optix 500 huawei

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE OpticalTransmission SystemV100R005C00

Product Description

Issue 02

Date 2011-04-15

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2011. All rights reserved.No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior writtenconsent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders. NoticeThe purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and thecustomer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within thepurchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representationsof any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in thepreparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, andrecommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.Address: Huawei Industrial Base

Bantian, LonggangShenzhen 518129People's Republic of China

Website: http://www.huawei.com

Email: [email protected]

Issue 02 (2011-04-15) Huawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

i

http://www.huawei.com

mailto:[email protected]

About This Document

Product VersionThe following table lists the product versions applicable to this documentation.

Product Name Product Version

OptiX OSN 500 V100R005C00

iManager U2000 V100R003C00

Intended AudienceThis document describes the OptiX OSN 500 in terms of network application, function, hardwarearchitecture, software architecture, features, and technical specifications.

This document is intended for the following engineers:

l Network planning engineers

l Data configuration engineers

l System maintenance engineers

Symbol ConventionsThe symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.

Symbol Description

Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if notavoided, will result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, whichif not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE Optical TransmissionSystemProduct Description About This Document


iii

Symbol Description

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if notavoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss,performance degradation, or unexpected results.

Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or savetime.

Provides additional information to emphasize or supplementimportant points of the main text.

GUI ConventionsConvention Meaning

Boldface Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles arein boldface. For example, click OK.

> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">" signs.For example, choose File > Create > Folder.

Change HistoryUpdates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue containsall updates made in previous issues.

Updates in Issue 02 (2011-04-15)This document of the V100R005C00 version is of the second release. The updated contents areas follows.

l Changed the slot valid for a CSHD board from slot 1 to slot 2.

Updates in Issue 01 (2011-02-20)Initial formal release.

About This Document

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE Optical TransmissionSystem

Product Description

iv Huawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Contents

About This Document...................................................................................................................iii

1 Product Positioning and Features...........................................................................................1-11.1 Product Positioning and Networking Application..........................................................................................1-21.2 Product Features .............................................................................................................................................1-2

2 Quick Reference.........................................................................................................................2-1

3 Product Architecture..................................................................................................................3-13.1 System Architecture........................................................................................................................................3-23.2 Hardware Structure.........................................................................................................................................3-33.3 Software Architecture.....................................................................................................................................3-7

3.3.1 Overview of Software Architecture.......................................................................................................3-73.3.2 Communication Protocols and Interfaces..............................................................................................3-83.3.3 Board Software.......................................................................................................................................3-83.3.4 NE Software...........................................................................................................................................3-83.3.5 NMS Software........................................................................................................................................3-9

4 Functions and Features..............................................................................................................4-14.1 Service Support...............................................................................................................................................4-2

4.1.1 Native Ethernet Services........................................................................................................................4-24.1.1.1 Point-to-Point Transparently Transmitted E-Line Service..................................................................4-34.1.1.2 VLAN-based E-Line Services.............................................................................................................4-44.1.1.3 QinQ-Based E-Line Services..............................................................................................................4-54.1.1.4 E-LAN Services Based on the 802.1d Bridge.....................................................................................4-94.1.1.5 E-LAN Services Based on 802.1q Bridge.........................................................................................4-104.1.1.6 E-LAN Services Based on 802.1ad Bridge.......................................................................................4-114.1.2 ETH PWE3 Services............................................................................................................................4-134.1.3 CES Services........................................................................................................................................4-144.1.4 ATM/IMA Services..............................................................................................................................4-15

4.2 Protection Support.........................................................................................................................................4-174.2.1 MPLS APS...........................................................................................................................................4-174.2.2 PW APS................................................................................................................................................4-184.2.3 MSTP...................................................................................................................................................4-194.2.4 ERPS....................................................................................................................................................4-234.2.5 LPT.......................................................................................................................................................4-24

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE Optical TransmissionSystemProduct Description Contents


v

4.2.6 LAG......................................................................................................................................................4-254.3 Maintenance..................................................................................................................................................4-26

4.3.1 MPLS OAM.........................................................................................................................................4-264.3.2 ETH-OAM...........................................................................................................................................4-274.3.3 ATM OAM...........................................................................................................................................4-284.3.4 RMON..................................................................................................................................................4-29

4.4 Synchronization.............................................................................................................................................4-304.4.1 Synchronous Ethernet Clock................................................................................................................4-304.4.2 IEEE 1588v2........................................................................................................................................4-304.4.3 CES ACR.............................................................................................................................................4-31

5 Operation and Maintenance....................................................................................................5-15.1 License Control...............................................................................................................................................5-25.2 DCN................................................................................................................................................................ 5-25.3 Equipment Maintenance..................................................................................................................................5-35.4 Upgrade Methods............................................................................................................................................5-5

6 Technical Specifications...........................................................................................................6-16.1 General Specifications.....................................................................................................................................6-26.2 Function/Feature Indicators.............................................................................................................................6-36.3 Power Consumption and Weight of Each Board............................................................................................ 6-86.4 Optical Port Specifications..............................................................................................................................6-96.5 Electrical Port Specifications..........................................................................................................................6-96.6 Optical/Electrical Module Specifications......................................................................................................6-106.7 Indicator Status Explanation.........................................................................................................................6-126.8 Safety Certification.......................................................................................................................................6-156.9 Environmental Specifications.......................................................................................................................6-15

6.9.1 Storage Environment............................................................................................................................6-166.9.2 Transportation Environment................................................................................................................6-186.9.3 Operation Environment........................................................................................................................6-20

7 Energy Saving and Environmental Protection.....................................................................7-1

8 Standard Compliance................................................................................................................8-18.1 ITU-T Recommendations................................................................................................................................8-28.2 IETF Standards................................................................................................................................................8-38.3 IEEE Standards............................................................................................................................................... 8-58.4 Environment Related Standards......................................................................................................................8-68.5 MEF Standards................................................................................................................................................8-78.6 ATM Standards...............................................................................................................................................8-7

A Glossary..................................................................................................................................... A-1A.1 Numerics........................................................................................................................................................A-3A.2 A....................................................................................................................................................................A-3A.3 B....................................................................................................................................................................A-5

Contents


Product Description

vi Huawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

A.4 C....................................................................................................................................................................A-6A.5 D....................................................................................................................................................................A-9A.6 E...................................................................................................................................................................A-10A.7 F...................................................................................................................................................................A-12A.8 G..................................................................................................................................................................A-14A.9 H..................................................................................................................................................................A-14A.10 I..................................................................................................................................................................A-15A.11 J..................................................................................................................................................................A-16A.12 L.................................................................................................................................................................A-16A.13 M................................................................................................................................................................A-18A.14 N................................................................................................................................................................A-19A.15 O................................................................................................................................................................A-20A.16 P.................................................................................................................................................................A-21A.17 Q................................................................................................................................................................A-23A.18 R................................................................................................................................................................A-23A.19 S.................................................................................................................................................................A-25A.20 T.................................................................................................................................................................A-28A.21 U................................................................................................................................................................A-29A.22 V................................................................................................................................................................A-30A.23 W...............................................................................................................................................................A-30

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE Optical TransmissionSystemProduct Description Contents


vii

Figures

Figure 1-1 Product positioning and typical application of the OptiX OSN 500..................................................1-2Figure 3-1 Block diagram.....................................................................................................................................3-2Figure 3-2 General architecture of software.........................................................................................................3-8Figure 4-1 Typical application of service model 1...............................................................................................4-4Figure 4-2 Model of VLAN-based E-Line services.............................................................................................4-5Figure 4-3 Typical application of service model 1...............................................................................................4-7Figure 4-4 Typical application of service model 2...............................................................................................4-8Figure 4-5 Typical application of service model 3...............................................................................................4-8Figure 4-6 Typical application of service model 4...............................................................................................4-9Figure 4-7 Model of E-LAN services based on the 802.1d bridge....................................................................4-10Figure 4-8 Model of E-LAN services based on 802.1q bridge..........................................................................4-11Figure 4-9 Model of E-LAN services based on 802.1ad bridge.........................................................................4-13Figure 4-10 E-Line services carried by PWs .....................................................................................................4-14Figure 4-11 UNI-NNI CES services..................................................................................................................4-15Figure 4-12 Typical application of ATM PWE3 (in the one-to-one encapsulation mode)................................4-16Figure 4-13 Typical application of ATM PWE3 (in the N-to-one encapsulation mode)...................................4-16Figure 4-14 Application example of MPLS APS...............................................................................................4-18Figure 4-15 Application example of PW APS...................................................................................................4-19Figure 4-16 Diagram of the STP........................................................................................................................4-20Figure 4-17 Limitations of the STP/RSTP.........................................................................................................4-21Figure 4-18 Improvement in the MSTP.............................................................................................................4-22Figure 4-19 Typical Application of the MSTP on the OptiX OSN 500.............................................................4-23Figure 4-20 Implementation of the ERPS..........................................................................................................4-24Figure 4-21 Typical application of LPT.............................................................................................................4-25Figure 4-22 Link aggregation group..................................................................................................................4-26Figure 4-23 Application of IEEE 802.1ag OAM and IEEE 802.3ah OAM.......................................................4-28Figure 4-24 Typical application of ATM OAM.................................................................................................4-29Figure 4-25 Time synchronization of NodeBs implemented by the IEEE 1588v2 standard.............................4-31Figure 4-26 CES ACR clock solution................................................................................................................4-32Figure 6-1 Typical board configurations of the OptiX OSN 500.........................................................................6-2

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE Optical TransmissionSystemProduct Description Figures


ix

Tables

Table 2-1 Overview of the OptiX OSN 500.........................................................................................................2-1Table 2-2 OptiX OSN 500 functions and features............................................................................................... 2-3Table 3-1 Function units of the OptiX OSN 500..................................................................................................3-2Table 3-2 Boards supported by the OptiX OSN 500............................................................................................3-4Table 3-3 Description of labels............................................................................................................................ 3-6Table 4-1 Point-to-point transparently transmitted E-Line service model...........................................................4-3Table 4-2 Models of VLAN-based E-Line services.............................................................................................4-5Table 4-3 Models of QinQ-based E-Line Services.............................................................................................. 4-6Table 4-4 Model of E-LAN services based on the 802.1d bridge........................................................................4-9Table 4-5 Model of E-LAN services based on 802.1q bridge............................................................................4-10Table 4-6 Models of E-LAN services based on 802.1ad bridge.........................................................................4-12Table 5-1 Version-specific license that the OptiX OSN 500 supports.................................................................5-2Table 5-2 DCN solutions supported by the OptiX OSN 500...............................................................................5-3Table 5-3 Maintenance functions that the OptiX OSN 500 supports...................................................................5-4Table 5-4 Upgrade methods available for the OptiX OSN 500........................................................................... 5-6Table 6-1 General specifications of the OptiX OSN 500.....................................................................................6-2Table 6-2 OptiX OSN 500 functions and features............................................................................................... 6-3Table 6-3 Power consumption and weight of boards supported by the OptiX OSN 500.....................................6-8Table 6-4 Specifications of OptiX OSN 500's GE optical ports.......................................................................... 6-9Table 6-5 Specifications of OptiX OSN 500's CES/ATM/IMA service electrical ports...................................6-10Table 6-6 Specifications of OptiX OSN 500's Ethernet electrical ports............................................................6-10Table 6-7 Definitions of indicators supported by the boards on the OptiX OSN 500.......................................6-12Table 6-8 Safety certifications that the OptiX OSN 500 has passed..................................................................6-15Table 6-9 Climate requirements for the storage environment............................................................................6-16Table 6-10 Density requirements for mechanical active substances during storage..........................................6-17Table 6-11 Density requirements for chemically active substances during storage...........................................6-17Table 6-12 Limitations for mechanical stress during storage.............................................................................6-18Table 6-13 Climate requirements for the transportation environment...............................................................6-18Table 6-14 Density limitations for mechanically active substances during transportation................................6-19Table 6-15 Density limitations for chemically active substances......................................................................6-19Table 6-16 Mechanical stress requirements for the transportation environment...............................................6-20Table 6-17 Requirements for temperature and humidity....................................................................................6-21Table 6-18 Other climate requirements..............................................................................................................6-21

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE Optical TransmissionSystemProduct Description Tables


xi

Table 6-19 Density limitations for mechanically active substances during operation.......................................6-21Table 6-20 Density limitations for chemically active substances......................................................................6-22Table 6-21 Limitations for mechanical stress during operation.........................................................................6-22Table 8-1 ITU-T recommendations......................................................................................................................8-2Table 8-2 IETF standards.....................................................................................................................................8-3Table 8-3 IEEE standards.....................................................................................................................................8-5Table 8-4 Environment related standards.............................................................................................................8-6Table 8-5 MEF standards.....................................................................................................................................8-7Table 8-6 ATM standards.....................................................................................................................................8-7

Tables


Product Description

xii Huawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

1 Product Positioning and Features

About This Chapter

The OptiX OSN 500 is of a pure packet architecture, and supports a variety of service accessmodes. It completes Huawei's optical transmission system, and sharpens the competitive edgesof Huawei's optical transmission products.

1.1 Product Positioning and Networking ApplicationThis section describes the product positioning and networking application.

1.2 Product FeaturesThis section describes the equipment features in terms of structure, technology, and networking.

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE Optical TransmissionSystemProduct Description 1 Product Positioning and Features


1-1

1.1 Product Positioning and Networking ApplicationThis section describes the product positioning and networking application.

The OptiX OSN 500 is used at the access layer of a transmission network, supporting the Multi-protocol label switched-transport profile (MPLS-TP) technology. For its product positioningand typical application, see Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1 Product positioning and typical application of the OptiX OSN 500

Packet network

OptiX OSN 500 BTSNodeB BSCRNC

FECES E1

FE

FE

FE/GE

FE

ATM/IMA E1

CES E1ATM/IMA E1

CES E1

FE/GE

OptiX OSN 3500

ConvergencenodeAccess layer

Convergence/Backbone layer

FE/GE

FE/GE

1.2 Product FeaturesThis section describes the equipment features in terms of structure, technology, and networking.

Simple Architecture and High IntegrationThe OptiX OSN 500 is a type of case-shaped equipment. The dimensions of the chassis are: 44mm (H) x 442 mm (W) x 220 mm (D) Of a simple architecture and high integration, the OptiXOSN 500 can be installed in the following ways:

l Cabinet-mounting (ETSI cabinet and 19-inch cabinet)l Wall-mountingl Desk-mounting

Pure Packet Architecture and Multi-Service Transmission SupportThe OptiX OSN 500 supports service bearing in the packet domain. The solution can improvebased on the service changes that take place due to radio mobile network evolution. Therefore,

1 Product Positioning and Features


Product Description

1-2 Huawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

this solution can meet the transmission requirements of not only 2G and 3G networks, but alsothe future LTE and 4G networks.

CES and ATM/IMA Service Support and Flexible NetworkingThe OptiX OSN 500 supports the circuit emulation service (CES) technology, allowing directtransmission of TDM E1 services in the packet domain.

ATM is a connection-oriented, fast packet switching technology. Integrating the advantages ofcircuit switching with those of packet switching, ATM is a standard broadband ISDN (B-ISDN)transfer mode. Inverse multiplexing for ATM (IMA) is a technology that implements inversemultiplexing for ATM.

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE Optical TransmissionSystemProduct Description 1 Product Positioning and Features


1-3

2 Quick Reference

This section describes the product overview, including product photos, hardware, software, andfunctions and features.

Table 2-1 lists the overview of the OptiX OSN 500.

Table 2-1 Overview of the OptiX OSN 500

Item Description

Appearance

Board CSHD/MD1/EM6T/EM6F/PIU/FAN

PacketFunctionandFeature

See Table 2-2.

SwitchingCapacity

7.2 Gbit/s

Management portsandauxiliaryports

Interface Type Description Connector

Clock port 120-ohm externalclock port, which canwork in 2048 kbit/smode or 2048 kHzmode.

RJ-45

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE Optical TransmissionSystemProduct Description 2 Quick Reference


2-1

Item Description

Time port/Portfor monitoring anoutdoor cabinet

The port for monitoringan outdoor cabinet andthe time port share oneexternal port.l Time port: time

reference outputport, whichsupports 1PPS(second pulse) andtime information.Both the 1PPS portand time serial portadopt the RS-422level.

l Port for monitoringan outdoor cabinet:one port forconnecting to anoutdoor cabinet

RJ-45

Power supplyport

Power supply portconnecting to two-48/-60 V DC powersupplies

4-pin terminal block

Networkmanagement port

Ethernet NM port/NMserial port, which isconnected to thenetwork managementsystem (NMS)

RJ-45

Alarm input/output port

Alarm input/output RJ-45

2 Quick Reference


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Table 2-2 OptiX OSN 500 functions and features

Item

Description

MPLSsupportcapability

The packet switching unit of the CSHD board works with a service board to implementMPLS functions.l Setup mode: static LSPsl Protection: 1:1 MPLS tunnel APSl OAM:

– Supports MPLS OAM that complies with ITU-T Y.1711.– Supports LSP ping and LSP traceroute functions.

l Supports a maximum of 1024 unidirectional MPLS tunnels or 512 bidirectionalMPLS tunnels.NOTE

Unidirectional and bidirectional MPLS tunnels share tunnel resources. One bidirectionalMPLS tunnel is equivalent to two unidirectional MPLS tunnels.

The sum of PW count and MPLS tunnel count must not exceed 1024. PW count and MPLStunnel count, however, can be 1024 simultaneously if each MPLS tunnel carries one PW. Thisis because if an MPLS tunnel carries PWs, the MPLS tunnel is not counted and only the carriedPWs are counted.

