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O F F I C I A L J O U R N A L O F T H E I N S T I T U T E O F Q U A N T I T Y S U R V E Y O R S O F K E N Y A

PROMOTING THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE PRACTICE OF THE QUANTITY SURVEYING PROFESSION

APR - JUN 2018 | VOLUME 22 • ISSUE 002 | KSHS. 500/=WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG

Beyond Reinforced

Concrete: Superior

Structures With Post-Tensioned

Concrete

Managing the “Heart” of a Firm

The IQSK Joint Students’ Council

Qs Andrew Mandere’s Parting Shot

2018 IQSK Annual Golf Tournament

For more information and reservations kindly contact the Event Organizer,Advance Public Relations & Marketing: Nisha Van Hoek /Gladys GathuTel: 0721 608 670/ 0733 601 061/ 0713 427 257Email: [email protected] •[email protected]/[email protected]

Fri 03.082018

Karen Golf ClubCharges

Ksh.3,000 Time:

full day

Contests, prizes

& cocktail

1. Overall Winner2. Runner up3. Third Runner up4. Fourth Runner up5. Best Quantity Surveyor6. Best Senior Quantity

Surveyor7. 1st Nine8. 2nd Nine9. Best Lady10. Longest Drive Men11. Longest Drive Women12. Nearest to the pin Men13. Nearest to the pin Women14. Best Effort/ Piga Mingi

categories of prizes

Venue

UG NDAAB TIAA

UG NDAAB TIAA

SUPERIOR QUALITY SINCE 1964

MABATI ROLLING MILLSMRM

ALAF

SAFALSTEEL

UGANDABAATI

LAXMANBHAIC O N S T R U C T I O N LT D .

B U I L D I N G & G E N E R A L C O N T R A C T O R S

sponsors

C - 0M - 0Y - 100K - 0

C - 100M - 80Y - 0K - 0

C - 0M - 100Y - 100K - 0

Pantone Blue 072C Pantone 179C Pantone Cool Gray 7 C

rookie session

Ksh.2,0004-5pm

APR - JUN 2018 3

THE QUANTITY SURVEYOR

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p.26

p.9

p.12

CONTENTSREGULARS

FEATURES & STORIES

Editorial 4

Chairman’s Report 6

Interesting Construction Facts 8

Pictorial 20

Current Construction Cost in Kenya 28

Current Construction Costs Per Area in Kenya 36

Members in Good Standing 38

Directory of Consulting Quantity Surveying Firms 41

The Land Surveyor’s Lens:The Suswa Fault Line Incident can be Better Studied by GNSS Technology 9

Opinion:When It Caves 10

Management:Managing The “Heart” of a Firm 12

World of Engineering:Beyond Reinforced Concrete: Superior Structures with Post-Tensioned Concrete

14

Opinion:Essential Skills of the Future Quantity Surveyor 17

Student Corner:The IQSK Joint Students’ Council 18

Student Corner:Challenges of the Future 19

The History of Construction in Kenya:The Rise of the National Construction Corporation (NCC) 26

COVER IMAGE

2018 IQSK Annual Golf Tournament

For more information and reservations kindly contact the Event Organizer,Advance Public Relations & Marketing: Nisha Van Hoek /Gladys GathuTel: 0721 608 670/ 0733 601 061/ 0713 427 257Email: [email protected] •[email protected]/[email protected]

Fri 03.082018

Karen Golf ClubCharges

Ksh.3,000 Time:

full day

Contests, prizes

& cocktail

1. Overall Winner2. Runner up3. Third Runner up4. Fourth Runner up5. Best Quantity Surveyor6. Best Senior Quantity

Surveyor7. 1st Nine8. 2nd Nine9. Best Lady10. Longest Drive Men11. Longest Drive Women12. Nearest to the pin Men13. Nearest to the pin Women14. Best Effort/ Piga Mingi

categories of prizes

Venue

UG NDAAB TIAA

UG NDAAB TIAA

SUPERIOR QUALITY SINCE 1964

MABATI ROLLING MILLSMRM

ALAF

SAFALSTEEL

UGANDABAATI

LAXMANBHAIC O N S T R U C T I O N LT D .

B U I L D I N G & G E N E R A L C O N T R A C T O R S

sponsors

C - 0M - 0Y - 100K - 0

C - 100M - 80Y - 0K - 0

C - 0M - 100Y - 100K - 0

Pantone Blue 072C Pantone 179C Pantone Cool Gray 7 C

rookie session

Ksh.2,0004-5pm

The Microsoft Auditorium - Strathmore Law School

4 APR - JUN 2018


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EDITORQs. Sylvester Oluoch

ASSISTANT EDITORQs. Portia Ajayo

DESIGN AND LAYOUTEric Ng’ang’a

EDITORIAL COMMITTEEQs. Sylvester OluochQs. Portia AjayoQs. Jasan WanyoikeDr. Qs. Njeri Wachira-ToweyQs. Mutinda MutukuAsst. Qs. David DerrickGeorge GitauErnest NyakundiJemimah Kaluvi

IQSK EXECUTIVE COMMITTEEQs. Peter S. Kariuki ChairmanQs. James Munene Vice ChairmanQs. Mutinda Mutuku Hon. SecretaryQs. Andrew Mbuku Hon. TreasurerQs. Jennifer Musyimi Hon. RegistrarQs. Joel Gichimu Ass. Hon. SecretaryQs. Andrew Mandere Immediate Past ChairmanCOUNCIL MEMBERSQS. Gladys Wahome Qs. Sylvester OluochQs. Jordan RabachQs. Adeline DindiQs. Kennedy Mwendwa

IQSK SECRETARIATFaith Murigu Executive OfficerLydiah Chege Finance & Admin OfficerVictorine Chasia Administrative AssistantKadiri Atsenga Office Assistant & Driver

The Quantity Surveyor, the official journal of the Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya (IQSK), is published quarterly by IQSK located at Blue Violets Plaza, office 106 along the Kindaruma Road/Kamburu Drive junction. P. O. Box 13929-00800, Nairobi, Kenya

TO ADVERTISE CONTACT;Mobile: 0721-676823 / 0786-676824Email: [email protected] [email protected]: www.iqskenya.org

DISCLAIMERAll correspondence to the editor is assumed to be intended for publication. The Quantity Surveyor admits no liability for unsolicited articles or pictures, which must be accompanied by a self addressed stamped envelope. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this journal, the authors, publishers and editors accept no responsibility for any loss, financial or otherwise, sustained by any person using this information. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval systems or transmitted in any form or any means without prior written permission of IQSK. All rights reserved.

THE TEAM

EDITORIAL

PROMOTING THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE PRACTICE OF THE QUANTITY SURVEYING PROFESSION

As we present the second issue of our Journal this year, we unveil the newly elected members of the

IQSK Council who will serve the Institute for the next two years, led by QS. Peter Kariuki. We sincerely thank the out-going Council, which was ably headed by QS. Andrew Mandere, for their selfless service in steering the Institute to greater heights. The Editorial desk congratulates the new Council and look forward to realizing even greater achievements as an Institute, under their leadership. In QS. Mandere’s parting shot, you will notice the strides we have made over the years as an Institute. None of these would have been achieved without your support. For this we are very grateful.

We have prepared a selection of insightful articles including one on the use of technology to prevent, mitigate and solve modern-day issues in construction. The article focuses on the widening of the Suswa fault line, and how technology could have been applied to prevent and/or manage the disaster. In an era where considerable strides have been made in technological advancement, it is only prudent to use the same to improve the quality of life. This article highlights one way in which we could begin doing this.

In view of the recent collapse of yet another building, it is evident that the issue is yet to be conclusively resolved. We revisit this pending issue of collapsing buildings in the country, highlighting the roles and responsibilities of the different parties involved in the construction process. It is high time we all took up our responsibilities and did away with the common practice of passing the buck which leaves issues unresolved and results in continued destruction of property and loss of life. Our regular articles from the World of Engineering, the History of Construction in Kenya, and others have also been included in this Issue.

There is a palpable positive vibe in the economic atmosphere, with the economy set to improve now that the long-awaited budget has been unveiled and with it, the resources set aside for the ‘Big Four’ agenda. It is our sincere hope that this indicative plan will provide the necessary momentum for the steady growth of the economy and no doubt, of the construction industry as well.

Enjoy the read!

Portia AjayoAssistant Editor

TOWARDS GREATER GROWTH

Meeting with one of the founding members Qs. Hazron Maira based in the U.K. who paid a courtesy call to the Secretariat with some of the current Council members.

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6 APR - JUN 2018


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CHAIRMAN’S REPORT

OPENING A NEW CHAPTER AT THE IQSK

At the 23rd Annual General Meeting held at the Sarova Hotel on 24th May, 2018 the Institute of Quantity surveyors of Kenya (IQSK) Members elected a twelve [12]

member Council to lead the Institute for the next two years. I was elected the Chairman of the 1400 Member strong Institute for this period. For this honor, I wish to thank all our members and promise that my Council will do all that is within its power to take the Institute to the next level.

The Institute would not have been where it is without the wise and bold leadership of our founding fathers who founded it twenty four years ago, and the succeeding leadership up to, and including, the immediate past council led by QS. Andrew Mandere. We salute you for steering this ship selflessly thus far. We are going to build on the infrastructure you have laid for us.

My Council is taking the Captainship at a time when there is a raging debate on the Big four National Legacy pillars for the Jubilee Government led by His Excellency Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta. This are: Universal Health care, Food Security, Manufacturing and Affordable Housing. We at IQSK are alive to the fact that this can never be realized without the input of the Construction Industry. For this reason the IQSK fully supports the Government’s initiatives and is ready and willing to support the Government and to share ideas when called upon towards the realization of these goals. All the Four [4] pillars must be housed somewhere but probably affordable housing is what will rattle all the players in the construction Industry.

On technology, Expanded Polystyrene System (EPS) panels seems to be the system favored to deliver the housing pillar. This is on account of speed and environmental considerations. However, other local material e.g. stabilized soil blocks, which could also fit the bill seem to have been relegated to the side for now. Other considerations would be culture preservation using design and materials available at the county levels. There is, therefore, space for more exploration in this area.

The Budget was finally delivered at Parliament by the Cabinet Secretary for Treasury, Henry Rotich, on 15th June 2018. Again, the Budget is seen as complimentary to the Big Four Agenda as stated by his Excellency, the President. In this Budget, approximately 400 billion Shillings was set aside for the four sectors. Other stimulus actions have also been built into the Budget. These include: reducing the Corporate Tax to 13 % for providing 100 units per annum, down from 400 Units, Government Security to external Financing companies, Final Product Uptake Guarantee and, finally, partnership and provision

of land. This is, therefore, a wakeup call for all of us in the industry to see how we fit in all these.

Just like the government has done my Council has laid out Four pillars on which to pursue its legacy for the next two years. These are mainly i) Empowering our customers (members); ii) Capacity building of the people who serve our customers; iii) Systems and processes through which our customers are served; and iv) financial freedom. This Council has recognized that the reason for its being is the membership of the institute, whom we shall take as our customers in the organization.

Our focus will be heavy on training and creation of an environment rich of opportunities for our members. The government’s four pillars provide such an opportunity. We shall, therefore, be seeking opportunities to engage the government and explore ways in which the local practitioners can be brought on board in its undertakings. Some of the proposals include having national competitions which will give everyone an equal opportunity to participate in providing an affordable housing solution. The other idea could be to give it the Economic Stimulus approach where it is broken into smaller units that are consumable locally. This will ensure that there is a trickledown effect to all corners of the economy and, most importantly, that these resources will be re-invested back into the local economy. The industry has the capacity to accommodate both local and international partners. There should, therefore, be enough for all. However, a clear demarcation needs to be set for the requirements, between what must be sourced locally and what needs to be imported.

We have also realized that a skilled, happy person serving customers will translate into happy customers. We will, therefore, be building better capacity and training on areas that we find we are deficient in at the Secretariat. Systems and Processes form the third pillar which we are geared to focus on. This will ensure that information is well stored and transmitted swiftly and accurately. Finally we believe that our fourth Pillar, which is the financial freedom, will be achieved from a happy and satisfied customer who is enthusiastic of programs lined up for him. He will not only be ready to pay for them but pay in a timely manner.

My Council and I will be engaging with the membership of our Institute as we believe that it is in working together that we shall realize our objectives

Peter KariukiIQSK, Chairman

The New Council Members (2018-2020) with the Scrutineers, Prof. QS Hezekiah Gichunge and QS Festus Litiku

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR SUPPORT

I joined the IQSK Council in the year 2010 as a Council Member without knowing what was awaiting me. Once inside, I came face-to-face with the reality of several issues that

I previously did not know existed or which I had never taken time to understand. These realities included the lack of funds to run the Institute leading to low wages for the Secretariat’s staff, poor office accommodation for the Institute (the Institute was operating from a one-roomed DSQ leased from one of our Senior Quantity Surveyors). The rent was minimal but the Institute was hardly able to meet its obligations. There were hardly any Policies guiding the Council on how to run the Institute. The staff at the Secretariat were only three.

The Council of 2010-2012 embarked on developing policies and structures at the Institute, the most important of which was the IQSK financial policy that greatly improved the financial management of the Institute. It also developed the first Strategic Plan 2011-2016 for the Institute which laid the foundation of growth for the Institute in a structured manner. Some of the major pillars of this first Strategic Plan included growth of membership and growth of the financial base of the Institute. Subsequent Councils have built on that Strategic Plan and have continued to guide the Institute to greater growth and development to a well-structured professional association that is gradually headed to a world-class status in the not distant future.

The annual budget of the Institute in 2010 was about Kenyan Shillings three million. Currently it is in the region of Kenya Shillings eighteen million. Membership in 2010 was less than four hundred as compared to over one thousand two hundred currently.

From the abode at a DSQ in 2010, the Institute now prides itself as the owner of its own office bought through the goodwill of the members and strategic partners with the leadership of the IQSK Councils. The Institute’s profile has grown over the years and now it is well positioned to be heard and listened to by not only those in the industry but also by the Governmental bodies.

On the welfare of members the Institute has since put in place a medical insurance scheme for members, their staff and/or family and also launched a benevolent fund. In addition the Institute has continued to hold the Continuous Professional Development of members through conducting fairly priced Seminars.

