opal-rt's international user...

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TRAN Q. Tuan

CEA – INES

Grenoble-Alpes University

[email protected]

OPAL-RT'S International

User Conference

TRAN Q. Tuan – CEA-INES

CEATech

Tech. Research (DRT)

4500 p, 550 M€/yr

500 patents/yr

10 research centers

16,000 persons

4,3 B€/yr budget

650 patents/yr

Solar Energy& Smart grid

Solar Energy

Solar PV, CSP,CPV

Smart Grid

Energetic efficiency

ElectricTransports

Electric Power

Batteries

Fuel Cells

Hybridation

Large area electronics

Nanomaterials

µ-sources

Energy recovery

Organic

electronics

Biomass& Hydrogen

Solid Storage

H2 Production

H2 Storage

Usages

INES: French National Institute for solar energy - Institut National de l’Energie Solaire (400 p)

Activities: Silicon; Solar cells; Solar modules; PV Systems; Solar mobility (Electric

Vehicle); Smart grids; Microgrids, Energy Storages & Buildings

CEA: Nuclear Energy and Alternative Energy Commission

Liten: Institut d'Innovationpour les

Technologies des Energies Nouvelleset les Nanomatériaux

CEA-Liten & INES


Large consumption

Nuclear pow er

plant

Thermal pow er

plantHydro-pow er plant

UHV/HV UHV/HV

HV/MVHV/MVHV/MV

MV/LV

MV/LV

Small industrial

Integration of PV system into grid

• Impacts, P-C unbalance

• Stability, protection…

• Challenges for managing

• However new opportunities

PV systems (PV):

- Intermittent sources- Non-controllable sources

- Difficult for forecasting

Need: Impact studies to find

solutions to:-Reduce these impacts

-Maintain a good operation

-Maximize PV contribution for ancillary services

Microgrid

Microgrid

Microgrid

MicrogridMicrogrid

MV/LV

PV systems integration into grids

In order to develop and evaluate

control strategies

=> Real-Time Simulation (RTS) is an excellent tool to do it


PV

Supervision

Real time simulator HILFlywheel

Low energy houses(BBC)

CEA /

INES

StoragesStoragesPower electronic lab

PV charging station for EV

Dieselgenset


OPAL-RT

GE 44 kVA

BESS – ZEBRA

EV station

InvertersStorages

Flywheel

PV simulator

Genset simulator

Battery simulator

Real PV system


Micro controller

PV inverterABB

Port

RS485

PVsimulator

DC

AC

Modbus RTU

SimulatorOPAL-RT

BESS InverterSOCOMEC

Port

RS485

batterie

DC

BatteriesBESS

BESS: Battery Energy Storage System

Puissance Plus

DC source

After evaluate proposed voltage control algorithm

with RTS, it is now implemented in a micro

controller.

BESS systems- Real BESS (Li-Ion, Lead

acid, ZEBRA…)- Simulator: OPAL-RT,

Krazer, Triphase …

PV systems- Real PV systems- Simulator: OPAL-RT,

PV simulator, Triphase …


2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

time (H)

Act

ive

and

reac

tive

pow

er o

f loa

d (k

W, k

VA

R) P_Load_N11a

Q_Load_N11a

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240

10

20

30

40

50

60

time (H)

Activ

e an

d re

activ

e po

wer

of l

oad

(kW

, kVA

R)

P_Load_N3_3P

Q_Load_N3_3P

Residential loads Commercial load

LV network modeled with RTS

Obj: To validate voltage control strategies of PV systems and BESS by using RT simulation (RTS)

9 houses with 1P-PV

systems1 commercial center

with 3P-system

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 240

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Time (H)

P-P

V (

kW

)

PV production


2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

time (H)

Vo

ltag

e (

pu

)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

time (H)

Act

ive

an

d r

ea

ctiv

e p

ow

er

of P

V in

vert

ers

(kW

, kV

AR

)