PWE3supportcapability

The packet switching unit of the CSHD board works with a service board to implementPWE3 functions.l Service categories

– CES services– ATM PWE3 services– ETH PWE3 services

l Setup mode: static PWsl Protection: 1:1 PW APSl OAM:

– Supports VCCV.– Supports PW OAM that complies with ITU-T Y.1711.– Supports PW ping and PW traceroute functions.

l Supports MS-PWs.l Supports configurable bandwidth.l Supports a maximum of 1024 PWs.

NOTEThe sum of PW count and MPLS tunnel count must not exceed 1024. PW count and MPLStunnel count, however, can be 1024 simultaneously if each MPLS tunnel carries one PW. Thisis because if an MPLS tunnel carries PWs, the MPLS tunnel is not counted and only the carriedPWs are counted.

Service

ServiceType

Description MaximumReceivingCapability

Service Port

Description Connector



2-3

Item

Description

Ethernetservice

Supports Native ETHand ETH PWE3services.l Format of Ethernet

data frames: IEEE802.3 and EthernetII

l Jumbo framesl MTU length: 1518

bytes to 9600 bytes(1522 bytes, bydefault)

l MPLS functionsupport

l VLAN functionsupport. The VLANIDs range from 1 to4094.

l Size of a MACaddress table: 16 KB(including staticentries)

FE: 16 FE electricalport:10/100BASE-TX

RJ-45

GE: 6 GE opticalport:l 1000BA

SE-LXl 1000BA

SE-VXl 1000BA

SE-ZX

LC

GEelectricalport:10/100/1000BASE-T(X)

RJ-45

CESservice

l Service type: point-to-point service

l Encapsulationtypes:– CESoPSN– SAToP

l Compression of idletimeslots: supported(only for CESoPSNencapsulation)

l Iitter compensationbuffering time: 375us to 16000 us

l Packet loading time:125 us to 5000 us

l CES ACR:supported

l Retiming:supported

80xE1 75/120-ohmsmart E1port

Anea 96

2 Quick Reference


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Item

Description

ATM/IMAservice

l Number of ATMconnections: 256

l ATM trafficmanagement

l ATM encapsulationformat– N-to-one VPC– N-to-one VCC– One-to-one VPC– One-to-one

VCCl Maximum number

of concatenatedATM cells: 31

l ATM OAM: F4 (VPlayer) and F5 (VClayer)

l Maximum numberof IMA groups: 32

l Maximum numberof members in anIMA group: 16


Anea 96

Protection

MPLSAPS

l Maximum number of protection groups: 32l Switching duration not more than 100 msNOTE

MPLS APS and PW APS share 32 protection group resources.

PW APS l Maximum number of protection groups: 32l Switching duration not more than 100 msNOTE


MSTP Supports the MSTP protocol that generates only the CIST. The MSTPprotocol provides functions equivalent to that of the RSTP protocol.

ERPS Supports the ERPS function that complies with ITU-T G.8032/Y.1344.

LPT l Point-point and point-multipoint LPTl Switching duration not more than 5s

LAG l Intra-board LAG and inter-board LAGl A maximum of 16 LAGs. Each LAG has a maximum of 8 members.l Switching duration not more than 500 ms



2-5

Item

Description

Maintenance

MPLSOAM

l Tunnel OAM and PW OAMl Maximum number of MPLS OAM resources: 64NOTE

MPLS OAM and PW OAM share 64 OAM resources.

ETH-OAM

l Supports the following IEEE 802.1ag OAM functions:– Management of OAM maintenance points– Continuity check (CC)– Loopback (LB)– Link trace (LT)

l Supports the following IEEE 802.3ah OAM functions:– OAM auto-discovery– Link performance monitoring– Fault detection– Loopback at the remote end– Self-loop detection and self-looped port blocking

ATMOAM

Maximum number of ATM connections: 256

RMON N/A

Synchronization

SynchronousEthernetclock

l Synchronous Ethernet that complies with ITU-T G.8261 and ITU-TG.8262.

l Port receiving/transmitting synchronous Ethernet clocks: FE/GEl Input/Output of SSM packetsl Clock frequency stability (hold-over mode): less than 50 ppbNOTE

Not supported by SFP electrical modules

When working in 10BASE-T mode, the FE/GE port does not support synchronousEthernet clocks.

CES ACR l Maximum number of CES ACR clocks: 4l The clock performance complies with the ITU-T G.823 Traffic

template.

2 Quick Reference


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Item

Description

Others

QoS l DiffServSupports simple traffic classification by specifying PHB serviceclasses for service flows based on their QoS information (C-VLANpriorities, S-VLAN priorities, DSCP values, or MPLS EXP values)carried by the packets.

l Complex traffic classificationSupports traffic classification based on C-VLAN IDs, S-VLAN IDs,C-VLAN priorities, S-VLAN priorities, C-VLAN IDs + C-VLANpriorities, S-VLAN IDs + S-VLAN priorities, or DSCP valuescarried by packets.

l CARProvides the CAR function for the traffic flows at ports.

l ShapingSupports traffic shaping for a specific port, prioritized queue, ortraffic flow.

l Queue scheduling policies– SP– WRR– SP+WRR



2-7

3 Product Architecture

About This Chapter

The chapter describes the equipment's system architecture: hardware structure and softwarearchitecture.

3.1 System ArchitectureThe OptiX OSN 500 is a pure packet device. This section describes its function units and therelationship between these units.

3.2 Hardware StructureThis section describes the structure of the chassis, available boards, and equipment labels.

3.3 Software ArchitectureThis section describes the system's general software architecture, as well as the functions of eachsoftware module.

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE Optical TransmissionSystemProduct Description 3 Product Architecture


3-1

3.1 System ArchitectureThe OptiX OSN 500 is a pure packet device. This section describes its function units and therelationship between these units.

The OptiX OSN 500 consists of the following function units: service interface unit, packetswitching unit, control unit, clock unit, fan unit, and power supply unit.

Figure 3-1 Block diagram

Serviceinterface

unit

Ethernetswitching

unit

Fan unitClockunit

Controlunit

-48 V/-60 V DCExternalclock

NMdata

Control andoverhead bus

Powersupply

unit

EthernetsignalFE/GE

E1 (TDM/CES/ATM/IMA)

Externaltime

Table 3-1 Function units of the OptiX OSN 500

Function Unit Function

Service interfaceunit

l Transmits/Receives ATM/IMA E1 signals.l Transmits/Receives Ethernet signals.l Performs E1/ATM/Ethernet PWE3 emulation.

Packet switchingunit

l Processes Ethernet services and forwards packets.l Processes MPLS labels and forwards packets.l Processes PW labels and forwards packets.

Control unit l Performs system communication and control.l Configures and manages the system.l Collects alarms and monitors performance.l Processes overhead bytes.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Function Unit Function

Clock unit l Traces clock sources and provides clock signals for the system.l Provides the input/output port for external clocks.l Provides the input/output port for external time.l Provides the time synchronization function.

Auxiliary interfaceunit

l Provides the external alarm input/output port.

Power supply unit l Connects to -48 V/-60 V DC power supplies.l Provides DC power to the local NE.

Fan unit l Cools the NE.

3.2 Hardware StructureThis section describes the structure of the chassis, available boards, and equipment labels.

Chassis Structure and Board Installation Area

Boardinstallation

area

SLOT6

(FAN)

SLOT5

(PIU) SLOT 2(CSHD)

SLOT 3(EXT) SLOT 4(EXT)1

2

3

4

Power supply board areaSystem control, switching,

and timing board area

Extended board areaFan board area

12

34



3-3

BoardsTable 3-2 lists the boards supported by the OptiX OSN 500.

Table 3-2 Boards supported by the OptiX OSN 500

BoardClassification

BoardAcronym

BoardName

Function Service Type Port Type ValidSlot

Systemcontrol,switching,andtimingboard

CSHD

Hybridsystemcontrol,switching, andtimingboard

l Provides thepacket cross-connectfunction.

l Supports the 7.2Gbit/s packetswitchingfunction.

l Performssystemcommunicationand control.

l Provides one-input and one-output externalclock port.

N/A l OneEthernetNM port

l One NMserial port

Slot 2

Packetprocessingboard

MD1

32xSmartE1serviceprocessing board

Transmits/Receives E1signals.

l CES E1l ATM/IMA

E1

75/120-ohmE1 port

Slots3 to 4

EM6T

FE/GEprocessing board

Transmits/Receives FE/GEservice signals andworks with thepacket switchingunit to process thereceived FE/GEservice signals.

l NativeETHServices– Point-

to-PointTransparentlyTransmitted E-LineService

– VLAN-based E-LineServices

l Four FEelectricalports:10/100BASE-T(X)

l Two GEelectricalports(compatible with FEelectricalports):10/100/1000BASE-T(X)

Slots3 to 4



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

BoardClassification

BoardAcronym

BoardName

Function Service Type Port Type ValidSlot

EM6F

FE/GEprocessing board

– QinQ-BasedE-LineServices

– E-LANServices Basedon the802.1dBridge

– E-LANServices Basedon802.1qBridge

– E-LANServices Basedon802.1adBridge

l ETH PWE3Services

l Four FEelectricalports:10/100BASE-T(X)

l Two portsby usingSFPmodules ofany of thefollowingtypes:– 1000B

ASE-LX

– 10/100/1000BASE-T(X)

Slots3 to 4

Powersupplyboard

PIU

Powersupplyboard

Provides one -48V/-60 V DC powersupply.

N/A Provides -48V/-60 V DCpower supplyports.

Slot 5

Fanboard

FAN

Fan board Cools the NE. N/A N/A Slot 6

Description of LabelsTable 3-3 lists the description of the labels on the chassis and the boards in the chassis. Theactual labels may be different depending on the configurations of the chassis and boards.



3-5

Table 3-3 Description of labels

Label Label Name Description

ESD protection label Indicates that theequipment issensitive to staticelectricity.

Grounding label Indicates thegrounding positionof the chassis.

Fan warning label Indicates that thefan leaves cannotbe touched whenthe fan is rotating.

Power port warninglabel

Indicates that youmust read theoperationinstructions beforeconnecting apower cable.

合格证/QUALIFICATION CARD

华为技术有限公司中国制作MADE IN CHINAHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.

HUAWEI

Qualification card Indicates that theequipment isqualified.

50RoHS label Indicates that the

equipmentcontains certainhazardoussubstancesspecified in RoHS.The equipmentneeds to berecycled after theenvironment-friendly use periodof 50 years expires.

Product nameplatelabel

Indicates theproduct name andcertification.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

3.3 Software ArchitectureThis section describes the system's general software architecture, as well as the functions of eachsoftware module.

3.3.1 Overview of Software ArchitectureThe software system is of a modular structure. The modules accomplish the correspondingfunctions and interoperate with each other.

3.3.2 Communication Protocols and InterfacesThe communication interfaces on the equipment are mainly Qx interfaces. For the descriptionof the protocol stacks and messages on the Qx interfaces, see ITU-T G.773, ITU-T Q.811, andITU-T Q.812.

3.3.3 Board SoftwareThis section describes the software architecture of the OptiX OSN 500.

3.3.4 NE SoftwareThe NE software manages, monitors, and controls the running of boards in the NE. In addition,the NE software serves as the service unit for the communication between the NMS and boards.In this manner, the NMS can control and manage the NE.

3.3.5 NMS SoftwareLike other optical transmission equipment, the OptiX OSN 500 is managed by the iManagerseries NMS.

3.3.1 Overview of Software ArchitectureThe software system is of a modular structure. The modules accomplish the correspondingfunctions and interoperate with each other.

The software modules fall into three types: the board software that runs on a variety of functionalboards, the NE software that runs on the system control and communication board, and thenetwork management software that runs on the network management computer.

The software system is of layered design. That is, each layer performs specific functions andserves its upper layer. Figure 3-2 shows the general structure of software. All the modules exceptthe network management system and the board software are NE software.



3-7

Figure 3-2 General architecture of software

High LevelCommunication Module

Communication Module

Equipment ManagementModule

Real-timemulti-taskoperatingsystem

NE software

Network ManagementSystem

Board Software

DatabaseManagement

Module

Network side Module

3.3.2 Communication Protocols and InterfacesThe communication interfaces on the equipment are mainly Qx interfaces. For the descriptionof the protocol stacks and messages on the Qx interfaces, see ITU-T G.773, ITU-T Q.811, andITU-T Q.812.

A Qx interface mainly connects a mediation device (MD), Q adaptation (QA), or networkelement (NE) with an operations system (OS) through the local communication network (LCN).A QA interface is provided at the NE management layer, and an MD and OS are provided at thenetwork management layer. As specified in the Recommendation, a Qx interface is developedin compliance with the Connectionless Network LayerService (CLNS1) based on TCP/IP. A Qxinterface supports the remote access of NMS through a modem, and the IP layer uses the SerialLine Internet Protocol (SLIP) accordingly.

3.3.3 Board SoftwareThis section describes the software architecture of the OptiX OSN 500.

3.3.4 NE SoftwareThe NE software manages, monitors, and controls the running of boards in the NE. In addition,the NE software serves as the service unit for the communication between the NMS and boards.In this manner, the NMS can control and manage the NE.

In compliance with ITU-T M.3010, the NE software belongs to the element management layerin the telecommunications management network (TMN), and provides NE functions, somecoordination functions, and operations system functions at the network element layer. The data



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

communication function (DCF) provides communication functions between the NE and othercomponents (including mediation devices, NMS, and other NEs).

l Real-time multi-task operating systemThe real-time multi-task operating system of the NE software is responsible for themanagement of public resources and supports applications. This system provides anapplication execution environment that is independent of the processor hardware, toseparate applications from the processor.

l Communication and control moduleThe Communication and control module is the interface module between the NE softwareand the board software. According to the corresponding communication protocol, thecommunication and control module achieves the communication between the NE softwareand the board software. In this manner, the information can be exchanged and the equipmentcan be maintained. On one hand, the communication and control module issues themaintenance operation commands of the NE software to the boards. On the other hand, itreports the status, alarms, and performance events of the boards to the NE software.

l Network side (NS) moduleThe network side (NS) module is between the communication module and equipmentmanagement module. It converts the data format between the user operation side on theapplication layer and the NE equipment management layer, and provides security controlfor the NE layer. The NS module can be subdivided into three submodules in terms offunction: Qx interface module, command line interface module, and security managementmodule.

l Equipment management moduleThe equipment management module (AM) is the kernel of the NE software. It implementsNE management, and includes the Manager and the Agent. The Manager sends networkmanagement operation commands and receives event information. The Agent responds tothe network management operation commands sent by the Manager, performs operationsto managed objects, and reports events according to the status change of the managedobjects.

l Communication moduleThis module fulfills the message communication function (MCF) of the functional blocksof the transmission network equipment. Through the hardware interface provided by theSCB board, the communication module transmits the OAM&P information and exchangesmanagement information between the NMS and NEs, and between NEs themselves. Thecommunication module consists of network communication module, serial communicationmodule, and ECC communication module.

l Database management moduleThe database management module is a principal component of the NE software. It consistsof the data and the programs. The data, organized by database form, consists of the networkdatabase, alarm database, performance database, and equipment database. The programmanages and accesses the data in the databases.

3.3.5 NMS SoftwareLike other optical transmission equipment, the OptiX OSN 500 is managed by the iManagerseries NMS.

The NMS manages the optical transport network, and maintains all the OSN, SDH, Metro, andDWDM equipment on networks.



3-9

The NMS, which complies with the ITU-T Recommendations, adopts a standard managementinformation model and the object-oriented management technology. The NMS exchangesinformation with the NE software through the communication module to monitor and managethe network equipment.

The NMS software runs on a workstation or PC. It manages the equipment and the transmissionnetwork. The NMS software provides the operation and maintenance function for thetransmission equipment, and also provides the management capability for the transmissionnetwork. The NMS software has the following management functions:

l Alarm management: collects, prompts, filters, browses, acknowledges, checks, clears,counts alarms in real time, inserts alarms, analyzes alarm correlation, and diagnoses faults.

l Performance management: sets performance monitoring; browses, analyses and printsperformance data; forecasts medium- and long-term performance; resets the performanceregister.

l Configuration management: configures and manages the ports, clocks, services, trails,subnets, and time.

l Security management: NM user management; NE user management; NE loginmanagement; NE login lockout; NE setting lockout; and local craft terminal (LCT) accesscontrol.

l Maintenance management: performs loopbacks; resets boards; automatically shuts downlasers; detects fiber power; collects equipment data. In this manner, the maintenancepersonnel can locate and rectify equipment faults more quickly.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

4 Functions and Features

About This Chapter

This section describes the equipment's functions and features pertaining to services, protection,maintenance, and synchronization.

4.1 Service SupportThis section describes Ethernet services, CES services, and ATM/IMA services in the packetdomain.

4.2 Protection SupportThis section describes protection schemes including MPLS APS, PW APS, MSTP, ERPS,LPT,and LAG in the packet domain.

4.3 MaintenanceThis section describes the maintenance functions and features including MPLS OAM, ETH-OAM, ATM OAM, and RMON in the packet domain.

4.4 SynchronizationThis section describes synchronization features including synchronous Ethernet clock, IEEE1588v2, and CES ACR in the packet domain.

