nurturing innovation in indian universities to promote
TRANSCRIPT
International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 6(6), ISSN: 2394-9333
www.ijtrd.com
IJTRD | Nov – Dec 2019 Available [email protected] 293
Nurturing Innovation in Indian Universities to Promote
Renewable Energy
Sobin Sabu Thankachan
Research Associate, International Centre for Technological Innovations, Kerala, India
Abstract: Renewable energy is an integral part of climate change
solution. The main purpose of this paper is to find out the amount
of renewable energy projects done in engineering colleges. This
paper evaluates the mechanical engineering projects of St.
Joseph’s College of Engineering and Technology, Palai, to find
out the maturity of the technologies and their contribution to
sustainable development. Primary focus was given to renewable
energy technologies. The database was collected from the college
and was analyzed accordingly. Technology Readiness Levels
(TRL) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were
considered as the main criteria in evaluating the projects.
Keywords: SDGs, TRL, Engineering Projects, Indian
Universities, Renewable energy.
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Technology Readiness Level Scale Assessment
Technology Readiness Assessment (TRA) is a systematic,
metrics-based process that assesses the maturity level of new
technologies. Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) are a set of
metrics that enable the standardized assessment of the maturity
of a particular technology and the consistent comparison of the
maturity between different types of technology in the context of a
specific application, implementation, and operational
environment [1]. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) is a
framework that has been used in many variations across
industries to provide a measurement of technology maturity from
idea generation (basic principles) to (commercialization). TRL
can also be adapted to support understanding of capabilities and
resources required to develop technologies at different stages of
development.
The TRL methodology was originated at NASA in 1988 by S. R.
Sadin, et. al. [3]. It has been widely adopted in both the United
States and Europe. The United States Department of Defense
developed detailed guidance for using TRLs in the 2003, the
United States Department of Energy in 2004, and the European
Space Agency in 2008 [1].
Fig. 1 below represents the thermometer scale for NASA’s
Technology Readiness Levels.
According to the report ―Technology Readiness Level: Guidance
Principles for Renewable Energy technologies‖ published by
European Commission, the following provides an overview of
the common trends identified in each Technology Readiness
Levels.
TRL 1: Basic principles observed
Identification of the new concept
Identification of the integration of the concept
Identification of expected barriers
Identification of applications
Identification of materials and technologies based on
theoretical fundamentals/literature data
Preliminary evaluation of potential benefits of the concept
over the existing ones.
TRL 2: Technology concept formulated
Enhanced knowledge of technologies, materials and
interfaces is acquired
New concept is investigated and refined
First evaluation about the feasibility is performed
Initial numerical knowledge
Qualitative description of interactions between technologies
Definition of the prototyping approach and preliminary
technical specifications for laboratory test.
TRL 3: Experimental proof of concept
First laboratory scale prototype (proof-of-concept) or
numerical model realized
Testing at laboratory level of the innovative technological
element (being material, sub-component, software tool), but
not the whole integrated system
Key parameters characterizing the technology (or the fuel)
are identified
Verification of the proof of concept through simulation
tools and cross-validation with literature data (if applicable)
TRL 4: Technology validated in lab
(Reduced scale) prototype developed and integrated with
complementing sub-systems at laboratory level
Validation of the new technology through enhanced
numerical analysis (if applicable).
Key Performance Indicators are measurable
The prototype shows repeatable/stable performance (either
TRL4 or TRL5, depending on the technology)
TRL 5: Technology validated in relevant environment
Integration of components with supporting elements and
auxiliaries in the (large scale) prototype
Robustness is proven in the (simulated) relevant working
environment
The prototype shows repeatable/stable performance (either
TRL4 or TRL5, depending on the technology)
The process is reliable and the performances match the
expectations (either TRL5 or TRL6, depending on the
technology)
Other relevant parameters concerning scale-up,
environmental, regulatory and socio-economic issues are
defined and qualitatively assessed
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Figure 1: Technology Readiness Level
TRL 6: Technology pilot demonstrated in relevant
environment
Demonstration in relevant environment of the technology
fine-tuned to a variety of operating conditions
The process is reliable and the performances match the
expectations (either TRL5 or TRL6, depending on the
technology)
Interoperability with other connected technologies is
demonstrated
Manufacturing approach is defined (either TRL6 or TRL7,
depending on the technology)
Environmental, regulatory and socio-economic issues are
addressed
TRL 7: System prototype demonstration in operational
environment
(Full scale) pre-commercial system is demonstrated in
operational environment.
