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The MDG Sanitation Challenge

Examples of Productive Sanitation Projects in Various

Regions

Cecilia Ruben, EcoSanRes Programme, SEIIFAD 29 January 2008

MDG 7 & Target 10Halve by the year 2015 the proportion

of people lacking sanitation

• App. 95,000 HHs need to be provided with sanitation every day – equal to 65 installations/minute

• SSAF: US$ 100M per year 2003-2015 or

$ 0.5 per capita per year

The Global Sanitation Challenge

• App 2.6 billion individuals are totally without sanitation

• App 2.7 billion individuals have pit latrines - inadequate in protecting human health & the environment

• More than 1 billion individuals have flush sanitation system, of which 70% is not properly treated

• 80 countries with 40% of the world pop. suffer from water shortage

PARADIGM SHIFT RE. SANITATION

Requires change in attitude for reuse of nutrients in a safe manner and the

recovery of treated greywater to the environment

Closing the Loop on Sanitation

Global Map of Ecosan InitiativesOn-line questionnaire and information at www.ecosanres.org

Ecological sanitation/productive sanitation is an approach that embracesmore than toilet provision

provides sanitation

protects human health

reduces environmental pollution

conserves water

reuses nutrients available in processed excreta

Pictures from Malawi

Arborloo

Shallow pit 60 cm - 80 cm wide and 1 metre deep

Concrete slab and super- structure are put in place

Soil and ash are added regularly to the pit in addition to excreta

When nearly full, slab and structure are moved to another pit and a tree is planted in the soil fills up the pit

Pictures from Malawi

Mozambique

Fossa alterna -shallow reinforced pit soil-composting toilet

Unit cost ca 20 USDmaterials and labour

Photo: Water Aid

Urine diverting toilet (UD)Urine and faces are not mixed Products are collected in separate containers for further

processing and use, as here in Malawi

ChinaGuangxi Region

double vaulturine-diversiondry toilet

Unit costca 50 USD

China

India – Kerala

double vaulturine-diversiondry toilet foranal cleansing

Evapotranspiration bed receives urine and anal wash water

UD Toilet and Separate Run-off for Anal Cleansing Water, India

UD/dry Toilet and a Wash Bowl for Anal Cleansing, Philippines

Sanitation installation for a household, Bolivia

Ample facilities for hygiene and washing in connection with the dry UD and double vault toilet

SwedenSweden

Urine-diversionUrine-diversiondouble flushdouble flushtoilettoilet

C

Secondary

treatment of

compost in

an ecostation,

Sweden

Compost from Human Excreta - appearance and texture of the final product depends to a large

extent on what is placed in the pit. Example from Malawi

Left: mix of composted faeces, urine and sandy soilRight: mix of composted faeces, urine, red soil and leaves

Geber’s Residential EstateStockholm, Sweden

UD/dry collection of faeces

Spreading Urine - Sweden

Photo Mats Johansson, VERNA

Greywater management – tests of filters and

systems for diffusion of water, Mexico

Children Leaders Women

Local capacity development in Mexico

SARAR / PHAST

MethodologyYouth Entrepreneurs

Toilet Users Get PaidMoney for Using the Public Ecosan Toilet at Musiri, TN, India, is

offered by NGO SCOPE in Trichy

EcoTown for 833 HHs, based on Ecosan Principles. A PPP Development in China,

where R&D was provided by ESR

Dongsheng, Erdos, Inner Mongolia, China

楼房及生态厕所剖面图

Solid Waste Source SeparationSolid Waste Source Separationwith collection of household organics with collection of household organics

Maize crop 31 Jan 2005, Epworth (Harare)Maize crop 31 Jan 2005, Epworth (Harare)untreated maize (left-side)untreated maize (left-side)urine-treated maize (right-side)urine-treated maize (right-side)

www.ecosanres.org

Cecilia RubenCommunications and Networking Manager

cecilia.ruben@sei.se

Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) at www.sei.se