&A Backup T&C

A-DCS

SARSAT

HRDField

Terminal

HRDField

Terminal

LRDField

Terminal

LRDField

Terminal

Schriever MMCContingency Operations Team

Data Handling Nodes reside at each Central

15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites Interconnectedby Commercial Fiber

15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites Interconnectedby Commercial Fiber

NPOESS Stored Mission Data Command and Telemetry

Interface Data Processing SegmentInterface Data Processing SegmentOne full set resides in each of the 4 CentralsOne full set resides in each of the 4 Centrals

Data MgtData MgtInfra

IngestIngest

Proc

ess

Proc

e ss

Data DelData Del

TM

LTA

TDRSS

NPP Stored Mission Data


IngestIngest

Proc

ess

Proc

e ss

Data DelData Del


IngestIngest

Proc

ess

Proc

e ss

Data DelData Del


IngestIngest

Proc

ess

Proc

e ss

Data DelData Del

Offline SupportOffline Support

NPP 2230 2130 1330 1730

NPOESSSatellitesResiduals

SpaceSegment

DQMDQM


4. Process Raw data into EDRs and Deliver to Centrals

Full IDP Capability at each Central NESDIS, AFWA, FNMOC, NAVO

Monitor and Control Satellites and Ground Elements

MMC (Suitland)

Schriever MMC

NPOESS Concept of Operations

1. Sense Phenomena

T

O

B

S

L

A

T

M

L

C

L

FOG

L

R

N

TATM

TSKY

ei

j

2. Downlink Raw Data

Field Terminals SafetyNetTM

Receptors

Ka-bandX and Lbands

3. Transport Data to Centrals for Processing

Global fiber network connects 15 receptors to Centrals


NPOESS Performance

System Requirement Categories

Data Quality (EDR Attributes)

Data Latency

Data Availability

Operational Availability

SMD/HRD

Interoperability

Data Access (and Autonomy)

SARSAT and A-DCS

Endurance/Survivability

LRD

SMD, 95%

HRD/LRD

Performance vs. Specification

ComplyComply

Exceed 10 years lifeExceed 10 years life

95%@90 min 100%@1528 min

10 min15 min

99.95%100%99%

94.3%95%

93%

ComplyComply

36 attributes above, 557 at, 20 below spec36 attributes above, 557 at, 20 below spec206 attributes above, 799 at, 49 below spec206 attributes above, 799 at, 49 below spec

77%SMD, 15 min

15 min

21.2 min87.9%

99.99%

95.6%

Non-EDR System Requirements 760 requirements at or above, 10 below spec760 requirements at or above, 10 below spec

TRD Threshold TRD ObjectiveSpec


NPOESS Spacecraft

Spacecraft designed forearth observation missionsSpacecraft designed forearth observation missions

• Large nadir platform for maximum payload accommodation in EELV• Supports AM and PM missions (all LTAN capability)• Optical bench stability• Thermally optimized for science payloads• Highly modular design facilitates rapid launch call-up objective

OverallOverall

• Greater than 7-year life• Robust propulsion system

accommodates end of life controlled de-orbit

• Leverages EOS heritage and experience

Multi-orbit configurablesolar arrayMulti-orbit configurablesolar array

• Adjustable cant angle for multiple nodal crossings

• Array capability: 7.3kW

1330 satelliteshown

Plug and play avionics architecturePlug and play avionics architecture

• Advanced 32-bit architecture• Accommodates 1553, 1394, and unique

sensor interfaces• Accommodates CCSDS• On-board payload data encryption• Autonomous capability satisfies

NPOESS mission requirements


NPOESS Payload Manifest

Single satellite design with common sensor locations

VIIRSVIIRS

CrISCrIS

ATMSATMS

CMISCMIS

OMPSOMPS

Surv SensorSurv Sensor

SESS/AURORA

SESS/AURORA

A-DCSA-DCS

SARR/SARPSARR/SARP

CERES/ERBS

CERES/ERBS

APS(not on contract)

VIIRSVIIRS

CrISCrIS

ATMSATMS

CMISCMIS


ALTALT

A-DCSA-DCS

SARR/SARPSARR/SARP

TSISTSIS

VIIRSVIIRS

CMISCMIS


SARR/SARPSARR/SARP

1330 vehicle 1730 vehicle 2130 vehicle

SESS/AURORA

SESS/AURORA

SESS/AURORA

SESS/AURORA

OLI (not on contract)