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE Optical TransmissionSystemProduct Description 4 Functions and Features


4-1

4.1 Service SupportThis section describes Ethernet services, CES services, and ATM/IMA services in the packetdomain.

4.1.1 Native Ethernet ServicesBased on the packet plane, Native Ethernet services are classified into six types.

4.1.2 ETH PWE3 ServicesIn the topology, the E-Line services are point-to-point services. The E-Line services realize thepoint-to-point transmission of Ethernet services.

4.1.3 CES ServicesCES: By using the PWE3 technology, PWE3 packet headers are added to TDM traffic to createcircuit emulation services (CES). PWE3 packet headers carry the frame format information,alarm information, signaling information, and synchronization and timing information of theTDM traffic. The encapsulated PW packets are transmitted over the MPLS tunnel on the PSN.After being decapsulated at the PW egress, the TDM circuit switched service traffic is re-created.On a packet switching network, the transmit and receive ends of a CES service maintain clocksynchronization by means of adaptive clock recovery (ACR).

4.1.4 ATM/IMA ServicesThis section provides the definition of ATM PWE3 and describes its purpose.

4.1.1 Native Ethernet ServicesBased on the packet plane, Native Ethernet services are classified into six types.

4.1.1.1 Point-to-Point Transparently Transmitted E-Line ServiceThe point-to-point transparently transmitted E-Line service are the basic E-Line model. Point-to-point transmission does not involve service bandwidth sharing, service isolation, or servicedistinguishing; instead, Ethernet services are transparently transmitted between two serviceaccess points.

4.1.1.2 VLAN-based E-Line ServicesVLANs can be used to separate E-Line services. With the VLAN technology, multiple E-Lineservices can share one physical channel. These services are VLAN-based E-Line services.

4.1.1.3 QinQ-Based E-Line ServicesS-VLAN tags can be used to isolate E-Line services. Therefore, multiple E-Line services canshare one physical channel. These services are QinQ-based E-Line services.

4.1.1.4 E-LAN Services Based on the 802.1d BridgeIn the case of E-LAN services, packets can be forwarded only based on the MAC address table.This type of E-LAN services is called the E-LAN service based on the 802.1d bridge.

4.1.1.5 E-LAN Services Based on 802.1q BridgeE-LAN services can be separated by setting VLANs. In this case, a bridge is divided into multiplesub-switching domains. Therefore, the E-LAN services separated by setting VLANs are E-LANservices based on 802.1q bridge.

4.1.1.6 E-LAN Services Based on 802.1ad Bridge



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

S-VLAN tags can be used to isolate E-LAN services. Therefore, a bridge is divided into multipleindependent sub-switching domains. These services are E-LAN services based on 802.1adbridge.

4.1.1.1 Point-to-Point Transparently Transmitted E-Line Service

The point-to-point transparently transmitted E-Line service are the basic E-Line model. Point-to-point transmission does not involve service bandwidth sharing, service isolation, or servicedistinguishing; instead, Ethernet services are transparently transmitted between two serviceaccess points.

Service Model

Table 4-1 describes the point-to-point transparently transmitted E-Line service model.

Table 4-1 Point-to-point transparently transmitted E-Line service model

Service Model EncapsulationType

Service Direction Traffic Flow Description

Model 1 Null (source)Null (sink)

UNI-UNI PORT (source)PORT (sink)

The source porttransparentlytransmits all thereceived Ethernetframes to the sinkport.

Model 2 802.1Q (source)802.1Q (sink)

UNI-UNI PORT (source)PORT (sink)

The source portprocesses theincoming Ethernetframes based on itsTAG attribute, andthen sends theprocessed Ethernetframes to the sinkport. The sink portprocesses theEthernet framesbased on its TAGattribute, and thenexports theprocessed Ethernetframes.

NOTEIn service model 2, ports process the received Ethernet frames according to their TAG attributes. Therefore,service model 2 is not a real transparent transmission model and is not recommended.

Typical Application

Figure 4-1 shows the typical application of service model 1.



4-3

Figure 4-1 Typical application of service model 1

Port 1

NE 1 NE 2

Port 2

Port 3 Port 1

Port 2

Port 3Service 1

Service 2

Service 1

Service 2

E-Line

E-Line

TransmissionNetwork

Port 4 Port 4

E-Line

E-Line

In service model 1, Ethernet service 1 and Ethernet service 2, which carry no VLAN IDs or carryunknown VLAN IDs, are accessed to NE1 through port 1 and port 2 respectively. Port 1 andport 2 transparently transmit Ethernet service 1 and Ethernet service 2 to port 3 and port 4,respectively. Port 3 and port 4 then transmit Ethernet service 1 and Ethernet service 2 to NE2.Service processing on NE2 is the same as on NE1.

In service model 2, Ethernet service 1 and Ethernet service 2, which carry no VLAN IDs or carryunknown VLAN IDs, are accessed to NE1 through port 1 and port 2 respectively. Port 1 andPort 2 process the incoming packets based on their own TAG attributes. Then, Port 1 and Port2 send Ethernet service 1 and Ethernet service 2 to Port 3 and Port 4 respectively. Port 3 andPort 4 process the incoming packets based on their own TAG attributes. Then, Port 3 and Port4 send Ethernet service 1 and Ethernet service 2 to NE2. Service processing on NE2 is the sameas on NE1.

4.1.1.2 VLAN-based E-Line ServicesVLANs can be used to separate E-Line services. With the VLAN technology, multiple E-Lineservices can share one physical channel. These services are VLAN-based E-Line services.

Models of ServicesTable 4-2 shows the models of VLAN-based E-Line services.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Table 4-2 Models of VLAN-based E-Line services

Type of Service EncapsulationMode of Port

Direction ofService

Flow of Service Description ofService

VLAN-based E-Line services

802.1Q (source)802.1Q (sink)

UNI-UNI PORT+VLAN(source)PORT+VLAN(sink)NOTE

The VLAN ID of thesource and the VLANID of the sink must bethe same.

The source portprocesses theincoming Ethernetframes based on itsTAG attribute, andthen sends theEthernet frameswith a specificVLAN ID to the sinkport. The sink portprocesses theEthernet framesbased on its TAGattribute, and thenexports theprocessed Ethernetframes.

Typical ApplicationsFigure 4-2 shows the typical application of VLAN-based E-Line services. Service 1 and Service2 carry different VLAN IDs. Therefore, after the two Ethernet services are accessed to NE1through Port 1 and Port 2 respectively, they can share the same transmission channel at Port 3.

On NE1, Port 1 and Port 2 process the incoming packets based on their own TAG attributes.Then, Port 1 and Port 2 send Service 1 and Service 2 to Port 3. Port 3 processes all the outgoingpackets based on its TAG attribute, and then sends Service 1 and Service 2 to NE2. Due to thedifferent VLAN IDs, Service 1 and Service 2 can be transmitted through Port 3 at the same time.

NE2 processes Service 1 and Service 2 in the same manner as NE1.

Figure 4-2 Model of VLAN-based E-Line services

Port 1

NE 1 NE 2

Port 2

Port 3

E-Line

Port 1

Port 2

Port 3 E-Line

E-Line

Service 1VLAN ID: 100




E-Line TransmissionNetwork

Service 1VLAN ID: 100Service 2VLAN ID: 200



4.1.1.3 QinQ-Based E-Line ServicesS-VLAN tags can be used to isolate E-Line services. Therefore, multiple E-Line services canshare one physical channel. These services are QinQ-based E-Line services.



4-5

NOTEE-Line Services Carried on PWs describes QinQ-based E-Line services carried by PWs.

Model of ServiceTable 4-3 shows the models of QinQ-based E-Line services.

Table 4-3 Models of QinQ-based E-Line Services

Model of Service EncapsulationMode of a Port

Direction Flow of Service Description ofService

Model 1 Null (source)QinQ (sink)

UNI-NNI PORT (source)QinQ link (sink)

The source port addsthe S-VLAN tag thatcorresponds to theQinQ link to all theEthernet frames, andthen transmits theEthernet frames tothe sink port wherethe QinQ link isconfigured.

Model 2 802.1Q (source)a

QinQ (sink)

UNI-NNI PORT (source)QinQ link (sink)

The source portaccesses only theEthernet frames thatcarry C-VLAN tags.It adds the S-VLANtag that correspondsto the QinQ link toall the Ethernetframes, and thentransmits theEthernet frames tothe sink port wherethe QinQ link isconfigured.

Model 3 802.1Q (source)a

QinQ (sink)

UNI-NNI PORT+C-VLAN(source)QinQ link (sink)

The source port addsthe S-VLAN tag thatcorresponds to theQinQ link to all theEthernet frames thatcarry specific C-VLAN tags, andthen transmits theEthernet frames tothe sink port wherethe QinQ link isconfigured.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Model of Service EncapsulationMode of a Port

Direction Flow of Service Description ofService

Model 4 QinQ (sink)QinQ (sink)

NNI-NNI QinQ link (source)QinQ link (sink)

The source porttransmits theEthernet frames thatcarry the S-VLANtag to the sink portwhere the sink QinQlink is configured.The S-VLAN tagcarried in theEthernet framescorresponds to thesource QinQ link. Ifthe source and sinkQinQ linkscorrespond todifferent S-VLANtags, the S-VLANtags carried in theEthernet frames areexchanged.

NOTE

a: Set TAG to Tag Aware.

Typical ApplicationsFigure 4-3 shows the typical application of service model 1.

Service 1 and Service 2 include tagged frames and untagged frames. Service 1 is accessed toNE1 through Port 1, and Service 2 is accessed to NE1 through Port 2. Port 1 adds thecorresponding S-VLAN tag to Service 1, and Port 2 adds the corresponding S-VLAN tag toService 2. Then, Service 1 and Service 2 are transmitted to Port 3. Port 3 transmits Service 1and Service 2 to NE2.



Port 1

NE 1 NE 2

Port 2

Port 3

E-Line

Port 1

Port 2

Port 3 E-Line

E-Line

Service 1

Service 2


Service 1

Service 2

Add S-VLAN LabelStrip S-VLAN Label

Data(2)

Data(1)

S-VLAN(400)

S-VLAN(300)

Data(2)

Data( 1)

Add S-VLAN Label Strip S-VLAN Label

Data(2)

Data(1)

S-VLAN(400)

S-VLAN(300)

Data(2)

Data(1)



4-7


Service 1 and Service 2 carry different unknown C-VLAN tags. Service 1 is accessed to NE1through Port 1, and Service 2 is accessed to NE1 through Port 2. Port 1 adds the correspondingS-VLAN tag to Service 1, and Port 2 adds the corresponding S-VLAN tag to Service 2. Then,Service 1 and Service 2 are transmitted to Port 3. Port 3 transmits Service 1 and Service 2 toNE2.



Port 1NE 1 NE 2

Port 2

Port 3

E-Line

Port 1

Port 2

Port 3 E-Line

E-Line

Service 1Unknown CVLAN



Data(2)

Data(1)

S-VLAN(400)

S-VLAN(300) C-VLAN

C-VLANData(2)

Data( 1)

C-VLAN

C-VLAN

Strip S-VLAN LabelAdd S-VLAN Label

Data(2)

Data( 1)

C-VLAN

C-VLAN

Data(2)

Data(1)

S-VLAN(400)

S-VLAN(300) C-VLAN

C-VLAN

Service 2Unknown CVLAN

Service 1Unknown CVLANService 2Unknown CVLAN


Service 1 and Service 2 carry different C-VLAN tags. Service 1 is accessed to NE1 through Port1, and Service 2 is accessed to NE1 through Port 2. Port 1 adds the corresponding S-VLAN tagto Service 1, and Port 2 adds the corresponding S-VLAN tag to Service 2. Then, Service 1 andService 2 are transmitted to Port 3. Port 3 transmits Service 1 and Service 2 to NE2.



Port 1NE 1 NE 2

Port 2

Port 3

E-Line

Port 1

Port 2

Port 3 E-Line

E-Line







Data(2)

Data(1)

S-VLAN(400)

S-VLAN(300) C-VLAN(100)

C-VLAN(200)Data(2)

Data( 1)

C-VLAN(200)

C-VLAN(100)

Strip S-VLAN LabelAdd S-VLAN Label

Data(2)

Data( 1)

C-VLAN(200)

C-VLAN(100)

Data(2)

Data(1)

S-VLAN(400)


C-VLAN(200)




Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Service 1 and Service 2 carry a same S-VLAN tag. Service 1 is accessed to NE1 through Port1, and Service 2 is accessed to NE1 through Port 2. Port 1 changes the S-VLAN tag carried inService 1 and Port 2 changes the S-VLAN tag carried in Service 2 so that the S-VLAN tagscarried in Service 1 and Service 2 are different. Port 3 transmits Service 1 and Service 2 to NE2.



Port 1NE 1 NE 2

Port 2

Port 3

E-Line

Port 1

Port 2

Port 3 E-Line

E-Line

Service 1S-VLAN ID: 100Service 2S-VLAN ID: 100


Service 1S-VLAN ID: 100Service 2S-VLAN ID: 100

Switching S-VLAN Label

Data(2)

Data(1)

S-VLAN(400)

S-VLAN(300)

Data(2)

Data( 1)

S-VLAN(100)

S-VLAN(100)

Switching S-VLAN Label

Data(2)

Data(1)

S-VLAN(100)

S-VLAN(100)

Data(2)

Data( 1)

S-VLAN(400)

S-VLAN(300)

4.1.1.4 E-LAN Services Based on the 802.1d Bridge

In the case of E-LAN services, packets can be forwarded only based on the MAC address table.This type of E-LAN services is called the E-LAN service based on the 802.1d bridge.

Model of Service

Table 4-4 shows the model of E-LAN services based on the 802.1d bridge.

Table 4-4 Model of E-LAN services based on the 802.1d bridge

Type ofService

EncapsulationMode of Port

Tag Attribute Type ofLogical Port

LearningMode

Sub-SwitchingDomain

E-LAN servicesbased on the802.1d bridge

Null Tag-Transparent

PORT SVL No division ofsub-switchingdomains

Typical Application

Figure 4-7 shows the typical application of the model of service. The transmission networkneeds to carry the A services accessed from NE2 and NE3. The two A services are convergedat the convergence node NE1. The services need not be isolated. Therefore, an 802.1d bridge isused at NE1 to groom services.



4-9

Figure 4-7 Model of E-LAN services based on the 802.1d bridge

Port 1

NE 1

User A1

Port 1

NE 2

User A2

NE 3

Port 2

Port 2

Port 3

TransmissionNetwork

TransmissionNetwork

802.1d bridge

Port 1

Port 2User A3

4.1.1.5 E-LAN Services Based on 802.1q Bridge

E-LAN services can be separated by setting VLANs. In this case, a bridge is divided into multiplesub-switching domains. Therefore, the E-LAN services separated by setting VLANs are E-LANservices based on 802.1q bridge.

Model of Service

Table 4-5 shows the models of E-LAN services based on 802.1q bridge.

Table 4-5 Model of E-LAN services based on 802.1q bridge

Type ofService


TAGAttribute

Type ofLogical Port

LearningMode

Sub-SwitchingDomain

E-LAN servicesbased on 802.1qbridge

802.1q C-Awared PORT+VLAN IVL Sub-switchingdomains aredivided based onVLANs.

Typical Applications

Figure 4-8 shows the typical application of the model of E-LAN services based on 802.1q bridge.The transport network needs to carry G and H services accessed from NE2 and NE3. Both typesof services converge on NE1. G and H services adopt different VLAN planning. Therefore,802.1q bridge is used on NEs and sub-switching domains are divided based on VLANs,differentiating and separating the two types of services.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Figure 4-8 Model of E-LAN services based on 802.1q bridge

Port 1

NE 1

VLAN 100

VLAN 200Port 2

User G1

User H1

Port 1

NE 2

User G2

Port 2User H2

Port 1

NE 3

User G3

Port 2User H3

VLAN 100

VLAN 200

VLAN 100

VLAN 200

Port 3

Port 3

Port 3

Port 4

TransmissionNetwork

TransmissionNetwork

802.1q bridge

802.1q bridge

802.1q bridge

NOTEYou can configure VLAN-based E-Line Services on NE2 and NE3 for accessing services.

4.1.1.6 E-LAN Services Based on 802.1ad BridgeS-VLAN tags can be used to isolate E-LAN services. Therefore, a bridge is divided into multipleindependent sub-switching domains. These services are E-LAN services based on 802.1adbridge.

Model of ServiceTable 4-6 shows the models of E-LAN services based on 802.1ad bridge.



4-11

Table 4-6 Models of E-LAN services based on 802.1ad bridge

Type ofServices


Tag Attribute Type ofLogical Port

LearningMode

Sub-SwitchingDomain

E-LAN servicesbased on802.1ad bridge

Null or 802.1q(UNI port) a

QinQ (NNI port)

S-Awared PORT (Theencapsulationmode of the UNIport is Null.)PORT or PORT+C-VLAN (Theencapsulationmode of the UNIport is 802.1q.) a

PORT+S-VLAN (NNIport)

IVL Sub-switchingdomains aredivided based onS-VLAN tags.

NOTEa: When the encapsulation mode of port is 802.1q, the tag attribute must be Tag Aware.

