nuclear standards the international passport nuclear africa conference south africa march 18-20,...
TRANSCRIPT
Nuclear StandardsThe International Passport
Nuclear Africa ConferenceSouth Africa
March 18-20, 2015
Bryan ErlerASME Board of Governors
Vice President ASME
Agenda
• ASME Background and Overview
• History of Standards Development
• Nuclear Codes and Standards
• Nuclear Pressure Components Code Comparison
• Conformity Assessment
• Meaning to South Africa
ASME at a Glance
• ASME was founded in 1880• ASME has 375 employees• Membership: 140,000 members with over 200 local
sections and 500 student sections in over 40 countries • 40 technical divisions and specialty institutes• Education – ASME offers more than 200 courses and trains
about 9,000 people each year• Publish multiple technical journals and books• Sponsor many technical conferences• ASME develops codes and standards and has conformity
assessment programs for the nuclear and many other industries
Offices:
New York
Washington DC
Fairfield
Houston
Brussels
Beijing
New Delhi
BackgroundASME Codes & Standards
• First standard issued in 1884
• 700 total committees
• About 4000 volunteer committee members
• Between 75-100 standards issued annually
• Approximately 500 published codes and standards
• Administer over 40 Technical Advisory Groups to ISO
Brief History of Steam Power
• Throughout the 1800’s, both boiler size and operating pressure continued to increase
• By the 1890’s the number of boiler explosions was more than one per day
• Steam boiler explosions were costing thousands of lives
Examples:• The Grover Shoe Factory boiler explosion on March 20,
1905 in Brockton, Massachusetts
R. B. Grover & Company Shoe FactoryBefore the boiler explosion
R. B. Grover & Company Shoe FactoryAfter boiler explosion
• Following a number of explosions of this type states began to develop their own boiler laws
• This led to the development of different laws among the states
• In response, ASME issued the first Boiler Code in 1914
• It provided for safe construction and promoted commerce through consistency of requirements
Why Develop Standards?It’s about protecting public health and safety
400 psi
500 psi
650 psi
1600 psi
5000 psi
PRESSURE LEVEL
Why Standards Matter
• Covered industrial & residential boilers and pressure vessels
• Comprehensive - provides rules for materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, testing, certification, and pressure relief
• Dynamic – evolved and changed to reflect new technology and industry needs
ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code
• Reflects industry best-practices, offering real-world solutions developed by experts in the field
• A conformity assessment program is written into the code to assure compliance
• Adopted in whole or in part by all U.S. states and Canadian provinces
• Accepted as a means to meet local pressure equipment regulations by more than 100 nations
ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel CodeA Look at Today
Nuclear Codes and Standards
Development of Nuclear Component Construction Code
• The ASME B&PV Code for fossil plants was used in the 50s and early 60s for nuclear components
• In 1963 ASME published a new Section III dedicated to nuclear components.
• This was the first nuclear component standard in the world
• It was built off of and utilized many of the existing Boiler & Pressure Vessel Sections
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Sections•Section I - Power Boilers
•Section II - Materials
•Section III - Rules for Construction of Nuclear Facility Components
•Section IV - Heating Boilers
•Section V - Nondestructive Examination
•Section VI - Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of Heating Boilers
•Section VII - Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers
•Section VIII Pressure Vessels
•Section IX - Welding and Brazing Qualifications
•Section X - Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels
•Section XI - Rules for Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components
•Section XII - Rules for the Construction and Continued Service of Transport Tanks
Section IIIRules for Construction of Nuclear
Facility ComponentsDivision 1
•Subsection NCA - General Requirements Division 1 & 2•Subsection-NB - Class 1 Components•Subsection NC - Class 2 Components•Subsection ND - Class 3 Components•Subsection NE - Class MC Components•Subsection NF - Supports•Subsection NG - Core Support Structures•Subsection NH - Class 1 Components in Elevated Temperature Service•Appendices
Section IIIRules for Construction of Nuclear
Facility Components
Division 2 – Code for Concrete Containments
Division 3 – Containment Systems and Transport Packaging for Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste
Division 4 – Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy Devices (Under development)
Division 5 – High Temperature Reactors (with support of South Africa)
Section XIInservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components
• Preservice and inservice examination
– Mostly nondestructive (NDE)
– Identify degradation
• Evaluation Standards
• Repair/Replacement Activities
– Including modifications
• Aging management
Organization of Section XI
Division 1 - Light-water-cooled Nuclear Power Plants
Division 2 – Non LWR Nuclear Power Plants (Under Development as a risk informed monitoring system)
ASME Nuclear Standards
• NQA-1 - Quality Assurance Requirements for Nuclear Facility Applications (QA)
• OM - Code for Operation and Maintenance of Nuclear Power Plants
• QME-1 - Qualification of Active Mechanical Equipment used in Nuclear Power Plants
• RA-S - Probabilistic Risk Assessment for Nuclear Power Plant Applications (PRA)
• Nuclear Air and Gas Treatment Requirements