PV4b_2kW_RAA/PPV4b_2kW_RAA/QPV5c_1kW_RAA/PPV5c_1kW_RAA/QPV6a_2kW_RAA/PPV6a_2kW_RAA/QPV7c_3kW_RAA/P PV7c_3kW_RAA/QPV10b_3kW_RAA/PPV10b_3kW_RAA/QPV11a_3kW_RAA/PPV11a_3kW_RAA/QPV12a_1kW_RAA/PPV12a_1kW_RAA/QPV13b_1kW_RAA/PPV13b_1kW_RAA/QPV14b_2kW_RAA/PPV14b_2kW_RAA/Q

1.1 pu

0.9 pu

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 240.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

time (H)

Vo

ltag

e (

pu

)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

time (H)

Activ

e a

nd

re

activ

e p

ow

er

of P

V in

ve

rte

rs (

kW

, kV

AR

)

PV4b_2kW/PPV4b_2kW/QPV5c_1kW/PPV5c_1kW/QPV6a_2kW/PPV6a_2kW/QPV7c_3kW/PPV7c_3kW/QPV10b_3kW/PPV10b_3kW/QPV11a_3kW/PPV11a_3kW/QPV12a_1kW/PPV12a_1kW/QPV13b_1kW/PPV13b_1kW/QPV14c_2kW/PPV14c_2kW/Q

1.1 pu

0.9 pu

Overvoltage in high PV production & light load

Undervoltage in heavy load & no sun

Q = 0

With the proposed voltage control=> All voltage in limits

PV systems absorb Q

PV systems

provide Q


Time (H)

0 5 10 15 20

Volta

ge

( V)

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

1.15

Va

Vb

Vc

Time (H)

0 5 10 15 20 25

P&

Q(k

W,k

VA

R)

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P

Q

With the help of voltage control,

voltages are maintained in limits

Variation of active and reactive

power of PV inverter


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 240.85

0.9

0.95

1

1.05

1.1

Time (H)

Vo

ltag

e (

V)

V-without control

V-with control

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24-10

-5

0

5

10

15

Time (H)

P&

Q (

kW

,kV

AR

)

P

Q

With the help of voltage

control, voltages are

maintained in limits

Variation of active and

reactive power of BESS

inverter


PV

Inv 1

27.5 kW

PV

Inv 2

20 kW

PV

Inv 3

20 kW

70 kW, PV power plant

Real operation at SOREA

SOREA is a DSO company, 3MW PV, 10MW Hyd.

From control strategies evaluated by RTS.

These strategies are implemented in PV

inverters at SOREA


Without control, there are many disconnections of PV inverters

=> production lost, reduction of reliability

PV production from 24th May to 3rd June 2016


235,000

237,000

239,000

241,000

243,000

245,000

247,000

249,000

25/0

5/2

016 0

0:0

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 0

0:2

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 0

0:4

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 0

1:0

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 0

1:2

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 0

1:4

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 0

2:0

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 0

2:2

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 0

2:4

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 0

3:0

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 0

3:2

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 0

3:4

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

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4:0

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

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4:2

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

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4:4

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

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5:0

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

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5:2

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

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5:4

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

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6:0

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

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6:2

0:0

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25/0

5/2

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6:4

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

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0:0

0

25/0

5/2

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7:2

0:0

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25/0

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7:4

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25/0

5/2

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25/0

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8:2

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25/0

5/2

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8:4

0:0

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25/0

5/2

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9:0

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25/0

5/2

016 0

9:2

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 0

9:4

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

0:0

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

0:2

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

0:4

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

1:0

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

1:2

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

1:4

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

2:0

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

2:2

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

2:4

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

3:0

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

3:2

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

3:4

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

4:0

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

4:2

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

4:4

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

5:0

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

5:2

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 1

5:4

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

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6:0

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

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6:2

0:0

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25/0

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016 1

6:4

0:0

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25/0

5/2

016 1

7:0

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

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7:2

0:0

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25/0

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016 1

7:4

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

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8:0

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25/0

5/2

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9:2

0:0

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9:4

0:0

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25/0

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0:0

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0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 2

