ob ppt - july 2010 - day 6 - given

8/7/2019 OB ppt - July 2010 - Day 6 - given

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Welcome to Day 6 !


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CONGRATULATIONS !13 students score 10 on 10 in Individual

Quiz -1 :

AANCHAL, ABHISHEK (Sahay) ,AMITKUMAR, ANKIT, ANSHULA,MAHIMA, NAMAN, SATYAKAM,

SAURABH, SOHIN, SUMIT (Puri),SUNAYANA andVISHNU

Very well done ! Keep it up


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Motivation techniques and Retention strategies

- from my experiences in HR - 1

Larsen & Toubro (Engineering) 1990 1995

- Culture at the work place

- Campus recruitment planning & techniques to ensure higher

hit ratio (wishing prior to exams/birthdays, ..)

- Initiatives such as Silent hour, TQM, Kaizen

- Employee welfare activities bus facility, medical center,

canteen, holiday homes, etc


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Motivation techniques and Retention

strategies - from my experiences in HR -2

Fulford India Limited (Pharmaceutical ) 1995 2000

- Screening of Educational movies (British Council)

- Month of joining Meetings/ Birthday Meetings

- White Board at reception

- Star Awards function for the best Medical Rep.

- Family Day celebrations

- House Magazine

- HR initiated activities such as Housekeeping Day

- Open Communication Meeting


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IL&FS (Financial Services) 2000 2002

- Creating a fun atmosphere at the work place with activities such

as Inter-departmental quiz (complete with buzzer round, etc) !

- Insurance Scheme with HDFC SL for Housing Loans

- Training calendar annual and monthly sent to employees.

- Housing Loans/ Vehicle Loans.. hugely discounted

-

Employee Handbook on the intranet


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Tata Interactive Systems (e-learning) 2002 2007

- Individual Training Budget

- HIPO list- Focused Job Rotation

- TIS culture

- Initiatives such as Mentoring Dyads/Triads

- Flexi hours; Empowerment

- A+ rating for employees by nomination only; Discussed amongfunctional heads and approved


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Vodafone Essar Limited 2007 - 2008

- Employee Engagement Initiatives

- Recognition program Vodafone Star- Long term incentive (a retention step)


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Some other interesting strategies used to

motivate employees

On the spot recognition to employee

Appreciation cheques

Co. car to be used by employee on wedding day ! Co. peon visits home of employee when he on tour checking if

any help required

Fun Officer sole role is to create fun at the work place !

Getting the family involved family day at the office; training

programs for employees kids prior to exams.. Having a help-desk where a person does all personal work of

the employees (paying of telephone bills, electricity bills, buyingmovie ticket, etc); employee pays a flat amount per transaction


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Some key Motivation theories

Frederick Taylors theory he put forwardthe idea that workers are motivated mainly

by pay Elton Mayos theory he believed that

workers are not just concerned with moneybut could be better motivated by having theirsocial needs met whilst at work

Maslows hierarchy of Needs

Herzbergs theory


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Herzbergs theory Frederick Herzberg (1923-) believed in a two-factor theory of

motivation

He argued that there were certain factors that a business couldintroduce that would directly motivate employees to work harder

(Motivators). e.g. how interesting the work is and how muchopportunity it gives for extra responsibility, recognition andpromotion can be a Motivator

However there were also factors that would de-motivate anemployee if not present, but would not in themselves actually

motivate employees to work harder (Hygiene factors) Hygiene factors are factors which surround the job rather than the

job itself. For example a worker will only turn up to work if abusiness has provided a reasonable level of pay and safe workingconditions but these factors will not make him work harder at his

job once he is there


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Instruction following exercise


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Learnings Important to understand the

instructions and not do thingsunnecessarily, when not required to bedone

Dont act impulsively and waste time in

uncalled activity


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Learning Theories A learning theory is an attempt to describe how people

and animals learn, thereby helping us understand theinherently complex process of learning

Typical adult learning theories encompass the basicconcepts of behavioural change and experience

There are three main categories or philosophicalframeworks under which learning theories fall:

Behaviorism - focuses only on the objectively observableaspects of learning

Cognitivism - look beyond behavior to explain brain-basedlearning

Constructivism - views learning as a process in which the

learner actively constructs or builds new ideas or concepts


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Behaviourism Skinner (1904-1990) is associated with the approach to learning

known as behaviorism

Skinner conducted experiments in which pigeons and rats were

taught to obtain food pellets by performing certain actions, e.g.pecking a lever a certain number of times

Skinner asserted learning occurs through operant conditioning i.e.where there is reinforcement of the behavior by a reward or apunishment

If an action has positive consequences for the organism it is morelikely to repeat that action, if the consequences are undesirable

then the action is less likely to be repeated

In behaviorism a task is broken down into small steps and thenused to shape the learners behavior


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Cognitivism Cognitive theories look beyond behavior to explain brain-based

learning. Cognitivists consider how human memory works topromote learning

As per this theory, the individual learner is more key rather thanthe environment (which behaviorists emphasize)

Two key assumptions underlie this cognitive approach

that the memory system is an active organized processor ofinformation and

that prior knowledge plays an important role in learning

Organizing information, using metaphors (symbols/images) andarranging information from simple to complex has been takenfrom the cognitive learning theory


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Constructivism Constructivism views learning as a process in which the learner

actively constructs or builds new ideas or concepts based uponcurrent and past knowledge or experience

Learning involves constructing one's own knowledge from one'sown experiences

Constructivism promotes a student's free exploration within agiven framework or structure. The teacher acts as a facilitatorwho encourages students to discover principles for themselves

and to construct knowledge by working to solve realisticproblems

The constructive learning theory believes in aiding learningrather than controlling learning, because the learning outcome

may not always be predictable


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Rope exercise..