NPOESS 1330 Configuration

Coincident Advanced Sensors Provide Synergy

Multispectral ImageryFrom VIRRS…

…combined with ATMS/CMISMicrowave EDRs…

…and Altimeter-DerivedOcean Heat Content…

NPOESS

… Supports Improved Tropical Cyclone ForecastAccuracy & Reduced Impact on Maritime Resources


Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) & Field Terminal Segment (FTS)

SSSS

LSSLSS C3SC3S

IDPSIDPS

Interface Data Processing Segment• Ingest pre-processed SMD• Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs• Perform data quality monitoring• Provide data to Centrals• Provide data records to LTA

Data Processing SoftwareMission Data,

Ancillary Data, Products

Field Terminal Segment• Ingest LRD/HRD data streams• Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs• NPOESS-provided software

HRD, LRDAncillary Data

FTSFTS

Key Architecture Features:• Distributed IDP deployment at centrals• Symmetric processor architecture• Granule size optimization• Load balancing fault management• Complete ancillary data via HRD link• DoD 8500 compliant central interface• Meets interoperability standards (JTA, DII-COE)


IDPS Architecture

Data Delivery Subsystem

DataFormatting

Production Schedulingand Control

Infrastructure Subsystem

Data ManagementSubsystem

On-LineData Storage

Processing Subsystem

SDR/TDRGeneration

EDRGeneration

Ingest Subsystem

Sensor DataAncillary DataAuxiliary Data

CentralSystems

Long Term

Archive

Science Data

Segment

Command,Control, and

CommunicationsSegment

StoredMission

Data

RawData

RecordsData

Records

Sensor/TempData

Records

RawData

Records

EnvironmentalData

Records

FormattedData

Products

IDPOperator

Data Quality MonitoringSubsystem

GIS Based Visualization and Analysis Toolkit

Data Quality Engineer

FormattedData Products


FTS Architecture

Field Terminal Segment

External Mission Support Data Server *

• Ancillary Data• TLE• Other support data* Note: User-defined data source

SPE-DPE Interface

Streaming APs

• DPE Software (provided by NPOESS) - ING, PRO, INF, DMS, DDS

Data Processor Element

• DPE Hardware (provided by vendor) - Processing - Storage > Mission Data > Mission Support Data > Static Data

FT Operator

Mission Application Element

• User-defined HDF Product Display• Provides user requests for desired products

FT Operator or User

FT-MSDS Interface(Optional)

DPE-MAE Interface

Product requests & HDF files

Satellite Down Link

Field Terminal Data Flow

Optional FT Data Flow

NPOESS Developed

NPOESS Defined

Optional FT Interfaces

FT Interfaces

Satellite - SPE Interface

Legend

Mission and Ancillary Data(HRD/LRD Downlink)

Satellite-SPE Interface

Signal Processing Element

• Antenna / RF Processing • GPS and Timing• Satellite Scheduler• CCSDS Processing - Mission Data - Mission Support Data - Satellite Pass Storage - TLE Extraction• Decryption

FT Operator

NPOESS / NPP Satellites

© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved

NPOESS Products Delivered at Multiple Levels

A/D Conversion

Detection

FluxManipulation

Packetization

Compression

FiltrationAux.SensorData

CCSDS (mux, code, frame) & Encrypt

CommXmitter

SE

NS

OR

S

OT

HE

RS

UB

SY

ST

EM

S

Cal.Source

DataStore

ENVIRONMENTALSOURCE

COMPONENTS

SP

AC

E S

EG

ME

NT

RDRProduction

EDRProduction

SDRProduction

EDR Level

SDR Level

RDR Level

IDP

S

CommReceiver

CommProcessing

Delivered Raw

C3S

TDR Level

Source: Goldberg, AGU Fall Meeting 2005

© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved

Resulting design

Disadvantages

– Inconsistent with heritage operational formats (GRIB, BUFR)

– Limited tools

Advantages

– Flexible; Extensible; Allows compression

– Accessed by API, not format

– Arrays can be addressed either by granule or by file

– Potentially self-documenting

– Handles abstract data types and large files

– BLOBs (e.g., raw data, external files) can be wrapped

File

File Metadata

Arrays

Granule

Granule Metadata

Arrays

Granule

Granule Metadata

Arrays

Granule

Granule Metadata

Source: Goldberg, AGU Fall Meeting 2005

Metadata Object Allocation to Product Documentation

Any xDR Product

File Metadata File unique metadata File common metadata pointers

Granule Metadata

XML Component

File Metadata

Granule Metadata

Granule Details

Data

HDF Component

NPOESSHANDBOOK

(electronic edition)

reference

copy

copy

Source: Goldberg, HDF Workshop 2003

NPOESS e-Handbook Referenced Components

NPOESSHANDBOOK

(electronic edition)