3:2

0:0

0

25/0

5/2

016 2

3:4

0:0

0

VoltageWith proposed voltage control =>

Voltage < 1.1 pu (254 V)

No more disconnections

-5,00

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

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Power (kW, kVAR)

P produit Absorbsion Q

Variation of active and reactive power


Micro controller

PV inverterABB

Port

RS485

PVsimulator

DC

AC

Modbus RTU

SimulatorOPAL-RT

BESS InverterSOCOMEC

Port

RS485

batterie

DC

BatteriesBESS

BESS: Battery Energy Storage System

Puissance Plus

DC source

After evaluate proposed smoothing control

algorithm with RTS, it is now implemented in a

micro controller.

BESS- Real BESS (Li-Ion, Lead

acid, ZEBRA…)- Simulator: OPAL-RT,

karcher, Triphase …

PV system- Real PV system- Simulator: OPAL-RT,

PV simulator, Triphase …


Time

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Po

we

r (W

)

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000Without smoothing

With smoothing

Without smoothing

With smoothing

Time

250 300 350 400 450 5001000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000Without smoothing

With smoothing

Po

we

r (W

)

With the help of

proposed control, the PV

production is smoothed

and fluctuations of PV

production are

improuved.


OPAL-RT Real Time Simulator

Grid

Inverters

PVs

Storages

Loads

Electric Vehicles

Distributed generationsProtections

Control systems…

HardwareModels

Power

system

simulated by

RT Lab

PV Inverter

Amplifier

Interface

Inputs/

Outputs

Measures

Controls

Flywheel

Inverters

& control

system

Protection

system

15 kW

300 kWs

Obj: To validate the participation of Flywheel system to voltage control, frequency control and

PV power smoothing by using real time simulation (RTS)


0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 240

5

10

15

20

25

Time (s)

P(kW

), Q

(kV

Ar) L

oa

d

P

QLoad variationPV production

40 kVA diesel 15 kWAC PV

Flywheel

Scenarios

Network modeled with RT

simulation

35 kW load


95 100 105 110 115 120 125 13049

49.25

49,5

49.75

50

50.25

50.5

50,75

Time (s)

Fre

qu

ency

(H

z)

Frequency without control (Hz)

Frequency with control (Hz)

95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130

-5 000-4000

-2500

0

2500

4500

Time (s)

Fly

wh

eel P

ow

er(W

)An intelligent frequency control strategy is proposed for the flywheel

Load is increased by +15%

Load is decreased by -15%

Active power provided by the flywheel

Active power absorbed by the flywheel

By using the proposed frequency control:

- Reduction of the frequency variation magnitude

- Reduction of the frequency variation speed.


0 150 300 450 600

-7,5

-5

-2,5

0

2,5

5

7,5

10

12,5

15

Pu

iss

an

ce

(k

W)

0 150 300 450 600-60-25

02560

Va

ria

tio

ns

(%

)

Temps (s)

Légende :

PPVmax

PPVmin

0 150 300 450 600

-7,5

-5

-2,5

0

2,5

5

7,5

10

12,5

15

Pu

iss

an

ce

(k

W)

0 150 300 450 6000

1000

3000

5600

(

tr/m

in)

0 150 300 450 600

-150-75

0

Ev

i (W

h)

0 150 300 450 600-60-25

02560

Va

ria

tio

ns

(%

)

Temps (s)

0 150 300 450 600

-7,5

-5

-2,5

0

2,5

5

7,5

10

12,5

15

Pu

iss

an

ce

(k

W)

0 150 300 450 6000

1000

3000

5600

(

tr/m

in)

0 150 300 450 600

-150-75

0

Ev

i (W

h)

0 150 300 450 600-60-25

02560

Va

ria

tio

ns

(%

)

Temps (s)