Compliancy with relevant environment conditions,
authorization issues, local / national standards is
guaranteed, at least for the demo site.
The integration of upstream and downstream technologies
has been verified and validated.
Manufacturing approach is defined (either TRL6 or TRL7,
depending on the technology).
TRL 8: System complete and qualified
Technology experimented in deployment conditions (i.e.
real world) and has proven its functioning in its final form.
Manufacturing process is stable enough for entering a low-
rate production.
Training and maintenance documentation are completed.
Integration at system level is completed and mature.
TRL 9: Actual system proven in operational environment
Technology proven fully operational and ready for
commercialization.
Full production chain is in place and all materials are
available.
System optimized for full rate production.
B. Sustainable Development Goals
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the
Global Goals, were adopted by all United Nations Member States
in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the
planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by
2030.
The 17 SDGs are integrated—that is, they recognize that action
in one area will affect outcomes in others, and that development
must balance social, economic and environmental sustainability
[6].
Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved
nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all
ages
Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and
promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and
girls
Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water
and sanitation for all
Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and
modern energy for all
Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic
growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and
sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
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Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe,
resilient and sustainable
Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production
patterns
Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its
impacts
Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and
marine resources for sustainable development
Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of
terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat
desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt
biodiversity loss
Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for
sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and
build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize
the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development
Figure 2: Sustainable Development Goals
C. Engineering College Projects
The overall amount of money spent for student projects in a
typical engineering college in Kerala would be approximately
Rs. 2 million. However, only a small proportion of this amount is
utilized for developing competent and relevant projects [7].
Universities and colleges are the places where innovation and
new discoveries take place. Therefore, if funds are utilized more
to develop mature projects that contribute to the sustainable
development goals, then it would certainly have a positive impact
on the economy and the environment.
D. Decentralized Renewable Energy
The application of renewable energy in post-disaster resilience is
noticeable. The deployment of decentralized renewable energy is
fuelling a disruptive transformation of the energy sector. The
rapid growth of decentralized renewable energy technologies
changes the structure of the energy sector towards a multi-actor
set-up in which large utilities interact with self-producing
consumers and mini-utilities [8].
E. Thrust Areas of MNRE
Moreover, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE),
Government of India, had introduced ―Thrust Areas with Action
Plan for RD&D‖ for technology development in new and
renewable energy in 2016. The objective of the program is to
promote technology development and demonstration for
widespread deployment of new and renewable energy for various
applications in cost effective manner across the country. RD&D
efforts are directed towards process/ technology development
and demonstration with emphasis on cost reduction and
improving efficiency. The RD&D projects are sanctioned to
various R&D/academic institutions, industries etc. following the
MNRE’s policy and guidelines dated 18.10.2010. 169 R&D
projects in solar thermal, solar PV, biogas, bio-fuel, hydrogen
and fuel cells were sanctioned by MNRE in the 11th
Plan Period
with total budget of Rs.525 crore to various R&D/academic
institutions, industries, etc., 60% of which was sanctioned for
solar projects [9]. Therefore, it would be beneficial if engineering
students are promoted to develop projects that come under the
thrust areas introduced by the MNRE [9].