I would like to give credit to all our members and all the various Council Members who have over time worked selflessly to make our dream come true. For all the honour and support accorded to me by our members to serve in the Council and later as your Chairman I salute you. Through serving in the

IQSK Council I have learnt many things especially to do with governance, leadership and people skills. I believe the gains in these areas are worth more than personal sacrifices that go with serving. For this reason I shall forever be greatly indebted to all our members. I wish to assure the Quantity Surveying fraternity that I served with a singular mindedness of ensuring a great and respectable Institute of integrity that will outlive all of us.

However, if I erred in any way or offended any member in the course of my stay at the IQSK Council I would like to assure everyone that it was inadvertent. I leave the helm of IQSK a proud Quantity Surveyor. I am confident that the new leadership that you elected into office in May this year will take IQSK to even higher levels. It has a good mix of old hands with experience, digital age members and a good balance of both genders. I wish them every success in achieving the goals and objectives of the Institute as per the Strategic Plan, 2018-2023

Long live IQSK and God bless our new Council.

QS Andrew Mandere is the Immediate Past Chairman of the Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya. He served as the Chairman of the Institute from 2014 – 2018.

PARTING SHOT

“I wish to assure the Quantity Surveying fraternity that I served with a singular mindedness of ensuring a great and respectable Institute of integrity that will outlive all of us.”

8 APR - JUN 2018


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MATERIALS THAT WILL TRANSFORM CONSTRUCTION IN THE FUTUREBy Jasan Wanyoike

INTERESTING CONSTRUCTION FACTS

All construction is prone to defects, some defects are latent while some are more manifest (patent

defects). The sight of a leaning tower, slanted columns, glaring cracks, odd colours and other tell-tale signs indicate the presence of defects, sometimes even to the untrained eye. Engineers and Architects have technical references for looking out for defects and sometimes include expensive tests such as hammer tests, infra-red, sonar tests etc. to establish the presence of defects. Defects are caused by bad design, poor workmanship and defective materials. The best way to deal with them is to prevent their occurrence.

In this article, we look at some simple ways that can be used by both experts and unskilled persons to identify common defects in construction.

LumberWarped, curved or misshapen timber is a straight giveaway for defects. Unseasoned

timber poses quite a challenge. To check for well-seasoned timber (tantalised timber), check the cross section of the wood, because the seasoning changes the colour of the grain. Well done pressure impregnation should produce a consistent shade to the inner parts. For Creosote and copper preservatives, the shade on surfaces has to be consistent on all exposed faces of the timber to indicate solvent dipping rather than paint brushing.

Concrete and masonryConcrete materials must be checked before batching. The sand must be checked for silt, the ballast must be free of foreign materials and water must be potable water. Once the mixing has been done, a simple slump test will tell if the mix is adequate. For reinforced concrete, tests are usually commissioned for strength characteristics. However, any exposed reinforcement is a defect. Flaking or falling off mortar with hand touch should be a matter of concern.

Honeycombing is definitely another clear defect. Such defects may be harbingers of large scale defects when they are ubiquitous. Check that the stones do not fragment easily. Exposed stonework/concrete work must be not exposed to stagnant water or leaks – this will show up as efflorescence once it dries out.

Steel and aluminiumSteel is mostly tested at the materials stage and few defects can be attributed to workmanship. All steel must be properly primed before fixing. Check for the weld characteristics, inconsistent welds with holes are a problem. Weld must for be for entire joints and must follow specifications. Check that all bolts and screws are consistent and none are missing. Importantly, confirm using callipers the dimensions of the sections. Rusty steel is another warning sign. For aluminium, ensure that it is powder-coated and not spray-painted. Powder coat is thicker, harder to scratch and rarely peels with the fingernail scratch. Spray paint will not be consistent on aluminium and will easily scratch. Any bubbling on paint indicates a problem. Anodised aluminium coat should not come off. Good grade stainless steel must not rust, check for pitting corrosion on any stainless steel item including fixing screws.

Water ingressMost water leakage problems can be traced to poor workmanship, cracks, or improper mixes. Missing water bars on window sills, improperly constructed or missing flashings will most likely also lead to defects. Damp proof membrane must be consistently laid and of appropriate thickness. Unfortunately, water ingress defects are only detected latently and the best way is to supervise the workmanship and obtain guarantees for specialised work.

When defects have been suspected, it is then best to consult an expert and carry more tests to ascertain the extent and remedies available

The writer is a practising Quantity Surveyor and Project Manager at E-Scan Projects Ltd.

The Leaning Tower of Pisa - Italy

APR - JUN 2018 9


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THE SUSWA FAULT LINE INCIDENT CAN BE BETTER STUDIED BY GNSS TECHNOLOGY

THE LAND SURVEYOR’S LENS

By Derrick Koome

In March 2018, Kenyans witnessed an interesting phenomenon: A section of the Mai Mahiu – Narok Road was

rendered impassable after it split following heavy rains that led to flooding. In true Kenyan fashion, fears were propagated in tabloids and social media that the country was splitting into two.

Geologists were quick to respond and allay fears of a split. The explanation given was that deep seated volcanic ash from the surrounding volcanic Mt. Longonot area had been washed away leaving a four meter by six meter deep gulley. The gulley extended up to 3 kilometers.

There was a subtle chest-thumping by the geologists who claimed that the road was built without their consultation. Had they been involved during the feasibility phase, they would have advised against building the road under deep underground fault lines.

Despite the conclusion that splitting of the country was not possible in a short span of time, one geologist alluded to the need for an investment in research in the affected areas. If, indeed, the country was splitting, it would occur at a rate of 1mm in a period of a million years or so, a claim was made.

In my opinion, the best way to be sure of these claims would be to do actual measurements using a technology known as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). This would involve installing Continuously Operating Reference Systems (CORS) stations, not only in the affected area, but across the country hence forming a nationwide CORS network.

These stations continuously log GNSS observables and are able to detect even the slightest movements of tectonic plates or other underground movements.

Since the Suswa fault was caused by heavy rains flooding out deposits of volcanic ash, a CORS network can also be used to model the atmosphere (troposphere and ionosphere) over Kenya contributing to atmospheric studies and more accurate weather predictions.

Currently, according to CORSMAP (www.corsmap.com), there are only four publicly known CORS in the country. Three are run by institutions and one by an individual. Kenya Power, the country’s sole power distributor, is said to have 19 CORS stations distributed across towns in Kenya. However this investment is for the company’s own private use and little is known about it. I think they might be irked by the fact that I have this information.

Since Kenya has not experienced natural disasters by way of earthquakes of 7.0 Richter Scale, there has been little concern about the need to study the country’s seismic activity. Countries like Japan that experience such kind of disasters more often are so advanced in their CORS network that studies resulting from those installations can adequately predict the next earthquake.

Another application of a CORS network would be to standardize the geodetic framework of the continent. This is French for “standardizing the unit of measurement” used by surveyors and other professionals when carrying out GNSS measurements. Imagine a QS who, in every country they get work, has to use a different standard of measurement say feet, inches, millimeters etc. This means they constantly have to convert to a unit they are most familiar with to get a sense of what they’re looking at.

If all countries in Africa had a

network of CORS stations, it would be easier to have a unified Geodetic Reference Frame. However, there is work in progress in this stead. Africa under the auspices of an initiative called AFREF (African Geodetic Reference Frame) is trying to push for installation of this key infrastructure in all the African countries. How the countries are responding to this call is a topic for another day.

From the Suswa fault line incident, it is now becoming evident that the clamor to have CORS installations across the country is not an item agenda for surveyors only but for geologists and meteorologists as well.

One of the victims of the fault line, which extends three kilometers, spoke of how his house started splitting when they were enjoying dinner in the evening. They immediately scampered for safety and with assistance from neighbors managed to save their belongings. Unfortunately, they could not save the house which was subsequently ‘swallowed’ by the unfolding fault line.

To prepare better for these kind of incidents, let’s see how we can kick-start the conversation to install a comprehensive CORS network for our country. Should workshops be conducted to help us better understand this technology? Mind you, professionals and experts in this area are not lacking. If all universities and research institutions had one such installation each, we would have covered good ground already

Author’s NoteBy sharing a platform with writers better than myself, I do not claim to be an expert of anything. I am only guilty of having the courage to write of what little I know about. Help me to write better by sharing your thoughts of what you think of the articles or by suggesting topics that you think a land surveyor could provide a perspective to a QS. My e-mail address is [email protected]. Thanks and keep well!

The writer is a Survey Engineering Consultant based in Nairobi. For more information about him, visit his LinkedIn profile using the link https://ke.linkedin.com/in/derrick-koome-352b9978

10 APR - JUN 2018


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WHEN IT CAVES

OPINION

By Lynda Caroline

Another one bites the dust. And along with it, the adjacent residential flat. Not that we are

counting, but a crevice forms within our experts-in-construction village. And we can feel it, like an angina pectoris attack. This particular one happened on 02/06/2018 in Huruma Estate, a crowded middle class residential estate in Nairobi. Government Inspectors had already raised the red flag to this flat but some of the tenants threw all caution to the wind and gave it the green signal. Haven’t they been living and sleeping in it anyway? Unfortunately for the select few hard on the ears tenants, the structure’s headwinds caught up with them and seconded the Government Inspector’s adage; to be forewarned is to be forearmed.

During the last few intervening years, there has been an almost consistent picture in which a building collapses within the country. The rate at which the number is rising is alarming and it seems the country hit a tangent only best known to Mother Nature. Fortunately, the President H.E Uhuru Kenyatta commissioned a compulsory structural audit for all buildings within Nairobi County when

the situation trajectory of the increase in number of structural failures crossed his line of sight. Shockingly, only 42% of the buildings received a positive nod and were declared safe and sound. That begs the question: Are we headed to see more buildings settling and what could be the root cause? This article intends to shed light on the causes of collapse of high-rise buildings and answer whether they are built to last.

A high-rise building has a skeletal structure referred to as the Reinforced Concrete Frame. It comprises of suspended slabs (floors), columns and beams. The Reinforced Concrete Frame is composite in nature in that it entails concrete and reinforcement bars. Concrete is a mixture which is weak in tension and strong in compression. Concrete comprises of cement, fine aggregate (sand) and coarse aggregate (ballast) which are carefully mixed in appropriate portions using water

as the solution to form a thick paste - in layman’s terms – which is then poured onto reinforcement bars. Reinforcement bars (steel) are meant to carry the tension forces within concrete; which hinders concrete from warping and sagging when poured onto formwork. This means that the reinforcement has to be carefully chosen by a structural engineer so that the re-bars can bear the concrete without giving in.

For every class of concrete, there is a reinforcement bar to it. In this view one of the major reasons to collapse is poor structural design/ errors in design computation from the structural engineer. While on this, developers find it costly to pay consultancy fees to professionals in the construction industry. This leads to them sourcing quack professionals who barely take into consideration structural design parameters. With time, the high-rise building will cave in

“Some contractors completely choose to ignore instructions from the Structural Engineer and design from the structural drawing.”

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OPINION

solely based on structural design. Some contractors completely choose to ignore instructions from the Structural Engineer and design from the structural drawing. The ignorance leads to construction of a drawing which was originally not on plan. Failure to observe and follow details on plan will lead to the eventual collapse of the building.

Naturally, concrete is known to get stronger over a period of time. Materials that go into the preparation of concrete have a specific standard that should be met. Unfortunately, the suppliers provide substandard/counterfeit materials within the market –to ignorant developers-; at a cheaper rate, which cannot hold together over a period of time. This leads to the reinforced concrete frame becoming weak as the materials wear off over a period of time.

Developers often look at a construction project from the angle of making profits. Therefore, due to the impatience of following the tried and tested patience of construction, they rush the contractor into completing the works. The contractor fails to carry out critical activities such as geotechnical investigation before proceeding with construction. Since the

building will not settle while it is a storey up, the results for failure of geotechnical investigation will show at higher floor levels. The building will start settling and cracks will form along the joints which eventually will lead to the collapse of the structure. Whilst on the gear of rushing the contractor to complete the works, the contractor will not put into practise curing time for concrete. As the structure rises, the preceding suspended floors will not withstand the loading subjected to them from upper floors. Eventually, the slabs will collapse and the entire structure gradually.

In a bid to make more money, the developers do not follow regulations set aside by the local authority in terms of zoning. Certain geographical locations are meant to have specific structures put up. Bypassing this regulation will impose the ground to overloading which will lead to the eventual collapse of a building. Some developers fail to follow the plan that has been approved by the local authority and go ahead to construct more number of floors. This leads to overloading the structure which leads to its eventual collapse. Moreover, government officials give leeway to some developers once their

hands are greased and this causes them to turn a blind eye to the inefficiencies of the ongoing works.

Some structures are doomed to fail as a result of poor workmanship. The labourers on site are untrained, unskilled and commit little or no time to learn. Construction technology has changed over time. Unfortunately for the labourers, they cannot put up with the changes and therefore cave as the building caves; leaving most decisions to past experiences. To the natural eye, the structure will just be out of plumb. To the design team, the structure will be an accident waiting to happen.

Communication breakdown from the design team to the executing team on ground could lead to the case of labourers hearing one thing and executing a different thing altogether. Eventually during the weekly site meeting, eye stares will be exchanged when it turns out that the construction taking place is totally different. With the rush decision of not losing the money already spent on the works, the contractor will give himself a go-ahead; whose results will be seen eventually.

One cannot rule out the possibility of a building collapsing due to it exceeding its design life when mitigation measures are not taken to sustain it longer.

Lastly, natural calamities such as landslides; heavy rains which lead to liquidation of soil could also lead to the collapse of a building. Buildings are constructed on Mother Nature herself, in her soil. And when she groans, she tears buildings apart.

The collapse of a building is a scar that that particular site will have to bear for a very long time. One publisher once wrote that the mistakes of an engineer can be seen while those of a doctor can be felt. It is upon us within the construction industry to strive to build to last

The writer is a Graduate Quantity Surveyor working in Nairobi.

“Eventually during the weekly site meeting, eye stares will be exchanged when it turns out that the construction taking place is totally different.”

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MANAGEMENT

By Seraphine Okemwa

In the first part of this write-up in the previous journal, we looked at 7 out of the 14 Principles of Management

developed by Henry Fayol. In this current journal Issue, we look at the remaining 7 principles and how they apply in a typical QS firm:

1. Centralisation or decentralization:Whereas centralization seeks to achieve absolute authority at the top level, decentralization seeks to increase the role of the subordinate in the firm’s decision making. Of course, depending on the size of the firm either would be commendable. In an efficient system, both should have an arena depending on what decision is to be made. Where a firm is running under absolute centralization or absolute decentralization, chances are high that it may be difficult to come up with objective decisions. Whereas the former may be deemed as autocracy when taken to the extreme, the other may lead to anarchy.