0 150 300 450 600

-7,5

-5

-2,5

0

2,5

5

7,5

10

12,5

15

Pu

iss

an

ce

(k

W)

0 150 300 450 6000

1000

3000

5600

(

tr/m

in)

0 150 300 450 600

-150-75

0

Ev

i (W

h)

0 150 300 450 600-60-25

02560

Va

ria

tio

ns

(%)

Temps (s)

Three control strategies to smoothPV intermittency are proposed

1) Slope limiter2) Low pass fliter3) Strategie associated with Speed


Microgrid of PRISMES platform (CEA/INES)

Load125 kVA

Load0 à 11 kW

Power

Communication

PC local control

PC remonte control

PV simulator

Inverter

Diesel Genset44 kVA

AC Bus

XtenderInverter

18 kW

Battery420 Ah/ 48V

Senarios:

PV system: 10 kWc

Max load: 17 kW

Min Load: 2.2 kW

P_Diesel: 20 kW

E_bat: 18 kWh

P_bat (charge): 6 kW

P_Bat (Dis.): -6 kW

Test time : 2h


Objectif Fonction :

𝑪 =

𝒕=𝟏

𝑻

𝒊=𝟏

𝑵𝑫𝑮

𝑪𝑫𝒊𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒊 𝑷𝑫𝒊𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒊 𝒕 ,𝑿𝑫𝒊𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒊 𝒕 + 𝑺𝑹𝑻𝒊(𝑿𝑫𝒊𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒊 𝒕 − 𝟏 ,𝑿𝑫𝒊𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒊 𝒕 )

• Variables : 𝑃𝐷𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑖, 𝑋𝐷𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑖, 𝑃𝑏𝑎𝑡, 𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑣.

𝑪𝑫𝒊𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒊 𝒕 = 𝑪𝒇𝒖𝒆𝒍 ∗ (𝑪𝟐 ∗ 𝑷𝑫𝒊𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒊 𝒕 + 𝑪𝟏 ∗ 𝑷𝑫𝒊𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒎𝒂𝒙𝒊 𝒕 ) ∗ 𝑿𝑫𝒊𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒊(𝒕)

• Constraintes :

𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑣+ 𝑋𝐷𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑖 ∗ 𝑃𝐷𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑖= 𝑃𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑0 ≤ 𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑣 ≤ 𝑃𝑝𝑣

𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≤ 𝑃𝑏𝑎𝑡 ≤ 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑆𝑂𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≤ 𝑆𝑂𝐶𝑏𝑎𝑡 ≤ 𝑆𝑂𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥

𝑃𝐷𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≤ 𝑃𝐷𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑖 ≤ 𝑃𝐷𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑖

𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∀ 𝑖, 𝑡

𝑋𝐷𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑖 , 𝑋𝐷𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑗 ≠ 0,0

• Dynamic programming is used


Power variation (Testing)Power variation (Simulation with dynamic programming)

Battery

Bidirectional

inverter

AC Bus

Load

Diesel generator PV array

inverter

˜=

EMS

800 1600 2400 3200 4000 4800 5600 6400 7200-5

0

5

10

15

20

Time [s]

Po

wer

[kW

]

PLOAD forecast

PPV forecast

PINV optimal

PDiesel optimal

PBatt optimal

800 1600 2400 3200 4000 4800 5600 6400 7200-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

Time [s]

Po

we

r [k

W]

PLOAD measured

PPV measured

PINV measured

PDiesel measured

PBatt measured

It shows that test results are accorded with the simulation results


800 1600 2400 3200 4000 4800 5600 6400 7200226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

Time [s]

Vo

ltag

e[V

]

V1 measured

V2 measured

V3 measured

800 1600 2400 3200 4000 4800 5600 6400 720049

49.5

50

50.5

51

Time [s]

Fre

qu

en

cy[H

z]

Frequency measured

After these tests, proposed

strategies are tranfered to

Brkina Faso

Frequency and voltages are

maintained in limits

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