Open access policies: An overview.

Copyright management

Iryna Kuchma, eIFL Open Access program manager, eIFL.net

Presented at Open Access: Maximising Research Quality and Impact workshop, October 22, 2009, the University of Latvia

DriversKnowledge economy

E-science, E-research, Virtual Learning Environment

Accountability and Assessment

Freedom of information

(based on Open Access Policies: An Overview by DOpen Access Policies: An Overview by David Prosser, SPARC Europe Director: http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/training/2009-nepal/10-david-prosser)

Lisbon Agenda

In March 2000, the EU Heads of States and Governments

agreed their aim to make the EU ‘the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-driven

economy by 2010’.

(from Open Access Policies: An Overview by DOpen Access Policies: An Overview by David Prosser, SPARC Europe Director : http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/training/2009-nepal/10-david-prosser)

Lisbon Agenda 2

One of the key strategic means of achieving this goal was identified as

‘preparing the transition to a knowledge-based economy and society

by better policies for the information society and R&D…’

and specifically increasing investment in R&D to 3% of GDP

(from Open Access Policies: An Overview by DOpen Access Policies: An Overview by David Prosser, SPARC Europe Director : http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/training/2009-nepal/10-david-prosser)

Lisbon Agenda 3

In a post-industrial economy there is increasing acknowledgement

of the relationship between:

Investment in R&DAccess to knowledgeTechnology transfer

Wealth creation

(from Open Access Policies: An Overview by DOpen Access Policies: An Overview by David Prosser, SPARC Europe Director : http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/training/2009-nepal/10-david-prosser)

European Commission

EC pilot launched in August 2008 to give OA to results

from approximately 20% of projects from the 7th Research Framework Programme (FP7) -

especially in health, energy, environment, social sciences and information and communication

technologies.

(from Open Access Policies: An Overview by DOpen Access Policies: An Overview by David Prosser, SPARC Europe Director : http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/training/2009-nepal/10-david-prosser)

European Commission 2Grantees required to:

deposit peer reviewed research articles or final manuscripts

resulting from their FP7 projects into an online repository,

with either six or twelve month embargo

(depending on subject area)

(from Open Access Policies: An Overview by DOpen Access Policies: An Overview by David Prosser, SPARC Europe Director : http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/training/2009-nepal/10-david-prosser)

ERCIn December 2007

the The European Research Council (ERC) issued Guidelines for Open Access

and the ERC Scientific Council has established the following interim position on open

access:All peer-reviewed publications

from ERC-funded research projects be deposited on publication into an appropriate

research repository where available and subsequently made Open Access within 6 months of

publication. (from Open Access Policies: An Overview by DOpen Access Policies: An Overview by David Prosser, SPARC Europe Director :

http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/training/2009-nepal/10-david-prosser)

ERC 2

The ERC is keenly aware of the desirability to shorten

the period between publication and open access

beyond the currently accepted standard of 6 months

(from Open Access Policies: An Overview by DOpen Access Policies: An Overview by David Prosser, SPARC Europe Director : http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/training/2009-nepal/10-david-prosser)

EUROHORCsAll the major public funding agencies

in 23 European countries are members of European Heads of Research Councils

(EUROHORCs)In May 2008 the General Assembly of EUROHORCs agreed

to recommend a minimal standard regarding Open Access to its Member Organisations. The

proposed minimal standard is an intermediate step towards a system in which free access to all scientific information is guaranteed without jeopardizing the

system of peer review, quality control, and long-term preservation.

(from Open Access Policies: An Overview by DOpen Access Policies: An Overview by David Prosser, SPARC Europe Director : http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/training/2009-nepal/10-david-prosser)

EUROHORCs 2It encourages its members

to reduce embargo time to not more than six months and later to zero.

All MOs of EUROHORCs should sign the Berlin Declaration on Open Access

(2003). … all scientists, either funded by or doing research for

MOs, should be informed about the already existing mechanisms

for Open Access and strongly advised to make use of them.

(from Open Access Policies: An Overview by DOpen Access Policies: An Overview by David Prosser, SPARC Europe Director : http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/training/2009-nepal/10-david-prosser)

Berlin Declaration‘Our mission of disseminating knowledge is only half

complete if the information is not made widely and readily available to society.’

Signatories should promote open access byencouraging researchers/grant recipients

to publish in open access.

encouraging the holders of cultural heritage to support open access by providing their resources

on the Internet.http://www.zim.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/berlindeclaration.html

(from Open Access Policies: An Overview by DOpen Access Policies: An Overview by David Prosser, SPARC Europe Director : http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/training/2009-nepal/10-david-prosser)

Berlin Declaration 2developing means

to evaluate open access contributions and online-journals

in order to maintain the standards of quality assurance and good scientific practice.

advocating that open access publication be recognized in promotion

and tenure evaluation.

(from Open Access Policies: An Overview by DOpen Access Policies: An Overview by David Prosser, SPARC Europe Director : http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/training/2009-nepal/10-david-prosser)

Berlin Declaration 3Issued on 22nd October 2003

260 signatories world-wide, including funding bodies and institutions

http://www.zim.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/berlindeclaration.html

(from Open Access Policies: An Overview by DOpen Access Policies: An Overview by David Prosser, SPARC Europe Director : http://www.eifl.net/cps/sections/services/eifl-oa/training/2009-nepal/10-david-prosser)

OA policy optionsOpen access policy options

for funding agencies and universities

(Based on The SPARC Open Access Newsletter, issue #130 and The SPARC Open Access Newsletter, issue #127,

by Peter Suber: http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/newsletter/02-02-09.htm

and http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/newsletter/11-02-08.htm)

Request or require?Recommendation: If you're serious

about achieving open access for the research you fund,

you must require it.

