NutritionBy Rachel Kim and Luisa Righetti

Carbohydrates: Functions and Types

Carbohydrates are a component of food that supplies energy (calories) to the body. - Gives energy to cellsUsed in different cells for different purposesProduces glucoseMetabolizes fatLeftovers turn to fat

2 TypesSimple Carbs - (Sugar)Complex carbs - ( Starches)

Carbohydrates: Facts and examples

Made by plants to store sugars they produceWe take the extra starch and make it into fatFat weighs less for storing the energy than starch.Starches = Sugar molecules hooked togetherFor every gram of carbohydrates there are four calories

Examples include: Sugary cereals, Drink powders, sweets, jams, potatoes, pizza, crackers, flour, grains, fructose and dried fruit.

Fats: Functions and TypesInsulates body and internal organsProvides energyProtects vital organs from impactTransports certain vitamins and mineralsEnergy storage in case of starvationImportant component of our cell membrane

Types: Unhealthy: Monounsaturated fats, Polyunsaturated fatsHealthy: Saturated Fats and Trans fats.

Fats: Facts and examples The ideal body-fat ratio should be

approximately 19-26% of a woman's body weight, and 12-18% of a man's body weight.

Heat, light and oxygen destroy fatty acid. You'll find 9 calories in every gram of fat Fat is the 'energy reserve' of animals, plants and humans. Fat is an important part of a healthy diet Children need a certain amount of fat for their brains to develop

Examples include: Pizza, burgers, Meat, chocolate, sweets, cookies, pastries, ice-cream, deep fried foods and cold coffees/milkshakes.

Protein: Functions and Types

Protein builds, maintains, and replaces the tissues in your body. Your muscles, your organs, and your immune system are made up mostly of protein. Used to: Transport and store molecules Needed for mechanical support Immune protection Control of growth Control chemical reactions

Types of Proteins : Enzymes =proteins that catalyze chemical and biochemical reactions. Hormones - proteins that are responsible for the regulation of many processes in organisms. Transport proteins - These proteins are transporting or store some other chemical compounds and ions.

Protein: Facts and examplesWe use the protein to make specialized protein molecules that

have specific jobs.Made of components called amino acids.Can be used in combination with a higher calorie diet, hence a

weight gainAppetite suppressant.

Examples include: • Meat, such as lamb or chicken• Fish, like salmon or tuna• Dairy products, like milk or cheese or eggs• Soya beans or pulses• Cereals and grain foods, like rice or pasta, oats and muesli• Seeds, like sunflower seeds

Fibre Functions:Prevents constipationKeeps digestive system healthy and workingReduces blood sugar swings Types:Naturally occurring fibre, Soluble fibre, Insoluble fibre, Functional fibres

- Helps reduce high blood cholesterol -Keeps blood sugar levels stable.-Plays an important role in helping us stay fit

Examples: Whole wheat, grain products, fruits and vegetables

Vitaminsbody needs so it can work properlyhelps you grow2 types

fat soluble water soluble

body gets vitamins from the food we eathelps grow and develop body fat soluble

Stored in fat tissue and liver carriers take from body, when needed

water soluble Not stored in body Travels through bloodstream Whatever is not needed come out as urine (pee)

VitaminsVitamin A

helps with eyesight helps body fight infections cell growth builds healthy skin and hair examples: liver, orange fruits and vegetables, and etc..

Vitamin B makes energy builds protein in body makes red blood cells helps function nervous tissue examples: vegetables, dairy, whole grains, meats, etc..

Vitamin C helps heal body keeps body tissues (gums and muscles) in good shape holds cells together examples: citrus fruits, vegetables, and etc..

VitaminsVitamin D

absorbs calcium forms strong teeth and bones skin absorbs it from sunlight examples: milk, fish, egg yolks, liver, and etc..

Vitamin E protects tissues and red blood cells from damage helps prevent damage of vit A,B examples: grains, vegetables, vegetable oils, wheat, and etc..

Vitamin K “clotmaster” stops body from bleeding examples: vegetables, dairy, grains, and etc..

Mineralshelps body grow, develop, and stay healthymakes hormones and keep a normal heartbeatperforms different functionsbuild strong bonessolid substance→ natural2 types

macro minerals trace minerals

Macro Minerals body needs large amounts examples: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, sulfur, and etc..

Trace Minerals body needs small amounts examples: iron, manganese, copper, iodine, fluoride, and etc..

MineralsCalcium

builds strong bones helps build strong, healthy teeth functions nervous system examples: dairy, vegetables, fish, and etc..

Iron carries oxygen from lungs to blood cells examples: meat, vegetables, fish, enriched grains, and etc..

Potassium works muscles, nervous system properly makes water in body right amount examples: vegetables, citrus fruits, dried fruits, legumes, and etc..

Zinc helps fight off illness and infections cell growth heals wounds examples: meat, seafood, liver, dairy, grains, and etc..

MineralsPhosphorus

healthy bones and teeth energy balances acid in body examples: dairy, meat, grain, and etc..

Magnesium healthy bones functions nervous system energy examples: dairy, meat, fish, vegetables, and etc..

Copper metabolism helps function blood vessels examples: meat, vegetables, grains, and etc..

Waterhalf of body weightsurvive a few days without itcarries oxygen to all cells part of immune system

fights off illnessdigitises foodsgets rid of waste main ingredient of perspiration (sweat)no caloriesdehydration→sickness

dehydration= not enough water

Bibliography

www.kidshealth.orgwww.wikipedia.orgwww.fibrefacts.comwww.answers.yahoo.comhttp://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritio

nsource/what-should-you-eat/protein/