Centralization or decentralization ought to be implied in a firm’s organization culture, so that employees clearly know the demarcation between the decisions they can make on behalf of the firm and those that management purely reserves the right to make, to avoid wrongful acts.

2. Scalar chain:This refers to the number of levels on the hierarchy from ultimate authority to the lowest level. Given that most firms have relatively few employees, the hierarchy at most would have two levels before one consults the ultimate authority. It is

however noteworthy that the longer this chain is, the slower will be the process of decision making and positive change (where needful). This does not pose as a principle challenging to keep in most firms by the virtue of the fact that most quantity surveying firms are small.

3. Order:This principle seek to address both social and material order. Whereas social order ensures that the firm gets the most suitable person for the specific job, material order ensures safe, appropriate and specific use and placement of resources minimizing risk of waste and loss. To achieve material order, a firm should have systems and procedures in place for use and management of these resources and train staff on their use and significance. Social order is achieved through the management process of organization and selection. A firm should ensure that for any job, it should seek to secure the most suitable person during staffing and

PART TWO

MANAGING THE “HEART” OF A FIRM

“Social order is achieved through the management process of organization and selection.”

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selection.

4. Equity:In the operations of a firm, the requisite balance of kindness, fairness and justice must be achieved. Employees must be treated equitably and with kindness if they would be required to render loyalty to their work. There should be impartiality and indiscrimination regardless of age, sex, religion and relation.

It is however important to acknowledge that at times employees may require some level of “force and harshness… for the sake of equity” as Fayol would put it. The level of devotion and commitment varies in a normal situation from employee to the next. Where due diligence is wanting, and all necessary provisions have been made to ensure successful execution of mandate, employers may feel obliged to prevail over such employees in order to realize the required or expected level of performance. This however must be done within the provisions and the spirit of the employment contract, code of ethics and other applicable standards and laws set to protect employees.

5. Stability of tenure:This refers to the period of service in any job. Fayol notes that it is not a positive aspect that employees move frequently from one job to another. Similarly, he acknowledges that job security is a high motivator to employees. A high rate of employee turnover in a firm tells against any firm and its reputation as well. Any person will feel safe to know that they are part of a team with members who have worked with the firm for a considerable period of time. They feel less threatened as they serve and will always hope for a better future, when at the onset things are not favourable. This is motivated by the fact that their fellow employees who started off just the same way and went through the phases of the learning

curve, are still serving the firm. Hence, they are well motivated to pledge their loyalty, increasing their productivity and benefiting the firm.

6. Initiative:This principle acknowledges that the management should provide opportunity to its employees to suggest ideas, experiences and new method of work. Today, this has been defined as “intrapreneurship”. This practise of management communicates that the employer trusts the employees and values their opinions as well. While it helps develop confidence and loyalty within the employees, if the initiative is innovative and beneficial, it leads to the augmentation of a firm’s profit, as compared to if innovation was not allowed. However, to sustain energy and zeal of the ambitious, innovative employee, the firm

should encourage them through money or non – money incentives.

7. Esprit de Corps:This refers to team spirit, as would typically be expressed by members of a work group, inspiring them to work harder hence delivering more. To instil team spirit, Fayol advocates that employers should guard against instituting competing teams as this may work adversity and hence decrease their motivation to work in the long run, especially on the side of the “losing team”. To enhance team spirit, employees should be encouraged to develop reasonable informal relationships amongst themselves. They should be motivated through team building activities and events and above all, they should be rewarded for good performance. Those who do not achieve expected performance, should as well be given a chance to improve by being allocated duties and being empowered through trainings, a way of motivating them to still participate in their respective teams.

To effectively manage people, who at the beginning we identified as the heart of the organization all these principles should be upheld. For when employees are not managed appropriately, then performance is affected, affecting the general performance of the firm. This then makes us to correctly conclude that the heart of the problem is the problem of the heart

The writer is an Assistant Quantity Surveyor at Masterbill Integrated Projects Ltd.

MANAGEMENT

“To enhance team spirit, employees should be encouraged to develop reasonable informal relationships amongst themselves.”

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WORLD OF ENGINEERING

By Roderick Obeja

PART ONE

BEYOND REINFORCED CONCRETE: SUPERIOR STRUCTURES WITH POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE

I intend to write a trilogy on post-tensioned (PT) concrete, with the first part dwelling on its history, principles,

benefits and advantages; second part looking at PT in construction and design aspects; and third part dwelling on variety of application of PT and economics of PT. All this is because where I work, we are immersed in design and construction of PT structures, and we see its benefits and application daily, and it is necessary to sing to tell stories of what we are doing so that we all can be happy.

Concrete has a higher compressive strength compared to steel, whereas steel has a higher tensile strength compared to concrete. Pre-stressed concrete, of which post-tensioning is a part, uniquely utilises the inherent compressive strength in

concrete, to provide additional structural strength in concrete structures.

In this trilogy, post tensioned concrete is discussed as an effective and economical solution for high-rise structures for floor construction, in comparison with reinforced concrete structures, inherently making it superior to reinforced concrete. The superior advantages provided by PT include: longer spans, reduced structural

depths, water tight elements, crack-free slabs, improved deflection control and capacity under service loads, improved aesthetics due to optimised column sizes and locations, economical structural elements particularly in slabs and beams for spans beyond 7m.

An in-depth understanding of the design and analysis of post tensioning in concrete structures, and quality in construction materials and processes are irreducible minimums in PT structures. If PT is adopted more in design and construction in East Africa, superior concrete structures, significant cost savings, aesthetically more agreeable structures will be realised, as has been achieved the world over. Structural engineers, and those prepared for the built

Figure 1: Questworks PT Setup, Nanyuki

“Structural engineers, and those prepared for the built environment briefly study pre-stressed concrete.”

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environment briefly study pre-stressed concrete. It is not enough to know about these benefits, we need to actually design and build using these solutions we know about, and we can, if we want to. Through this trilogy, design and analysis principles in post tensioning, practical aspects of PT construction, and economics possible for ordinary reinforced concrete structures compared to their counterpart post tensioned structures are presented.

1.0 IntroductionPost Tensioned (PT) construction has a decisive technical and economic advantage over its counterpart and more traditional, Reinforced Concrete (RC). PT concrete is an innovative use of complementary materials: concrete and high tensile steel. When steel is used to pre-compress the concrete, an advantage is introduced because concrete has a high compressive strength, which compensates for its low tensile strength (10% of its compressive strength). The combination presents a structural element with superior tensile and compressive force resistance properties. The surprising significant cost savings due to a myriad of factors which will be discussed in this trilogy, do not compromise on functionality, integrity, elegance, or durability. It fact, often times,

structures are more serviceable as a result of PT application.

The first post tensioned building in East Africa is in Nairobi. This is the Sir Thomas More building at Strathmore University, completed in 2016. The region has seen several pre-stressed concrete solutions applied mainly on bridges and civil structures, but rarely on buildings. Many practicing structural engineers receive a very basic and cursory education in pre-stressed concrete, and hence will lean towards reinforced concrete for all structural challenges, instead of applying pre-stressed concrete because in many ways, it is a very innovative structural solution. In addition, the construction precision required in PT construction is yet to be achieved in the local construction industry. PT design and construction are an opportunity for firms which are keen to deliver quality and economy to clients and developers. It is time we came of age and braver as engineers and other consultants to deliver economically, reaping from existing, sound and innovative structural engineering applications.

2.0 Brief historyA patent for pre-stressed material was taken out in California in 1886, but it was only in the late 1940s that pre-stressed concrete really began to develop. The shortage of steel in Europe after the Second World War opened the way for use of pre-stressed concrete in the period of reconstruction that followed the war. Eugene Freyssinet, a Frenchman, is respectfully regarded as the ‘father’ of pre-stressed concrete. After much research throughout the early twentieth century, he managed to secure his first patent in 1928 and thus secured his theory of pre-stressing. His first publication on the subject was precisely entitled “A Revolution in the Art of Building”. When Eugene developed and patented this technique of pre-stressing concrete, he little realised the applications to which his invention would be put in future years. Spectacular growth in the use of pre-stressed concrete took place after the Second World War in Europe to repair and reconstruct bridges. It is now a widely used and accepted Civil Engineering construction material. The first post tensioned buildings were erected in the USA in the middle of the twentieth century using un-bonded post tensioning, some post tensioned structures were built in Europe quite early but the widespread and real development took place in Australia and the USA.

Pre-stressed construction has been used in mostly on precast bridges and

some water tanks, dams in East Africa. The first post tensioned building in East Africa is the Strathmore University Sir Thomas More Building in Nairobi, where the suspended floor slabs are constructed exclusively using post tensioned concrete, with both design and construction done by a single regional company, born, bred and buttered in Kenya, with activities in the region. Today, the entire world has used some form of pre stressing in concrete construction, and it is hoped that pre-stressed concrete will gather the moss on the African continent. South Africa leads all of Africa in the use of PT. Can we not catch up as a region? What are we afraid of? Do we not know and can we not apply this innovative structural solution? Yes we can!

3.0 PrinciplesPre-stressed concrete is simply pre-compressed concrete. A compressive stress is applied into a concrete member before it begins its working life and is positioned in areas where tensile stresses will develop under working load. We are concerned

Figure 4: PT Principle

Figure 3: PT Principle

“In pre-stressed concrete, the compressive stresses introduced into areas where tensile stresses develop under load will resist or annul these tensile stresses.”

Figure 2: Stressing Principle

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about tensile stresses because although concrete is strong in compression, it is weak in tension. Steel is strong in tension, and weak in compression. In pre-stressed concrete, the compressive stresses introduced into areas where tensile stresses develop under load will resist or annul these tensile stresses. The concrete will then behave as if it had a high tensile strength of its own and, provided the tensile stresses do not exceed the pre-compression stresses, cracking cannot occur at regions of high tensile stresses.

In daily life, the fundamental principle of pre-stressing is applied by a person moving several books, perhaps in a library, by hand. As an alternative to stacking them vertically, one on top of another and supporting them underneath, they can be lifted and moved in a horizontal stack, by exerting pressure (through a compressive force) with a hand on each end. In fact, the higher the compressive force, the more bricks can be supported, even more bricks can be placed on top of the horizontal stack. This is simply the principle of pre-stressed concrete.

The American Concrete Institute describes pre-stressed concrete as “concrete in which there have been introduced internal forces of such magnitude and distribution that the forces resulting from the given external loadings are counteracted to a desirable degree”.

Two methods exist where pre-stressed concrete is applied: pre-tensioning and post tensioning. Pre-tensioning as the word implies, is where the steel is tensioned between abutments and then concrete is placed in forms around it. When the concrete has achieved sufficient compressive strength, the steel is released from the abutments, transferring the force to the concrete through the bind that now exists between the steel and the concrete.

In post tensioning, the concrete is cast first in forms, allowed to set, before the pre-stress is applied. The steel is usually placed in position in a predetermined profile, and concrete cast thereafter, or ducts can be created in the concrete, and

the steel passed through thereafter. Post tensioned concrete can be bonded or un-bonded, both with critical differences and advantages. Bonded PT occurs where the concrete has a bond with the post tensioned steel member through a cement grout between the PT steel and the concrete, while un-bonded PT is where a sheath exists between the concrete and the PT steel.

Since post tensioning is more versatile than pre-tensioning and makes more efficient use of the pre-stressing forces, with less losses, ability to curve the PT cables upwards at the supports thus increasing shear resistance, this shall be the basis of this article.

The benefits of post tensioned concrete include:

• Designers have the opportunity to impart internal forces to the concrete structure to counteract and balance loads sustained by the structure and thus enable optimization in design

• The advantages of utilising the advantage of the compressive strength of concrete while circumventing its inherent weakness in tension are ingenious

• Post tensioned concrete combines and optimises current very high strength concrete and steel to result in a practical and efficient structural system.

PT concrete slabs have varied pros over the reinforced concrete slab counterpart and other structural systems for both single and multi-level structures:

a. Longer spans can be used hence reducing the number of columns, resulting in larger, column free floor areas hence greatly increasing the

flexibility of use for the structure and resulting in higher rental incomes.

b. PT has a favourable influence upon deflections of slabs under service loads compared to RC. Undesirable deflections under service loads can be virtually eliminated, and deflection capacities are increased for significant spans

c. The total cost of materials, labour and formwork required to construct a floor is reduced for spans greater than 7 metres, hence providing superior economy.

d. For the same imposed load, thinner slabs can be used, allowing additional building heights for the same maximum building height with resultant savings in façade costs. For taller buildings, it allows for more floors to be constructed within the original building envelope.

e. PT slabs are virtually water proof, depending on good and careful design, detailing and construction.

f. PT floor slab construction is faster, with earlier stripping of formwork, reduced back propping requirements, enabling faster construction cycles and quick re-use of formwork

g. Post tensioned floor construction requires less material handling, and benefits on-site carnage requirements. The strength of post tensioning strands is approximately four times that of conventional reinforcement, hence reducing the total weight of reinforcing material

h. Reduced floor dead loads are greatly beneficial for columns and foundations with reduced column and foundation sizes and requirements. With reduced columns, the net floor area available for rent is increased

Roderick Obeja is a civil engineering graduate member of the Uganda Institution of Professional Engineers. He works with Questworks Limited, www.questworks.co.ke, an Engineering, Procurement and Construction firm focused on turn-key delivery of real estate and renewable energy projects. Questworks is engaged in the design and construction of post tensioned concrete structures

“In fact, the higher the compressive force, the more bricks can be supported, even more bricks can be placed on top of the horizontal stack.”

Figure 5: PT Strands

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ESSENTIAL SKILLS OF THE FUTURE QUANTITY SURVEYORBy Ernest Nyakundi

OPINION

The year is 2002, two years since the turn of the 21st Century. In the United States of America, a need

arises. The Fourth Industrial Revolution presents new challenges, one of which has sparked immense interest from the members of the national business community, education leaders, and policymakers. In the century before this, man has achieved tremendous feats. He can communicate with his fellow men on the other side of the planet, get any information he needs by the click of a button, and, needless to say, he has ventured into space. So robust is his venture into space that he has mounted a flag on the moon and left his footsteps on it. But now he faces a challenge.

Apple Computer, Dell Computer Corporation, Microsoft Corporation, Cisco Systems Inc., AOL Time Warner Foundation among others quickly convene and form a coalition that establishes a non-profit organization – The Partnership for 21st Century Skills (P21). Its mission – to identify the most important skills required in the 21st Century.