Typical ApplicationsFigure 4-9 shows the typical application of the model of service. The transmission networkneeds to carry G and H services accessed from NE2 and NE3. The two types of services areconverged on NE1. Since G and H services have a same C-VLAN tag, you need to add differentS-VLAN tags to G and H services for service isolation.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Figure 4-9 Model of E-LAN services based on 802.1ad bridge

Port 1

NE 1

802.1ad bridge

SVLAN 300

SVLAN 400Port 2

User G1

User H1

Port 1

NE 2

User G2

Port 2User H2

Port 1

NE 3

User G3

Port 2User H3

Port 3

Port 3

Port 4 TransmissionNetwork

TransmissionNetwork

CVLAN 100

CVLAN 100

SVLAN 300

SVLAN 400

SVLAN 300

SVLAN 400

Port 3

802.1ad bridge

802.1ad bridge

Add S-VLAN Label

NE 1

Strip S-VLAN Label

CVLAN 100

CVLAN 100

CVLAN 100

CVLAN 100

Data(H)

Data(G)

S-VLAN(400)


C-VLAN(100)Data(H)

Data( G)

C-VLAN(100)

C-VLAN(100)

Strip S-VLAN Label

NE 2

Add S-VLAN Label

Data(H)

Data( G)

C-VLAN(100)

C-VLAN(100)

Data(H)

Data(G)

S-VLAN(400)


C-VLAN(100)

Strip S-VLAN Label

NE 3

Add S-VLAN Label

Data(H)

Data( G)

C-VLAN(100)

C-VLAN(100)

Data(H)

Data(G)

S-VLAN(400)


C-VLAN(100)

NOTEYou can configure QinQ-Based E-Line Services on NE2 and NE3 for service access.

4.1.2 ETH PWE3 ServicesIn the topology, the E-Line services are point-to-point services. The E-Line services realize thepoint-to-point transmission of Ethernet services.

Figure 4-10 shows the networking diagram of the E-Line services carried by PWs.

The branches of Company A and Company B are located in City 1 and City 2, and need tocommunicate with each other. The services of Company A and Company B need to be isolatedfrom each other. In this case, you can configure the E-Line services that are carried by PWs andfrom the user side to the network side, to realize the communication between the branches ofCompany A or Company B. In addition, different services are carried by different PWs, thereforerealizing the isolation of the services of Company A from the services of Company B.

The services that are accessed from the user side are encapsulated and transmitted to the PWs.Then, the services are transmitted through the tunnel.



4-13

The E-Line services of different companies are carried by different PWs and then to the sameport on the network side. In this manner, the port resources on the network side are saved andthe bandwidth utilization is increased. In the uplink direction of the user side, layered QoSconfiguration can be performed for data packets.

Figure 4-10 E-Line services carried by PWs

Company A

City2

Tunnel

PW

Company B

Company A

City 1Company B

PSN

NNIUNI

NE1 NE2

NNI UNI

4.1.3 CES ServicesCES: By using the PWE3 technology, PWE3 packet headers are added to TDM traffic to createcircuit emulation services (CES). PWE3 packet headers carry the frame format information,alarm information, signaling information, and synchronization and timing information of theTDM traffic. The encapsulated PW packets are transmitted over the MPLS tunnel on the PSN.After being decapsulated at the PW egress, the TDM circuit switched service traffic is re-created.On a packet switching network, the transmit and receive ends of a CES service maintain clocksynchronization by means of adaptive clock recovery (ACR).

Emulation Mode

The OptiX NG-SDH series equipment supports two types of CES services: structure-aware TDMcircuit emulation service over packet switched network (CESoPSN) CES and structure-agnosticTDM over packet (SAToP) CES.

In the case of CESoPSN CES:

l The equipment senses the frame format, frame alignment mode, and timeslot informationin the TDM circuit.

l The equipment processes the overheads and extracts the payloads in TDM frames. Then,the equipment loads timeslots to the packet payload in a certain sequence. As a result, theservices in each timeslot are fixed and visible in packets.

In the case of SAToP CES:



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

l The equipment does not sense any format in the TDM signal. Instead, it considers TDMsignals as bit flows at a constant rate, and therefore the entire bandwidth of TDM signalsis emulated.

l The overheads and payloads in TDM signals are transparently transmitted.

Service TypeCES services are classified into UNI-UNI CES services and UNI-UNI CES services by serviceimplementation point.

As shown in Figure 4-11, the OptiX OSN NEs set UNI-NNI CES services. In the case of a UNI-NNI CES service, the OptiX OSN NEs access customer TDM services through E1 ports; CESPWs are created between the OptiX OSN NEs to emulate end-to-end TDM services.

Figure 4-11 UNI-NNI CES services

BTS

BSC

BTS

TDM link

NE

NE

NE

PSN

Tunnel

PW

4.1.4 ATM/IMA ServicesThis section provides the definition of ATM PWE3 and describes its purpose.

DefinitionThe ATM PWE3 technology emulates the basic behaviors and characteristics of ATM serviceson a packet switched network (PSN) by using the PWE3 mechanism, so that the emulated ATMservices can be transmitted on a PSN.

PurposeAided by the ATM PWE3 technology, conventional ATM networks can be connected by a PSN.Specifically, ATM PWE3 allows transmitting conventional ATM services over a PSN byemulating the ATM services.



4-15

The networking type of ATM PWE3 can be one-to-one or N-to-one depending on theencapsulation type of ATM PWE3 packets. It is obvious that ATM PWE3 helps to transmitATM services over the PSN, without adding ATM equipment or changing the configuration ofthe ATM CE equipment.

Figure 4-12 Typical application of ATM PWE3 (in the one-to-one encapsulation mode)

PSN

PE1 PE2

Packet transmission equipment

1-to-1 ATMPWE3service

ATM PWE3

LSP

PW

AC AC

CE2CE1

NodeB RNC

1-to-1 ATMPWE3service

Figure 4-13 Typical application of ATM PWE3 (in the N-to-one encapsulation mode)

PSN

PE1 PE2


N-to-1 ATMPWE3service

ATM PWE3

LSP

PW

AC AC

CE4CE2

CE1

CE3

NodeB RNC

N-to-1 ATMPWE3service



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

NOTE

The cell encapsulation modes at both ends of a PW must be the same.

4.2 Protection SupportThis section describes protection schemes including MPLS APS, PW APS, MSTP, ERPS,LPT,and LAG in the packet domain.

4.2.1 MPLS APSThis section provides the definition of MPLS APS and describes its purpose.

4.2.2 PW APSThis section provides the definition of PW APS and describes its purpose.

4.2.3 MSTPThis topic provides the definition of MSTP and describes its purpose.

4.2.4 ERPSThis section provides the definition of ERPS and describes its purpose.

4.2.5 LPTThis section provides the definition of LPT and describes its purpose.

4.2.6 LAGLink aggregation allows multiple links that are attached to the same equipment to be aggregatedtogether to form a LAG so that the bandwidth increases and the reliability of the links isimproved. The aggregated links can be considered as a single logical link.

4.2.1 MPLS APSThis section provides the definition of MPLS APS and describes its purpose.

Definition

MPLS APS is a function that protects MPLS tunnels based on the APS protocol. With thisfunction, when the working tunnel is faulty, the service can be switched to the preconfiguredprotection tunnel.

The MPLS APS function supported by the OptiX OSN 500 has the following features:

l The MPLS APS provides end-to-end protection for tunnels.

l The working tunnel and protection tunnel have the same ingress and egress nodes.

l The protection tunnel in the MPLS APS protection pair does not carry extra traffic.

l In MPLS APS, the MPLS OAM mechanism is used to detect faults in tunnels, and theingress and egress nodes exchange APS protocol packets to achieve protection switching.

Purpose

MPLS APS improves reliability for service transmission in tunnels.

As shown in Figure 4-14, when the MPLS OAM mechanism detects a fault in the workingtunnel, the service is switched to the protection tunnel for transmission.



4-17

Figure 4-14 Application example of MPLS APS

Ingress Egress

Transit

Transit

Protect switching

Ingress Egress

Transit

Transit

Service

Working Tunnel

Protection Tunnel

Working Tunnel

Protection Tunnel


4.2.2 PW APSThis section provides the definition of PW APS and describes its purpose.

Definition

PW APS is a function that protects PWs based on the APS protocol. With this function, whenthe working PW is faulty, the service can be switched to the preconfigured protection PW.

The PW APS function supported by the OptiX OSN 500 has the following features:

l The PW APS function provides end-to-end protection for PWs.

l The working PW and protection PW are carried in different tunnels but have the same localand remote PEs.

l The protection PW in the PW APS protection pair does not carry extra traffic.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

l In PW APS, the PW OAM mechanism is used to detect faults in PWs, and the PEs exchangeAPS protocol packets to achieve protection switching.

PurposePW APS improves reliability for service transmission in PWs.

As shown in Figure 4-15, when the PW OAM mechanism detects a fault in the working PW,the service is switched to the protection PW for transmission.

Figure 4-15 Application example of PW APS

PE1

PE2

PE3

Protect switching

PE1 PE4

PE2

PE3

Service

Working PW

Protection PW

Working PW

Protection PW


PE4

4.2.3 MSTPThis topic provides the definition of MSTP and describes its purpose.



4-19

Definition

The spanning tree protocol (STP) is used in the network loop. This protocol adopts certainalgorithms to break a loop network into a loop-free tree network and thus prevents packets fromincreasing and cycling in an endless manner in the loop network. See Figure 4-16.

Figure 4-16 Diagram of the STP

Switch A

Root: Switch A

Switch B Switch C

Switch A

Switch B Switch C

The rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) is an optimized version of STP. Compared with theSTP, the RSTP can stabilize the network topology in a shorter time. The RSTP is compatiblewith the STP. The STP packets and RSTP packets can be identified by the bridge that uses theRSTP for calculating the spanning tree.

With the defects in the STP and RSTP fixed, the MSTP maximizes the usage of link bandwidthsby setting up several independent spanning trees.

Purpose

The STP/RSTP meets the following requirements:

l Any activated topology of any bridge can be configured as a single spanning tree.Redundant data loops should be removed if there is any between two stations in a networktopology.

l The spanning tree topology can be configured in the case of a bridge fault or a routeinterruption. In this manner, protection is provided. Temporary data loops can be preventedby automatically accepting the bridges and ports of the bridges that are newly added intothe LAN.

l The finally activated topology can be predicted and repeated. In addition, the topology canbe selected by managing certain parameters of the algorithms.

l Operations to the end stations are transparent. For example, the end stations are unawareof their attachment to a single LAN or a bridged LAN.

l A small part of the available link bandwidths is used to create or maintain the spanningtree, and the bandwidth does not increase with the expanding network scale.

During the rapid development of the VLAN technology, the limitation of the STP/RSTPemerges. That is, after the STP/RSTP is enabled, a loop network is broken into a single spanningtree and the blocked links do not carry any traffic, which is a waste of bandwidths.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

The preceding defect in the STP and RSTP is fixed in the MSTP. That is, in addition to stabilizingthe network topology in a short time, the MSTP enables the traffic of different VLANs to betransmitted over their respective trails and thus provides a good load sharing mechanism.

l The MSTP classifies a switching network into different regions. Each region is called anMST region. Within each region, multiple spanning trees exist and they are independentfrom each other. Each spanning tree is called a multiple spanning tree instance (MSTI).

l In the case of the MSTP, the VLAN mapping table is configured to specify the mappingrelations between VLANs and MSTIs. Within an MST region, each VLAN corresponds toone MSTI. That is, the data from the same VLAN can be transmitted only on the sameMSTI. One MSTI, however, may correspond to multiple VLANs.

Consider the network in Figure 4-17 as an example. In this network, the packets of VLAN 1and VLAN 2 are transmitted. After the STP/RSTP is enabled, a single spanning tree that usesswitch A as the root switch is generated and the links between switch B and switch C are blocked.Hence, the bandwidth of this link is not utilized.

Figure 4-17 Limitations of the STP/RSTP

Switch A

Switch B Switch C

Spanning tree

Root switch

Host A

Host B Host C

Blocked port

VLAN 1VLAN 2

If this network is considered as an MST region in which the MSTP is enabled, VLAN 1 andVLAN 2 are mapped into corresponding MSTIs. Figure 4-18 shows the generated networktopology. On the ring:

l MSTI 1 uses switch A as the root switch to forward packets of VLAN 1.

l MSTI 2 uses switch C as the root switch to forward packets of VLAN 2.

Through this method, packets of all VLANs can be forwarded correctly and packets of differentVLANs are forwarded over different trails. In this manner, load sharing is achieved.



4-21

Figure 4-18 Improvement in the MSTP

MSTI 1 -> VLAN 2

Switch A

Switch B Switch C

VLAN 1VLAN 2

Host A

Host B Host C

Switch A

Switch B Switch C

VLAN 1 VLAN 1

Switch A

Switch B Switch C

VLAN 2

MSTI 1 -> VLAN 1

VLAN 2

Root switch

NOTE

The OptiX OSN 500 supports only the MSTP that generates the common and internal spanning tree (CIST).Hence, the OptiX OSN 500 does not support the load sharing function that is implemented throughforwarding of packets of different VLANs over different trails.

As shown in Figure 4-19, when user equipment accesses the OptiX OSN 500 through twodifferent trails, you can configure the ports on the OptiX OSN 500 that are connected to the usernetwork into a port group. This port group, together with the switch on the user network, canrun the MSTP. Hence, if an service access link becomes faulty, the MSTP enables a re-configuration and thus the spanning tree topology is generated to provide protection for the usernetwork that is configured with multiple access points.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Figure 4-19 Typical Application of the MSTP on the OptiX OSN 500

CIST

Root Root

Port group

Blocked Port

4.2.4 ERPSThis section provides the definition of ERPS and describes its purpose.

DefinitionBased on the automatic protection switching (APS) protocol and protection switchingmechanism, ERPS defines a protocol for Ethernet ring protection. ERPS is applicable to theEthernet ring topology at the Ethernet Layer 2, and provides protection for LAN services on anEthernet ring.

PurposeWhen a ring network is configured with ERPS, in normal cases, the main node blocks its porton one side so that all the services are transmitted through the port on the other side. In thismanner, service loops can be prevented. If a segment of links fails or an NE becomes faulty, theRPL owner unblocks the preceding port and thus the services that cannot be transmitted overthe faulty point can be transmitted through this port. In this manner, ring protection is achieved.

The Ethernet ring network as shown in Figure 4-20 is configured with ERPS. Generally, theRPL owner (NE D) blocks the port that is connected to NE A, and all the services are transmittedover the link NE A<->NE B<->NE C<->NE D. When the link between NE A<->NE B becomesfaulty, NE D unblocks the port that is blocked so that the services can be transmitted over thelink NE A<->NE D<->NE C<->NE B.



4-23

Figure 4-20 Implementation of the ERPS

Protection switching

Link

NE B

NE A

NE C

NE D

NE B

NE A

NE C

NE D

Failure

Ethernet service direction

Blocked port

4.2.5 LPTThis section provides the definition of LPT and describes its purpose.

DefinitionLink State Pass Through (LPT) detects a fault that occurs at a service access node or on a servicenetwork, and then instructs the equipment at both ends of a service network to immediately starta backup network for communication. LPT ensures proper transmission of important data. As



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

shown in Figure 4-21, LPT-enabled NE1 and NE2 will disconnect their access links from routerA and router B if access link 1, access link 2, or the service network becomes faulty. As a result,router A and router B will immediately detect the link fault between them, and switch to backupnetworks for communication.

Figure 4-21 Typical application of LPT

NE1 NE2Access link 1 Access link 2Router A Router B

Service network

Backup network

Working link

Protection link

Purpose

With the LPT function enabled, access equipment will immediately detect link faults and switchto backup networks timely.

4.2.6 LAGLink aggregation allows multiple links that are attached to the same equipment to be aggregatedtogether to form a LAG so that the bandwidth increases and the reliability of the links isimproved. The aggregated links can be considered as a single logical link.

A LAG aggregates multiple physical links to form a logical link that is at a higher rate to transmitdata. Link aggregation functions between adjacent equipment. Therefore, link aggregation is notrelated to the architecture of the entire network. Link aggregation is also called port aggregationbecause links correspond to ports one to one on an Ethernet network.

As shown in Figure 4-22, the LAG provides the following functions:l Increased bandwidth

A LAG provides users with a cost-effective method for increasing the link bandwidth. Usersobtain data links with higher bandwidths by combining multiple physical links into onelogical link without upgrading the existing equipment. The bandwidth of the logical linkis equal to the sum of the bandwidths of the physical links. The aggregation moduledistributes the traffic to different links by using the load sharing algorithm, thereforeproviding the load sharing function for links.



4-25

l Increased availability

The links in a LAG dynamically back up each other. When a link fails, the other links inthe LAG quickly take over. The process in which link aggregation starts the backup link isassociated only with the links in the same LAG, and the links not in the LAG are notinvolved.

Figure 4-22 Link aggregation group

LAG

Ethernetpackets

Link 1

Link 2

Link 3 Ethernetpackets

4.3 MaintenanceThis section describes the maintenance functions and features including MPLS OAM, ETH-OAM, ATM OAM, and RMON in the packet domain.

4.3.1 MPLS OAMThe MPLS OAM mechanism supported by the equipment includes tunnel OAM and PW OAM.Tunnel OAM operates at the tunnel layer, and PW OAM operates at the PW layer. Tunnel OAMand PW OAM both provide the complete fault detection and locating mechanism.

4.3.2 ETH-OAMETH-OAM enhances Ethernet Layer 2 maintenance functions and it strongly supports servicecontinuity verification, service deployment commissioning, and network fault locating.

4.3.3 ATM OAMThis section provides the definition of ATM OAM and describes its purpose.

4.3.4 RMONBy using the remote monitoring (RMON), you can transmit network monitoring data betweendifferent network sections.