II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In the present research, undergraduate engineering students’
projects done by mechanical engineering students of St. Joseph’s
College of Engineering and Technology, Palai, Kerala were
assessed based on Technology Readiness Levels and Sustainable
Development Goals achieved by these projects. The details of the
projects done by students from 2015 to 2019 were collected from
the mechanical department. The details collected included project
titles, description, date, expenditure, TRL and Sustainable
Development Goals.
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III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Table 1: SJCET Mechanical Projects (2015-2019)
Sl.No Project Title Cost Year Technology
Readiness Level
(1-9)
Sustainable Development Goal Category
(1-17) (in Rs.)
1 Hybrid Solar PV/T System 24000 2019 3 (7) Affordable and Clean Energy
2 Prosthetic Foot Movement 10000 2019 3 (3) Good Health and Well-Being, (10)
Reduced Inequalities
3 Nutmeg Mace Dryer 30000 2019 4 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
4 Pedal operated reciprocating
water pump
8000 2019 4 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
5 Design, fabrication and testing
of microbial fuel cell
4580 2019 3 (7) Affordable and Clean Energy
6 Magneto rheological fluid
braking system
15300 2019 3 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
7 Oil skimmer with waste
collecting mechanism
12450 2019 3 (12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
8 Graphene reinforced delrin
polymer
30811 2019 2 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
9 Design and Fabrication of
downdraft wood gasifier
14600 2019 4 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
10 Automatic Vegetable Cutter 13920 2019 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
11 Coconut climber machine 19000 2019 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
12 Portable toilet module 17000 2019 3 (3) Good Health and Well-Being,
(6) Clean Water and Sanitation
13 Fuel efficiency improvement
in petrol engine using water
injection
16590 2019 3 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
14 Belt Trailer Truck 23000 2019 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
15 Pet bottle rope maker machine 11690 2019 3 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
16 Automatic pneumatic
punching machine
27000 2019 4 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
17 Structural and computational
analysis of turbulent flow
around NACA 4412 and
NACA 4415 with ANSYS
Fluent
3000 2019 2 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
18 Design of gating and risering
system for butterfly valve
3500 2019 2 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
19 Race car active aerodynamics
system
2800 2019 2 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
20 Design and analysis of
reaction wheel
3700 2019 2 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
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21 Automatic tire inflation system 18000 2019 3 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
22 Pneumatic Brake and bumper
actuation before collision
22000 2019 3 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
23 Vortex induced vibrations for
aquatic clean energy
12000 2019 4 (7)Affordable and Clean Energy,
( 9) Industry, Innovation and
Infrastructure,
(13) Climate Action
24 Fused deposition modeling
using nano-materials
2000 2019 2 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
25 Experimental Investigation on
loop heat pipes using copper
nano-materials
2500 2019 2 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
26 Hybrid electrical two-wheeler 35000 2019 4 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and
Infrastructure,
(13) Climate Action
27 Automatic wall painting
machine
28500 2018 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
28 Plastic bottle recycling
machine
18960 2018 3 (12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
29 Airborne Wind Energy System 35,000 2018 5 (7) Affordable and Clean Energy, (9)
Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
(13) Climate Action
30 Design and fabrication of
pedal water cycle
17000 2018 4 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and
Infrastructure,
(11) Sustainable Cities and Communities
31 Fabrication of machine for
separating mace from nutmeg
20000 2018 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
32 Prototype fabrication of
automatic hand brake system
12000 2018 3 (3) Good Health and Well-Being,
( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
33 Volume expandable fused
deposition model based rapid
prototyping machine
19118 2018 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
34 Design and fabrication of
mechanical mover using Klan
mechanism
17000 2018 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
35 Renewable energy generation
from slow moving water
24000 2018 3 (7) Affordable and Clean Energy ,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
36 Design and fabrication of
universal wrench tool
23230 2018 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
37 Automatic shoe polishing
machine
24300 2018 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
38 Egg shell peeling machine 12000 2018 2 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
39 Design and fabrication of
portable drain cleaning
machine
11000 2018 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
40 Design and fabrication of
regenerative shock absorber