2010, eight years later, The American Management Association’s “AMA 2010 Critical Skills Survey” finds “that an overwhelming number of respondents believe that these 21st century skills are important to their organizations today and will become even more important in the future.”

The findings of P21 have been adopted and implemented into the curricula of schools, school districts, and professional development program.

What were their findings? Why should Quantity Surveyors be interested in this?

P21 identified skills that they concluded are “the four most important skills required in the 21st Century”. These have come to be known as “The Four Cs of 21st Century Learning” or simply

as the “Four Cs.” These are: Creativity, Communication, Collaboration and Critical Thinking. The beauty of these four is that they cut across the specialties and sometimes end up being more important than the specialty itself. A Quantity Surveyor who cannot communicate is better not used for any project. In similar fashion, think of an Architect who is not creative; I don’t even think there can be such. A Construction Manager who lacks collaboration skills; basically this one cannot team up with other professionals and players in the industry. Therefore, these skills, trivial as they may seem, should not be underestimated. They make a very big difference. Quantity Surveyors, particularly those currently in training, have to nurture these skills so as to stay relevant.

Creativity, according to Stein (1953), is “a novel work that is accepted as tenable or useful or satisfying by a group in some point in time.” Being creative, in layman terms, means solving a problem in a new way. The future Quantity Surveyor, will have to be able to come up with new solutions for the ever changing challenges of the profession. Creativity is and will always be manifest in Quantity Surveying. From small things, such as how a given firm formats its Bills of Quantities to how they handle massive projects, there will always be a degree of novelty in their works. Creativity is what gives this given firm a competitive advantage over others in the similar industry. That, in itself, underlines the importance of creativity.

Communication, be it oral, written or non-verbal, is a very vital skill. The QS of the future has to have a fine mastery of communication skills; his ability to pass along or give information has to be impeccable. Astonishingly, this is the most underestimated skill of the four Cs. The ability to communicate seems so elementary that everyone, even those who haven’t honed their communication skills, believe they are masters at it. This belief, perhaps, is the main reason why very few graduates can write a cover letter that is devoid of grammatical errors. If you are one who has the ability to receive relevant information, decode it and relay it in the right manner to the right people, all these within the right setting and at the right time, the best is yet to come.

The Quantity Surveyor has always worked in teams, and will continue doing so. Construction projects are too big to be handled by any single individual. Even then, he/she, the professional, will have to work with masons, plumbers and all other persons with specialties that he has not. The future Quantity Surveyor, may end up working with more than just architects and engineers as is the norm. He may end up working with software programmers to create the next Quantity Surveying software, or with lawyers to better develop construction law and mechanisms for dispute resolution in the Construction Industry. The Internet of things has made the boundaries that existed between the disciplines fade away. This has made collaboration to be a key skill for the future professionals; including the Quantity Surveyor.

In ordinary living, people will always anticipate certain outcomes, with a preference for the desirable ones of course. The use of cognitive skills and strategies to increase the probability of achieving a particular outcome is what Halpern in her text “Thought and Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking (1985)”, defined as critical thinking. She also notes that this thinking should be “purposeful, reasoned and goal-directed.” The future Quantity Surveyor, the relevant one, is one who will have nurtured the skill of critical thinking, and be able to utilize it to get favourable outcomes for his clients, his fellow team members in the industry and his employees and associates.

The Four Cs are little things; little things that make a big difference. Imagine a Quantity Surveyor; one who constantly comes up with new solutions for new challenges (a creative mind); one who effectively receives information and passes it on to his fellow team members in similar fashion (a good communicator); one who can easily team up with other professionals for the right cause (a good collaborator); and finally, one who can, through his cognitive skills, strategize and achieve a given positive outcome (a good critical thinker). Now imagine being on the same project with him. Wonderful, isn’t it? This Quantity Surveyor could be you; with a little effort. Practice!

The writer is a Third Year Bachelor of Quantity Surveying Student at the University of Nairobi.

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THE IQSK JOINT STUDENTS’ COUNCIL

Student Bodies in the Various Universities

STUDENT CORNER

The Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya is fully committed in its service to student members and helping them find their footing in the profession. This commitment is what led to the formation of the IQSK Joint Students Council ( JSC) under the Membership and Training Committee in the Institute.

The Joint Students Council is a body that brings together student representatives from all universities that offer training in Quantity Surveying. These are: the University of Nairobi, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology and Technical University of Kenya. The main functions of the JSC include: ensuring student members of IQSK are well represented in the Institute, ensuring students are involved in decisions which affect them, working hand-in-hand with the Membership and Training Committee to organize student activities and coming up with proposals meant to benefit student members of IQSK.

With the JSC in place, student members of IQSK can expect increased activities and closer involvement with the Institute.

Ernest Nyakundi, Chairman – Joint Students Council.

Quantity Surveying Students at the University of Nairobi subscribe to the Construction and Real Estate Students Association (CRESA). CRESA’s mission is “to ensure that members become well nurtured professionals with a vast knowledge of the Construction and Real Estate Industry.” Its vision is “to become the most vibrant and inclusive students’ association on the African Continent.” CRESA has over the years worked very closely with IQSK to ensure that Quantity Surveying students are well taken care of.

Ernest Nyakundi, Quantity Surveying Chairman – CRESA.

1. University of Nairobi

2. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

3. The Technical University of Kenya

Quantity Surveying Students at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology subscribe to the Interactive Construction Management Students Organization (ICOMSO). Its mission is to “enhance and promote leadership, excellence, interaction, cohesion and networking among student as well as our alumni in the built environment exposing them to the dynamics of the professional field and industry at large.” Its vision is, “to lead in the interaction among students and professional practitioners as well as acceptance of building sciences as a discipline that adds significant value to the entire industry.”

Frank Mwangi, Chairman – ICOMSO.

Quantity Surveying Students at the Technical University of Kenya subscribe to the Construction Students Association (CSA). The main objective of the Association is “to expose the students to the construction industry hence enhancing their class knowledge.” This is done through collaborating with key players in the construction industry.

Charles Dickens, Chairman – CSA.

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CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURESTUDENT CORNER

By Faith Tangara

As a fast-moving industry, the construction sector faces new challenges every year in a bid

to expand and experience widespread success. The construction industry needs to experience a robust growth rate, an increase and improvement in innovation, sustainability, economic growth and leadership in the years to come.

However, it is important to look at the possible future threats could still be in store for construction firms.

Increased expensesIf there’s one thing we can be certain of happening in the future, it’s that inflation will continue to drive prices higher and higher. The changing shape of the financial sector may well have an impact on the availability of credit in the future, which could lead to an increased reliance on alternative lenders and cash reserves. As companies’ overheads are likely to increase over the years, with rent, wages and the cost of manufacturing materials conspiring to create significant expenses for your firm to overcome, accurate accounting and job costing is likely to prove crucial.

Environmental issuesOne of the key measurable ambitions and thus expected to be met by both government and industry is a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the built environment. It is understandably difficult to work in an industry with a focus on changing horizons and landscapes without casting a thought to the environment. Sparked by the emerging

fear of climate change two decades ago, construction has changed dramatically to better cater for environmental needs. From the initial conception and architecture of energy-recovery buildings through to the growing use of eco-friendly materials, these changes are likely to increase further in future, particularly as ever-dwindling supplies of non-renewable resources are likely to present compelling cost-and-supply arguments in favour of ‘greener’ alternatives.

Population growthPopulation expansion is an issue set to affect us all, including the construction sector. Population growth will put increased strain on the world’s resources, with physical space representing one of the most precious resources on the planet. It’s up to architects and construction workers to figure out how to use urban spaces more efficiently and effectively, accommodating more and more people in comfort without depleting resources too drastically.

Urban sprawlWhile it’s important that we make the most of what little space we have available to us, we can’t do so at the expense of green spaces and our nation’s natural resources. Urban sprawl has been gradually

encroaching upon the countryside, suburbs and rural orbital spaces surrounding our cities, but we can’t allow these resources to be consumed entirely. It’s important that the construction industry is allowed to expand without rural areas having to pay the price.

ComplianceGovernments and lawmakers impose industry legislation for a reason, but it’s sometimes difficult to see past the red tape as a construction firm. Industry legislation is a major driver for change in a number of different sectors. With safety engineering, employee rights and numerous other business management practices affected, construction companies can often find the red tape constrictive and counter-intuitive. It is fully expected the challenge of keeping pace and remaining compliant with government legislature to continue unabated in future. These issues and many others are more than likely to cause imminent concern amongst construction firms in the years to come.

Having highlighted this, it is only wise to prepare for the challenges of the future today

The writer is a Second Year Bachelor of Quantity Surveying Student at the University of Nairobi.

“Sparked by the emerging fear of climate change two decades ago, construction has changed dramatically to better cater for environmental needs.”

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PICTORIAL

CSR TREE-PLANTING ACTIVITY AT KEREITA FOREST ON 26TH MAY, 2018

On May 26, 2018, the IQSK fraternity led by the newly elected Chairman, Qs. P. Kariuki and the outgoing Chairman, Qs. A Mandere planted over 3,000 trees in Kereita forest, Limuru as part of their plan to plant 30,000

trees which is to be spread over a period of time.

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PICTORIAL

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PICTORIAL

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING HELD AT SAROVA-PANAFRIC HOTEL ON 24TH MAY, 2018

Members registers for the AGM

The Works Secretary, QS. Okweto and Qs. Gladys Wahome

Members during the proceeding of the AGM

The launch of the IQSK 2018 -2022 strategic Plan. Qs. Gaitho raises a point

Immediate Past Chairman addresses Members

Members during the proceeding of the AGM

Qs. Mutinda( Hon. Secretary) addresses members

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PICTORIAL

Members enjoy the Chairman’s Cocktail

Qs. Peter S. Kariuki(the incoming Chairman) addresses members

Some of the incoming council members(from left to right) Qs. Andrew Mbuku, Qs. Joel Gichimu, Qs. Gladys Wahome and Qs. Adeline Dindi

Qs. Litiku and Prof. Gichunge, the Scruitners during the election of the office bearers year 2018 – 2020

Members follow the proceedings Qs. James Munene (the outgoing Hon. Treasurer) takes members through the Financial reports



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PICTORIAL

INDUSTRIAL VISIT TO SHEFFIELD STEEL SYSTEMS

STAFF & COUNCIL RETREAT HELD AT MAANZONI LODGE ON 22/23RD JUNE, 2018

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PICTORIAL

CAREER TALK AT UTHIRU GIRLS’ HIGH SCHOOL ON 23RD MAY, 2018

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THE HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION IN KENYA

PART FIVE

By QS Barrack Obaga

THE EVOLUTION OF BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTING IN KENYA

In the early days the colonial government in Kenya utilized the services of contractors in its projects. Usually, the

government, through its Public Works Department (PWD), used to issue general notices to building contractors. One such general notice was given on January 18, 1921. Through this notice, the PWD anticipated that there would be “a large amount of building work…in many parts of the country, including the Coast, Highlands and Lake Districts.”

As early as the 1920’s, contracts were based on “lump sum competitive tenders prepared from drawings, specifications and bills of quantities.” The contracts sought by the colonial government covered areas such as the erection of new buildings, painting works, maintenance of existing buildings and roads, and construction of new roads and bridges. Later on, in 1935, the PWD introduced plumbing, sanitation and electrical works.

The general notice issued at the start of the year 1921 was issued by the Director of PWD, W. McGregor Ross. In the

notice, contractors who were interested in carrying out the projects were required to write a letter to the department. The submitted applications would then be grouped in terms of the district of the applicants and by the class of work applied for. Whenever construction works would emerge in the course of the year, the Public Works Department would invite suitable contractors based on two metrics: location and class of the project. In addition to the contractor indicating their location and class of work, the “value of building work he will be able to undertake per annum” was also required. Like today, a contractor was expected to “furnish proof of his ability to undertake the volume of work he applies for, with efficiency and despatch.”

The PWD would review the

applications. Any contractor who was considered unsuitable would be “struck off the list and tenders from them will not be invited unless and until they are reinstated.”

The PWD was also involved in inviting tenders for the supply of building materials. Some of the materials that were required for the projects included sand, seasoned timber and roofing tiles.

The Group HospitalThe government of the day was involved in a number of projects. Of particular interest were the hospitals. In the 1930s, the government was committed to setting up mixed-race institutions. On May 18, 1936, it was documented that the Government Architect and a medical officer had been “examining in South

“Like today, a contractor was expected to “furnish proof of his ability to undertake the volume of work he applies for, with efficiency and despatch.”

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THE HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION IN KENYA

Africa designs of hospitals for mixed races…and it is hoped that the designs of the new hospital will be thoroughly up-to-date.”

The result of the assignment was a proposal for a hospital complex called The Group Hospital. It was meant to cater for Africans, Indians and Europeans in separate wards. It was to have the state of the art medical equipment and staff. However, the plans would collapse in 1935 due to lack of funds. Prior to the collapse, the Legislative Council (LEGCO) had, in fact, set aside 78,500 pounds for the hospital.

Around this time, 2,400 pounds had been allocated by the government to the Mathari Mental Hospital. Until September 16, 1924, this facility was referred to as Mathari Lunatic Asylum. Christine Nicholls in Red Strangers says that the asylum housed “white inmates…who reached rock bottom because of alcoholism.”

The South Africans and the Railway ProjectIn 1926, the colonial government in Kenya had plans to set up new railway offices. They sent Mr Felling, the then General Manager of the Kenya Uganda Railway, to confer with the South

Africans. Under his leadership, architects were invited to submit their designs for the offices. During the assessment of the designs, they settled on a “very good design from an architect in South Africa.” The costs for the project were made under the supervision of the South African architect. Thereafter, builders from Kenya and South Africa were invited.

As part of the tendering process, Mr Felling visited various building contractors in Johannesburg and Cape Town. During the visits and meetings with the South African contractors, Mr Felling “explained to them the conditions of this country (Kenya Colony).” He further encouraged them to “take interest in the building programme” in the colony.

When the tenders for this project were returned, the leading contractors in South Africa did not participate. According to Mr Felling, the idea of using South Africans in Kenya would have created competition

with the local contractors. In his view, he felt that this would have led to a cut in their rates and profits. The management of the Kenya Uganda Railway failed to have a successful discussion with the lowest bidder and, in turn, they went to the lowest bidder. The principals of this contracting company cited “difficulties with regard to Nairobi stone” and they proposed different alternative methods of construction.