Other Descriptions

Ancillary Data Descriptions

Auxiliary Data Descriptions

Environmental Model Descriptions

EDR Processing Parameters

AlgorithmDescription

Sensor Descriptions

T/SDR Processing Parameters

AlgorithmDescription Platform Descriptions

RDR Processing Parameters

Comm Description

Source: Goldberg, HDF Workshop 2003

23Source: Raytheon Supplier Conference, 10 May 2005

IDPS Development Timeline

2Q20061Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004 1Q2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005 1Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006

1.3 Start BAR Prep

2/19/04

Design CUT Qual

1.3 FIRSTCDW

8/25/04

End of CUT

2/25/05

QualRFRDone9/1/05

1.3 LastCDW

12/15/04

SWIC/SegInt

End of SWIC/Seg Int Tests

6/13/05

WFM

End of WFM CUT

3/22/05

1.4CUT

1.4SWIC

1.4Design

QualDone

5/12/06

Integ-rationDone

3/17/06

End ofCUT

1/11/06CDW

9/14/05BAR

6/22/05

1.4Qual FAT

FATDone

7/26/06

NESDISSATDone

9/29/06

AFWASAT

Done11/15/06

N-SAT

A-SAT

NPOESSPDA

4/15/05

NESDIS HW Install 06/20/06 – 08/02/06AFWA HW Install 07/03/06 – 10/03/06

Time Now

• Joint NPOESS/NASA Risk Reduction and Data Continuity Mission

• VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite • CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder• ATMS - Advanced Technology MW Sounder• OMPS - Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite

• Provides lessons learned

• Ground system risk reduction – uses the NPOESS ground system

NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)

Source: IPO ADTT NPOESS Program Overview, 13 April 2005

NPP Continues Data Time Series

Ozone

Microwave Sounding

ImagingSpectroradiometer

Thermal Infrared Sounding

2010 20151975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

NIMBUS 7 M3 EP

NOAA 7 N9 N11 N14 N16

NOAA 7 N9 N11 N12 N14 N16

MODIS

TERRA

AQUA

AMSU

AIRS

CrIS

MODIS

OMPS(Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite)

ATMS (Advanced TechnologyMicrowave Sounder)

VIIRS(Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite)

CrIS(Cross-track Infrared Sounder)

NPP

NPP

NPP

NPP

NPOESS

NPOESS

NPOESS

NPOESS

AURA

N15-17, AQUA

AQUA

N17OMI

Year

Mea

sure

men

t Sys

tem

Conventional Operations EOS Technology Jump Research Quality Operations


Transition of Systematic Measurements(EOS NPP NPOESS)

Measurements:

Instruments:

Algorithms:

Processing:

Archive &Distribution:

Standards:

14/24 EOS Measurements

VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS, OMPS, CERES

EDRsIPO funded; Instrument/SSPR contractor teams with OAT oversight

Level 1, selected CDRsNASA funded (via AO process)

EDRs CDRsIDPS (IPO) SDS (NASA)

Mid Term: NOAALong Term: NOAA

IPO/NASA/NOAA led

NPOESS Era

14+ EOS Measurements

VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS, OMPS, ERBS, TSIM, CMIS, GPSOS, SESS, Radar Altimeter, DCS, SARSAT, APS

EDRsIPO funded; Instrument/SSPR contractor teams with OAT oversight

Level 1, selected CDRsTBD

EDRs CDRsIDPS (IPO) TBD

Mid Term: NOAALong Term: NOAA

IPO/NOAA led

EOS Era

24/24 EOS Measurements

MODIS , AIRS, AMSU , HSB, CERES, TOMS, OMI, ACRIM, TSIM, SOLSTICE , HIRDLS, MLS, AMSR, EOSP, SeaWiFS, ASTER, ETM+

NASA funded, PI led teams

EOSDIS / PI Processing(NASA)

Mid Term: EOSIDSLong Term: NOAA (TBR)

NASA led

NPP Era


White House Direction on Landsat

OLI/NPOESS Mission Advantages

• Transition of Landsat into a truly operational measurement

• Extension of the Landsat data record past 2020

• Leverage of proposed NPOESS infrastructure

• Benefits derived from combining data from OLI with Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the Aerosol Polarimeter Sensor (APS):

– Large scale processes of change detected by VIIRS can be more closely analyzed by OLI