3240 2018 3 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and
Infrastructure, (12) Responsible
Consumption and Production
41 Fabrication of hybrid system 20000 2018 3 (7) Affordable and Clean Energy,
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for solar and wind (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
42 Fabrication and experimental
investigation on closed loop
pulsating heat pipe
28000 2018 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
43 Hot air jet machining 23000 2018 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
44 Computational analysis on
various fins
2400 2018 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
45 Micromachining using
ultrasonic vibration assisted
electrical discharge machine
EDM
15000 2018 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
46 Plastic injection molding 12000 2018 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
47 Assistive exoskeleton arm 8000 2018 3 (10) Reduced Equality
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
48 Development of a soya bean
oil based cutting fluid for
turning of EN8 steel
5000 2018 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
49 Solar agro sprayer with sun
tracking system
32000 2018 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
(15) Life on Land
50 Walker with adjustable legs 24000 2018 3 (10) Reduced Equality
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
51 Indoor air purifier 6000 2018 2 (3)Good Health and Well-Being,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
52 Automatic cylindrical water
tank cleaning machine
13000 2018 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
53 Design and fabrication of
economical electric auto-
rickshaw
50000 2018 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
54 Design, fabrication and
experimental investigation on
a PEM fuel cell
41000 2018 3 (7) Affordable and Clean Energy,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
55 Design and fabrication of aqua
silencer.
9000 2018 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
56 Design and fabrication of
cooling helmet using Peltier
effect
5000 2018 3 (3) Good Health and Well-Being,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
57 Design and fabrication of
refrigeration system using IC
engine waste heat
8815 2017 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
58 Generation of electricity from
exhaust gas of a bike
9169 2017 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
59 Design and fabrication of
coconut grating machine
3410 2017 2 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
60 Multi-purpose cleaning
machine
5134 2017 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
61 Portable Arrowroot Grinding
Jar
3600 2017 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
62 Automatic ironing machine 20167 2017 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
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63 Design and fabrication of
automatic seat belt
5185 2017 3 (3) Good Health and Well-Being,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
64 Advanced flat tire changing
mechanism
1729 2017 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
65 Design, analysis and
fabrication of a fish descaler
2630 2017 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
66 Design and fabrication of wall
plastering machine
39065 2017 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
67 Smart water purifier using
exhaust heat in automobiles
4300 2017 3 (6) Clean Water and Sanitation, (12)
Responsible Consumption and Production
68 Design and analysis of multi-
spring HN-3 actuator
3200 2017 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
69 Effect of bipolar plate flow
channel on the performance of
a proton exchange membrane
fuel cell: A numerical study
2600 2017 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
70 Design and analysis of manual
rice planter
2200 2017 2 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth
71 Design of fire fighting system
for petroleum storage tank
42000 2017 6 (3) Good Health and Well-Being, (8)
Decent Work and Economic Growth
72 Roof drain system failure
analysis in floating roof
petroleum storage tanks
23000 2017 2 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth
73 Design and fabrication of
plastic bottle shredding
machine
6000 2017 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth
74 Development of microclimate
personal cooling system based
on thermoelectric effect-
cooling jacket
5600 2017 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
75 Tetrapod assisting machine
(T.A.M)
11400 2017 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(15) Life on Land
76 Vibration analysis on
centrifugal pump
6000 2017 2 (12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
77 Experimental investigation on
micro electro-discharge
machining process
5000 2017 2 (12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
78 Autonomous tire pressure
maintenance system
8500 2017 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
79 Thermal analysis and
efficiency improvements in
solar panels
5000 2017 2 (7) Affordable and Clean Energy,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
80 Fabrication of paper recycling
machine
13200 2017 3 (12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
81 Design and fabrication of
micro ECM experimental
setup
31000 2017 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
82 On board weigh scale 2800 2017 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
83 Influence of strain rate and
solution ageing on CFRP and