Ultimately, Felling said, the contracting company “were trying to avoid signing the contract” due to the challenges of shipping artisans from South Africa. There were serious shortfall in the labour required. The South Africans would also have had challenges providing, among other things, housing for their personnel. The South Africans also would have had to contend with the challenges posed by the growing trade union movement in Kenya that would have made it difficult for them to carry out the construction.

This was one of the earliest instances where the government of Kenya attempted to attract foreign contractors and it failed to take off

The writer is a Quantity Surveyor at Tandem & Stark. While not working on QS matters, he blogs at BuildingKE. Talk with him at [email protected].

“During the assessment of the designs, they settled on a “very good design from an architect in South Africa.”

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CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN KENYA

CONTRACTORS’ AVERAGE ALL-IN RATES AND COSTS PER SQUARE METRE

1. The prices hereinunder are the average prices in the cosmopolitan cities of Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu and should be adjusted with reference to the specific site conditions.

2. Prices in remote areas of Kenya are generally higher. 3. The general prices are based on rates obtained from a survey carried out using tendered rates from select quantity surveying firms

and construction companies. 4. A developer should consult a Quantity Surveyor for applicable rates in estimating for a particular project due to various site

conditions that influence construction rates. 5. While reasonable care has been taken to ensure the information published in herein is accurate and current, the Institute of

Quantity Surveyors of Kenya, its Council and the Publisher accept no responsibility for the completeness, accuracy or reliability of the data. The Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya, its Council and the Publisher also accept no responsibility for any loss, damage, claim, expense, cost or liability whatsoever arising in respect of, or in connection with, using or reliance upon the data in this journal.

JUNE 2018

DECEMBER 2017 (VAT INCLUSIVE)

DESCRIPTION UNIT NAIROBI AREA Kshs.

COASTAL AREA Kshs.

WESTERN AREA Kshs.

EARTHWORKS

Excavations

Site clearance SM 75 75 60

Excavate over site (150 mm deep) SM 100 100 80

Bulk excavations (manual) CM 300 230 250

Fillings

50 mm sand filling (blinding) SM 115 120 130

50 mm quarry dust blinding to hardcore SM 100 120 150

Hardcore filling under floor slabs CM 1,700 1,400 1,400

CONCRETE (IN-SITU)

Mass concrete (Foundations & external works)

Concrete 1:4:8 (Class x ) CM 8,350 8,335 8,750

100mm thick surface bed ditto SM 1,043 1,050 1,050

Vibrated Reinforced concrete (Substructure & Superstructures)

Concrete 1:2:4 (class 20/20) CM 12,800 13,500 13,500

Concrete 1:1:2 (class 30/20) CM 16,250 18,000 18,000

HOLLOW POTS

Clay hollow pots in suspended slabs

300 x 250 x 125 mm thick clay blocks SM 3,325 3,300 3,300

200 mm Thick ditto SM 2,600 2,700 2,700

Concrete hollow pots in suspended slabs (Ribs 125 mm)

375 x 225 x 150 mm Thick concrete blocks SM 3,617 3,600 3,600

300 mm Thick ditto SM 3,550 3,800 3,800

EXPANSION JOINT

12 mm Flexcell expansion SM 640 500 500

25 x 25 mm sealer LM 300 300 300

Expansion strips 300 300

100 mm wide LM 300 200 200

50 mm wide LM 200

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COASTAL AREA Kshs.

WESTERN AREA Kshs.

FORMWORK

Sawn formwork to:-

Sides of foundations / Columns & beams SM 540 550 585

Sides of ditto curved on plan to various radii SM 550 590 600

Marine ply formwork to :-

Sides of foundations / Columns & beams SM 600 620 600

Sides of ditto curved on plan to various radii SM 800 800 800

Curved sides of columns and beams to various radii SM 800 820 800

REINFORCEMENT

Mild Steel reinforcement - square twisted high tensile bars

8 mm Diameter KG 153 155 165

10 mm Ditto KG 153 155 165

12 mm Ditto KG 155 148 158

Fabric mesh reinforcement type A to B.S.1483 (Roll sizes 48 x 2.4 M)

B.R.C mesh type A142 SM 385 320 360

Ditto A65 SM 360 300 350

WALLING

Natural quarry stone walling

Juja (“Ndarugu”) machine dressed stone walling

100 mm Thick SM 1,483 1,700 1,900

150 mm Ditto SM 1,583 1,800 2,000

Njiru or Nairobi Blue “special” stone walling

100 mm Thick SM 1,933 1,950 2,250

150 mm Ditto SM 2,083 2,050 2,550

E.O. 225 mm Natural Stone Walling for:

Raking Cutting LM 100 130 150

Fair Curved cutting LM 140 210 230

Concrete Blocks

Solid concrete block walling

100 mm Thick SM 1,525 1,800 1,850

150 mm Ditto SM 1,833 2,050 2,100

Hollow concrete block walling

100 mm Thick SM 1,530 1,700 1,700

150 mm Ditto SM 1,550 1,800 1,800

Brickwork

100 mm Bricks Partition(walling) SM 1,125 1,500 1,300

150 mm Ditto SM 1,300 1,600 1,500

200 mm Ditto SM 1,650 1,700 1,700

Partitions

50mm Stramit plain board SM 2,400 3,600 2,900

Ditto but covered with vinyl clothing SM 2,500 3,700 3,000

WATERPROOFING

3 ply Hessian based bituminous damp proof course :-

100 mm Felt DPC LM 95 160 150

150 mm Ditto LM 130 220 200

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COASTAL AREA Kshs.

WESTERN AREA Kshs.

Polythene sheet damp proofing

500 gauge white sheet SM 258 115 100

1000 gauge black sheet SM 430 130 110

Basement and flat roofs waterproofing

Basement waterproofing SM 2,000 2,300 2,200

20 mm Thick mastic asphalt tanking to walls SM 2,500 3,000 2,500

Concrete Protection and Waterproofing

Integral capillary system water proofing to concrete surfaces (1Kg per SM) SM 1,251 1,400 1,165

Ditto to masonry SM 1,251 1,400 1,165

Vandex Waterproofing

Vandex Basement Waterproofing SM 2,300 2,500 2,400

Admixtures

Mega Add WL3 capillary waterproofing admixture SM 2,300 - -

Penetron Admix SM 2,100 - -

Waterproofing to roofs

APP waterproofing SM 1,250 - -

ROOF COVERINGS

Concrete roofing tiles including timber battens

Double roman low pitch over 22.50 (red color) tiles SM 1,891 1,858 2,050

Ridge tile to match LM 417 434 450

Clay roofing tiles including timber battens

Ridge tile to match LM 488 467 510

Interlocking clay tiles size 400 x 250 x 50 mm at 3.1 Kg/Unit SM 1,827 1,827 1,827

Sheet roofing

Resincot, IT5 gauge 26 roofing tiles SM 2,265 2,327 2,540

Ditto gauge 24 SM 2,579 2,519 2,930

Standard ridge gauge 26 LM 645 632 600

Roof Insulation

2 mm double reflective foil roof insulation SM 409 414 450

5 mm double reflective foil roof insulation SM 494 494 550

Pre-painted G. I & Aluzinc Metal Roofing

N.C 11/3” Corrugated sheets and BP760 Boxed profiled sheets (Effective 762 mm wide

24 G SM 1,498 1,498 1,700

26 G SM 1,200 1,200 300

Versatile roof sheets, 1020mm overall; 925mm effective width

26 Gauge SM 2,471 2,496 2,150

28 Gauge SM 1,706 1,731 1,200

Plain sheets - 960mm wide

22 Gauge SM 1,374 1,374 1,700

24 Gauge SM 1,208 1,208 1,600

Mini-currugation - MC 699

30 Gauge SM 502 512 450

Unpaited GI sheet roofing

875mm x 11/3” Corrugation Sheets (Effective 762 mm wide)

24 G SM 1,679 1,679 1,750

26 G SM 1,311 1,321 1,400

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COASTAL AREA Kshs.

WESTERN AREA Kshs.

TIMBER DOORS

Flush timber doors

50 mm thick semi-solid cored flush door size 900 x 2000mm with lipping NO 5,010 5,400 5,600

Ditto mahogany veneered both sides NO 6,377 6,700 7,450

Panelled hardwood doors

50 mm thick mahogany door size 900 x 2000 mm NO 24,000 23,250 25,500

Ditto mvule door leaf NO 31,279 26,175 29,175

Ditto podo NO 19,500 20,000 22,000

50 mm thick Wrot cypress match boarded door size 900 x 2100 mm

25mm T & G facing, 50 x 100 mm framing (stiles & rails ) all round, 25 x 100 mm braces & middle rail NO 7,025 8,050 8,500

Framed, ledged and braced door size 900 x 2100 (cypress) NO 7,813 8,200 9,000

Door frames

Cypress door frames size 100 x 50 mm LM 700 648 800

Ditto 150 x 50 mm LM 852 703 760

Hardwood door frames size 100 x 50 mm LM 1,260 1,593 1,800

IRONMONGERY

Aluminium

100mm pressed steel butt hinges PR 505 505 561

3- Lever mortice lock NO 2,820 2,440 3,045

2- Lever mortice lock NO 1,972 2,244 2,246

Brassware

Window stay/fastener NO 420 420 475

Door level handle set NO 2,420 2,420 2,769

Tower bolt 100 mm long NO 441 441 492

CARPENTRY AND JOINERY

Sawn cypress

100 x 75 mm wall plate LM 705 - -

100 x 50 mm wall plate LM 460 - -

Hardwood door frames

100 x 50 mm rebated wrot mahogany door frame with rounded edges LM 785 - -

Ditto 150x50mm LM 1,165 - -

GLASS & GLAZING TO METAL WITH PUTTY

6 mm One way tinted & toughened glass SM 7,433 9,500 10,250

6 mm Thick perplex roofing glass SM 6,025 6,000 6,600

Scotch paper (tape)

Scotch-tinted sun control film SM 2,250 2,450 2,550

Clear sheet Glass

3 mm thick glass in panes 0.50 -1.00 M2 SM 785 850 925

4 mm thick ditto SM 1,083 1,100 1,183

Obscure sheet Glass

4 mm thick glazing to metal in panes 0.50 - 1.00 M2; Delta Clear SM 1,493 1,500 1,650

5 mm thick glazing to metal in panes 0.50 - 1.00 M2; Maya Clear SM 1,836 2,130 2,175

Mirrors

4 mm clear mirror SM 1,710 1,915 1,950

5 mm polished plate glass mirror SM 2,550 2,550 2,600

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COASTAL AREA Kshs.

WESTERN AREA Kshs.

METAL WORK

Galvanized steel casements

Windows

600 x 600 mm with one top hang light NO 2,270 2,160 2,340

600 x 900 mm with one top hang and one fixed light NO 3,355 3,240 3,510

Burglarproofing Grilles

600 x 600 mm, Y16 square bars NO 1,380 1,620 1,900

Aluminum windows and doors

Aluminum sliding windows glazed with 6mm clear glass (2200*210mm) SM 13,250 7,000 9,000

Fixed aluminum windows ditto SM 12,750 6,900 9,500

Aluminum doors glazed with 6mm clear glass (900*2500mm) SM 11,970 11,100 12,500

Heavy duty Bronze & Natural Anodized Aluminum windows frames (Glass & ironmongery M/S)

1500 X1200 mm window with 3 sliding panels NO 21,000 12,240 12,780

Ditto with two sliding panels NO 21,000 12,240 12,780

1500 x 600 mm window with two end top hang and one middle fixed panels NO 10,500 6,120 6,390

NB three options exist - Heavy: Medium: Light duty & cost ratio of 2.7:1.9: 1.0 respectively

STRUCTURAL STEEL WORKS

Cold rolled structural steel tubes

16 mm dia x 1.5 mm thick (0.54kg/m) LM 148 230 196

20 mm dia x 115 mm thick (0.75kg/m) LM 204 260 215

Zed purlins - sold in 6m lengths -

100 x 50 mm x 2 mm Thick (14 gauge) LM 848 1,180 900

112.5 x 50 x 2 mm Thick ditto LM 915 1,250 985

Mild steel T-sections

20 x 20 x 3 mm Thick KG 290 280 320

25 x 25 x 3 mm Thick KG 290 280 320

Mild steel plates (8’x 6’)

4.5 mm Thick SM 8,510 6,200 6,500

8 mm Thick SM 15,105 8,200 8,500

WALL, CEILING AND FLOOR FINISHES

Wall finishes

Plaster and render

12 mm cement and sand render SM 375 541 412

20 mm washed terrazzo to walls SM 2,600 2,700 2,675

Wall tiles

330 x 250 x 6 mm White glazed wall tiles SM 1,653 1,600 1,700

600 x 600 x 8 mm Thick colored granito wall tiles SM 3,524 4,646 4,250

Ceiling finishes

Plaster

15 mm thick two coat cement lime sand (1 :4) plaster SM 400 400 375

12 mm thick celotex soft board Imported soft board SM 1,217 1,200 900

Cornice

12 x 100 mm celotex cornice LM 250 100 300

25 mm thick T & G ceiling LM 1,050 300

25 mm Thick T & G ceiling

25 mm T & G cypress boarding prime grade SM 2,483 2,400 1,850

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COASTAL AREA Kshs.

WESTERN AREA Kshs.

