obacco smoking

8/11/2019 Obacco Smoking

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obacco smoking

Of all the risk factors for ill health, tobacco smoking is responsible for the greatest burden on the

health of Australians, accounting for 9.7% of the total burden of disease in 1996 (see The Burden of

Disease and Injury in Australiafor more detail).

obacco smoking is a ma!or risk factor for"

coronar# heart disease

stroke

peripheral $ascular disease

numerous cancers including cancers of the lung, mouth, oesophagus, lar#n, kidne#, pancreas,

bladder, stomach and cer$i

and other diseases and conditions.

&n 199', an estimated 19,19 people died in Australia as a result of tobacco smoking. Around 1% of

deaths from cardio$ascular disease are due to smoking tobacco. &n 1997*9', 1+,-- hospital

separations ere attributable to tobacco smoking.

How many Australians smoke?

/esults from the 1 0ational rug 2trateg# 3ousehold 2ur$e# sho that, for Australians aged 1+

#ears and o$er"

Approimatel# .1 million people (19.-%) smoked on a dail# basis. his is the first time that

the pre$alence of dail# smoking has dropped belo %.

A further .6% (around 6, people) reported occasional smoking and so ere also at risk

of de$eloping heart disease and other chronic conditions from smoking tobacco products.

1% of males and 1'% of females ere dail# smokers.

Among teenagers aged 1+*19 #ears, 1+% of bo#s and 16% of girls smoked dail#.

2moking rates among Australian adults ha$e declined steadil# since the earl# 197s, and this trend

has continued into the 199s. he greatest decline beteen 199' and 1 as among those aged

*9 #ears. /esearch form the Anti*4ancer 4ouncil of 5ictoria shos the rate of decline of current

smokers has sloed in more recent #ears.

Further information

Alcohol and other drugs

he 4ancer 4ouncil of 5ictoria
http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=6442467990http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=6442467990http://www.aihw.gov.au/alcohol-and-other-drugs/http://www.accv.org.au/http://www.aihw.gov.au/alcohol-and-other-drugs/http://www.accv.org.au/http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=6442467990http://www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=6442467990


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Passive smoking

assi$e smoking is breathing in en$ironmental tobacco smoke, hich consists of sidestream smoke

directl# from the burning tobacco and ehaled mainstream smoke.

he folloing health problems ha$e been associated ith passi$e smoking"

asthma in children

loer respirator# tract infections

lung cancer

coronar# heart disease.

In this section

/isk factors

cessi$e alcohol consumption

cessi$e sun eposure

3igh blood cholesterol

3igh blood pressure

&mpaired glucose tolerance

0utrition

O$ereight and obesit#

h#sical inacti$it#

Tobacco smoking

/isk factors 8A

/isk factors links

/isk factors statistics

O$ereight : obesit#

; Australian &nstitute of 3ealth and


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Profiles Predict Teen Escalation to Daily Smoking

Date11/30/2012

Researchers affiliated with the University of Illinois at Chicago have identified four distinct profiles thatpredict teen smokers escalation to regular smoking over time. Teens who showed early signs of nicotinedependency even when they hadnt smoked many cigarettes, freuently or for long were more likelyto !e regular smokers four years later, they found.

The four profiles predict risk with a differential pro!a!ility for progression to daily smoking within fouryears, said Robin Mermelstein, director of the Institute for "ealth Research and #olicy, who led theresearch team. $ach profile takes into account smoking freuency and intensity, symptoms of nicotinedependence, and alcohol and other su!stance use. %!ove all, symptoms of nicotine dependencepredicted whether a teen would !e a regular smoker.

&This study points out the importance of looking at signs of nicotine dependency separately fromfreuency or history of smoking,' said (ermelstein, a professor of psychology and clinical professor ofcommunity health sciences. &It is important to look for nicotine dependency even if teens smoke verylightly or infreuently.'

Reporting nicotine dependence at very early stages of smoking even fewer than )** cigarettes in theirlifetimes is a strong predictor of whether teens will !ecome daily smokers in late adolescence, shesaid. In particular, the research team found that teens who felt the need to smoke first thing in the morning

in their earliest stages of smoking were most likely to develop into daily smokers.

