o 3 and fine particle pollution in china and regional air quality modeling yuanhang zhang college of...
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O3 and fine particle pollution in China and regional air quality modeling
Yuanhang ZhangCollege of Environmental Sciences
Peking UniversityBeijing 100871, China
Outline
O3 in regions and high mountains
PM2.5 in regions
Trends in Beijing and Hong Kong (PRD)
Regional & global modeling
Li Jiang
E_Mei Mt
Hai Nan
Wu Dang Mt
Wu Yi Mt Zhou Shan
PKU_BOGES
Mt. Everest
Beijing-Tianjing
City Clusters (Mega City)City Clusters (Mega City) Mega, large, middle, small cities/towns: connected through intensely economic activities Formed due to fast urbanization City-Clusters in eastern coast areas
Pearl River Delta
Yangtze River Delta
10.4
50.7
98.3
157.8
200
0
50
100
150
200
250
1980 1990 1995 2000 2003
Vehicle in Beijing
Mt. Waliguan
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
2000-3-30 2000-4-29 2000-5-29 2000-6-28 2000-7-28 2000-8-27 2000-9-26 2000-10-26
O3,
mg/
m3
Min Tomb
Urban center
Olympic Village
O3 pollution in Beijing
Spatial distribution of O3 in Beijing area (June 21-July 3, 2000June 21-July 3, 2000 ))
8 hrs meanMaximun
O3 in PKU campus
April, July and August
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.1
0
4.1
1
4.1
2
4.1
3
4.1
4
4.1
5
4.1
6
4.2
2
4.2
3
4.2
4
4.2
5
4.2
6
4.2
7
4.2
8
4.2
9
4.3
0
data
O3,
NO
, N
O2,
O3+
NO
2,
ppb
O3(PPB) NO(PPB) NO2(PPB) O3+NO2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.1
0
7.1
1
7.1
2
7.1
3
7.1
6
7.1
7
7.1
8
7.2
0
7.2
1
7.2
3
7.2
5
7.2
6
7.2
7
7.2
8
7.3
0
7.3
1
data
O3
, NO
, NO
2, O
3+
NO
2, p
pb
O3 NO NO2 SO2 O3+NO2
0
50
100
150
200
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
1-0
data
O3
, N
O, N
O2
, O
3+
NO
2, p
pb
O3(PPB) NO(PPB) NO2(PPB) SO2 O3+NO2
Gaseous pollutants in Xinken (Rural area of Guangzhou)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
PM2.
5(ug
/m3)
0
50
100
150
200
10-02 10-04 10-06 10-08 10-10 10-12 10-14 10-16 10-18 10-20 10-22 10-24 10-26 10-28 10-30 11-01 11-03 11-05
日期
O3,
NO
y(pp
b)
O3(ppb)NOy(ppb)
0
50
100
150
200
SO2,
NO
(ppb
)
0
1
2
3
4
CO
(ppm
)
NO(ppb)SO2(ppb)CO(ppm)
Aircraft
PRD regional O3 pollution
0
50
100
150
200
10 11 12 13 14 15日期
O3(ppb)
0
100
200
300
400
NO(ppb)
O3(ppb) NO(ppb)
0
50
100
150
200
10 11 12 13 14 15日期
NO,O3(ppb)
O3(ppb) NO(ppb)
0
50
100
150
200
10 11 12 13 14 15
日期
NO,NO2,O3(ppb)
O3(ppb) NO2(ppb) NO(ppb)
0
50
100
150
200
10 11 12 13 14 15
日期
NO,NO2,O3(ppb)
O3(ppb) NO2(ppb) NO(ppb)
0
50
100
150
200
10 11 12 13 14 15日期
NO,NO2,O3(ppb)
NO(ppb) NO2(ppb) O3(ppb)
High O3 Conc.
0
50
100
150
200
10-10 10-11 10-12 10-13 10-14 10-15
O3 NO NO2
0
50
100
150
200
10-10 10-11 10-12 10-13 10-14 10-15
O3 NO NO2
0
50
100
150
200
10-10 10-11 10-12 10-13 10-14 10-15
ppb
NO NO2 O3
O3 concentation in Yangtze Delta
99-9-22 99-9-23 99-9-24 99-9-25 99-9-26 99-9-27 99-9-28 99-9-290
40
80
O3(
CS)
DATE
0
40
80
O3(
SS)
0
40
80
O3(
LA)
0
40
80
O3(
JH)
0
40
80
O3(
JX)
JiaXin
JianHu
LinAn
SheShan
ChangShu
0
2040
60
80100
120
1994-1995
2000 2001 2004 2002-2003
2002-2003
2001 1997-1999
2001
Beijing PRD HK FHHT Qingdao
PM2.
5, u
g/m
3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
7 11 7 11 7 12 7 12 8 11 8 11
BJ_U BJ_S GZ_U GZ_S SH_U SH_S
PM2.
5, u
g/m
3
PM2.5 concentrations in several regions and cities of China
2003,8
E_Mei Mt.
54 ug/m3
Wuyi Mt.