Floor finishes

Concrete floor tiles

19 mm Precast concrete floor tiles (Plain) SM 1,500 1,500 1,600

300 x 600 x 10 mm Thick granite tiles - Traditional colors SM 20,000 20,000 21,000

Granolithic paving

38 mm thick (24mm C & S backing & 15rnm thick grano layer) SM 2,000 - -

20 x 100 mm Skirting LM 200 - -

PAINTING & DECORATION

First quality paint

3 Coats super gloss oil paint to walls SM 350 300 300

3 Coats polyurethane clear vanish to timber surfaces SM 375 400 400

KITCHEN & WARDROBE CABINETS

Kitchen Cabinet Carcass - produced from 16mm or 18mm white particleboard, 3mm white backer & standard furniture fittings (including installation, excluding counter tops & appliances)

Wall unit dimensions = 720mm high x 300mm depth and varying lengths (LM)

Base units dimensions = 720mm high x 600mm depth and varying lengths (LM) / (excluding plinth)

Tall base unit dimensions = 2070mm high x 600mm depth and varying lengths (LM) / (excluding plinth)

Melamine faced particleboard door frontal with carcass:

Wall units LM 19,000 20,000 20,000

Base units LM 23,000 24,000 24,000

Tall units LM 44,000 46,000 46,000

Painted MDF door frontal with carcass:

Wall units LM 22,000 23,000 23,000

Base units LM 25,000 26,000 26,000

Tall units LM 47,000 49,000 49,000

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

Consumer Units

Havells consumer unit 4 way 100A isolator NO 2,810

Isolators for Consumer unit/Distribution board

Havells isolator Double Pole 100A NO 2,832

Distribution board

Havells distribution board TPN 125A 4 way NO 13,317

8 Way Ditto NO 15,550

Miniature circuit breakers- MCB’S

Single phase

Havells MCB SP 0.5A Breaking capacity 10KA NO 585

1-4A Ditto NO 535

Double phase

Havells MCB DP16,20,32,63A Breaking capacity 10KA NO 1,520

Three phase MCB’S

Havells MCB TP 6,1O,16,20,32A Breaking capacity 10KA NO 2,163

40 & 50A Ditto NO 2,847

MCCB’S

Havells MCCB 3P GN Frame 63 &100A Breaking capacity 16KA NO 12,900

125A Ditto NO 11,675

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COASTAL AREA Kshs.

WESTERN AREA Kshs.

Electric cables

P.V.C insulated 450/750 V - Single core 6491X

1.0 mm2 LM 25

1.5 mm2 LM 36

P.V.C insulated and sheathed 600/1000 V - Single core 6181Y

1.0 mm2 LM 28

1.5 mm2 LM 38

2.5 mm2 LM 69

Armoured Cables

Armored cables 600/1000 V - 2 Core 6942X

1.5 mm2 LM 158

2.5 mm2 LM 224

5AMP Lightning switch, Flush fixing white plastic excluding box

One gang, one way NO 187

Ditto two way NO 207

Low power Factor (L.P.F) BATTEN FLUORESCENT Fittings with tube

4 ft. Single x 36 watt NO 2,050

4 ft. Twin Ditto. NO 2,733

Energy saving lamps

Energy saving lamp B22 8,11,15,20 & 23 W Havells-Pin screw NO 283

Sockets

Satin chrome/Black Nickel 16 13A DP Flat switch socket NO 1,683

PLUMBING & DRAINAGE

UPVC Grey waste pipe fittings

Sweep Bend

32 mm diameter sweep bend NO 79

SANITARY FITTINGS

Glazed ceramic

W.C. suite complete NO 19,500 19,500 19,500

Wash hand basin complete NO 14,500 14,500 14,500

Bathroom accessories

Urinals

1150mm high stainless steel slab urinals complete with fittings

2FT NO 55,000 35,000

EXTERNAL WORKS (SITE WORKS)

Fencing

100 mm Precast Concrete fencing post LM 870

Extra over ditto for 100 x 100 mm precast concrete struts 2600 mm long NO 2,547

Barbed wire

12 1/2 Gauge x 6 strand galvanized barbed wired fencing with 2.4 M high 100 x 125 mm cranked precast concrete posts at 3.0 M centers mortised in mass concrete surround

LM 1,744

Razor wire

450 mm diameter LM 320 341 357

Manhole Covers

Pre-Cast R.C. Manhole Cover Slabs

685 mm diameter; 150 mm thick; NO 1,339

915 mm Dia. ditto NO 1,897

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AUGUST 2017 - JULY 2018

1BUILDING CONSTRUCTION COSTS HANDBOOK

COST: KSHS.1,800/=AUGUST 2017 - JULY 2018

AUGUST 2017 - JULY 2018

1BUILDING CONSTRUCTION COSTS HANDBOOK

COST: KSHS.1,800/=AUGUST 2017 - JULY 2018

FOR MORE CONSTRUCTION COSTS, PLEASE PURCHASE A COPY OF THE IQSK CONSTRUCTION COST HANDBOOK

AVAILABLE AT THE INSTITUTE OF QUANTITY SURVEYORS OF KENYA AT KSHS. 1,800/-


COASTAL AREA Kshs.

WESTERN AREA Kshs.

Landscaping

Installation of ground covers

Excavate circular pits average 300mm diameter not exceeding 500mm depth SM 350 - -

Backfill excavated pits with approved soil average depth, 350mm CM 900 - -

Installation of trees/ large shrubs

Ordinary trees/ large shrubs (30 no.)

Bambusa speciosa ( DWARF BAMBOO) NO 800 - -

Bauhinia variegetum (CAMEL’S FOOT) NO 1,200 - -

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CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS PER AREA IN KENYA


The rates shown below are general rates for building works excluding site works and care should be exercised in comparing costs of various buildings without considering other factors like location; specification of building materials; wall to floor ratio, floor to ceilling heights; site topography; type of joinery fitting and quality of Electrical and Mechanical installations.

The Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya, it’s Council and the publisher shall not be responsible for any errors in the rates published herein or for any damage or loss whatsoever resulting therefrom or for any reliance thereon in the m2 rates.

BUILDING COSTS PER SQUARE METRE - JUNE 2018

ITEM BUILDING TYPE NAIROBI AREA

COASTAL AREA

WESTERN AREA

A Commercial

Low rise office blocks (four storey max.) 39,714 48,547 48,000

High rise office blocks (5+ storeys) 50,021 57,320 65,000

Offices - business parks 47,740 57,000 55,000

CBD offices - up to 20 floors medium (A-grade) 61,167 56,667 60,000

CBD offices - high-rise prestige 67,500 70,000 72,000

B Industrial Complex

Factories (Two storey) 35,708 35,960 35,000

Warehouses 35,719 29,580 44,000

Cold storage facilities 36,800 38,000

High-tech laboratories/factories 56,650 60,000 60,000

Steel frame, brickwork to ceiling height, corrugated steel cladding above and roof sheeting

25,000 22,000 24,000

Administration offices 42,500 41,000 42,000

Ablution and change room block 40,000 48,000 52,000

Sheds and barns 7,500 16,250 18,000

Carport - single 4,600 4,800 5,000

Carport - double 7,500 7,800 8,000

C Retail Outlets

Small scale shopping centres 40,000 42,000 45,000

Shopping mall 48,375 55,000 55,000

Line shops 43,100 45,000 48,200

D Residential

High class Maisonettes 49,650 48,000 52,000

Luxury apartments 52,143 54,667 50,000

Middle Income apartments 43,343 43,333 47,000

Town houses - medium standard (Tiara) 43,886 35,000 38,000

Simple low rise apartment block 37,250 34,500 38,000

Duplex townhouse - economic 37,333 42,500 46,200

Prestige apartment block 38,200 42,500 45,200

Private dwelling houses: - standard 34,000 36,000 38,000

Private dwelling houses: - middle class 38,500 42,000 44,200

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CURRENT CONSTRUCTION COSTS PER AREA IN KENYA

ITEM BUILDING TYPE NAIROBI AREA

COASTAL AREA

WESTERN AREA

Private dwelling houses: - luxury 45,600 52,000 54,100

Private dwelling houses: - exclusive 45,500 57,300 60,000

Outbuildings 30,000 6,960 34,200

E Educational Institutions

Classrooms 35,917 35,820 38,000

Libraries 37,500 36,820 37,000

Sanatorium 37,200 39,440 40,000

Dormitories 33,867 38,720 40,200

F Carparks

Multi-storey parking (above ground) 35,000 36,200 38,000

Ground level parking (pre-cast concete finish) 5,194 5,800 6,100

Parking on grade with integral landscaping and ground preparation 4,250 4,500 4,800

G Social Centres

Social clubs 31,000 33,000 32,000

Conference centres 42,000 41,000 41,000

Churches (Double Volume Height) 37,500 41,000 40,000

H Hotels

2 star Hotel 69,950 70,000 71,200

3 Star Hotel 80,000 84,200 85,000

5 Star Hotel 86,000 86,200 87,000

Resort style accommodations 85,000 86,600 88,200

I Health facilities

Simple clinics (day care) 24,000 34,000 30,000

Urban areas clinics 32,000 42,000 37,000

Large referral hospitals 60,500 65,500 64,500

Dispensaries 22,000 26,000 25,000

J Sports Facilities

Stadiums 42,000 48,000 47,000

Theatres (Double volume height) 47,000 54,000 53,000

Health clubs 51,000 59,000 57,000

Playing fields (murram finish) 12,000 18,000 14,000

Playing fields (grass finish) 13,000 18,000 14,000

Simple arena 34,000 39,000 38,000

Swimming Pools 32,600 34,200 36,000

K Airports

Hangars 143,000 152,000 160,000

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MEMBERS IN GOOD STANDING

PAID-UP MEMBERS AS AT 23RD MARCH 2018DEAR MEMBERS,Kindly note that from January 2018, IQSK shall not ACCEPT ANY CASH PAYMENT.

You can use any of the Payment options below:• Cheque payable to the Institute of Quantity Surveyors of Kenya / IQSK• Paybill No. 933450.• Bank deposits should be made to the Barclays Bank Account below:

Bank and branch: Barclays Bank, WestlandsAccount Name: Institute of Quantity Surveyors of KenyaAccount Number: 073-1265887

CLASS OF MEMBERSHIP NO.

FELLOW MEMBERS

Qs. John Gatimu Njagi 2Prof. Qs. Sylvester M. Masu 3Qs. Onesimus M. Gichuiri 5Qs. Kimani Mathu 6Qs. Geoffrey Kahuria Koigi 9Qs. Moses A. Nyakiongora 12Hon. Qs. Yusuf Kifuma Chanzu 13Qs. Leah Wangari Thumbi 16Qs. Joseph Omariba Otuke 26Qs. Bramwell P. Kimokoti 27Qs. Antony Levitan 34Qs. Kishore Nayar 35Qs. Jacktone V. Hongo 41Qs. Japheth N. Rasugu 44Qs. David Mungai Njuguna 53Hon. Qs. Simon Nyaundi Ogari 61Dr. Qs. Njeri Wachira - Towey 68Qs. Festus Mukunda Litiku 83Qs. Thomas Kimangu Murai 91Qs. David Mwangi Gaitho 133Qs. Samson Getui Obae 141Prof. Qs. Hezekiah Gichunge 176Qs. Silvester M. Mutharia 182Dr. Qs. Stanley K. Murage 185Qs. Tom Oketch 205Qs. Ali Alamin Mandhry 491Qs. Daniel Nyabuti Kimoro 251Qs. Adam Syngidura Marjan 252

CORPORATE MEMBERS

Qs. Hazron Maira 4Qs. Charles J. Mwaura 7Qs. Wilfred Gitau Ngaruiya 8Qs. George Migwi Maina 15Qs. Gladys Wangui Wahome 20Qs. Lilian Wanjiku Kithinji 22Qs. Francis Chege Mwangi 25Qs. Simon Ndirangu Waburi 30Qs. Lawrence Gatitu Mbugua 31Qs. Peter Njuguna Mugaki 36Qs. John Mwai Mathenge 37Qs. Mwaragania Wambugu 43Qs. Alfred Ingida Aluvaala 48Qs. W. J. Macharia Kamau 49

Qs. Anna Muthoni Muchungu 58Qs. Benson Kagwa 60Qs. Newton Dishon Maungu 65Qs. Robert K. C. Bunei 66Qs. Pauline Wanja Munene 67Qs. Kibasui Ndonga 70Qs. James Munene Gitonga 72Qs. Mutegi John Mburire 74Qs. Rebman Ambalo Malala 77Qs. Nicholas Ng’ang’a Gitau 78Qs. Moses Daniel Kamau 80Qs. Lusweti Wose 81Qs. Christopher G. Munene 82Qs. Charles Maina Mwangi 94Qs. Adeline Mercy Dindi 95Qs. Mutinda Josphat Mutuku 97Qs. Andrew N. Mandere 99Qs. Andrew Kituo Mbuku 100Qs. Karimi Stephen Muriithi 101Qs. John Kamau Kihara 103Qs. Philip Amwata Osoro 109Qs. Tom Kipngetich Chirchir 110Qs. Juma Paul Ambatsa 112Qs. Patrick Tana Mutisya 125Qs. Paul Muthoka Munene 126Qs. Allan Agesa Abwunza 129Qs. Michael Kimanzi Nduli 130Qs. Steve Rukwaro Muthui 132Qs. Julius Kiogora Ringera 135Qs. Elizabeth W. Njoroge 138Qs. Nyagah Boore Kithinji 139Qs. Victor B. O. Odongo 142Qs. George Charles Omondi 143Qs. William Kungu Kinyanjui 145Qs. Hosea K. Ngari 147Qs. Omullo Pius Ouma 148Qs. Karita George Ngugi 150Qs. Lukas Mugo Ndung’u 154Qs. Alexander K. Mutai 155Qs. Hannah Wambui Waithera 157Qs. Julius Meshack Oluoch 163Qs. Emmanuel M. Wamalwa 165Qs. Neelesh Harji Hirani 166Qs. Charles Kinyanjui Maingi 173Qs. Michael Mbugua 177Qs. Innocent I. O. Momanyi 179Qs. Susan Ruto 181

Qs. Bashir H. Hajee 186Qs. Julius M. Wanyagi 187Qs. Micheal Mwinzi Mwendwa 192Qs. Aaron Murithi Gitonga 193Qs. Francis Gatonga Kairu 194Qs. James Ouma Okaka 196Qs. James Maina Kamau 197Qs. Samuel Reuben Mainya 199Qs. Peter Kariuki Kanyi 202Qs. Dr. Jane Wanjugu Gichuiri 204Qs. Nicholas M. Mutua 206Qs. James Ogoda 207Qs. E. O. Odhiambo 208Qs. Francis Mururi Munyua 211Qs. Francis O. Ombura 212Qs. Wilson G. Mwangi 213Qs. Isaac M. Gitura 214Qs. Bernard M. Mandere 220Qs. James N. Nyambane 221Qs. Ali M. Adam 222Qs. Denis K. Kirui 225Qs. Moses K. Kimani 227Qs. Philip Muchungu 228Qs. Francis M. King’ori 229Qs. Pauline Jemutai Olbara 235Qs. Gregory Murunga Chekata 241Qs. Samson Kirioba Maisiba 242Qs. Paul Kamatu Ngugi 245Qs. Charles Muita Kairu 247Qs. Robert Kanake Munya 249Qs. John O. Okerosi 253Qs. Peter S. Kariuki 255Qs. Duncan W. Owuor 257Qs. Simon Wanjusi Wabwile 259Qs. Oliver Zablon Munala 260Qs. Joel Gichimu Thaibiri 263Qs. Raphael G. Ndoka 265Qs. Julius K. Matu 268Qs. Shadrack M. Mutumah 270Qs. Micheal G. M. Ngina 274Qs. Richard M. Ngari 280Qs. Jordan R. Opiyo 283Qs. Donald O. C. Akoko 284Qs. Philip M. Kande 286Qs. Bernard M. Muhia 287Qs. Alfred O. Gayo 288Qs. Eddieson O. Otieno 289