4.3.1 MPLS OAMThe MPLS OAM mechanism supported by the equipment includes tunnel OAM and PW OAM.Tunnel OAM operates at the tunnel layer, and PW OAM operates at the PW layer. Tunnel OAMand PW OAM both provide the complete fault detection and locating mechanism.

Tunnel OAMl Description

The tunnel OAM mechanism helps to effectively detect, identify, and locate internal defectsat the tunnel layer of an MPLS network. The equipment triggers the protection switching



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

based on the OAM detection status. Therefore, quick fault detection and service protectioncan be achieved.

l Objectives and benefits

As a key bearer technology for the scalable next generation network (NGN), MPLSprovides multi-service capabilities with ensured QoS. In addition, MPLS introduces aunique network layer (tunnel), which may cause some faults. Therefore, an MPLS networkmust have the OAM capability.

By providing a tunnel OAM mechanism independent of any upper layer or lower layer, thetunnel OAM supports the following features:

– Provides query-on-demand and consecutive detections so that at any moment you canlearn whether the monitored LSP has defects.

– Detects, analyzes, and locates any defect that occurs, and notifies the NMS of therelevant information.

– Triggers a protection switching immediately after a defect or fault occurs on a link.

– Monitors the performance events indicating packet loss ratio, delay, and jitter in realtime and reports them to the NMS.

PW OAMl Description

The PW OAM mechanism helps to effectively detect, identify, and locate internal defectsat the PW layer of a network. The equipment triggers the protection switching based on theOAM detection status. Therefore, quick fault detection and service protection can beachieved.

l Objectives and benefits

The equipment performs PW encapsulation on service packets, and then transmits theservice packets over tunnels. The network consists of two layers: tunnel and PW. Tunnelsuse tunnel OAM for maintenance and management, and PWs use PW OAM formaintenance and management. Currently, the equipment can detect the connectivity of acertain PW through ping packets, and then reports the result to the NMS.

4.3.2 ETH-OAMETH-OAM enhances Ethernet Layer 2 maintenance functions and it strongly supports servicecontinuity verification, service deployment commissioning, and network fault locating.

With the continuous development of the Ethernet, especially when LANs evolve to WANs,operators pay more attention to equipment maintainability. Solutions to operations,administration and maintenance (OAM) in the transmission network are required urgently.Therefore, ETH-OAM is developed.

Based on the MAC layer, the ETH-OAM protocol performs OAM operations for the Ethernetby transmitting OAM packets. This protocol is irrelevant to the transmission medium. The OAMpackets are processed only at the MAC layer, having no impact on the other layers of the Ethernet.In addition, as a low-rate protocol, the ETH-OAM protocol occupies low bandwidths. Therefore,this protocol does not affect services carried on links.

A comparison of ETH-OAM and existing OAM and fault locating methods is provided asfollows:



4-27

l When a loopback is performed at a port, all packets on the port are looped back. Therefore,the loopback method cannot be used if only a specific service needs to be looped back.

l ETH-OAM can detect hardware faults.

l ETH-OAM can detect and locate faults automatically.

Both ITU-T and IEEE have researches on ETH-OAM. Currently, Huawei Ethernet serviceprocessing boards can implement the ETH-OAM function, which is subject to IEEE 802.1agand IEEE 802.3ah. As shown in Figure 4-23, the combination of IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE802.3ah provides a complete ETH-OAM solution.

Figure 4-23 Application of IEEE 802.1ag OAM and IEEE 802.3ah OAM

Core layer

PE1

CE4

PE2 CE3

P

P P

P

CE1

Router 3

Access layerAccess layer

Custom layerCustom layer

Router 1

Router 2

IEEE 802.1agIEEE

802.3ahIEEE

802.3ah

CE2

OptiX NE

l IEEE 802.1ag OAM focuses on the maintenance of end-to-end Ethernet links. Based onservices, IEEE 802.1ag OAM implements end-to-end detection in the unit of "maintenancedomain" and performs segmental management on each network segment that is involvedin the same service on a network.

l IEEE 802.3ah OAM focuses on the maintenance of point-to-point Ethernet link betweentwo directly-connected devices in the first mile. IEEE 802.3ah OAM does not focus on aspecific service. It maintains point-to-point Ethernet links by performing OAM auto-discovery, link performance monitoring, fault detection, remote loopbacks, and self-loopcheck.

4.3.3 ATM OAMThis section provides the definition of ATM OAM and describes its purpose.

Definition

ATM OAM is used for detecting and locating ATM faults, and monitoring ATM performance.In this document, ATM OAM refers to OAM only at the ATM layer and implements variousOAM functions by means of specific ATM OAM cells.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

PurposeATM OAM provides segment-based ATM OAM between the CE and the PE and end-to-end-based ATM OAM between CEs.

As shown in Figure 4-24, ATM OAM cells are transmitted and detected between the CE andthe PE, or between the CEs to monitor the ATM link.

Figure 4-24 Typical application of ATM OAM

PE1 PE2


CE2CE1

(NodeB) (RNC)

Segment check

End-to-end check

4.3.4 RMONBy using the remote monitoring (RMON), you can transmit network monitoring data betweendifferent network sections.

Currently, the management of the Ethernet performance for transmission products is relevantlysimple. In the case of the management of Ethernet ports, the management of the performancedata of the ports is required. What's more, as the network is becoming complex, a method formanaging network sections is required. Thus, the RMON emerges and the RMON should havethe following features:l All statistics data is saved at the agent and the out-of-service operation on the manager is

supported.l History data is saved for the fault diagnosis.l Errors are detected and reported.l Detailed data is provided.l Multiple management stations are supported.

Based on the preceding purposes, the RMON defines a serial of statistic formats and functionsto realize the data exchange between the control stations and detection stations that complieswith the RMON standards. To meet the requirements of different networks, the RMON providesflexible detection modes and control mechanism. What's more, the RMON provides errordiagnosis, planning and information receiving of the performance events of the entire network.



4-29

4.4 SynchronizationThis section describes synchronization features including synchronous Ethernet clock, IEEE1588v2, and CES ACR in the packet domain.

4.4.1 Synchronous Ethernet ClockThe synchronous Ethernet clock is a technology that extracts the clock from the serial bit streamon the Ethernet line, and transmits data through the extracted clock to realize the transfer ofclocks.

4.4.2 IEEE 1588v2This section provides the definition of IEEE 1588v2 and describes its purpose.

4.4.3 CES ACRThis section provides the definition of CES ACR and describes its purpose.

4.4.1 Synchronous Ethernet ClockThe synchronous Ethernet clock is a technology that extracts the clock from the serial bit streamon the Ethernet line, and transmits data through the extracted clock to realize the transfer ofclocks.

DefinitionThe synchronous Ethernet clock is a technology of frequency synchronization over the physicallayer. The system directly extracts the clock signal from the serial bit stream on the Ethernetline, and transmits the data to each board by using the clock signal to realize the transfer of clockinformation.

PurposeAs the network is increasingly based on the Ethernet transfer technology, the large-scale networkat the carrier-class level requires the synchronous Ethernet to transmit the clock and introducesthe networkwide synchronous timing transmission idea of the SDH system to the Ethernetdesign. Therefore, the clock signal can be transmitted from the core to the edge by using theEthernet physical layer, to provide ensured timing for various real-time services.

4.4.2 IEEE 1588v2This section provides the definition of IEEE 1588v2 and describes its purpose.

DefinitionThe IEEE 1588v2 defines a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for NetworkedMeasurement and Control Systems. It defines the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) to synchronizeindependent clocks running on separate nodes of a distributed measurement and control systemto a high degree of accuracy and precision. The IEEE 1588v2 standard supports timesynchronization accuracy in the submicrosecond range.

Synchronization involves clock synchronization (also called frequency synchronization) or timesynchronization. The IEEE 1588v2 standard mainly applicable to time synchronization, and itcan also be used for clock synchronization.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

l Clock synchronizationTo achieve synchronization of clocks for two devices, the pulses of the clocks must be atthe same frequency and keep a constant phase difference.

l Time synchronizationTo achieve time synchronization, the pulses of the clocks must be at the same frequencyand have a very small phase difference as required, and the times indicated by the clocksmust be measured in the same timescale. The commonly used timescales include universalcoordinated time (UTC) and international atomic time (TAI, from the French name TempsAtomique International).

PurposeIn the applications on transmission networks, the IEEE 1588v2 standard provides an approachto high-precision time synchronization on a network basis, with a synchronization accuracy inthe microsecond range; as well, the IEEE 1588v2 standard helps in transparent transmission ofhigh-precision time signals. As such, the IEEE 1588v2 standard, as an alternative to the globalpositioning system (GPS) or other complex timing systems, can be used to provide high-precision time for NodeBs or eNodeBs. Figure 4-25 illustrates an application example whereinthe IEEE 1588v2 standard helps to synchronize the time of NodeBs distributed in a CDMA2000or TD-SCDMA communication system.

Figure 4-25 Time synchronization of NodeBs implemented by the IEEE 1588v2 standard

RNC

TimesynchronizationPTP node

NodeB NodeB NodeB

BITS

4.4.3 CES ACRThis section provides the definition of CES ACR and describes its purpose.



4-31

DefinitionCES ACR is a function that uses the adaptive clock recovery (ACR) technology to recover clocksynchronization information carried by CES packets. In the standard CES ACR solution, thesource end (Master) considers the local clock as the timestamp in the Real-time TransportProtocol (RTP) packet header and encapsulates it in the CES packet; the sink end (Slave) recoversthe clock according to the timestamp in the packet. In this manner, signal impairment during thetransmission is prevented.

The OptiX OSN 500 adopts the enhanced timestamp clock solution. That is, clocks can berecovered based on SN in CES packets rather than timestamps in RTP packet headers. SeeFigure 4-26.

Figure 4-26 CES ACR clock solution

PSN

PE1 PE2BTS BSC


CES

Primaryreference

clock

E1

E1CES

Master

SN

ProcessingProcessing

SN

CESE1

Slave

E1

SN: Sequnce Number

PurposeIn the packet domain, CES ACR is mainly used to transparently transmit E1 clocks in the PSN.For details, see CES ACR Clock Transparent Transmission Solution.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

5 Operation and Maintenance

About This Chapter

The OptiX OSN 500 is of strong maintainability.

5.1 License ControlLicenses grant customers permission to use a equipment version or a function/feature. The OptiXOSN 500 supports a version-specific license.

5.2 DCNReliable network management ensures proper running of a network, and therefore transmissionof network management data becomes very critical. The data communication network (DCN)is a network management data communication channel, with which users can remotely manageand maintain NEs.

5.3 Equipment MaintenanceTo ensure the proper running of a network, routine maintenance and troubleshooting forequipment are a must. The OptiX OSN 500 is of strong maintainability.

5.4 Upgrade MethodsIf the current version of the OptiX OSN 500 cannot meet customer requirements, upgrade theequipment to a higher version. The available upgrade methods are package loading and packagediffusion.

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE Optical TransmissionSystemProduct Description 5 Operation and Maintenance


5-1

5.1 License ControlLicenses grant customers permission to use a equipment version or a function/feature. The OptiXOSN 500 supports a version-specific license.

Table 5-1 lists the information about the version-specific license that the OptiX OSN 500supports.

Table 5-1 Version-specific license that the OptiX OSN 500 supports

License Type Function Application

Version-specific license The product of this version isreleased with a license; thatis, customers can obtaincorresponding permissioncommitted by the supplierbased on the licensecertificate.

l At the deployment phase,you can configure or usethe new functions/features of this versiononly after the license fileof this version is loaded.

l At the maintenancephase, renew the versionlicense after it expires.

NOTEA license's status informationcan be queried on the NMS.

5.2 DCNReliable network management ensures proper running of a network, and therefore transmissionof network management data becomes very critical. The data communication network (DCN)is a network management data communication channel, with which users can remotely manageand maintain NEs.

Table 5-2 lists the DCN solutions that the OptiX OSN 500 supports.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Table 5-2 DCN solutions supported by the OptiX OSN 500

DCNSolution

Purpose and Benefit Feature Networking Technology

InbandDCN

NM information istransmitted through theservice channelsprovided by managedequipment. Therefore,no extra equipment andextra DCN are required.This reduces operatingcost.

Flexible networking: NMinformation isencapsulated intoEthernet frames andcarries a fixed VLAN IDto get separated from theservice data. The NMinformation istransmitted with serviceson service paths.

Identifying FE/GE serviceports with VLAN IDs

5.3 Equipment MaintenanceTo ensure the proper running of a network, routine maintenance and troubleshooting forequipment are a must. The OptiX OSN 500 is of strong maintainability.

Table 5-3 lists the maintenance functions that the OptiX OSN 500 supports.



5-3

Table 5-3 Maintenance functions that the OptiX OSN 500 supports

ApplicationScenario

Function Description

Routinemaintenance

Alarm andperformancemanagement

l Provides audible and visual alarms in case ofemergency, assisting the network administrator intaking prompt measures.

l Provides running status indicators and alarm indicatorson each board, assisting the administrator in locating andhandling faults promptly.

l Provides the alarm input and output function, thusfacilitating the collection of equipment alarms.

l Dynamically monitors the equipment operation andalarm status of all stations on the NMS.

l Detects alarms and performance of a standby systemcontrol board.

l As for the 15-minute monitoring period, the equipmentcan store sixteen 15-minute history performance, that is,four hours of 15-minute history performance.

l As for the 24-hour monitoring period, the equipment canstore six 24-hour history performance, that is, six daysof 24-hour history performance.

RMON l Monitors the data on a transmission network located indifferent network segments. RMON is a supplement tosimple Ethernet performance management means, andcan be used for a wide range of networks.

Upgrade andloading of boardsoftware and NEsoftware

l Supports in-service upgrades and loading of boardsoftware and NE software.

l Supports remote loading of board software and fieldprogrammable gate array (FPGA).

l Supports error-loading-proof and resumable loading.

Voltage check l Measures the input voltage and detects the undervoltageand overvoltage states.

Automatic searchfor optical fibers

l Supports the fiber auto-discovery function on the NMS.

Query of portimpedance

l Supports the query of port impedance on the NMS.

OAM ETH OAM l Detects and monitors the connectivity and performanceof service trails by using outband packets. During theprocess, services are not affected.

l Complies with IEEE 802.1ag and IEEE 802.3ah.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

ApplicationScenario

Function Description

ATM OAM l Detects and locates ATM faults, and monitors ATMperformance.

MPLS OAM l Detects and locates faults within an MPLS network, andworks with MPLS APS to protect services.

l MPLS OAM mechanisms include tunnel OAM and PWOAM. Tunnel OAM operates at the tunnel layer, andPW OAM operates at the PW layer.

Faultlocating

One-click datacollection

l Provides the one-click data collection function to collectfault data, which shortens data collection time beforeservice recovery.

l Users can collect fault data selectively, and can stop acollection process manually.

Loopback l Service boards support inloops and outloops on ports,which facilitates fault locating.

5.4 Upgrade MethodsIf the current version of the OptiX OSN 500 cannot meet customer requirements, upgrade theequipment to a higher version. The available upgrade methods are package loading and packagediffusion.

Table 5-4 lists the upgrade methods available for the OptiX OSN 500.



5-5

Table 5-4 Upgrade methods available for the OptiX OSN 500

UpgradeMethod

Definition ApplicationScenario

Characteristic ApplicableVersion

Package loading With a softwarepackagedescription file,the softwarepackagefunctions as alogical packageof the requiredsoftware. Thislogical packagecan be uploadedto upgrade theentire NE.

l One NEneeds to beupgraded.

l The systemcontrolboard andother boardsmust supportpackageloading.

l There is a CFcard on thesystemcontrolboard.

l All theboards on anNE can beupgraded ona unifiedGUI.

l There is noneed to careabout whichboard toupgrade orwhich filesto update.

TheV100R005C00version andlater support thisupgrademethod.

Packagediffusion

With a softwarepackagedescription file,the softwarepackagefunctions as alogical packageof the requiredsoftware. Thelogical packageis diffused andalmostsynchronouslyloaded to allNEs on anetwork. Thisupgrade methodis moreefficient.

l More thanone NEneeds to beupgraded.

l The systemcontrolboard andother boardsmust supportpackageloading.

l There is a CFcard on thesystemcontrolboard.

l All theboards on anNE can beupgraded ona unifiedGUI.

l There is noneed to careabout whichboard toupgrade orwhich filesto update.

l The softwarepackage isdiffused.

l Networkload andnetworkbandwidthare bothshared.

TheV100R005C00version andlater support thisupgrademethod.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

6 Technical Specifications

About This Chapter

This chapter describes the equipment's general specifications, function/feature indicators, portspecifications, optical module specifications, indicator status explanation, and environmentindicators.

6.1 General SpecificationsThis section describes the chassis dimensions, weight, power consumption, heat consumption,power supply performance, electromagnetic compatibility, and reliability.

6.2 Function/Feature IndicatorsThis section describes the equipment's function/feature indicators.

6.3 Power Consumption and Weight of Each BoardThis section describes the power consumption and weight of each board supported by theequipment.

6.4 Optical Port SpecificationsThis section describes the specifications of OptiX OSN 500's GE optical ports.

6.5 Electrical Port SpecificationsThis section describes the equipment's electrical port specifications. The equipment's electricalports include CES/ATM/IMA service electrical ports and Ethernet electrical ports.

6.6 Optical/Electrical Module SpecificationsThis section describes the optical/electrical module's BOM codes, as well as correspondinginformation and port types.