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Learnings Often things look impossible to achieve,

but with focus and determination, youcan find a solution

Never give up !


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Learning Styles Learning styles are various approaches or ways of

learning

They involve educating methods, particular to anindividual, that are presumed to allow that individual tolearn best

It is commonly believed that most people favor someparticular method of interacting with, taking in, and

processing stimuli or information Teachers should therefore assess the learning styles of

their students and adapt their classroom methods tobest fit each student's learning style


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Types ofLearning Styles Visual (spatial) - Prefer using pictures, images, and spatial

understanding

Aural (auditory-musical) - Prefer using sound and music

Verbal (linguistic) - Prefer using words, both in speech andwriting

Physical (kinesthetic) - Prefer using body, hands and sense oftouch

Logical (mathematical) - Prefer using logic, reasoning andsystems

Social (interpersonal) - Prefer to learn in groups or with otherpeople

Solitary (intrapersonal) -Prefer to work alone and use self-study

Note: Usually people retain combination of two or more classes,

some dominant and some auxiliary learning modalities


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David Kolbs Model on

Learning Style Kolb identified four learning styles, namely

diverger, assimilator, converger and

accommodator An individual may exhibit a preference for

one of the four styles depending on hisapproach to learning

Kolbs model gave rise to the Learning StyleInventory (LSI), an assessment method usedto determine an individual's learning style


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Kolbs Learning Styles DivergentLearner

AssimilatingLearner

ConvergentLearner

Accommodating Learner


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DivergentLearner (Diverger) Learning by observing rather than

taking action; learning from othersexperiences

Divergers are imaginative and are goodat coming up with ideas and seeing

things from different perspectives


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Assimilating Learner

(Assimilator) Learning by listening to the experts

rather than from others experiences;learning by sequentially orderinginformation into logical forms

Assimilators are capable of creating

theoretical models by means ofinductive reasoning (based on generalinferences)


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ConvergentLearner

(Converger) Learning by doing the work themselves,

approaching learning as problem solving;

finding solutions by thinking logically throughproblems

Convergers are good at making practicalapplications of ideas and using deductive

reasoning to solve problems


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Accommodating Learner

(Accommodator) Learning by doing and by working in

the field with others, solving problems

based on gut instinct and discussionswith others rather than through logic

Accommodators are good at actively

engaging with the world and actuallydoing things instead of merely readingabout and studying them


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Football focus exercise


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Learnings.. Sometimes, you do not get all the

information you need ; important to

deduce based on available data Do it right the first time !


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Lutts and Mipps exercise


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Learnings. When working as team and in situations such as

problem solving, etc. you may get information whichare more than what you need; important to prioritiseand focus on the issue at hand

Dont be bogged down and confused with informationoverload; think with clarity and be quick yet accurate;Speed combined with accuracy is the essence

All team members have to pool in whatever informationthey have to be effective

Adapting to change ?


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Emotions Emotions seem to take control on

occasions, biasing our perceptions and

motivating us to behave in a particular ways Emotion is associated with mood,

temperament, personality and disposition,and motivation

Emotions add an evaluative dimension toexperience, which turns out to be crucial forrational decision-making


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Components of an Emotion Affect - This is subjective feeling: happiness,

sadness, anger, etc.

Cognitive reaction - You recognize, or knowwhat happened

Physiological reaction - Internal changes occurinvolving the autonomic nervous system andhormones

Behavioral reaction - You feel disposed to behavein particular ways, depending on the emotion (e.g.,lashing out at someone when angry)


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Eight Primary (or Basic) Emotions as

per Robert Plutchik Anger

Fear

Sadness

Disgust

Surprise

Anticipation

Trust Joy

Note: Other emotions are then viewed as combinationsof the primary emotion


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8 advanced emotions as per

PlutchikEach of the advanced emotions arecomposed of 2 basic ones egs.

Optimism = Anticipation + Joy

Love = Joy + Trust

Submission = Trust + Fear


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Note: Each emotion can vary in intensity;

emotions for which we give different

names may be the same emotion atvarious intensities

Some emotions occur over a period of

seconds (for example, surprise),whereas others can last years (forexample, love).


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Attitudes & Job Satisfaction Attitude Defined as a favorable or

unfavorable evaluation of and reaction

to an object, person, event or idea Job Satisfaction - describes how

content an individual is with his or herjob. The happier people are within theirjob, the more satisfied they are said tobe. Job satisfaction is not the same asmotivation, although it is clearly linked


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Components of AttitudeTHREE COMPONENTS

Cognitive component (opinion or belief)

Affective component (emotional feelings) Behavioral component (intention to behave)

Example: studying negative attitudes towards group

* Negative beliefs (cognitive)* Prejudice, negative feelings (affective)

* Discrimination, negative actions (behavioral)


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Types of AttitudesAlthough there are unlimited types of

attitudes, OB is concerned with three:

Job satisfaction (general attitudes)

Job involvement (self-worth)

Organizational commitment (identifies with

organization) When attitudes is altered, behaviour is

altered


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Measuring Job Satisfaction Through LikertScale

Yes/No questions

True/False questions

Point systems

Checklists Forced choice answers


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Job satisfaction effects Job satisfaction and productivity

Job satisfaction and absenteeism

Job satisfaction and turnover

Job satisfaction and ??


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End of Day 6 !

ob ppt - july 2010 - day 6 - given

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