– OLI data can be used to better calibrate VIIRS and validate Environmental Data Records (EDRs) derived from VIIRS data conversely VIIRS spectral bands can be used to atmospherically correct OLI data

– Aerosol measurements and corrections can be applied to both sensors– Terra (MODIS sensor) and Landsat 7 results have already demonstrated

the potential of combining data

Operational Land Imaging Plan

• Responsibilities– NASA -- Procure two OLI sensors, science team– NOAA -- Integration, operations, data relay– USGS -- Image planning, data processing, archive and distribution

• Operations concept– USGS provides daily target collection plan– NPOESS

• Builds collection into daily mission plan• Receives playback data at SafetyNetTM sites• Data returned to US and forwarded to USGS

– USGS• Processes, archives, distributes data

Environmental Satellite ProgramOver Budget, Behind Schedule

The U.S. National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) will exceed its $6.9 billion cost estimate by at least 15 percent, and its planners are now considering cutting instruments and satellites in addition to long delays.

“[NPOESS] is so badly broken … we could lose a lot of the climate [components], we could lose instruments,” NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) project scientist Jim Gleason told a committee of the National Research Council of the U.S. National Academies at a 25 October meeting.

The first NPOESS satellite had been scheduled to launch in 2009, but the launch date has been moved tentatively to 2012 and is likely to slip even further, according to Gleason.

However, NPP has suffered its own setbacks, with its launch being moved from October 2006 to April 2008 and now possibly to April 2009.

The main problem affecting NPP has been the difficulty in the engineering and construction of [VIIRS]... Because of the engineering problems that still have to be solved, [VIIRS] currently has no scheduled date for completion, according to Gleason.

NPOESS chief scientist Stephen A. Mango told the NRC committee, “other snags ... are going to lead to significant delays.”

... One cost-cutting option is to … not include every instrument on every satellite, he said…[O]ne of the three orbits … could be filled by the [MetOp] satellites, although this may cause problems with data continuity, according to Jack Kaye, director of the research and analysis program at NASA. At the NRC committee meeting, Kaye called this option “a giant step backwards.”

Canceling the first NPOESS satellite and using NPP to fill that slot—while it still serves as the transition satellite—has also been discussed, according to Gleason. However, NPP carries only four of the 10 instruments planned for NPOESS satellites.

No decisions about any of these options have been made at this point, and Mango hopes to have a better understanding about the future of the project after an NPOESS project planning meeting in December.

Kaye noted, though, “I think, in the end, we are all going to be forced to make decisions we don’t want to make because of the budget issues.”

Excerpts from News article by Sarah Zielinski, Staff Writer, Eos, Vol. 86, No. 45, 8 November 2005

Program Schedule ChangesMilestones As of

Aug 2002 contract award

As of Feb 2004 (rebase-line)

As of Aug 2005

Net change from contract award

Minimum change from rebase-line

Potential data gap

NPP launch May 2006

Oct 2006

Apr 2008

23-month delay

18-month delay

Not applicable

Final POES launch Mar 2008

Mar 2008

Dec 2007

4-month advance

Not applicable

First NPOESS satellite planned for launch

Apr 2009

Nov 2009

Sep 2010

17-month delay

10-month delay

Not applicable

First NPOESS satellite launch if needed to back up the final POES

Mar 2008

Feb 2010

Dec 2010

33-month delay

3-yr data gap if final POES fails on launch

Final DMSP launch Oct 2009

May 2010

Oct 2011

24-month delay

Not applicable

Second NPOESS satellite planned for launch

Jun 2011

Jun 2011

Dec 2011

6-month delay

6-month delay

Not applicable

Source: GAO-06-249T Source: GAO-06-249T, 16 Nov 2005

Program Life Cycle Cost Changes

As of Life cycle cost estimate Life cycle range

July 2002 $6.5 billion 1995-2018

July 2003 $7.0 billion 1995-2018

September 2004 $8.1 billion 1995-2020

November 2005 To be determined To be determined

Source: GAO-06-249T, 16 Nov 2005

“Over the past several years, the NPOESS program has experienced continued schedule delays, cost increases, and technical challenges. The schedule for the launch of the first satellite has been delayed by at least 17 months (until September 2010 at the earliest), and this delay could result in a gap in satellite coverage of at least 3 years if the last satellite in the prior satellite fails to launch. Program life cycle cost estimates have grown from $6.5 billion in 2002 to $8.1 billion in 2004 and are still growing. … bringing the life cycle cost estimate to about $9.7 billion. Technical risks in developing key sensors continue, and could lead to further cost increases and schedule delays.”

npoess program overview

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