54 ug/m3
PM2.5 in fives stations in PRD
Average during Oct 7-Nov 4, 2004
75.764.3
118.0
95.4 100.4
0
50
100
150
从化 惠州 省站 万顷沙 新垦
PM2.5/PM10
CH 0.87
HZ 0.70
WQS 0.69
UB* 0.78
Aircraft 0.86
10月 9日
Chemical Chemical speciation of PMspeciation of PM2.5 2.5
Sites Year OC EC SO42- NO3
- NH4+ Mass
1994-1995 15.2 5.2 6.5 91.0
2000 28.0 3.0 16.7 9.8 6.1 95.5 Beijing
2001 26.0 2.8 12.7 5.9 3.9 84.2
Huhehaot 2001 30.3 2.8 8.5 2.9 2.0 83.7
2001 19.2 2.1 12.0 6.4 4.4 69.3 Qingdao
1997-1999 16.0 6.9 7.9 49.6
Pearl River Delta 2000_11 19.2 1.7 14.4 2.3 2.4 84.3
Li_an 1999_11 27.7 2.8 15.8 6.7 7.1 73.1
Changsu 1999_11 40.5 3.0 20.0 11.3 9.4 111.9 Yangtze
Delta
Sheshan 1999_11 33.2 2.0 16.2 9.3 6.6 83.8
Waliguan* 1994-1995 0.05-0.6
Main chemical compositions of PM2.5 in several locations, ug/m3
(Some data from joint project of PKU and Georgia Tech)SOSO44
2-2- + NO + NO33-- + NH + NH44
++ + OC: 60-70% + OC: 60-70%
Organic30%
Trace2%
Crustal20%Ammonium
6%
Sulfate17%
Chloride2%
EC3%
Nitrate10%
Unknow10%
Beijing: 95.5 ug/m3
PRD, 42.4 ug/m3
Ammonium7%
Sulfate25%
unknown15%
Nitrate4%
EC6%
OC31%Trace
3%
Crustal9%
Variation of light scattering and absorption coefficient in Guangzhou
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
10-4 10-6 10-8 10-10
10-12
10-14
10-16
10-18
10-20
10-22
10-24
10-26
10-28
10-30
11-1 11-3 11-5
消光系数,
Mm
-1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
SS
A
bsca babs w0
300
61
0.83
Collaboration with MPI and IFT, Germany
Climate effects of aerosol pollution
Radiative forcing is negative:–25 Wm–2 TOA –100 Wm–2 BOA
25% integral daylight decrease of BOA solar flux
37% decrease of NO2 photolysis rate
SSA ( 0.87 ) GZ 0.83
Beijing 0.79
Lin-An 0.82
Guangzhou
Collaboration with MPI and IFT, Germany
Relationship between light absorption and OC/EC in Guangzhou
y = 8.5444x + 20.753
R2 = 0.9526
y = 5.2379x - 35.63
R2 = 0.6842
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
EC or OC (gC/m3)
bab
s (
Mm
-1)
EC
OC
two par fit for Babs
Linear (EC)
Linear (OC)
babs = 9.79 + 0.758*OC + 7.70*ECR2 = 0.958
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3530
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
EC vs ap (1day data set, N=21)
y=20.60x-2.89 (R2=0.887)
Abs
orp
tion
Coe
ffici
ent M
m-1
Element Carbon / Organic Carbon in PM2.5 ( g/m3)
OC vs ap (1day data set, N=21)
y=3.52x-4.74 (R2=0.808)
Multiple linear fitting:
ap = 16.08[EC] + 0.72[OC] -2.97
(R2=0.888)
Urban
from MPI
Xinken
EC : 70 - 80%
OC : 20 - 30%
Oxidative capacity in an increasing trend in Hong Kong
O3+NO or O3:
1ppb/yr
NO2+O3
0
20
40
60
80
100
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
NO
2+O
3(pp
b)
CW TaiPo TsuenWan Tap Mun Tung Chung
O3
0
20
40
60
80
O3(
ppb)
NO2
0
20
40
60
80
NO
2(pp
b)
O3 ( : 21.9%)台北市區 濃度季節變化 十年線性增加率
0
10
20
30
40
50
PPb
NO2 ( : -26.4%)台北市區 濃度季節變化 十年線性減少率
0
10
20
30
40
50
PPb
(O3+NO2) ( : -2.8 %)台北市區 濃度季節變化 十年線性減少率
01020304050607080
1994 春
1994 夏
1994 秋
1994 冬
1995 春
1995 夏
1995 秋
1995 冬
1996 春
1996 夏
1996 秋
1996 冬
1997 春
1997 夏
1997 秋
1997 冬
1998 春
1998 夏
1998 秋
1998 冬
1999 春
1999 夏
1999 秋
1999 冬
2000 春
2000 夏
2000 秋
2000 冬
2001 春
2001 夏
2001 秋
2001 冬
2002 春
2002 夏
2002 秋
2002 冬
2003 春
2003 夏
2003 秋
2003 冬
2004 春
PPb
NO2
O3+NO2
O3
11 yearTrend ofO3 inTaipei(Shaw Liu)
Long-range Trans-boundary Air Pollutants in Northeast Asia
Participants:– China– Korea– Japan
Focus:– Concentrations of S, N, O3 and PM– Wet and dry depositions– Source and receptor relationship for sulfur
In the second phase
Source and receptor relationship for sulfur, March 2002 case, %
Receptor
China Korea Japan
China 93.34 1.75 4.91
Korea 2.18 66.46 31.35 Source
Japan 0.00 0.02 0.98
Receptor
China Korea Japan
China 99.6 28.6 32.2
Korea 0.4 69.2 13.1 Source
Japan 2.2 54.7
Source budget Receptor budget
Very draft results
Wang, Z.F of IAP
GEATM development
In operation
SO2, SO42-, Dust, BC,
Hg, etc.
SO2Simulation
SO2 Stateline data
Global Environmental Atmospheric Transport Model