ondas de choque: principios físicos · 2013. 4. 6. · “disintegration of kidney stones by shock...

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Antoni Morral Fernández Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna. Universitat Ramon Llull. Barcelona. Ondas de choque: Principios físicos

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Page 1: Ondas de choque: Principios físicos · 2013. 4. 6. · “Disintegration of kidney stones by shock waves seems to be a promising form of treatment that reduces the need for surgery”

Antoni Morral Fernández

Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna.

Universitat Ramon Llull. Barcelona.

Ondas de choque:

Principios físicos

Page 2: Ondas de choque: Principios físicos · 2013. 4. 6. · “Disintegration of kidney stones by shock waves seems to be a promising form of treatment that reduces the need for surgery”

Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna.

Universitat Ramon Llull. Barcelona.

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Santa Perpètua de Mogoda

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Inicio: Año 1999

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Cambio de Paradigma

Ondas de Choque

Modelo mecánico

Modelo biológico

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2 2 DESTRUIR

ROMPER

HACER PEDAZOS

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Extracorporeal shock wave therapy ( ESWT )

Effective in the destruction of kidney stones

Chaussy C, Schmiedt E, Jocham D, Brendl W, Forssmann B, Walther V.

First clinical experience with extracorporeally

induced destruction of kidney stones by shock waves.

J Urol. 1982 Mar;127(3):417-20

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“Disintegration of kidney

stones by shock waves seems

to be a promising form of

treatment that

reduces the need for surgery”.

Chaussy C, Brendel W, Schmiedt E. Extracorporeally induced destruction of

kidney stones by shock waves. Lancet. 1980 Dec 13;2(8207):1265-8.

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Haupt G, Haupt A, Ekkernkamp A, Gerety B, Chvapil M.

Influence of shock waves on fracture healing.

Urology. 1992 Jun;39(6):529-32.

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Loew M, Jurgowski W, Thomsen M.

[Effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy on

tendinosis calcarea of the shoulder. A preliminary report].

Urologe A. 1995 Jan;34(1):49-53. German.

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Military Medical Academy,

Sofia, Bulgaria.

Valchanou VD, Michailov P.

High energy shock waves in the treatment of delayed and

nonunion of fractures. Int Orthop. 1991;15(3):181-4.

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1 MPa = 10 bar

Rassweiler JJ, Knoll T, Köhrmann KU,.

Shock wave technology and application: an update. Eur Urol.

2011 May;59(5):784-96.Review.

A shock wave is an acoustic pulse, with a high peak

pressure and a short life cycle.

Shock wave. Physical characteristics

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Unidades de presión:

1Pa = 1 N/m2

1 Bar = 105 P

1Atm = 1,013 Bar

1 Atm = 760 mmHg

1MPa = 10 Atm

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Volar por debajo de la velocidad del sonido. 1224 Km/h

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Volar por encima de la velocidad del sonido. 1224 Km/h

Mach 1

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www.ismst.com

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Match 25

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Methods of shock wave generation

electrohydraulic Piezoelectric Electromagnetic Pneumatic

Ogden JA, Tóth-Kischkat A, Schultheiss R

Principles of shock wave therapy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001 Jun;(387):8-17.

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Unfocused extracorporeal shock wave therapy,

(electrohydraulic). Parabolic Reflector

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Electrohidráulica

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Piezo-eléctrica

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Electromagnetic

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Shock Wave Characteristics

• High peak pressure

• Steep rise

• Short time duration

• Low tensile wave components

Pre

ssure

Time

≈100 MPa (= 1000 bar)

≈10ns

≈300 ns

≈ 10 MPa

P(t)

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dttp

c

AE )(2

time

pre

ssu

re

100%

p(t)

p2(t)

Energy of Shock Waves

(mJ)

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dttp

cAE )(

1 2

Energy per Area

(mJ/mm2)

Energy Flux Density

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Large Area,

Energy per Area

Small Area,

Energy Flux Density, ED (mJ/mm2)

High ED

Low ED

Wess 2008

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1. Efectos directos sobre las zonas

con cambios de densidad

2. Cavitación

Efectos físicos producidos por ESWT.

Gerdesmeyer L, Maier M, Haake M, Schmitz C

Physical-technical principles of extracorporeal shockwave therapy

Orthopade. 2002 Jul;31(7):610-7

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1. Efectos directos sobre

las zonas con cambios

de densidad

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Reflexión y refracción

Dagrau F, Rénier M, Marchiano R, Coulouvrat F. Acoustic shock wave propagation

in a heterogeneous medium: a numerical simulation beyond the parabolic

approximation. J Acoust Soc Am. 2011 Jul;130(1):20-32.

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CAVITACIÓN

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ESWT. Physical characteristics

Rassweiler JJ, Knoll T, Köhrmann KU, McAteer JA, Chaussy C.

Shock wave technology and application: an update. Eur Urol.

2011 May;59(5):784-96. Epub 2011 Feb 23. Review.

1 MPa = 10 bar

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“Biological tissues may be more sensitive to negative pressure

than positive pressures.”

Ogden JA, Tóth-Kischkat A, Schultheiss R

Principles of shock wave therapy.

Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001 Jun;(387):8-17.

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Cavitation Bubbles

Pishchalnikov YA, Williams JC, McAteer JA. Bubble proliferation in the

cavitation field of a shock wave lithotripter. J Acoust Soc Am. 2011

Aug;130(2):EL87-93.

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Mecanismos de acción:

1.- Efecto directo: P+ A + dif. Densidad + reflexión

Fuerzas que actuan sobre la resistencia elástica de las zonas límite.

2.- Efecto indirecto: P- Cavitación

Kobayashi K, Kodama T, Takahira H. Shock wave-bubble interaction near

soft and rigid boundaries during lithotripsy: numerical analysis by the

improved ghost fluid method. Phys Med Biol. 2011 Oct 7;56(19):6421-40.

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Generador de Ondas de Choque

Radiales (rESWT)

1999

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Radial ESWT

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1. Focus

Focalizada Radial

Focus

Diferencias

hard shockwave soft shockwave

2. Focus

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Lohrer H, Nauck T, Dorn-Lange NV, Schöll J, Vester JC.

Comparison of radial versus focused extracorporeal shock waves in

plantar fasciitis using functional measures.

Foot Ankle Int 2010 Jan;31(1):1-9.

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Densidad de flujo energético:

Cantidad de energía transmitida por un impulso en una superficie de 1 mm2 .

Unidades ED: mJ / mm2

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Clasificación de las ondas de choque

según la densidad energética aplicada

Baja energía: < 0,2 mJ / mm²

Energía media: 0,2 - 0,4 mJ / mm²

Alta energía: > 0,4 mJ / mm²

Gerdesmeyer L, Maier M, Haake M, Schmitz C

Physical-technical principles of extracorporeal shockwave therapy

Orthopade. 2002 Jul;31(7):610-7

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Densidad energética

& objetivos terapéuticos

Pain Therapy

mJ/mm2

Lithotripsy

Osteotherapy

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2

Repair Potential of cells

low medium high

Source: Rompe,‘‘Extrakorporale Stosswellentherapie“

Energy flow density

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Mecanotransducción

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Jaalouk DE, Lammerding J. Mechanotransduction gone awry.

Nat Rev Mol CellBiol. 2009 Jan;10(1):63-73. Review.

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Force transmission between

the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the nucleus

Jaalouk DE, Lammerding J. Mechanotransduction gone awry.

Nat Rev Mol CellBiol. 2009 Jan;10(1):63-73. Review.