its recycling
6900 2017 2 (12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
84 Fabrication of floor cleaning
machine
21500 2017 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
85 Adaptive steering controlled
headlight
5800 2017 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
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86 Supercharging of single
cylinder engine
26000 2017 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
87 Productivity improvement in
KSE limited
50000 2016 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
88 Pavement tile remolding
machine
18790 2016 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
89 Development and fabrication
of customized grass trimmer
31000 2016 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
90 Rubber tapping knife 1200 2016 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
91 Machining of glass using
abrasive air jet
11300 2016 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
92 Stair climbing wheel chair 26000 2016 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
(10) Reduced Equality
93 Sensor based inspection
conveyer
11700 2016 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
94 Performance analysis of
domestic refrigeration using
phase change material- An
experimental study
1839 2016 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
95 Design and fabrication of label
pasting machine for tapered
glass containers
15000 2016 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth
96 Design and cost estimation of
plate heat exchanger
7000 2016 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
97 Investigation on heat transfer
properties of nano fluid using
Michelson interferometer
6890 2016 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
98 Power ramp 16500 2016 3 (7) Affordable and Clean Energy,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
99 Design and fabrication of
energy recovery system during
braking
13700 2016 3 (12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
100 Casting and analysis of
aluminum (A6061) fly ash
metal matrix composite
4800 2016 2 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
101 Design and fabrication of
passenger seat with integrated
seat belts for cars
14500 2016 3 (3) Good Health and Well-Being,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
102 Fire fighting robot 18500 2016 3 (3) Good Health and Well-Being,
(8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
103 Investigation on
electrochemical discharge
machining
4200 2016 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
104 LPG as fuel and refrigerant in
automobile
7380 2016 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
105 Automobile power window
and A/C integration
9400 2016 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
106 Design and analysis of 2600 2016 2 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
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automatic fabric cutting
machine
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
107 Design and analysis of screw
conveyor
2580 2016 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
108 Analysis of regenerative
cooling in liquid propellant
rocket engines
3640 2016 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
109 Dynamic analysis of
automobile drive shaft at on-
road condition
4880 2016 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
110 Span morphing wings 1950 2016 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
111 Heat rate reduction using
waste heat at NTPC
4,83,000 2016 6 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
112 Manufacturing of integral bed
and base for stallion 100s
machine
97,240 2016 6 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
113 Preparation and characteristics
of banana reinforced phenol
formaldehyde composite
6800 2015 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
114 Fabrication and property
investigation of coir reinforced
composite
10050 2015 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
115 Hydraulic liner puller for
automobile engines
9250 2015 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
116 Design and fabrication of a
general purpose portable mini-
hydraulic turbine
3350 2015 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
117 Design and fabrication of low
cost solar water heater
14000 2015 3 (12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
118 Automatic tire inflation system
for automobiles
16000 2015 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
119 Accelerometer controlled
wheel chair
14400 2015 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
120 Solar based cutting machine 15000 2015 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
121 Oxy-hydrogen fuel system 1500 2015 2 ( 9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
122 River turbine 11000 2015 3 (7) Affordable and Clean Energy,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
123 Leaf Shredder 13200 2015 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
124 Reverse mechanism in two
wheeler for physically
disabled
3500 2015 3 (10) Reduced Equality,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
125 Peltier heating and cooling
jacket
3720 2015 2 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
126 Power generation from vehicle
suspension
11000 2015 3 (7) Affordable and Clean Energy,
(12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
127 Bamboo fiber based phenol
formaldehyde composite
material
8600 2015 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
