nuclear chemistry by: giovanni nunez daniel nemariam andrew wang njweng yangni zainil kadiwal
TRANSCRIPT
Nuclear Nuclear ChemistryChemistry
By: Giovanni NunezBy: Giovanni NunezDaniel NemariamDaniel Nemariam
Andrew WangAndrew WangNjweng YangniNjweng YangniZainil KadiwalZainil Kadiwal
Introduction
Nuclear Medicine is the used of using radiation to fight and cure diseases.
Nuclear medicine has made many advancement in nuclear energy. The main one is the ability to fight cancer really well.
Daniel Nemariam
Nuclear MedicineNuclear Medicine
Nuclear Medicine is the branch of Nuclear Medicine is the branch of medicine that uses nuclear medicine that uses nuclear properties for diagnosis and therapy. properties for diagnosis and therapy. In other words take images of the In other words take images of the body and treat disease.body and treat disease.
Giovanni NuñezGiovanni Nuñez
Timeline of events that lead to Timeline of events that lead to modern Nuclear Medicinemodern Nuclear Medicine
Henri BecquerelHenri Becquerel(1852-1908)(1852-1908) French Physicist discovered French Physicist discovered radioactivity in 1896\radioactivity in 1896\
Wilhelm RöentgenWilhelm Röentgen(1845-1923)(1845-1923) German physicist who German physicist who discovered X-rays in 1895.discovered X-rays in 1895.
Pierre CuriePierre Curie(1859-1906)(1859-1906)French physicist who, along French physicist who, along with his wife Marie Sklodowska Curie, with his wife Marie Sklodowska Curie, isolated polonium and radium in 1898.isolated polonium and radium in 1898.
Giovanni NuñezGiovanni Nuñez
Time line continuedTime line continued RevigoratorRevigorator
After its discovery by Marie and Pierre Curie After its discovery by Marie and Pierre Curie in 1898, radium was considered a "cure-in 1898, radium was considered a "cure-all" until the early 1920sall" until the early 1920s
Marshall BrucerMarshall Brucer(1913-1994) (1913-1994) A "Father of Nuclear A "Father of Nuclear Medicine" and first president of the Medicine" and first president of the Society of Nuclear MedicineSociety of Nuclear Medicine
Hal Anger Hal Anger American inventor of the American inventor of the scintillation scanning camera in 1958scintillation scanning camera in 1958
Giovanni NuñezGiovanni Nuñez
History of the X-RayHistory of the X-Ray In 1895, Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen a professor In 1895, Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen a professor
of Physics, of Physics,
He discovered mysterious ray when he put a He discovered mysterious ray when he put a vacuum tube near a photographic plate.vacuum tube near a photographic plate.
Theses ray went through skin and muscle but Theses ray went through skin and muscle but were absorb by bone.were absorb by bone.
The rays would bounce off a metallic target and The rays would bounce off a metallic target and the rays could be focus on photographic film.the rays could be focus on photographic film.
Giovanni NuñezGiovanni Nuñez
Future of Nuclear MedicineFuture of Nuclear Medicine
The Future of Nuclear MedicineThe Future of Nuclear Medicine In the near future development of In the near future development of
radiopharmaceuticals, or nuclear radiopharmaceuticals, or nuclear medicine, will be used to detect medicine, will be used to detect cancer and create genetically cancer and create genetically engineered antibodies to fight of engineered antibodies to fight of cancer.cancer.
Giovanni NuñezGiovanni Nuñez
History of Nuclear Medicine The beginning of Nuclear Medicine in
1902 by Pierre Curie Pierre Curie and his wife Marie Sklodowska Curie.Marie Sklodowska Curie.
They discovered a substance that gave off more radio activity than others.
This substance was made of 2 elements radium and polonium.
Daniel Nemariam
History
When the curies discovered radium it was said that is was the beginning of the nuclear age
Irene Joliot-Curie the daughter of Pierre and Marie create artificial radiation
Daniel Nemariam
History
Back then the curie didn’t now the effect of too much radiation.
Too much handling of radiation caused scaring on Marie curie hands.
The effect of radiation brought the cancerous disease leukemia and Maria and Irene died before the age of 70
http://gtm-media.discoveryeducation.com/videos/11876/chp898113_700k.asf
Daniel Nemariam
Radiology
Is the field of diagnosing and treating disease and injury by using medical imaging techniques.
Some of the equipment used are x-rays, computed topography, magnetic
Andrew Andrew WangWang
Radiology
a person who studies this field is called a radiologist
you must first go though 4 years of medical education in radiation
safety/protection, radiation effects on the
human body, appropriate performance
and interpretation of duality radiological
medical imaging examinations
1 to 2 years of specialized training in a particular subspecialty of radiology is beneficial
Andrew Andrew WangWang
What is radiation therapy? What is radiation
therapy? -treats cancer kill cancer cells , shrink
tumors 2 types *External beam radiation-
regular X-rays
Internal radiation or Brach therapy- radioactive substances placed within the tumor beside (carcinogens) to kill the cancer cells
*patients usually stay in the hospital for about a day
* permanent or temporary
Njweng Yangni
Radiation therapy
Advantage Advantage
Kills cancer cells
The amount of radiation that a patient gets is determine by the doctor.
DisadvantageDisadvantage
Hair loss Rash Vomiting Nausea diarrhea
Andrew Andrew WangWang
what is chemotherapy? -use of drugs to kill
cancer cells How does chemotherapy
work? the drugs interfere with
the cancer cells ability to divide
What is the difference between radiation and chemo?
chemo: chemical agents;medical oncologist
-radiation:; radiation oncologist
Njweng Yangni
Chemicals
Some of the Chemical used are
alkalizing/cross-linking agents, antibiotics, ant
metabolites/inhibitors, hormones, cytokines
Andrew Andrew WangWang
How do X-rays work?
Goes through nonmetallic materials Smash of concentrated beam of electrons and a
metal plate. The result: x-rays X-rays secondary plate to prevent the scattering
of electrons- shows parts that contain metals ,growths, bone and mineral deposits-foreign objects
contrast agents shows veins and arteries
Njweng Yangni
MRI
MRI stands for Magnetic resonance imaging
MR imaging uses a powerful magnetic field, radio waves and a computer to produce detailed pictures of organs, soft tissues, bone and virtually all other internal body structures.
Zainil Zainil KadiwalKadiwal
CAT
Stands for Computed Tomography CT imaging uses special x-ray equipment
to produce multiple images or pictures of the inside of the body
The CT scanner is typically a large machine with a hole, or tunnel, in the center
A major advantage of CT is that it is able to image bone, soft tissue and blood vessels all at the same time.
Zainil Zainil KadiwalKadiwal
PET
Stands for Positron Emission Tomography
PET scans are used most often to detect cancer and to examine the effects of cancer therapy.
The radioactive may expose radiation to the fetus in patients who are pregnant.
Zainil Zainil KadiwalKadiwal
Difference between PET and CAT scan
CT scans of internal organs, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels provide greater clarity than conventional x-ray exams.
PET scans are used most often to detect cancer
Zainil Zainil KadiwalKadiwal