(ermelstein said this research helps identify teenagers at risk of !ecoming daily smokers and can lead to!etter interventions for this age group.

+e now have some early signals to help identify who needs early intervention,' (ermelstein said. &$venwhen adolescents are smoking infreuently, they are more at risk for developing more entrenchedsmoking patterns if they report placing a priority on smoking.'

-ne in five teens nationwide smoked at least one cigarette in the previous month, according the Centersfor isease Control and #revention. $ach day in the United /tates, a!out 0,1** youth try their firstcigarette. %!out ),*** of them will !ecome daily smokers.

The researchers tracked 234 teens for four years who, at an initial !aseline assessment, had recentlysmoked, !ut were not daily smokers. (ost of the group 56378 had smoked at least once over the previousthree months !ut had not smoked more than )** cigarettes, or five packs of cigarettes, in their lives. Therest of the group had smoked at least once in the past month and had smoked more than )** cigaretteslifetime. This sample of teens was drawn from a larger longitudinal studyof adolescent smokingpatterns directed !y (ermelstein, which enrolled almost ),0** ninth9 and )*th9graders from )2 Chicago9area high schools.
http://www.ihrp.uic.edu/researcher/robin-j-mermelstein-phdhttp://www.ihrp.uic.edu/study/social-emotional-contexts-adolescent-smoking-patterns-2http://www.ihrp.uic.edu/researcher/robin-j-mermelstein-phdhttp://www.ihrp.uic.edu/study/social-emotional-contexts-adolescent-smoking-patterns-2


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%t the !eginning of the study and at five points over four years, the teens were asked a!out theirfreuency of smoking over the previous month, the num!er of cigarettes they smoked, to what e:tent theye:perienced symptoms of nicotine dependence and other factors, such as alcohol use. /ome of the teenswho smoked socially and did not report a need to smoke in the morning showed little pro!a!ility of!ecoming daily smokers.

(ermelstein and co9author Lisa Dierkerof esleyan University first reportedthat early symptoms ofnicotine dependence predicted regular smoking among teens in the ;ournal of #ediatrics in (ay Directions>Sc(ool of Public -ealt(>,">," P(onebook>/obs>Site Map >-ome

% university9wide multidisciplinary institute administered through the /chool of #u!lic "ealth

Copyright ?


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Epidemiol Community Health 2004;58:!"-!! doi:$0.$$%/&ech.200%.00"'$

Researc( report

Self percei1ed (ealt( and smoking in adolescents

). Cristina Rius$(2,

ico.scs.es

Accepted


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ata were gathered from three similar designed /panish =ational "ealth Interview /urveys representative of the

general non9institutionalised population of /pain that were conducted in )330, )336, and )334 !y the /panish

(inistry of "ealth. e pooled the data to o!tain an adeuate sample sie. The study sample was set up !y


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oys who smoked daily were more freuently users of medication for &cold' symptoms 5-RO).6, 36LCI@ ).* to


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Conflicts of interest@ none declared.

RE*EREN"ES

). A

+ingaas ,o!*en $ ( 3arrett-)onnor 6( 1olmen B( et al.1ealth problems in teenage daily smokers

versus nonsmokers( Corway( $!!'D$!!E: the Cord Frondelag health study.Am JEpidemiol 2000;$'$:$4"D''.G7bstract/HI66 Hull teJtK


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ItQs a fact. Teens get hooked on to!acco every day. They donQtrealie that trying cigarettes can lead to a life long addiction. Theto!acco companies donQt want you to know thatJ they want you tothink smoking is cool. Read on and get the facts for yourself.

Aor a look at what smoking can do to you 5and has already doneto others8, check out the Cham!er of "orrorsor ody !yTo!acco.

-ver 0,*** teens and preteens sucked in daily@ Thestatistics in %nne %rundel County and nationwide

To!acco ruins your looks and your health, and itQs akiller

The !ad news a!out addiction

/pit to!acco@ disgusting and dangerous

hat a!out other kinds of to!acco

ig To!acco money gets spent on getting youhooked

hat %nne %rundel County teens think a!outsmoking

21er 34 teens and preteens are sucked in

daily5

o $very day, appro:imately 0,76* teens in theU./. try their first cigarette. %!out


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o /moking addiction starts at a young age.(ore than 1*L of adult smokers !egansmoking !efore )1 years of age.