Green or gold?Recommendation:

If you decide to request and encourage open access,

rather than a mandate it, then you can encourage submission

to an open access journal and encourage deposit in an open access repository as

well, especially when researchers publish in a toll access

journal.

Green or gold? 2Recommendation:

But if you decide to mandate open access,

then you should require deposit in an open access repository,

and not require submission to an open access journal,

even if you also encourage submission to an open access journal.

Deposit what?Recommendation:

Require the deposit of the final version of the author's peer-reviewed

manuscript, not the published version. Require the deposit of data

generated by the funded research project. In medicine and the social sciences, where privacy is an

issue, open access data should be anonymised. A peer-reviewed manuscript in an open access

repository should include a citation and link to the published edition.

Deposit what? 2Recommendation: Allow the deposit

of unrefereed preprints, previous journal articles, conference presentations (slides, text, audio, video), book manuscripts, book metadata (especially when the author cannot or will not deposit the full-text), and the contents of journals edited or published on

campus. The university itself could consider other categories as

well, such as open courseware, administrative records, and digitization projects from the library,

theses and dissertations

Scope of policy?Recommendation:

For simplicity and enforceability, follow the example of most funding agencies:

apply your open access policy to research you fund "in whole or in part"

What embargo?Recommendation:

No more than six months. Any embargo is a compromise

with the public interest; even when they are justified compromises,

the shorter they are, the better.

What exceptions?Recommendation:

Exempt private notes and records not intended for publication.

Exempt classified research. Either exempt patentable discoveries or allow an

embargo long enough for the researcher to apply for a patent. (This could be a special embargo not

allowed to other research.) And unless you fund research, which often results in

royalty-producing books, exempt royalty-producing books.

Thanks to the SHERPA TeamEspecially

Peter Millington, Technical Development Officerfor the slides

Managing rights for OAAs content producers

(responsible for licensing- out), universities need to deal with ownership of

rights in material produced by academics, researchers etc: rights to be granted to others publishers;

users and re-users

Permissions

Copyright ManagementEnsuring that your IR team liaising with the author

is informed and up-to-date on self-archiving and related publisher policies

Utilising and monitoring tools such as Sherpa/RoMEO to support you in your information.

f. Liaising with publishers on a case by case basis if time and resources allow

From Proudman, V. (2007) The population of repositories. In Eds. K. Weenink, L.Waaijers and K. van Godtsenhoven, A DRIVER's Guide to European Repositories (pp.49 - 101)

Repository Deposit Licenseensures that depositors own copyright

in the material they are depositing or have permission from the copyright owner

to deposit;

and grants to the repository the necessary rights

to make the material available to end-users

(from A Guide to Developing Open Access Through Your Digital Repository by Kylie Pappalardo and Dr Anne Fitzgerald, Open Access to Knowledge Law Project: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/archive/00009671/01/9671.pdf)

Author Distribution AgreementDo you want to provide a facility

to enable authors to enter into an Author Distribution Agreement with end-users,

for example by attaching a Creative Commons license to their work?

Require end-users to agree (through a click-wrap agreement)

to the terms of the Author Distribution Agreement or the Repository Distribution (End-User) Agreement

(from A Guide to Developing Open Access Through Your Digital Repository by Kylie Pappalardo and Dr Anne Fitzgerald, Open Access to Knowledge Law Project: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/archive/00009671/01/9671.pdf)

Creative Commons

FAQIs open access compatible with copyright?

Completely. Copyright law gives the copyright holder

the right to make access open or restricted, and we seek to put copyright in the hands of authors or institutions that will consent to make access open.

(From the Budapest Open Access Initiative: Frequently Asked Questions http://www.

earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm)

FAQ 2If articles are easily available,

then plagiarism will be made easier? On the contrary.

Open access might make plagiarism easier to commit, for people trolling for text to cut and paste.

But for the same reason, open access makes plagiarism more hazardous to commit. Insofar as open access makes plagiarism

easier, it's only for plagiarism from open access sources. But plagiarism from open access sources is

the easiest kind to detect.” (From Open access and quality written by Peter Suber, SPARC Open Access Newsletter, issue #102, October 2,

2006: http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/newsletter/10-02-06.htm#quality)

FAQ 3“In fact, plagiarism is diminished as a problem.

It is far easier to detect if the original, date-stamped material is freely accessible to all, rather than being hidden in an obscure journal.”

(From the Open Access Frequently Asked Questions, DRIVER — Digital Repository Infrastructure Vision for European Research

http://www.driver-support.eu/faq/oafaq.html)

FAQ 4“It is easier to detect simple plagiarism with electronic than with printed text

by using search engines or other services to find identical texts.

For more subtle forms of misuse, the difficulties of detection are no greater

than with traditional journal articles. Indeed, metadata tagging, including new ways of tracking the provenance of electronic data and text,

promise to make it easier.” (From JISC Opening up Access to Research Results: Questions and Answers,

http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/QandA-Doc-final.pdf)

http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/programmes/plagiarism/archive/detection.aspx

Thank you!Questions?

Iryna Kuchmairyna.kuchma[at]eifl.net; www.eifl.net

The presentation is licensed with Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License