• Cranes in Nuclear Plants
ASME Code Usage
• International Usage
60 Countries – ASME B&PV Code
20 Countries – Section III Certificate Holders
Numerous countries use ASME Nuclear Code & Standards
Many countries purchase items to Section III
• Several Countries developed their own code, but all were based on ASME’s technical rules
• Over the years these individual standards began to diverge
2012 Nuclear Code Comparison
• The purpose was to identify the significant differences between the AFCEN, JSME, KEA, CSA and NIKIET Codes with respect to the ASME Code
• Since the other standards had started with ASME, it was considered the baseline standard for the comparison
• All Standards Developing Organizations participated in the study
• Performed in conjunction with the regulators Multinational Design Evaluation Program, “MDEP”
• Although this was a technical comparison it was observed that ASME is the only code with a conformity assessment program
• In most of the cases, the technical differences between the six codes are due to individual regulations in each of the countries
Conformity AssessmentIt’s all about quality
• “Any activity concerned with determining directly or indirectly that requirements are fulfilled”
• Conformity Assessment, when properly applied, provides regulators and purchasers of products confidence that the products were manufactured in accordance with the applicable standard, regardless of where in the world they were manufactured
• ASME’s Nuclear Conformity Assessment Program is recognized in over 100 countries
Nuclear Component Certification
Nuclear components: vessels, pumps, valves, piping systems, storage tanks, core support systems, concrete containments
Field installation and shop assembly
Fabrication, with or without design responsibility, for nuclear parts
Safety and safety relief valves
Containment of spent fuel and high level radioactive waste
NS Nuclear component supports (no associated stamp)
Nuclear Materials CertificationQSC – Quality Systems Certificate
• Supply material to nuclear component manufacturers
• Examples:– Bars, fasteners, castings, forgings, plates,
fittings, flanges, tubular products
– Wire, rod, billets, ingots
– Welding material
– Concrete reinforcing bars, prestressing components
Advantages of Using the ASME Conformity Assessment Program
• Components are constructed to an internationally known standard
• Standards have a proven reliability
• Standards used are consensus standards
• Qualification of suppliers
• Regular resurveying of suppliers
• Third party oversight of construction
ASME Codes and Conformity Assessment Meet Industry Expectations
• Stability and Flexibility:– Stability of a common set of rules and basis for production– Standards process which is dynamic enough for
technological innovation
• Fairness and Impartiality:– Level playing field for competition– Rules do not favor one region of the world over another
• Global and Technical Relevance– Meets the regulatory and market needs of nations and
regions
Fulfills Regulators’ Expectations
• Meets public safety, health and environmental objectives
• Provides confidence in the technical integrity of the product or service
• Supports mutual recognition essential to international trade
Conformity Assessment Value
• ASME codes, standards and conformity assessment programs provides for quality program consistency and ease of supply chain management
• Uniform implementation of its conformity assessment programs about the world has made the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code the most widely accepted by regulators and industry worldwide
What does all this mean for South African companies…???
• No matter which reactor is selected, nuclear localization will likely not give companies enough production to stay in business for the long term
• Lower production rates mean less efficiency and higher per unit costs, making South African companies less competitive
What is the formula for success?
• South African manufacturers need to gain access to the global market– Globally there are over 400 operating nuclear power
reactors– 71 nuclear units are under construction worldwide– Many units are in the planning phase
The Alternative…
• Setting up and maintaining multiple manufacturing quality programs: Is expensive Is cumbersome Creates inefficiency
…Manufacture to multiple standards
Bottom line… It makes a company
less competitive
Thoughts and Recommendations
• Nuclear Manufactures– Implement a strong quality culture
– Use experienced and qualified sub-suppliers
– Fully understand the code that is specified for design
– Train and continually re-qualify employees to your manufacturing processes
– Take full advantage of AIA
Thoughts and Recommendations
• Nuclear Plant Owner– Select a NSSS with strong success record meeting
quality, schedule and price
– Specify a code which has a conformity assessment program
– Review the NSSS sub-suppliers to assure qualifications and experience
– Self regulate by implementing a strong quality and safety culture in your organization
Thoughts and Recommendations
• Nuclear Regulator– Make sure licensing documents define a
clear code for design, manufacturing, construction and examination
– Evaluate the owner’s and NSSS vendors process for selection of sub-suppliers
– Utilize the conformity assessment process and take full advantage of an AIA
Summary
• ASME’s nuclear construction standard is the technical basis for all other standards
• ASME is the only standard which contains a conformity assessment program to assure full compliance with the standards
• South African manufacturers can use ASME standards and conformity assessment programs to gain access to the global market
• Which standards you use matters