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Qs. Ambrose K. Mwangi 296Qs. Peter K. Miriti 300Qs. Nicholas K. Mutuma 307Qs. Fervent Kimani Thumbi 308Qs. Beatrice N Wanjau 310Qs. Philip Oduor Omondi 315Qs. Olivia Sally Otieno 320Qs. Jeniffer Nduku Musyimi 321Qs. Martha Merikol Kitutu 322Qs. Wallace Gachogo Muira 325Qs. George Kamau Ngure 326Qs. Jedida Waguthii Muchoki 328Qs. Antony Wambua 335Qs. Mary Wachuka Gichuki 336Qs. Faith Njeri Kimani 338Qs. Thomas Koigi Kahuria 349Qs. Beatrice Wangui Chege 350Hon.Qs. Mohamed Mohamud Ali 352Qs. Collins Otieno Aluga 355Qs. Solomon D. Kabui Mokiri 358Qs. Paul Ogweno Omondi 360Qs. Gabriel Pius K. Mwangi 361Qs. Joseph Kahiga 363Qs. Mary Wachuka Gichuki 336Qs. Mwangi Kimani 372Qs. Simon Njoroge Ndung’u 374Qs. Johana Maina Thumbi 378Qs. Paul Omolo Sagi 379Qs. Philip Angatia Mukusa 380Qs. Simon Ndung’u Ndumia 390Qs. Francis Mindo Gitaka 392Qs. Daniel Gatenjwa Ng’ang’a 394Qs. Peter Muchiri Ndung’u 395Qs. Kennedy M. P. Mutwii 403Qs. Rodgers Magori Nyabuto 405Qs. M. Michubu Kobia 406Qs. Patriciah Nthambi Josiah 408Qs. David Gidudi Choka 409Qs. Lawrence Omonyo 410Qs. Desmond L. M. Mucheni 413Qs. Paul Kariuki Karanja 415Qs. Antony Githiri Kimani 418Qs. Gladys Nduta Maina 424Qs. David Karu Kang’ara 431Qs. Gabriel Muchoki 432Qs. Rose Jematya Kotut 434Qs. Rewel Kariuki Maigua 435Qs. Mbinda Kativini 445Qs. David Mathu Njuguna 446Qs. Titus Mwangi Macharia 448Qs. Maureen Njeri Kinyanjui 450Qs. Stephen Gitau Waweru 451Qs. Wilson Calistus Simiyu 452Qs. David Waiganjo Kiraki 455Qs. Peter Mwangi Munderu 456Qs. Sekou Dore 458Qs. Robert Mwanga Ambuku 466Qs. Bertrand Lubanga Ngaywa 469

Qs. Alex M. Makori Magembe 471Qs. Joseph Ojwang Onyango 472Qs. Samuel Ngigi Waiganjo 475Qs. Sylvester Onyango Oluoch 483Qs. Francis Kariuki Kiiru 488Qs. Lamon O. B. Ogweno 493Qs. David Maina Nguyo 499Qs. Alphonce Nyagilo Okweto 501Qs. Peter Okinyi 503Qs. Michael K. Muiruri 504Qs. Robinson Mwangi Kariguh 505Qs. Joseph Njau Kihiu 507Qs. Martin Mahira Muiruri 508Qs. Japheth Kosgei Kibet 521Qs. Brian Simiyu Barasa 523Qs. Justus Njuguna Mwangi 526Qs. Patrick Nyolei Tonui 528Qs. Judy Wanjiku Njuguna 531Qs. Annrita Wanja Mukindia 532Qs. Rose Nyambura Mwangi 538Qs. Jasan Wanyoike Njoroge 542Qs. Rudolf Mwangi 544Qs. Kibet Kirui Komingoi 550Qs. Esther Muthoni Githinji 554Qs. Charles Mbugua Kamau 555Qs. Brian Kipkorir Toroitich 560Qs. Kenneth Mungai Ng’ang’a 561Qs. Humphrey Khwatenge Silungi 565Qs. Peter Kamau Gathuru 566Qs. Vincent Wafula Kuucha 569Qs. Zacharia Wahome Ngacha 573Qs. Elias Kirimi Mwiti 579Qs. Celestine Akoth Ouma 584Qs. Salesius Kiruja Ignatius 585Qs. Hussein Were Hussein 597Qs. Vincent Anjeche Bulimo 604Qs. Peter Waithaka Irungu 610Qs. Jason Nthamburi Muraa 612Qs. John Michael Onginjo Mdhune 617Qs. Isaac Kiage Makone 627Qs. Kairu Bachia 634Qs. Eli Kasera Asura 635Qs. Leah Wambui Karanja 649Qs. Martin Munyua Njenga 650Qs. Cassius Murumba Kusienya 663Qs. Julius Mutemi Mwangangi 666Qs. Paul Habwe Ebole 670Qs. David Jonathan Grantham 677Qs. Robert Ndegwa Mathenge 682Qs. Moses Njenga Ng’ang’a 683Qs. Rachel Patience Mulondo 689Qs. Vincent Koome Bururia 800Qs. Susan Wambui Kinyati 818Qs. Paul Kimani Mwathi 819Qs. Portia Afwandi Ajayo 825Qs. Allan Opondo Otieno Oduol 827Qs. James Kioko Ndoo 829Qs. Godrick Ekisa Oduu 842

Qs. Eric Onyango Tinda 848Qs. Eric Guantai Munene 909Qs. Joseph Ngare Okinyi 913Qs. Kevin Muriithi Mugo 918Qs. Christopher Kiprotich Chelulei 948Qs. Erastus Kiragu Kamau 968Qs. Daniel Kidasi Mwanyalo 1008Qs. Jackson Macharia Kibuchi 1017Qs. David Muchiri Mathenge 1024Qs. Moses Matheka Kiio 1035Qs. Samuel Kioge Mwangi 1191Qs. Daimon Kevan Keith 1200

LICENTIATE MEMBERS

Pius M. Muoka 278Nancy Njeri Thuku 342James Akumu Kanalo 482John Karanja Mutwa 510Michael Njoroge Keiru 910

GRADUATE MEMBERS

Delores Wekoye Mbati 231George Mugo Njiiru 233Alex Nyamweya Motanya 341Benedict Mutemi Kyangavo 414Bernard Gitau Ngigi 430Simon Awiti 476Zacharia Muia Maithya 543Albashir Ibrahim Ahmed 553David Wafula Wechuli 558Stephen Kahuria Koigi 575Reuben Nyakundi Bikeri 578Stephen Kamau Njihia 598Julius Kilonzo 625Gerald Okoth 651Eric Kirimi Cecilia 654Mark Muthama Voni 658Boytone Onyango Awidhi 659Sebastian Wambua Nzioka 660Bob Joseph Wanjara 661George Gatamu Githaiga 662Terry Njeri Ngugi 676Ibrahim G. Adannuh 667David Kariuki Mwangi 686Claire Wangari Githiri 688Anthony Gakuru Muchiri 695Vincent Gachara Ndichu 696Mercyline Aseti 699Edwin Gitonga Munyua 702Joy Brenda Mbinya 705Bonface Kitoto Abaja 709Dennis Chege Mwaura 710Derrick Karoki Karuoya 711Sharon Wairimu Njiraine 719Cancius Babu Ouma 720Caroline Wanjiru Njeru 721Hope Mkamburi Mwakughu 723David Gituthu Maina 734

40 APR - JUN 2018


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Laban Kamau Mwangi 760HabibMsellem Said 785Macdonald Wekesa Wafubwa 786Paul Kimani Mwathi 819Victor Omondi Ongaro 838Brian Sammy Odhiambo 839Erick Ondiek Ogola 840Naomi Wanjiru Njoroge 849Rose Kavinya Musyimi 850Justus Mosiria Obare 878John Mualuko Munyao 879Cosmas Onyango Odhiambo 901Brian Sagero Makario 907Paul Kangogo Cheruiyot 917Harrison Katana Menza 952Dennis Kiprotich Biwott 953Moses Muchai Kiarie 960Jane Wangari Mukundi 961Daves Kibet 1002Maurice Macharia Wambui 1016Vishal Avinash Chotai 1019Michael Chege Njoroge 1026Alex Muchiri Mukere 1029Winfred Mukami Muia 1053Isaboke Diana Gesare 1075Lilian Kavenge Mwau 1285Immaculate Nyambura Kaibere 1102Patrick Nganga Karanja 1116Enock Nyanumba Ayuka 1122Grace Musyawa Muendo 1124Wesley Mutai 1133Barrack Omondi Ongondo 1137Alnoor Adan Issack 1138John Gichaga Mwangi 1141Bernard Kagume Wamugunda 1143Ayub Alexander Mureithi Kibugu 1187Erastus Gitari Njeru 1227Stephen Njoroge Ng’ang’a 1240Derrick Kithinji Mwirigi 1251Victor Chege Maina 1263Mutugi Adson Meme 1276Tingisha Saitoti 1282Cynthia Moira Mulaku 1310David Derrick Otieno 1312Serah Wanjeri Kung’u 1325Andrew Maina Kahonge 1328John Thuita Muthoni 1329Eleanor Atieno Oloo 1330Alex Masaku Muema 1331Javan Mtoto Mzugha 1332Lawrence Koskey Kipkoech 1333Stephen Mwangi Nduiga 1334Benson Musa Mbogo 1335Francis Mburu Mbugua 1337Mark Muriithi Muthumbi 1339Fred Allan Kichari 1340Wilson Mwikamba 1341David Wachira Ndoka 1371

Stephen Kiptoo Ngetich 1373Amos Munene Kimathi 1379Nicholas Njenga Muhu 1380Aliow Duba Gole 1381

TECHNICIAN MEMBERS

Michael Amena Jahonga 339David K. Maiyo 425Gladys K. Madete 496Samuel M. Nyaga 535Sebastian Peter Kamairoh 618Dominic Kimonyi Nguku 638Resi Khasai Inyangala 642Margaret M. V. Abukutsa 656Salome Wangui Nyathira 740Bernard Kibet Massam 804Robinson Otieno Ope 806Alexander Muthigani Miano 822Reuben Akoko Nyangano 833Richard Mburu Mwaura 884Joram Wambugu Wambugu 939Robert Ouko Sigu 955Ismael Omondi Ogira 973Bernard Kipngeno Mutai 984Boaz Kibichii Kipsongol 999Edward Gikonyo Gitonga 1014Joseph Nginyo Wanjema 1065Savia Mwale Mjomba 1086Mutchere Nerous Omulokoli 1202George Mogendi Okeri 1258James Mwati Maina 1262John Kinyua Mberi 1273Evans Miano Nyambura 1274Christopher Waithaka Nyaguthii 1280Patrick Muema Kanini 1281Maureen Senna Oluk 1284Robinson Macharia Muthii 1327Wycylife Ogoti Ogoro 1336Vincent Omondi Onyango 1369Leisanka Gilbert Sitei 1372Kennedy Maanta Moisari 1382Peter Nelson Alande Odak 875Abdirazack Abdirahman Abass 892Irene Wahu Njoroge 904Edwin Gathata Mwaragania 915Marvin Ndiritu Wahome 916Lucy Nzilani Nzioki 932Mercy Chebet Chirchir 982Charity Wangari Mwangi 1037Ashley Nyakara Nyabuto 1042Lucy Muthoni Njuguna 1060Abigael Nyakara Mogusu 1070Albert Anyona 1082James Muimi Nzangi 1088Leonard Kituku Ndolo 1112Benard Kipkemoi Lang’at 1127Erick Wahome Njeri 1150Edwin Kiplagat Bunyoli 1153

Clare Nangila Juma 1154George Eric Omondi 1158Onyango Jeremiah Oyuma 1160Ochieng Simon Opiyo 1163Winjoy Karendi Marangu 1168Waburi Ann Wanjiru 1171Nabil Mohsen Al-beiti 1173Jackline Nasieku Konchellah 1177Eunice Bella Akini 1183Cindy Namatsi Omondi 1217Martin Mwangi Njoroge 1218Linnette Muthoni Mathenge 1222Linda Kavaya Odari 1223Lewis Mbatia Nderitu 1225Rose Wairimu Kimondo 1237Miriam Osebe Omagwa 1239Poulet Waruguru Maina 1252Nyakundi Ernest Onyancha 1299Peter Karanja Irungu 1314Margaret Nyokabi Maingi 1317Esther Muthoni Muiruri 1319Caroline Mumbi Munene 1320Stephen Kabari Githinji 1323Julius Muchiri Maina 1324Boaz Chepsergon Komen 1326Boniface Mwirigi Mugambi 1338Dennis Karaba Ndirangu 1342Augustine Njau Njoroge 1343Grace Wanja Kimani 1345Allan Kipkorir 1346Sharon Mukiri 1347Brian Omondi Ajwang 1348Quinter Wangui Mworia 1349Sylvia Chelimo Kongoley 1350Ted Nyaga Masigi 1351Ronah Nyatich Ontenga 1352Alexander Opiyo Abuodha 1353Mirriam Mwongeli Mueni 1354Albin Kimutai Siele 1355Ian Nzamba Mutemi 1356Emmanuel Kiprop Kibet 1357Esther Nyaguthii Nderitu 1358Mary Syombua Musyoka 1359Grace Ekirapa Magdalene 1360Rosemary Mukami Macharia 1361Benson Kibe Kioria 1362Ruth Nyambura Warui 1363Samuel Wambugu Gichanja 1364James Owilly Osindi 1365Derek Prince Omiah 1366Valentine Nyanchama Mong’are 1367Purity Wairimu Njagi 1368Yasmin Ismail Adan 1370Vivianne Jeptoo Lamaon 1374Brenda Jepkoech Chepkonga 1375Macellar Apiyo Ogunyo 1376Caren Jerop 1377Irene Jebichii Konga 1378


APR - JUN 2018 41


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DIRECTORY OF CONSULTING QUANTITY SURVEYING FIRMS

AEGIS DEVELOPMENT SOLUTIONS LTD

Blue Violets Plaza, 6th Floor, Suite 603Kindaruma Road/Kamburu Drive Junction Off Ngong RoadP. O. Box 2861- 00100, Nairobi.Tel: 0722349922/0733633004Email: [email protected]