128 Experimental investigation of 5800 2015 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure,
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coconut oil as a lubricant (12) Responsible Consumption and
Production
129 Effect of magnetic fuel
energizer on SI engine
6200 2015 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
130 Automobile fire safety system 2350 2015 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
131 Smart tool selector multi-axis
robot
8700 2015 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
132 Design, analysis and
fabrication of a coconut
dehusking machine
16500 2015 3 (8) Decent Work and Economic Growth,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
133 Analysis of flow through
convergent divergent nozzle
using CFD
1900 2015 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
134 Numerical investigation of
bipolar plates in proton
exchange membrane fuel cell
1570 2015 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
135 Design analysis of three way
unloading tipper
2230 2015 2 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
136 Design and analysis of gating
system of butterfly valve
38000 2015 6 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
137 Modified process layout of
split cam manufacturing
56000 2015 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
138 Design and analysis of
windmill hub manufacturing
8600 2015 3 (7) Affordable and Clean Energy,
(9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
139 Design of pressure vessel 7900 2015 3 (9) Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
Figure 3: Graph – SDGs Vs Number of projects
Figure 4: Net amount of fund spent on each SDG Vs Academic Year
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
SDG (3)
SDG (7)
SDG (9)
SDG (11)
SDG (13)
No. of Projects between 2015 and 2019
No. of Projects
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
SDG (3)
SDG (7)
SDG (8)
SDG (9)
SDG (12)
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Figure 5: Technology Readiness Level and Number of projects
Figure 6: Number of projects Vs TRLs of each SDGs
According to the data collected from the college, 139 mechanical
engineering projects were developed by students during the past
5 year period. Out of these projects majority of the projects,
about 77 projects were in the SDG category (9), Industry,
Innovation and Infrastructure. Meanwhile, in terms of the TRLs,
most of the projects, about 82 projects, were in the TRL 3 stage.
The graph below (Fig. 3) represents the number of projects in
each SDG categories.
The line chart (Fig. 4) represents the net amount of fund spent on
each SDGs during the past 5 years. SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation
and Infrastructure) was the category with most expenditure due
the high number of projects done in the category.
The above pie chart (Fig. 5) represents the proportion of projects
at each Technology Readiness Level. More than half of the total
projects were at TRL 3 stage.
The above bar graph (Fig. 6) represents the Technology
Readiness Levels (TRL) of projects in each Sustainable
Development Goal (SDG) categories. The development of
renewable energy projects can be evaluated by examining the
contribution in the SDG category (7) Affordable and clean
energy. It can be observed from the data that more students tend
to do renewable energy projects in 2018 when compared with
2015. However, the number of renewable energy technologies
developed is not significantly high.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This paper discussed about the importance of Sustainable
Development Goals and Technology readiness levels in
engineering projects. The paper includes the database of SJCET
mechanical engineering student projects from 2015 to 2019. This
database was used for analyzing the maturity and social
responsibility of the projects. From the detailed study conducted,
it was understood that about 55% of the projects were under the
SDG category (9) – (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure).
Also, in terms of TRL, about 59% were in the TRL 3 stage.
However, renewable energy and SDG (7) – (Affordable and
45
82
7 14
No. of Projects in each Technology Readiness Level
TRL 2
TRL 3
TRL 4
TRL 5
TRL 6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
SDG (3) SDG (7) SDG (8) SDG (9) SDG (12)
TRL 2
TRL 3
TRL 4
TRL 5
TRL 6
International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 6(6), ISSN: 2394-9333
www.ijtrd.com
IJTRD | Nov – Dec 2019 Available [email protected] 304
Clean Energy) need to be concentrated more in order to bestow
more innovations and discoveries in the sector. Colleges and
universities must encourage students to develop their projects
into at least TRL 4 by starting their projects early, with required
resources, so that the project would be mature enough for
commercialization by the end of their course. Also, students
should be encouraged to take up projects that involve social
responsibility and sustainable development. Besides, research
and development in renewable energy can be accelerated by
providing industrial exposure to students. Industrial talks by
renewable energy entrepreneurs must be conducted periodically
for students. They must be given opportunities to work in
industrial projects to gain knowledge about the current
technologies and scenarios. Outreach programs and rural
electrification initiatives must be taken in order to make students
aware about real life problems and solutions.
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