6.7 Indicator Status ExplanationThis section describes the definitions of indicators supported by the OptiX OSN 500.

6.8 Safety CertificationThe OptiX OSN 500 has passed many safety certifications.

6.9 Environmental SpecificationsThe OptiX OSN 500 requires proper environment for storage, transportation, and operation.

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE Optical TransmissionSystemProduct Description 6 Technical Specifications


6-1

6.1 General SpecificationsThis section describes the chassis dimensions, weight, power consumption, heat consumption,power supply performance, electromagnetic compatibility, and reliability.

Table 6-1 lists the general specifications of the OptiX OSN 500.

Table 6-1 General specifications of the OptiX OSN 500

Item Description

Dimensions(H x W x D)

44 mm x 442 mm x 220 mm

Weight 5.0 kg

PowerConsumption

l Maximum power consumption: 75 Wl Typical power consumption: 35 W

Board configuration for typical power consumption: CSHD + FAN + PIU,as shown in Figure 6-1.

HeatConsumption

l Maximum heat consumption: 256 BTU/hl Typical heat consumption: 120 BTU/h

PowerSupplyPerformance

l Power supply mode: DCl Rated voltage: -48 V or -60 Vl Voltage range: -38.4 V to -57.6 V or -48 V to -72 V

ElectromagneticCompatibility

Complies with EMC Class A.

Reliability l System availability: 0.9999976l Average annual repair rate: < 1.5%l Mean time to repair (MTTR): 2 hoursl Mean time between failures (MTBF): 94.5 years

Figure 6-1 Typical board configurations of the OptiX OSN 500

SLOT6

(FAN)

SLOT5

(PIU) SLOT 2(CSHD)



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

6.2 Function/Feature IndicatorsThis section describes the equipment's function/feature indicators.

Table 6-2 lists the OptiX OSN 500's function/feature indicators.

Table 6-2 OptiX OSN 500 functions and features

Item

Description

MPLSsupportcapability

The packet switching unit of the CSHD board works with a service board to implementMPLS functions.l Setup mode: static LSPsl Protection: 1:1 MPLS tunnel APSl OAM:

– Supports MPLS OAM that complies with ITU-T Y.1711.– Supports LSP ping and LSP traceroute functions.

l Supports a maximum of 1024 unidirectional MPLS tunnels or 512 bidirectionalMPLS tunnels.NOTE

Unidirectional and bidirectional MPLS tunnels share tunnel resources. One bidirectionalMPLS tunnel is equivalent to two unidirectional MPLS tunnels.

The sum of PW count and MPLS tunnel count must not exceed 1024. PW count and MPLStunnel count, however, can be 1024 simultaneously if each MPLS tunnel carries one PW. Thisis because if an MPLS tunnel carries PWs, the MPLS tunnel is not counted and only the carriedPWs are counted.



6-3

Item

Description

PWE3supportcapability

The packet switching unit of the CSHD board works with a service board to implementPWE3 functions.l Service categories

– CES services– ATM PWE3 services– ETH PWE3 services

l Setup mode: static PWsl Protection: 1:1 PW APSl OAM:

– Supports VCCV.– Supports PW OAM that complies with ITU-T Y.1711.– Supports PW ping and PW traceroute functions.

l Supports MS-PWs.l Supports configurable bandwidth.l Supports a maximum of 1024 PWs.

NOTEThe sum of PW count and MPLS tunnel count must not exceed 1024. PW count and MPLStunnel count, however, can be 1024 simultaneously if each MPLS tunnel carries one PW. Thisis because if an MPLS tunnel carries PWs, the MPLS tunnel is not counted and only the carriedPWs are counted.

Service

ServiceType

Description MaximumReceivingCapability

Service Port

Description Connector

Ethernetservice

Supports Native ETHand ETH PWE3services.l Format of Ethernet

data frames: IEEE802.3 and EthernetII

l Jumbo framesl MTU length: 1518

bytes to 9600 bytes(1522 bytes, bydefault)

l MPLS functionsupport

l VLAN functionsupport. The VLANIDs range from 1 to4094.

FE: 16 FE electricalport:10/100BASE-TX

RJ-45

GE: 6 GE opticalport:l 1000BA

SE-LXl 1000BA

SE-VXl 1000BA

SE-ZX

LC



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Item

Description

l Size of a MACaddress table: 16 KB(including staticentries)

GEelectricalport:10/100/1000BASE-T(X)

RJ-45

CESservice

l Service type: point-to-point service

l Encapsulationtypes:– CESoPSN– SAToP

l Compression of idletimeslots: supported(only for CESoPSNencapsulation)

l Iitter compensationbuffering time: 375us to 16000 us

l Packet loading time:125 us to 5000 us

l CES ACR:supported

l Retiming:supported


Anea 96



6-5

Item

Description

ATM/IMAservice

l Number of ATMconnections: 256

l ATM trafficmanagement

l ATM encapsulationformat– N-to-one VPC– N-to-one VCC– One-to-one VPC– One-to-one

VCCl Maximum number

of concatenatedATM cells: 31

l ATM OAM: F4 (VPlayer) and F5 (VClayer)

l Maximum numberof IMA groups: 32

l Maximum numberof members in anIMA group: 16


Anea 96

Protection

MPLSAPS

l Maximum number of protection groups: 32l Switching duration not more than 100 msNOTE


PW APS l Maximum number of protection groups: 32l Switching duration not more than 100 msNOTE


MSTP Supports the MSTP protocol that generates only the CIST. The MSTPprotocol provides functions equivalent to that of the RSTP protocol.

ERPS Supports the ERPS function that complies with ITU-T G.8032/Y.1344.

LPT l Point-point and point-multipoint LPTl Switching duration not more than 5s

LAG l Intra-board LAG and inter-board LAGl A maximum of 16 LAGs. Each LAG has a maximum of 8 members.l Switching duration not more than 500 ms



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Item

Description

Maintenance

MPLSOAM

l Tunnel OAM and PW OAMl Maximum number of MPLS OAM resources: 64NOTE

MPLS OAM and PW OAM share 64 OAM resources.

ETH-OAM

l Supports the following IEEE 802.1ag OAM functions:– Management of OAM maintenance points– Continuity check (CC)– Loopback (LB)– Link trace (LT)

l Supports the following IEEE 802.3ah OAM functions:– OAM auto-discovery– Link performance monitoring– Fault detection– Loopback at the remote end– Self-loop detection and self-looped port blocking

ATMOAM

Maximum number of ATM connections: 256

RMON N/A

Synchronization

SynchronousEthernetclock

l Synchronous Ethernet that complies with ITU-T G.8261 and ITU-TG.8262.

l Port receiving/transmitting synchronous Ethernet clocks: FE/GEl Input/Output of SSM packetsl Clock frequency stability (hold-over mode): less than 50 ppbNOTE

Not supported by SFP electrical modules

When working in 10BASE-T mode, the FE/GE port does not support synchronousEthernet clocks.

CES ACR l Maximum number of CES ACR clocks: 4l The clock performance complies with the ITU-T G.823 Traffic

template.



6-7

Item

Description

Others

QoS l DiffServSupports simple traffic classification by specifying PHB serviceclasses for service flows based on their QoS information (C-VLANpriorities, S-VLAN priorities, DSCP values, or MPLS EXP values)carried by the packets.

l Complex traffic classificationSupports traffic classification based on C-VLAN IDs, S-VLAN IDs,C-VLAN priorities, S-VLAN priorities, C-VLAN IDs + C-VLANpriorities, S-VLAN IDs + S-VLAN priorities, or DSCP valuescarried by packets.

l CARProvides the CAR function for the traffic flows at ports.

l ShapingSupports traffic shaping for a specific port, prioritized queue, ortraffic flow.

l Queue scheduling policies– SP– WRR– SP+WRR

6.3 Power Consumption and Weight of Each BoardThis section describes the power consumption and weight of each board supported by theequipment.

Table 6-3 lists the power consumption and weight of the boards supported by the OptiX OSN500.

Table 6-3 Power consumption and weight of boards supported by the OptiX OSN 500

Board Power Consumption (W) Weight (kg)

CSHD 32.2 1.00

MD1 12.2 0.50

EM6T 10.4 0.37

EM6F 11.3 0.40

PIU 0.5 0.12

FAN l Room temperature (25°C): 2.3l High temperature (55°C): 17.0

0.20



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

6.4 Optical Port SpecificationsThis section describes the specifications of OptiX OSN 500's GE optical ports.

Specifications of GE Optical PortsThe GE optical ports of the OptiX OSN 500 comply with IEEE 802.3. Table 6-4 lists the mainspecifications.

Table 6-4 Specifications of OptiX OSN 500's GE optical ports

Item Value

Nominal bit rate(Mbit/s)

1000

Optical port type 1000BASE-LX 1000BASE-VX 1000BASE-ZX

Optical fiber type Single-mode LC Single-mode LC Single-mode LC

Transmissiondistance (km)

10 40 80

Operatingwavelength (nm)

1270 to 1355 1270 to 1355 1500 to 1580

Mean launchedpower (dBm)

-9 to -3 -5 to 0 -2 to +5

Receiverminimumsensitivity (dBm)

-20 -23 -23

Minimumoverload (dBm)

-3 -3 -3

Minimumextinction ratio(dB)

9 9 9

NOTE

With different SFP modules, the equipment provides GE optical ports with different types and transmissiondistances.

6.5 Electrical Port SpecificationsThis section describes the equipment's electrical port specifications. The equipment's electricalports include CES/ATM/IMA service electrical ports and Ethernet electrical ports.



6-9

CES/ATM/IMA Service Electrical PortsTable 6-5 lists the specifications of OptiX OSN 500's CES/ATM/IMA service electrical ports.

Table 6-5 Specifications of OptiX OSN 500's CES/ATM/IMA service electrical ports

Item Performance

Standard compliance ITU-T G.703/G.823

Nominal bit rate (kbit/s) 2048

Code pattern HDB3

Impedance (ohm) 75 120

Pair in each direction One coaxial pair One symmetrical pair

Port type Anea 96

Ethernet Electrical PortsTable 6-6 lists the specifications of OptiX OSN 500's Ethernet electrical ports.

Table 6-6 Specifications of OptiX OSN 500's Ethernet electrical ports

Service Port Port Rate Code Pattern Port Type

GE/FE electricalport

10BASE-T Manchester codingsignals

RJ-45

GE/FE electricalport

100BASE-TX MLT-3 coding signal

GE electricalport

1000BASE-T 4D-PAM5 codingsignal

6.6 Optical/Electrical Module SpecificationsThis section describes the optical/electrical module's BOM codes, as well as correspondinginformation and port types.

Introduction to SFP/Electrical Optical ModulesThe CSHD and EM6F boards on the OptiX OSN 500 support small form-factor pluggable (SFP)optical /electrical modules, and the CSHD board also supports SFP electrical modules. To changethe type of receive services or replace a faulty optical/electrical module, all you need to do isdirectly change the pluggable optical/electrical module rather than the board.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Usage Appearance Dimensions(H x W x D)

BOM Code

Small form-factorpluggable optical/electricaltransceiver, whichis mainly used forEthernet datacommunication

In the example of anSFP optical module:

8.5 mm x 13.4mm x 56.5 mm

The BOM code of apluggable optical/electricalmodule identifies differenttypes of optical/electricalmodules. A BOM code canbe printed on a label that isattached to a pluggableoptical/electrical module.

SFP/eSFP optical modules supported by the OptiX OSN 500BOM Code Optical Module

NameOptical ModuleSpecifications

Applicable Board

34060473 1.25 Gbit/s eSFPoptical module

Optical transceiver,eSFP, 1310 nm, 1.25Gbit/s, -9 dBm to -3dBm, -20 dBm, LC,single-mode, 10 km

CSHD, EM6F


Optical transceiver,eSFP, 1310 nm, 1.25Gbit/s, -5 dBm to 0dBm, -23 dBm, LC,single-mode, 40 km

CSHD, EM6F


Optical transceiver,eSFP, 1550 nm, 1.25Gbit/s, -2 dBm to +5dBm, -23 dBm, LC,single-mode, 80 km

CSHD, EM6F

34060470 1.25 Gbit/s single-fiber bidirectionaleSFP optical module

Single-fiberbidirectionalmodule, eSFP, Tx1310 nm/Rx 1490nm, 1.25 Gbit/s, -9dBm to -3 dBm,-19.5 dBm, LC,single-mode, 10 km

CSHD, EM6F



6-11

BOM Code Optical ModuleName

Optical ModuleSpecifications

Applicable Board

34060475 1.25 Gbit/s single-fiber bidirectionaleSFP optical module

Single-fiberbidirectionalmodule, eSFP, Tx1490 nm/Rx 1310nm, 1.25 Gbit/s, -9dBm to -3 dBm,-19.5 dBm, LC,single-mode, 10 km

CSHD, EM6F

NOTE

"Optical Module Specifications" are name, encapsulation form, operating wavelength, rate, minimumoutput optical power, maximum output optical power, receiver sensitivity, optical port type, optical fibertype, transmission distance.

SFP electrical modules supported by the OptiX OSN 500BOM Code Electrical Module

NameElectrical ModuleSpecifications

Applicable Board

34100052 1000BASE-T RJ-45electrical interfaceSFP module

1000BASE-T,(RJ-45) SFPelectrical module,auto negotiate, 100 m

CSHD

6.7 Indicator Status ExplanationThis section describes the definitions of indicators supported by the OptiX OSN 500.

NOTEThere is no indicator on the OptiX OSN 500 chassis.

Table 6-7 lists the definitions of indicators supported by the boards on the OptiX OSN 500.

Table 6-7 Definitions of indicators supported by the boards on the OptiX OSN 500

Indicator State Meaning Applicable Board

STAT On (green) The board is workingproperly.

CSHD/MD1/EM6T/EM6F

On (red) The board hardwareis faulty.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)


Off l The board is notworking orcreated.

l There is no powersupplied to thesystem.

PROG Blinks on (green) andoff at 100 msintervals

When the board isbeing powered on orreset, the software isbeing loaded.

CSHD/EM6T/EM6F

Blinks on (green) andoff at 300 msintervals

When the board isbeing powered on orreset, the boardsoftware is in BIOSboot state.

Blinks on (red) andoff at 100 msintervals

When the board isbeing powered on orbeing reset, theBOOTROM self-check fails.

On (green) The upper layersoftware is beinginitialized.

On (red) l When the board isbeing powered orbeing reset, thememory self-check fails orloading upperlayer softwarefails.

l When the board isrunning, the logicfile or upper layersoftware is lost.

l The pluggablestorage card isfaulty.

Off The software isrunning normally.

SYNC On (green) The clock is normal. CSHD

On (red) The clock source islost or is switched.



6-13


SRV On (green) The system/service isworking properly.

CSHD/EM6T/EM6F

On (red) A critical or majoralarm occurs in thesystem/service.

On (yellow) A minor or remotealarm occurs in thesystem/service.

Off l For the CSHDboard, there is nopower supplied tothe system.

l For the serviceboard, no serviceis configured.

ACT1/ACT2 On or blinking(yellow)

The GE1/GE2 port isreceiving ortransmitting data.

CSHD

Off The GE1/GE2 port isnot receiving ortransmitting data.

LINK1/LINK2(EM6F)

On (green) The GE1/GE2 port isconnected correctly,and is not receivingor transmitting data.

EM6F

Blinking (yellow) The GE1/GE2 port isreceiving ortransmitting data.

Off GE1/GE2 port isconnected correctlyor is abnormal.

LINK1/LINK2(CSHD)

On (green) The GE1/GE2 port isconnected correctly.

CSHD

Off The GE1/GE2 port isdisconnected.

PWRA/PWRB On (green) Power is beingsupplied.

PIU

Off Power is off or powersupplies areconnectedincorrectly.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)


FAN On (green) The fan board isworking properly.

FAN

On (red) The fan board isfaulty.

Off The fan board is notpowered on or is notinstalled.

CRIT/MAJ/MIN On (red) The NE has critical/major/minor alarms.

FAN

Off The NE has critical/major/minor alarms.

6.8 Safety CertificationThe OptiX OSN 500 has passed many safety certifications.

Table 6-8 lists the safety certifications that the OptiX OSN 500 has passed.

Table 6-8 Safety certifications that the OptiX OSN 500 has passed

Item Standard

Electromagnetic compatibility l CE certificationl ETSI EN 301 489-1l ETSI EN 301 489-4l CISPR 22l EN 55022

Surge protection l ITU-T K.27l ETSI EN 300 253

Safety l CE certificationl ETSI EN 60215l ETSI EN 60950l IEC 60825l GB 4943

Environmental protection l RoHS

6.9 Environmental SpecificationsThe OptiX OSN 500 requires proper environment for storage, transportation, and operation.



6-15

6.9.1 Storage EnvironmentThis section provides the requirements on the storage environment for the OptiX OSN 500.

6.9.2 Transportation EnvironmentThis section provides the requirements on the transportation environment for the OptiX OSN500.

6.9.3 Operation EnvironmentThis section provides the requirements on the operation environment for the OptiX OSN 500.

6.9.1 Storage EnvironmentThis section provides the requirements on the storage environment for the OptiX OSN 500.

Climate

Table 6-9 lists the climate requirements for the storage environment.

Table 6-9 Climate requirements for the storage environment

Item Range

Altitude ≤ 4000 m

Atmospheric pressure 70-106 kPa

Temperature -40°C to +70°C

Temperature change rate ≤ 1°C/min

Relative humidity 5% to 100%

Solar radiation ≤ 1120 W/s2

Heat radiation ≤ 600 W/s2

Wind speed ≤ 30 m/s

Waterproofing Requirements

Requirements for storing equipment on site: Generally, the equipment must be stored indoors.