AMAZON CONSULTANTS LTD

Green House, 3rd Floor Suite 18Adams Arcade, off Ngong RoadP.O. Box 1756 – 00100, Nairobi.Tel: +254 20 3860839/40/2453081Mobile:+254 733-71403/0722-398215Email: [email protected]

ARCHBILL CONSULTANTS LTD

Blue Violets Plaza, Suite no. 305 Kamburu Drive, off Ngong RdP.O. Box 15703 - 00100, NairobiTel: +254 20 3875670 / 020 2323944 0734-569997/0712-250547Email: [email protected]

ARMSTRONG & DUNCAN

Adak House, Milimani RdP.O. Box 40426 – 00100, NairobiTel: +254 20 2722766/2163/4901/8328Fax: +254 20 2726366Email: [email protected]

ANKA CONSULTANTS

TRV PLAZA, Muthithi RoadP.O. Box 1834 – 00621, NairobiTel: +254 20 2115559Email: [email protected]

BARKER & BARTON (KENYA)

Triad House, Muthaiga RdP.O. Box 41643 - 00100, NairobiTel: +254 20 8076217/2655395Fax: +254 20 3740753E-mail: [email protected]

BILLS PARTNERSHIP LTD

Norfolk Tower, 2nd Floor, Block G, Kijabe SrtP.O. Box 27090 – 00100, NairobiTel: +254 20 3572724/5/6/7Email: [email protected]

BUNEI, MAUNGU AND ASSOCIATES

NHC Lang’ata Court, Block B1P.O. Box 58978-00200, NairobiTel: +254 20 2010797/2329465/2114034Mobile:+254 722-613796/0722-216829Email: [email protected]

BUILDNETT CONSULTANT LTD

Utumishi Co-operative House, 6th Floor, Mamlaka RoadP. O. Box 51305 – 00200, NairobiTel: +254 20 20231965, 0724 848182, 0722 818212Email: [email protected]

CIDIEF QUANTITY SURVEYORS

1st Floor, Mung’atia BuildingTom Mboya Street P. O. Box 1639 – 00200, MeruTel: + 254 64 66508/ 0722 313978Email: [email protected]

CONSTRUCTION COST CONSULTANCY

The MMID Studio Offices, Second Floor (2nd), Off Westlands RoadP.O. Box 76532 – 00508, NairobiTel: +254 20 3742738/254 722 203 883Email: [email protected]

COSTEK ALMA

Top Plaza, Kindaruma Road, Off Ngong Road5th floor, Office 5-03P.O Box 20852 -00202, KNH, NairobiTel: +254/20-2012843/2717571/2725732Cell: 0725-931514Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

COSTWISE ASSOCIATES

Golf Course, next to Madina Mosque CentreP.O. Box 1992 – 00100, NairobiTel: +254 20 2711340/0716-430969Email: [email protected]

COSTPLAN QUANTITY SURVEYORS LTD

Part of the ATVANTAGE GROUPNdama Place, Along Kabarnet Rd, Off Ngong RdP.O. Box 102238 – 00101, Nairobi Tel: +254 (0) 20 246 5648 | Cell: +254 (0) 722 214 308 / +254 (0) 736 214 308Email: [email protected]

COSTING MASTERS AND ASSOCIATES

Golf Course Commercial Center, 3rd FloorP.O. Box 6825-00200, NairobiTel: +254 20 2715874, Fax: +254 20 2721182Email:[email protected] / [email protected].

COST & VALUE MANAGEMENT

CONSULTANTS LTD

P.O. Box 555-00242, KitengelaTel: +254 734 600 483/ 0721 138569Email: [email protected]: www.costandvaluemgt.co.ke

DAVSON & WARD

Davard House, 5 Cedar Road, WestlandsP. O. BOX 46611-00100 GPO, NairobiTel: + 254 20 4440318/9/20/4448695Email: [email protected]: www.davsonward.co.ke

ECOSPACE CONSULTANTS

KCB Enterprise BuildingEnterprise Rd, Industrial AreaP.O. Box 74885 – 00200, NairobiTel: +254 20 555226/535751Email: [email protected]

ECOST DEVELOPMENT AFRICA

Ole Odume Rd, Monomotapa Court, Hse No. 5P. O. Box 2146 – 00202, NairobiTel: +254 20 3877757/2306665/0722 764462Email: [email protected]

E-SCAN PROJECTS LIMITED

Muthaiga Suites, Suite No. 5P.O. Box 33607 – 00600, NairobiMobile no. 0723-022702/0727-828260Email: [email protected]

GAIKONSULT

Bekim House, WestlandsP.O. Box 26365, NairobiTel: +254 20 3747002, Fax: +254 20 3749725Email: [email protected]

GETSO CONSULTANTS LTD

Muiri Lane, Opposite Galleria Mall, Karen.P.O. Box 52979 – 00200, NairobiTel: 020 2696500/020 2316997/0720 696500/ 0786 696501/0726491770Email: [email protected] • www.getso.co.ke

HAROLD R. FENWICK & ASSOCIATES

Sri Sathya Sai Centre, Waiyaki WayP.O. Box 14994 – 00800, NairobiTel: +254 20 4443131/2, Fax: +254 20 4443307Email: [email protected]

INTERGRATED YMR PARTNERSHIP

Lion Place, 4th Flr, Waiyaki WayP.O. Box 69641 - 00400, NairobiTel: +254 20 4445380/1, 0707 963094/0786 425729Email: [email protected]

INTEGRA CONSULTING QUANTITY SURVEYORS

Elysee Plaza, Kilimani Road, Off Elgeyo Marakwet RoadP.O. Box 27974 – 00100, NairobiTel: +254 20 2713061/ 0721-952364Email: [email protected]

INTERBILL CONSULTANTS

Embassy House, 2nd Flr, Harambee AveP.O. Box 17054 – 00100, NairobiTel: +254 20 2252203/ 223889Fax: +254 20 2342325Email: [email protected]

KANJUMBA CONSULTANTS

Westlands Arcade Bldg, 2nd Flr P.O. Box 14781 – 00800, NairobiTel: +254 20 4443591/ 2021302, 0733755747Fax: +254 20 4441693Email: [email protected]

KOMOS ASSOCIATES LTD

The Westery, 2nd floor Suite 2F.Mpesi Lane, Muthithi road, Westlands, P.O. Box 69721 – 00400, Nairobi Tel +254 20 3747152/0722-743815 Email: [email protected]


42 APR - JUN 2018


WWW.IQSKENYA.ORG

To get your consulting firm listed in the QS Journal, kindly contact the IQSK secretariat on: Tel: 0721 676 823/0786 676 824 • Email: [email protected]/[email protected]


LAUREZ & ASSOCIATES

Venice Court, Block B, No. 2, Off Menelik RoadP.O. Box 2439 - 00200, NairobiTel: +254 20 3860754, Fax: +254 20 3860753Email: [email protected]

MAK CONSULTANTS

Maendeleo Hse, 3rd FlrP.O. Box 41355 – 00100, NairobiTel: +254 20-2229529/020-3597400Email: [email protected]

MATHU & GICHUIRI ASSOCIATES

MGA Hse, WestlandsP.O. Box 14372 - 00800, NairobiTel: +254 20 3748934/6/8/41Fax: +254 20 3743408Email: [email protected]

MASTER-COST (K)

1st Floor, New Waumini House, WestlandsP. O. Box 13793 – 00800, NairobiTel: +254 20 4447455/0736-866571Fax: +254 20 4447198Email: [email protected]: www.master-cost.co.ke

MASTERBILL INTEGRATED PROJECTS

TRV Office Plaza, 7th Floor, Suite 7B58 Muthithi Road, WestlandsP.O. Box 22905 – 00400, NairobiTel: +254 20 3743346/3749409/3744719Mobile: +254 721-671395Email: [email protected] Website: www.miprojects.co.ke

MWASHINGA & ASSOCIATES

Moushmi Complex,Nyoka Rd. Nyali.P.O.Box 34099 - 80118, Nyali-MombasaTel: +254 41 470740/2615742/0722 673201Email: [email protected]

MML TURNER & TOWNSEND

2nd Floor, The Courtyard, General Mathenge Drive, Westlands P.O. Box 62899-00200, NairobiTel : +254 20 374490314Website: www.mmltt.com

M & M CONSTRUCTION CONSULTANTS

Golf View, Wambui Rd, Off Kiambu Road, Muthaiga, 7th Floor, suiteB7, P. O. Box 4677 - 00506, NairobiTel: +254 20 6550188/208Mobile: +254 722 758 000/720 633402/734 288070Email: [email protected]

OBRA INTERNATIONAL

Jameson Court, Block B Suite 6P. O. Box 3494 - 00200, NairobiTel: +254 20 2635947Mobile: +254 721-986 325/720-863098Email: [email protected]: www.obraint.co.ke

OORO & SANYA ASSOCIATES LTD

Marcus Garvey Rd, off Argwings Kodhek RdP.O. Box 55123 - 00200, NairobiTel: + 254 0710-207064/020 3861205/6/3865222Fax: +254 20 3868448Email: [email protected]

PRIMEBILL CONTRUCTION ADVISORS

Utumishi Co-op House, 6th Floor,Mamlaka Rd, Off Nyerere RdP.O. Box 23595-00100, NairobiTel: 020 350 3075, 0722 990286Email: [email protected], [email protected]

PREMIER CONSULTANTS

KMA Centre, 1st Floor Western Wing, Junction off Mara, Chyulu Road, UpperhillP. O. Box 8980 – 00300, NairobiTel: +254 20 2504522/733 735 875Email: [email protected]

PROCOSTS LTD

Garden Estate Stream Drive, House No. SD 98, Off Thika Highway/past Mountain Mall, NaivasP. O. Box 12024-00100, NairobiTel: +254 20 2324208/0771 005124Email: [email protected] Website: www.pcckenya.com

QUANTECH CONSULTANCY

MMID Studio 1st Floor No. 1 DWestlands Road, WestlandsP.O. Box 44660 – 00100, NairobiTel: +254 20 3746947/0721 526931Fax: +254 20 3746948Email: [email protected] Website: www.quantech.co.ke

QUANTSCONSULT

Morningside Office Park, Ngong RdP. O. Box 31728 – 00600, NairobiTel/Fax: +254 020 2081239Email: [email protected]

QUANTI-BILL CONSULT K. P. Flats, Suite No. 9, Milimani RdP.O. Box 34360 – 00100, NairobiTel/Fax: +254 20 2726971/0734-677951Email: [email protected]

QUEST CONSULTANTS LTD

Mwanzo Hse, 3rd FloorDunga Close Off, Dunga Rd, Industiral AreaP.O. Box 64283 – 00620, Tel: 020-557958/0722-317826Email: [email protected]

SAGE PROJECTS

Kipriko Court off Ngong Rd, Kabaranet RdP.O. Box 51654-00100, NairobiTel: 0722-952002, 0733-952002, 0723-825020Email: [email protected]

SHAQUE ASSOCIATES 5th Floor, Office No. 2. Western HeightsKaruna Road, WestlandsP.O.Box 14856 – 00800, NairobiTel: +254 20 4444 026Fax: +254 20 4444 097E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.shaqueassociates.com

SONGA OGODA & ASSOCIATES

45 Amboseli Road, LavingtonP.O. Box 54584 – 00200, NairobiTel: +254 20 3870563Fax: +254 20 3872510Email: [email protected]

SWIFTCOST CONSULTANTS LTD

Jumuia Place, 4th Floor, Lenana Road, P. O Box 570 – 00100, NairobiTel: +254 772 937 326, +254 020 357 9877Email: [email protected]: www.swiftcost.co.ke

TANA & ASSOCIATES LTD

Peponi Plaza, Westlands Unit C3, 2nd Flr,P. O. Box 52768 – 00200, NairobiTel: +254 20 3740510Fax: +254 20 3750789Email: [email protected]

QUANTYMAN ASSOCIATES LIMITED

Centenary house, Ring Road Westlands, 4th floor room 4b2P.O. Box 2262-00202 KNH, NairobiTel: 0717555351Email: [email protected]

TANDEM & STARK LTD

3rd Floor, East Wing, Suite 15The Greenhouse Ngong RoadP.O. Box 53328-00200, NairobiTel: +254 20 2318992/2055945Email: [email protected]: www.tandemandstark.com

TOM O. OKETCH & ASSOCIATES

Patom House, Mukinduri Lane, Lang’ataP. O. Box 67819 – 00200 City Square, NairobiTel: +254 20 2196313 Fax: +254 20 2196330Mobile: 0733-750368/0721-402902Email: [email protected]

ZIMAKI CONSULT

Lenana court off Lenana roadP O Box 8589 - 00100, NairobiTel: +254-20-8008648Off:+254-733121877Email: [email protected]

“Contracts & Claims Management for Construction Projects.”

THEME

THE ANDERSON CENTERLocated within The Nairobi Hospital (use Gate B of the Nairobi hospital or the gate right opposite Daystar University)

VENUE

DATES20TH & 21ST SEPTEMBER 2018

TOPICS TO BE COVERED• Presentation of Valid Claims• Prudent Contract Management• Dispute Resolving Methods

CHARGES

CPD POINTS

KSH. 10,000 for both days

10 CPD POINTS will be awarded by NCA to the participants.

CONTRACTORS EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM

Thursday 25th & Friday 26th October 2018

Sarova Whitesands Beach, Resort & Spa, Mombasa

AFFORDABLE HOUSING AGENDA - DECODING & INTERPRETATION

THEMEDATE

VENUE

CPD Points will be awarded to participants registered with BORAQS

CPD POINTS

CHARGES

• Kshs. 40,000 early birds (till 14th September)• Kshs. 45,000 regular tickets• Kshs. 50,000 at the door

• Kshs. 20,000 early birds (till 14th September)• Kshs. 25,000 regular tickets

To book your space call IQSK on 0721 676 823/0786 676 824 or visit our offices. Payments can be made to Mpesa Paybill no. 933450, Account no. 2018AS

IQSKANNUALSUMMIT

RATES INCLUDE CONFERENCE AND ACCOMMODATION

RATES INCLUDE CONFERENCE ONLY

Students to pay Kshs. 10,000 for conference only for 2 days

Arrivals on Wednesday 24th

official journal of the institute of quantity surveyors of ... · apr - jun 2018 3 the quantity...

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