0ad for your looks5

o /moking ages your skin faster. ItQs secondonly to sun e:posure for giving you wrinkles.

o Tar, the sticky !rown su!stance in to!accoproducts, stains smokersQ fingers and teeth.

o /moking makes you stinkS our hair, !reathand clothes smell !ad.

0ad for your (ealt(5

o /moking is linked to slowed growth of lungfunction in teens. They cannot run as fast orfar. /mokers suffer from shortness of !reaththree times more than nonsmokers.

o To!acco a!use harms every organ in the!ody. It has !een linked to leukemia,cataracts and pneumonia, and accounts fora!out one9third of all cancer deaths.

o #eople who smoke cigarettes are


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smoking cigarettes. ThatQs a!out 77*,***people a year.

o /moking kills !a!ies. $very year in the U./.,a!out


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cigarettes.o Using spit to!acco stains your teeth and can

make them loose and fall out.

o It also greatly increases your chances ofgetting cancer of the tongue, gums, cheeksand lips. These cancers often reuire surgeryto remove the diseased part. oung peoplehave !ecome disfigured due to thesesurgeries.

7(at about ot(er kinds of tobacco8

o Cigars are not a safe alternative tocigarettes. Regular cigar smoking greatlyincreases your risk for cancers of the lung,mouth, laryn: and esophagus.

o Cigars contain the same addictive, to:ic andcarcinogenic compounds found in cigarettes.In fact, a single large cigar can contain asmuch to!acco as an entire pack of cigarettes.

o Cigarettes using +natural+ to!acco are notsafer than those with processed to!acco.

idis produce three times the amountof car!on mono:ide and nicotine, andmore than five times the amount of tar,

produced !y cigarettes usingprocessed to!acco.

Greteks sometimes referred to asclove cigarettes also contain higherconcentrations of nicotine, tar andcar!on mono:ide and put users atincreased risk of acute lung inMury.

o %lthough many hookah smokers think it isless harmful than smoking cigarettes, waterpipe smoking still delivers the addictive drugnicotine and is at least as to:ic as cigarettesmoking.

o $lectronic cigarettes are not a safealternative. They too deliver nicotine to the!ody which leads to various health issues,including nicotine poisoning and


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cardiovascular disease.

Tobacco sales and marketing to teens is bigbusiness5

o $very year, cigarette companies spend)0.)) !illion on advertising and promotionale:penses. This is eual to 02 million perdayS

o To!acco companies intensely market toteens. hy To find replacement smokers forthose who die or uit.

o oung people in the United /tates watch anaverage of three movies a week, whichcontain an average of five smoking episodeseach, adding up to a!out )6 e:posures tosmoking a week. oung people may !ee:posed to more smoking in movies than inreal life.

o $ach year to!acco companies spend )11.1million trying to attract new young smokers in(aryland.

o The average pack9a9day smoker pays 2 perpack, adding up to


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deathS

http://www.smokingstinks-aaco.org/fastfacts.htm


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Health effects of smoking among young people

7mong young people( the short-term health conseOuences of smoking includerespiratory and non respiratory ePects( addiction to nicotine( and the associated risk of otherdrug use. ong-term health conseOuences of youth smoking are reinforced by the fact thatmost young people who smoke regularly continue to smoke throughout adulthood.$)igarette smokers have a lower level of lung function than those persons who have neversmoked.$ 5moking reduces the rate of lung growth.$

,n adults( cigarette smoking causes heart disease and stroke. 5tudies have shownthat early signs of these diseases can be found in adolescents who smoke.$

5moking hurts young peopleQs physical tness in terms of both performance andenduranceReven among young people trained in competitive running.$ n average(someone who smokes a pack or more of cigarettes each day lives E years less than someonewho never smoked.2

Fhe resting heart rates of young adult smokers are two to three beats per minute

faster than nonsmokers.$

5moking at an early age increases the risk of lung cancer. Hor most smoking-relatedcancers( the risk rises as the individual continues to smoke.$

Feenage smokers suPer from shortness of breath almost three times as often asteens who donQt smoke( and produce phlegm more than twice as often as teens who donQtsmoke.%