No water should remain on the floor or leak into the equipment crate. The equipment should beplaced away from areas where water leakage is possible (for example, do not place nearautomatic fire-fighting extinguishing and heating systems.

Ensure all the following four conditions if the equipment is stored outdoors:

l The crate is intact.

l Proper rain-proofing measures are taken to prevent water from entering the crate.

l No water is on the ground where the crate is placed and water is not seeped into the crate.

l The carton is not exposed to direct sunlight.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Biological Environmentl Avoid multiplication of microbes (such as eumycete and mycete).l Control and exclude rodents (such as mice).

Air Cleanlinessl The air must be free from explosive, electric-conductive, magnetic-conductive or corrosive

dust.l Table 6-10 lists the density limitations for mechanically active substances during storage.

Table 6-10 Density requirements for mechanical active substances during storage

Mechanical Active Substance Content

Suspended dust ≤ 5.00 mg/m3

Precipitable dust ≤ 20.0 mg/m²·h

Sand particles ≤ 300 mg/m3

l Table 6-11 lists the density requirements for chemically active substances.

Table 6-11 Density requirements for chemically active substances during storage

Chemically Active Substance Content

SO2 ≤ 0.30 mg/m3

H2S ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

NO2 ≤ 0.50 mg/m3

NH3 ≤ 1.00 mg/m3

CL2 ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

HCL ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

HF ≤ 0.01 mg/m3

O3 ≤ 0.05 mg/m3

Mechanical StressTable 6-12 lists the limitations for mechanical stress during storage.



6-17

Table 6-12 Limitations for mechanical stress during storage

Item Sub-Item Range

Sinusoidalvibration

Displacement 1.5 mm

Acceleration 5 m/s2

Frequency range 2-9 Hz 9-200 Hz

Static load Static pressure Static pressure = Product weight x(Maximum number of stacked layers thatis specified on the product package - 1) x5 x 9.8 (N)

NOTEStatic load is the pressure from the upside that the packaged equipment can tolerate when equipmentis stacked in the specified manner.

6.9.2 Transportation EnvironmentThis section provides the requirements on the transportation environment for the OptiX OSN500.

Climate

Table 6-13 lists the climate requirements for the transportation environment.

Table 6-13 Climate requirements for the transportation environment

Item Range

Altitude ≤ 4000 m

Aire pressure 70-106 kPa

Temperature -40°C to +70°C

Temperature change rate ≤ 1°C/min

Relative humidity 5% to 100%




Waterproofing Requirement

Ensure the following conditions are met when transporting the equipment:

l The crate is intact.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

l Proper rain-proofing measures are taken on the vehicle to prevent water from entering thecrate.

l No water is present in the vehicle.

Biological Environmentl Avoid multiplication of microbes (such as eumycete and mycete).l Keep rodents such as mice away.


dust.l Table 6-14 lists the density limitations for mechanically active substances during

transportation.

Table 6-14 Density limitations for mechanically active substances during transportation

Mechanically Active Substance Content

Suspended dust No requirement

Precipitable dust ≤ 3.0 mg/m2·h


l Table 6-15 lists the density limitations for chemically active substances.

Table 6-15 Density limitations for chemically active substances

Chemically Active Substance Content

SO2 ≤ 1.00 mg/m3

H2S ≤ 0.50 mg/m3

NOx ≤ 1.00 mg/m3

NH3 ≤ 3.00 mg/m3

CL2 -

HCL ≤ 0.50 mg/m3

HF ≤ 0.03 mg/m3

O3 ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

Mechanical StressTable 6-16 lists the mechanical stress requirements for the transportation environment.



6-19

Table 6-16 Mechanical stress requirements for the transportation environment

Item Sub-Item Range

Randomvibration

Accelerationspectral density

1 m2/s3 -3 dBA


Impact Response spectrumI (weight of sample> 50 kg)

100 m/s2, 11 ms, 100 times for each panel

Response spectrumII (weight of sample≤ 50 kg)

180 m/s2, 6 ms, 100 times for each panel

Drop Weight (kg) Height (m)

< 10 1.0

< 15 1.0

< 20 0.8

< 30 0.6

< 40 0.5

< 50 0.4

< 100 0.3

> 100 0.1

Static load Static pressure Static pressure = Product weight x (Maximumnumber of stacked layers that is specified on theproduct package - 1) x 5 x 9.8 (N)

NOTEImpact response spectrum: maximum acceleration response curve that the equipment generates whenstruck with the stipulated impact.

Static load is the pressure from the upside that the packaged equipment can tolerate when equipmentis stacked in the specified manner.

6.9.3 Operation EnvironmentThis section provides the requirements on the operation environment for the OptiX OSN 500.

ClimateTable 6-17 and Table 6-18 list the climate requirements for the operation environment of theOptiX OSN 500.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Table 6-17 Requirements for temperature and humidity

Working Temperature Relative Humidity

0°C to 45°C 5% to 95%

NOTEThe temperature and humidity values are tested at 1.5 m above the floor and 0.4 m in front of the equipment.

Table 6-18 Other climate requirements

Item Range

Altitude ≤ 4000 m

Air pressure 70-106 kPa

Temperature change rate ≤ 30°C/h




Biological Environmentl Avoid multiplication of microbes (such as eumycete and mycete).

l Keep rodents such as mice away.


dust.

l Table 6-19 lists the density limitations for mechanically active substances during operation.

Table 6-19 Density limitations for mechanically active substances during operation

Mechanically ActiveSubstance

Content

Dust particle ≤ 3x105/m3

Suspended dust ≤ 0.2 mg/m3

Precipitable dust ≤1.5 mg/m²·h


l Table 6-20 lists the density limitations for chemically active substances.



6-21

Table 6-20 Density limitations for chemically active substances

Chemically ActiveSubstance

Content

SO2 ≤ 0.30 mg/m3

H2S ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

NH3 ≤ 1.00 mg/m3

CL2 ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

HCL ≤ 0.10 mg/m3

HF ≤ 0.01 mg/m3

O3 ≤ 0.05 mg/m3

NOx ≤ 0.50 mg/m3

Mechanical StressTable 6-21 lists the limitations for mechanical stress during operation.

Table 6-21 Limitations for mechanical stress during operation

Item Sub-Item Range

Sinusoidalvibration

Velocity ≤ 5 mm/s -

Acceleration - ≤ 2 m/s²


Non-steadyimpact

Impact responsespectrum

Half-sine wave, 30 m/s2, 11 ms, three timesfor each panel

NOTEImpact response spectrum: maximum acceleration response curve that the equipment generates whenstruck with the stipulated impact.



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

7 Energy Saving and EnvironmentalProtection

The OptiX 500 complies with RoHS directive (2002/96/CE) and WEEE directive (2002/95/CE)

Energy ConservationThe OptiX OSN 500 adopts a variety of technologies to reduce equipment energy.l Uses an easy scheme for board design.l Replaces ordinary chips with ASIC chips that require low power consumption.l Uses highly efficient power modules.l Replaces linear power supplies with switched power supplies.

Environmental ProtectionThe is designed according to the requirements of environmental protection. The productcomplies with RoHS directive.

l The equipment is amply packaged while materials as conserved. The size of the packagecontaining the equipment and accessories is at most three times the size of the netequipment.

l The product is also designed for easy unpacking. All hazardous substances contained inthe packaging decompose easily.

l Every plastic component that weighs over 25 g is labeled according to the standards of ISO11469 and ISO 1043-1 to ISO 1043-4.

l All components and packages of the equipment are provided with standard labels forrecycling.

l Plugs and connectors are easy to find, and the associated operations can be performed byusing simple tools.

l All the attached materials, such as labels, are easy to remove.l Certain types of identifying information, such as silkscreens, are printed on the front panel

or subrack.

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE Optical TransmissionSystemProduct Description 7 Energy Saving and Environmental Protection


7-1

8 Standard Compliance

About This Chapter

This section provides the standards which the OptiX OSN 500 complies with.

8.1 ITU-T RecommendationsThis section provides the ITU-T Recommendations that the OptiX OSN 500 complies with.

8.2 IETF StandardsThis section provides the IETF standards that the OptiX OSN 500 complies with.

8.3 IEEE StandardsThis section provides the IEEE standards that the OptiX OSN 500 complies with.

8.4 Environment Related StandardsThis section provides the environment related standards that the OptiX OSN 500 complies with.

8.5 MEF StandardsThis section provides the MEF standards that the OptiX OSN 500 complies with.

8.6 ATM StandardsThis section provides the ATM standards that the OptiX OSN 500 complies with.

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE Optical TransmissionSystemProduct Description 8 Standard Compliance


8-1

8.1 ITU-T RecommendationsThis section provides the ITU-T Recommendations that the OptiX OSN 500 complies with.

Table 8-1 ITU-T recommendations

Recommendation

Description

ITU-T G.664 Optical safety procedures and requirements for optical transportsystems

ITU-T G.702 Digital hierarchy bit rates

ITU-T G.703 Physical/electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces

ITU-T G.704 Synchronous frame structures used at 1544, 6312, 2048, 8448 and44,736 kbit/s hierarchical levels

ITU-T G.706 Frame alignment and cyclic redundancy check(CRC) proceduresrelating to basic frame structures defined in Recommendation G.704

ITU-T G.773 Protocol suites for Q-interfaces for management of transmissionsystems

ITU-T G.7710 Common equipment management function requirements

ITU-T G.781 Synchronization layer functions

ITU-T G.810 Definitions and terminology for synchronization networks

ITU-T G.811 Timing characteristics of primary reference clocks

ITU-T G.812 Timing requirements of slave clocks suitable for use as node clocks insynchronization networks

ITU-T G.813 Timing characteristics of SDH equipment slave clocks(SEC)

ITU-T G.7043/Y.1343

Virtual concatenation of Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)signals

ITU-T G.8010 Architecture of Ethernet layer networks

ITU-T G.8011 Ethernet over Transport - Ethernet services framework

ITU-T G.8011.1 Ethernet private line service

ITU-T G.8011.2 Ethernet virtual private line service

ITU-T G.8012 Ethernet UNI and Ethernet over transport NNI

ITU-T G.8021 Characteristics of Ethernet transport network equipment functionalblocks

ITU-T G.8110 MPLS layer network architecture

ITU-T G.8110.1 Application of MPLS in the transport network



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Recommendation

Description

ITU-T G.8121 Characteristics of transport MPLS equipment functional blocks

ITU-T G.8112 Interfaces for the transport MPLS (T-MPLS) hierarchy

ITU-T G.8131 Protection switching for transport MPLS (T-MPLS) networks

ITU-T G.8261 Timing and synchronization aspects in packet networks

ITU-T G.8262 Timing characteristics of synchronous Ethernet equipment slave clock(EEC)

ITU-T G.8264 Timing distribution through packet networks

ITU-T Y.1541 Network performance objectives for IP-based services

ITU-T Y.1710 Requirements for OAM functionality for MPLS networks

ITU-T Y.1730 Requirements for OAM functions in Ethernet based networks andEthernet services

ITU-T Y.1731 OAM functions and mechanisms for Ethernet based networks

ITU-T G.8032 Ethernet Ring Protection Switching

ITU-T Y.1711 Operation & Maintenance mechanism for MPLS networks

ITU-T Y.1720 Protection switching for MPLS networks

ITU-T I.610 B-ISDN operation and maintenance principles and functions

ITU-T Y.1291 An architectural framework for support of quality of service (QoS) inpacket networks

8.2 IETF StandardsThis section provides the IETF standards that the OptiX OSN 500 complies with.

Table 8-2 IETF standards

Standard Description

RFC 2819 Remote Network Monitoring Management InformationBase

draft-ietf-l2vpn-oam-req-frmk-05

L2VPN OAM requirements and framework

RFC 4664 Framework for layer 2 virtual private networks (L2VPNs)

RFC 3031 MPLS architecture

RFC 3469 Framework for multi-protocol label switching (MPLS)-based recovery



8-3


RFC 3811 Definitions of textual conventions for multiprotocol labelswitching (MPLS) management

RFC 3813 Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) label switchingrouter (LSR) management information base

RFC 3814 Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) forwardingequivalence class to next hop label forwarding entry (FEC-To-NHLFE) management information base

RFC 4221 Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) managementoverview

RFC 4377 Operations and management (OAM) requirements formulti-protocol label switched (MPLS) networks

RFC 4378 A framework for multi-protocol label switching (MPLS)operations and management (OAM)

RFC 3032 MPLS label stack encoding

RFC 3443 Time to live (TTL) processing in multi-protocol labelswitching (MPLS) networks

RFC 3916 Requirements for pseudo-wire emulation edge-to-edge(PWE3)

RFC 3985 Pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) architecture

RFC 4197 Requirements for edge-to-edge emulation of time divisionmultiplexed (TDM) circuits over packet switchingnetworks

RFC 4385 Pseudowire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) control wordfor use over an MPLS PSN

RFC 4446 IANA allocations for pseudowire edge to edge emulation(PWE3)

RFC 0826 Ethernet address resolution protocol

RFC 3270 Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) support ofdifferentiated services

RFC 4448 Encapsulation methods for transport of Ethernet overMPLS networks

RFC 4553 Structure-agnostic time division multiplexing (TDM) overpacket (SAToP)

RFC 5085 Pseudo wire virtual circuit connectivity verification(VCCV)

RFC 5086 Structure-Aware Time Division Multiplexed (TDM)Circuit Emulation Service over Packet Switched Network(CESoPSN)



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)


RFC 4717 Encapsulation Methods for Transport of AsynchronousTransfer Mode (ATM) over MPLS Networks

RFC 4816 Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3)Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Transparent CellTransport Service

RFC 4385 Pseudowire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) control wordfor use over an MPLS PSN

RFC 5254 Requirements for Multi-Segment Pseudowire EmulationEdge-to-Edge (PWE3)

draft-ietf-pwe3-segmented-pw-03

Segmented pseudo wire

draft-ietf-pwe3-ms-pw-requirements-03

Requirements for inter domain pseudo-wires

draft-ietf-pwe3-ms-pw-arch-02 An architecture for multi-segment pseudo wire emulationedge-to-edge

RFC 3644 Policy quality of service (QoS) Information model

RFC 2212 Specification of guaranteed quality of service

RFC 2474 Definition of the differentiated services field (DS Field) inthe IPv4 and IPv6 headers

RFC 2475 An architecture for differentiated services

RFC 2597 Assured forwarding PHB group

RFC 2698 A two rate three color marker

RFC 3246 An expedited forwarding PHB (Per-hop behavior)

RFC 3270 Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) support ofdifferentiated services

8.3 IEEE StandardsThis section provides the IEEE standards that the OptiX OSN 500 complies with.

Table 8-3 IEEE standards


IEEE 802.1D Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges

IEEE 802.1Q Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks

IEEE 802.1ad Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks Amendment 4: Provider Bridges



8-5


IEEE 802.3ah Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications Amendment: MediaAccess Control Parameters, Physical Layers, and ManagementParameters for Subscriber Access Networks

IEEE 802.1ag Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks - Amendment 5: Connectivity FaultManagement

IEEE 802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)access method and physical layer specifications

IEEE 802.3u Type 100BASE-T MAC parameters, Physical Layer, MAUs, andRepeater for 100 Mb/s Operation

IEEE 802.3x Full Duplex Operation and Type 100BASE-T2

8.4 Environment Related StandardsThis section provides the environment related standards that the OptiX OSN 500 complies with.

Table 8-4 Environment related standards


CISPR 22 Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristicsof information

EN 60950-1 Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 1:General requirements

UL 1950-1 Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 1:General requirements

IEC 60825-1 Safety of laser products-Part 1:Equipment classification, requirementsand user's guide

IEC 60825-2 Safety of laser products-Part 2:Safety of optical fiber communicationsystems(OFCS)

IEC 60950-1 Information technology equipment-Safety-Part 1:General requirements

IEC 61000-4-2 Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC) Part 2:Testing and measurementtechniques Section 2:Electrostatic discharge immunity test Basic EMCPublication

IEC 61000-4-3 Electromagnetic compatibility; Part 3:Testing and measurementtechniques Section 3 radio frequency electromagnetic fields; immunitytest.

IEC 61000-4-4 Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC) Part 4:Testing and measurementtechniques Section 4:Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test BasicEMC publication



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)


IEC 61000-4-5 Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC) Part 5:Testing and measurementtechniques Section 5:Sruge immunity test

IEC 61000-4-6 Electromagnetic compatibility: Part 6:Testing and measurementtechniques: Section 6 conducted disturbances induced by radio-frequency fields; immunity test

ETSI EN 300019-1-3

Environmental conditions and environmental tests for telecommunica-tions equipment;

ETS 300 753 Equipment Engineering (EE);Acoustic noise emitted by telecommunica-tions equipment

IEC 60825 Safety of laser products

IEC 60297 Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 482.6 mm (19 in) series

8.5 MEF StandardsThis section provides the MEF standards that the OptiX OSN 500 complies with.

Table 8-5 MEF standards


MEF 2 Requirements and framework for Ethernet service protection in metroEthernet networks

MEF 4 Metro Ethernet network architecture framework - Part 1: generic framework

MEF 9 Abstract Test Suite for Ethernet Services at the UNI

MEF 10 Ethernet services attributes phase 1

MEF 14 Abstract Test Suite for Traffic Management Phase 1

8.6 ATM StandardsThis section provides the ATM standards that the OptiX OSN 500 complies with.

Table 8-6 ATM standards


AF-PHY-0086.001

AF-PHY-0086.001 Inverse Multiplexing for ATM Specification Version1.1

AF-TM-0121.000

Traffic Management Specification



8-7



Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

A Glossary

Terms and abbreviations are listed in an alphabetical order.