Feenage smokers are more likely to have seen a doctor or other health professionalsfor an emotional or psychological complaint.%

Feens who smoke are three times more likely than nonsmokers to use alcohol( eight

times more likely to use mari&uana( and 22 times more likely to use cocaine. 5moking isassociated with a host of other risky behaviors( such as ghting and engaging in unprotectedseJ.$

References

$.))( *reventing Fobacco +se 7mong Soung *eopleR7 Ieport of the 5urgeon Teneral(

$!!4

2. ew 67( Tarnkel . iPerences in ortality and ongevity by 5eJ( 5moking 1abits and

1ealth 5tatus( 5ociety of 7ctuaries Fransactions( $!"E.

%. 7B1*( 7rday I( Tiovino T7( 5chulman B( Celson 6( owery *( 5amet B( et al. )igarette

smoking and self-reported health problems among +.5. high school seniors( $!"2-$!"!( p.$$$-$$.


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Smoking has become very common and fashionable, especially among young boys. This habit usually

begins at school when boys try to experiment with every new thing that they can lay their hands on.

Despite the warnings given by doctors about the ill-effects of smoking, people continue to smoke.

Smokers are addicted to it, and even if they want to, they cannot refrain from picking up a cigar or

cigarette and puffing away. Some youngsters smoke for the sake of society and some feel that would

make them appear liberated and broadminded.

In the beginning, a teenager may take a few puffs from his friends cigarette! then comes a time when

it becomes an indispensable part of his life. Several puffs lead to the formation of a habit. Soon

smoking begins to affect the health of the smoker. "e becomes a chain-smoker. This smoke is toxic

and the nicotine in the cigarette is known to cause cancer. It is ironic that despite the fact that every

smoker is aware of the ill effects of smoking, he does not give it up.

Tobacco companies are doing very well all over the world. #very packet of cigars or cigarettes has a

warning inscribed in it$ cigarette smoking is in%urious to health.& 'et the smoker never reads this

warning and even if he reads it he never pays heed to it.

The government raises the price of tobacco every year. This is usually done to discourage people from

smoking. 'et smokers continue to be slaves of this habit and often spend a substantial part of their

earnings on cigarettes. (igarette advertisements lure people into smoking and most active smokers

cause a great deal of harm to passive smokers as well. Smokers force the members of their family tobear the ill effects of the smoke that they exhale. Smoking can be stopped by a strong will power and

every person has the capacity to give it up once he sets his mind at doing so.


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"ey do you think smoking is cool ell if you do then you will regretit later !ecause not only will you possi!ly die !ut along with that youwon t !e very pretty. =ow today a lot of girls and !oys in their teenssmoke now you may think so what !ut 6,*** are under )1 and thatmeans they could !e )< or going to the e:treme 3. =ow you don t

have to have a cigarette in your hand to !e smoking, if your parentssmoke you get second hand smoke which is technically the samething !ecause you are still inhaling smoke actually even more. /onow that you know a little of how smoking then here is a lot more.

hat I meant !y if you start smoking then you won t !e very pretty is

not if you smoke for one day it s if you smoke for )* to 02 years. oyou think that ;ulie %ndrews got her wrinkles for smoking =-/"$ I= TSSSSSS "er wrinkles came from age and wrinkles from

smoking are a !ig difference. ecause wrinkles from age are wellfrom age, !ut wrinkles from smoking are !ecause the to!acco settlesin your sink. Think of it this way your thirty and you wrinkles %HH over

that would !e !ecause you smoke. -r may!e your 26 or 46 thenyour wrinkles are ok.

/o another thing that happens to you is your nails and toe nails willturn yellow. =ow you may know that your finger nails turn yellow

!ecause of the cigarette !eing near them, !ut what you pro!a!ly dont know is that your toe nails turn yellow !ecause not all of the

to!acco gets out of your nose and your mouth. ut not all of it comesout so it gets inside you and gets out through your toe nails. Drows

huhSSS

/o as you can see smoking is !ad for you, your health and yourappearance. %nd this is Must some things that can happen. /o if youwant to !e on o:ygen or have tracheal tu!e for the rest of your life

then that s your choice !ut for the people that want to stop smokingdo something !efore it s to late. /moking kills.

obacco smoking

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