A.1 Numerics

A.2 A

A.3 B

A.4 C

A.5 D

A.6 E

A.7 F

A.8 G

A.9 H

A.10 I

A.11 J

A.12 L

A.13 M

A.14 N

A.15 O

A.16 P

A.17 Q

A.18 R

A.19 S

A.20 T

A.21 U

A.22 V

OptiX OSN 500 Multi-Service CPE Optical TransmissionSystemProduct Description A Glossary


A-1

A.23 W

A Glossary


Product Description

A-2 Huawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

A.1 Numerics1+1 protection An architecture that has one normal traffic signal, one working SNC/trail, one protection

SNC/trail and a permanent bridge. At the source end, the normal traffic signal ispermanently bridged to both the working and protection SNC/trail. At the sink end, thenormal traffic signal is selected from the better of the two SNCs/trails. Due to thepermanent bridging, the 1+1 architecture does not allow an extra unprotected trafficsignal to be provided.

100BASE-T IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD local area network.

100BASE-TX IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mb/s CSMA/CD local area networkover two pairs of Category 5 unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) or shielded twisted-pair(STP) wire.

10BASE-T Defined in IEEE 802.3, it is an Ethernet specification that uses the twist pair with themaximum length of 100 meters at 10 Mbit/s for each network segment.

1:N protection A 1:N protection architecture has N normal service signals, N working SNCs/trails andone protection SNC/trail. It may have one extra service signal.

1PPS Pulse per second, which, strictly speaking, is not a time synchronization signal. This isbecause 1PPS provides only the "gauge" corresponding to the UTC second, but does notprovide the information about the day, month, or year. Therefore, 1PPS is used as thereference for frequency synchronization. On certain occasions, 1PPS can also be usedon other interfaces for high precision timing.

3R Reshaping, Retiming, Regenerating.

A.2 AABR Available Bit Rate

AC Alternating Current

ACAP The Adjacent Channel Alternate Polarization (ACAP) operation provides orthogonalpolarizations between two adjacent communication channels.

Active/Standbyswitching of cross-connect board

If there are two cross-connect boards on the SDH equipment, which are in hot back-uprelation of each other, the operation reliability is improved. When both the cross-connectboards are in position, the one inserted first is in the working status. Unplug the activeboard, the standby one will run in the working status automatically. When the activecross-connect board fails in self-test, the board is pulled out, the board power supplyfails or the board hardware operation fails, the standby cross-connect board canautomatically take the place of the active one.

add/drop multiplexer A network element that adds/drops the PDH signal or STM-x (x < N) signal to/from theSTM-N signal on the SDH transport network.

ADM See add/drop multiplexer

ADM See optical add/drop multiplexing



A-3

Administrative Unit The information structure which provides adaptation between the higher order path layerand the multiplex section layer. It consists of an information payload (the higher orderVC) and a AU pointer which indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative tothe multiplex section frame start.

Administrative UnitGroup

One or more Administrative Units occupying fixed, defined positions in an STM payloadare termed an Administrative Unit Group (AUG).An AUG-1 consists of a homogeneousassembly of AU-3s or an AU-4.

Administrator A user who has authority to access all the Management Domains of the EMLCoreproduct. He has access to the whole network and to all the management functionalities.

aging time N/A

AIS Alarm Indication Signal

Alarm A means of alerting the operator that specified abnormal condition exists.

Alarm automaticreport

When an alarm is generated on the device side, the alarm is reported to the N2000. Then,an alarm panel prompts and the user can view the details of the alarm.

alarm cable The cable for generation of visual or audio alarms.

alarm filtering The alarms are reported to the N2000 BMS, which decides whether to display and savethe alarms according to the filtering states of the alarms. The filtered alarms are notdisplayed and saved on the N2000 BMS, but still monitored.

alarm indication On the cabinet of an NE, there are four indicators in different colors indicating the currentstatus of the NE. When the green indicator is on, it indicates that the NE is powered on.When the red indicator is on, it indicates that a critical alarm is generated. When theorange indicator is on, it indicates that a major alarm is generated. When the yellowindicator is on, it indicates that a minor alarm is generated. The ALM alarm indicator onthe front panel of a board indicates the current status of the board. (Metro)

Alarm indication signal A code sent downstream in a digital network as an indication that an upstream failurehas been detected. It is associated with multiple transport layers.

Alarm inversion For the port that has already been configured but has no service, this function can beused to avoid generating relevant alarm information, thus preventing alarm interference.The alarm report condition of the NE port is related to the alarm inverse mode (notinverse, automatic recovery and manual recovery) setting of the NE and the alarminversion status (Enable and Disable) setting of the port. When the alarm inversion modeof NE is set to no inversion, alarms of the port will be reported as usual no matter whateverthe inversion status of the port is. When the alarm inversion mode of the NE is set toautomatic recovery, and the alarm inversion state of the port is set to Enabled, then thealarm of the port will be suppressed. The alarm inversion status of the port willautomatically recover to "not inverse" after the alarm ends. For the port that has alreadybeen configured but not actually loaded with services, this function can be used to avoidgenerating relevant alarm information, thus preventing alarm interference. When thealarm inverse mode of the NE is set as "not automatic recovery", if the alarm inversionstatus of the port is set as Enable, the alarm of the port will be reported.

Alarm Masking Alarms are detected and reported to the N2000 UMS, and whether the alarm informationis displayed and stored is decided by the function of alarm masking. These alarms maskedare not displayed and stored on the N2000 UMS.

Alarm Severity Alarm severity is used to identify the impact of a fault on services. According to ITU-Trecommendations, the alarm is classified into four severities: Critical, Major, Minor,Warning.

A Glossary


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Alarm suppression When alarms of various levels occur at the same time, certain lower-level alarms aresuppressed by higher-level alarms, and thus will not be reported.

ALS See Automatic laser shutdown

APS See Automatic Protection Switching

asynchronous Pertaining to, being, or characteristic of something that is not dependent on timing.

AsynchronousTransfer Mode

A data transfer technology based on cell, in which packets allocation relies on channeldemand. It supports fast packet switching to achieve efficient utilization of networkresources. The size of a cell is 53 bytes, which consist of 48-byte payload and 5-byteheader.

ATM See Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATPC See Automatic Transmit Power Control

attenuation Reduction of signal magnitude or signal loss, usually expressed in decibels.

AU See Administrative Unit

AUG See Administrative Unit Group

auto-negotiation A mechanism that enables devices to negotiate the SPEED and MODE (duplex or half-duplex) of an Ethernet Link.

Automatic lasershutdown

A function that enables the shutdown of the laser when the optical interface board doesnot carry services or the fiber is faulty. The automatic laser shutdown (ALS) functionshortens the working time of the laser and thus extends the service life of the laser. Inaddition, the ALS prevents human injury caused by the laser beam.

Automatic ProtectionSwitching

Automatic Protection Switching (APS) is the capability of a transmission system todetect a failure on a working facility and to switch to a standby facility to recover thetraffic.

Automatic TransmitPower Control

A method of automatically adjusting the transmit power at the opposite end based on thetransmit signal detected at the receiver.

A.3 Bbackplane A backplane is an electronic circuit board containing circuitry and sockets into which

additional electronic devices on other circuit boards or cards can be plugged; in acomputer, generally synonymous with or part of the motherboard.

backup A periodic operation performed on the data stored in the database for the purposes ofdatabase recovery in case that the database is faulty. The backup also refers to datasynchronization between active and standby boards.

bandwidth A range of transmission frequencies that a transmission line or channel can carry in anetwork. In fact, it is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies thetransmission line or channel. The greater the bandwidth, the faster the data transfer rate.

BDI Backward Defect Indicator

BER See Bit Error Rate

Binding strap A component installed on two sides of the cabinet for binding various cables.

binding strap The binding strap is 12.7 mm wide, with one hook side (made of transparentpolypropylene material) and one mat side (made of black nylon material).



A-5

BIP BIP-X code is defined as a method of error monitoring. With even parity an X-bit codeis generated by the transmitting equipment over a specified portion of the signal in sucha manner that the first bit of the code provides even parity over the first bit of all X-bitsequences in the covered portion of the signal, the second bit provides even parity overthe second bit of all X-bit sequences within the specified portion, etc. Even parity isgenerated by setting the BIP-X bits so that there is an even number of 1s in each monitoredpartition of the signal. A monitored partition comprises all bits which are in the same bitposition within the X-bit sequences in the covered portion of the signal. The coveredportion includes the BIP-X.

bit error An error that occurs in some bits in the digital code stream after being received, judged,and regenerated, thus damaging the quality of the transmitted information

Bit Error Rate Bit error rate. Ratio of received bits that contain errors. BER is an important index usedto measure the communications quality of a network.

BITS See Building Integrated Timing Supply

bound path Binding several seriel paths into a parallel path, thus improving the data throughputcapacity.

BPDU Bridge Protocol Data Unit

bridge A device that connects two or more networks and forwards packets among them. Bridgesoperate at the physical network level. Bridges differs from repeaters because bridgesstore and forward complete packets, while repeaters forward all electrical signals.Bridges differ from routers because bridges use physical addresses, while routers use IPaddresses.

broadcast The process of sending packets from a source to multiple destinations. All the ports ofthe nodes in the network can receive packets.

Broadcast A means of delivering information to all members in a network. The broadcast range isdetermined by the broadcast address.

BSC Base Station Controller

BSS Base Station Subsystem

Build-in WDM A function which integrates some simple WDM systems into products that belong to theOSN series . That is, the OSN products can add or drop several wavelengths directly.

Building IntegratedTiming Supply

A building timing supply that minimizes the number of synchronization links enteringan office. Sometimes referred to as a synchronization supply unit.

BWS Backbone WDM System

A.4 Ccabling The method by which a group of insulated conductors is mechanically assembled or

twisted together.

cabling aperture A hole which is used for cable routing in the cabinet.

Cabling frame The frame which is used for cable routing over the cabinet.

cabling trough The trough which is used for cable routing in the cabinet.

A Glossary


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

captive nut Captive nuts (or as they are more correctly named, 'tee nuts') have a range of uses butare more commonly used in the hobby for engine fixing (securing engine mounts to thefirewall), wing fixings, and undercarriage fixing.

CAR See committed access rate

CAS Channel Associated Signaling

CBR See Constant Bit Rate

CBS Committed Burst Size

CCDP Co-Channel Dual Polarization

CCM Continuity Check Message

CDR Clock and Data Recovery

CDVT See Cell Delay Variation Tolerance

Cell Delay VariationTolerance

This parameter measures the tolerance level a network interface has to aggressivesending (back-to-back or very closely spaced cells) by a connected device, and does notapply to end-systems.

Centralized alarmsystem

The system that gathers all the information about alarms into a certain terminal console.

CFM Connectivity Fault Management

Chain network One type of network that all network nodes are connected one after one to be in series.

channel A telecommunication path of a specific capacity and/or at a specific speed between twoor more locations in a network. The channel can be established through wire, radio(microwave), fiber or a combination of the three.The amount of information transmittedper second in a channel is the information transmission speed, expressed in bits persecond. For example, b/s (100 bit/s), kb/s (103 bit/s), Mb/s (106 bit/s), Gb/s (109 bit/s),and Tb/s (1012 bit/s).

CIR Committed Information Rate

Circuit The circuit of the service port on the access device.

CIST Common and Internal Spanning Tree

class of service Class of service (CoS) is a technology or method used to classify services into differentcategories according to the service quality.

Class of Service Class of Service is abbreviated to CoS. CoS is a rule for queuing. It classifies the packetsaccording to the service type field or the tag in packets, and specifies different prioritiesfor them. All the nodes in DiffServ domain forwards the packets according to theirpriorities.

client A device that sends requests, receives responses, and obtains services from the server.

Clock Synchronization Also called frequency synchronization, clock synchronization means that the signalfrequency traces the reference frequency, but the start point need not be consistent.

Clock tracing The method to keep the time on each node being synchronized with a clock source in anetwork.

CLP Cell Loss Priority

CM See Configuration Management



A-7

committed access rate A traffic control method that uses a set of rate limits to be applied to a router interface.CAR is a configurable method by which incoming and outgoing packets can be classifiedinto QoS (Quality of Service) groups, and by which the input or output transmission ratecan be defined.

Concatenation A process that combines multiple virtual containers. The combined capacities can beused a single capacity. The concatenation also keeps the integrity of bit sequence.

Configuration Data A command file for an NE which defines the configuration of the NE hardware. Withthe file, the NE can coordinate with other NEs in the entire network. Configuration datais the key factor for the normal running of the entire network.

ConfigurationManagement

In a network, a system for gathering current configuration information from all nodes ina LAN.

Configure To set the basic parameters of an operation object.

congestion An extra intra-network or inter-network traffic resulting in decreasing network serviceefficiency.

Connection point A reference point where the output of a trail termination source or a connection is boundto the input of another connection, or where the output of a connection is bound to theinput of a trail termination sink or another connection. The connection point ischaracterized by the information which passes across it. A bidirectional connection pointis formed by the association of a contradirectional pair.

Constant Bit Rate constant bit rate. A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. CBR transferscells based on the constant bandwidth. It is applicable to service connections that dependon precise clocking to ensure undistorted transmission.

convergence It refers to the speed and capability for a group of networking devices to run a specificrouting protocol. It functions to keep the network topology consistent.

Convergence A process in which multiple channels of low-rate signals are multiplexed into one orseveral channels of required signals.

Convergence service A service that provides enhancements to an underlying service in order to provide forthe specific requirements of the convergence service user.

Conversion In the context of message handling, a transmittal event in which an MTA transformsparts of a message content from one encoded information type to another, or alters aprobe so it appears that the described messages were so modified.

corrugated tube N/A

CoS See class of service

CoS See Class of Service

CPU Central Processing Unit

CRC See Cyclic Redundancy Check

current alarm An alarm in unrecovered and unacknowledged state, unrecovered and acknowledgedstate, or recovered and unacknowledged state. Treatment measures must be taken onthese alarms.

Current PerformanceData

Performance data stored in the current register. An NE provides two types registers foreach performance parameter of the performance monitoring entity. The registers are 15-minute register and 24-hour register, which are used to accumulate the performance datawithin the current monitoring period.

A Glossary


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Cyclic RedundancyCheck

A procedure used in checking for errors in data transmission. CRC error checking usesa complex calculation to generate a number based on the data transmitted. The sendingdevice performs the calculation before transmission and includes it in the packet that itsends to the receiving device. The receiving device repeats the same calculation aftertransmission. If both devices obtain the same result, it is assumed that the transmissionwas error free. The procedure is known as a redundancy check because each transmissionincludes not only data but extra (redundant) error-checking values. Communicationsprotocols such as XMODEM and Kermit use cyclical redundancy checking.

A.5 DDC Direct Current

DCC Data Communication Channel

DCD Data Carrier Detect

DCE Data Circuit-terminal Equipment

DCN Data Communication Network

DDF See Digital Distribution Frame

DDN Digital Data Network

Defect A limited interruption in the ability of an item to perform a required function.

demultiplexing To separate from a common input into several outputs. Demultiplexing occurs at manylevels. Hardware demultiplexes signals from a transmission line based on time or carrierfrequency to allow multiple, simultaneous transmissions across a single physical cable.

Device set It is an aggregate of multiple managed equipments. Device set facilitates the authoritymanagement on devices in the management domain of the U2000. If some operationauthorities over one device set are assigned to a user (user group), these operationauthorities over all devices of the device set are assigned to the user (user group), thuseliminating the need to set the operation authorities over these devices respectively. It issuggested to design device set according to such criteria as geographical region, networklevel, device type, etc.

differentiated servicescode point

Values for a 6-bit field defined for the IPv4 and IPv6 packet headers that enhance classof service (CoS) distinctions in routers.

Differentiated ServicesCode Point

Differentiated Services CodePoint. A marker in the header of each IP packet using bits0-6 in the DS field. Routers provide differentiated classes of services to various servicestreams/flows based on this marker. In other words, routers select corresponding PHBaccording to the DSCP value.

DiffServ Differentiated Services

Digital DistributionFrame

Digital Distribution Frame. A frame which is used to transfer cables.



A-9

digital signal A signal in which information is represented by a limited number of discrete states-forexample, high and low voltages-rather than by fluctuating levels in a continuous stream,as in an analog signal. In the pulse code modulation (PCM) technology, the 8 kHzsampling frequency is used and a byte contains 8 bits in length. Therefore, a digital signalis also referred to as a byte-based code stream. Digital signals, with simple structuresand broad bandwidth, are easy to shape or regenerate, and are not easily affected byexternal interference.

Distributed LinkAggregation Group

The distributed link aggregation group (DLAG) is a board-level port protectiontechnology used to detect unidirectional fiber cuts and to negotiate with the opposite end.In the case of a link down failure on a port or a hardware failure on a board, the servicescan automatically be switched to the slave board, thus realizing 1+1 protection for theinter-board ports.

DLAG See Distributed Link Aggregation Group

DNI See Dual Node Interconnection

domain A logical subscriber group based on which the subscriber rights are controlled.

DQDB Distributed Queue Dual Bus

DSCP See differentiated services code point

DSCP See Differentiated Services Code Point

DSL Digital Subscriber Line

DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

DSR Data Set Ready

DTE Data Terminal Equipments

DTR Data Terminal Ready

Dual NodeInterconnection

DNI provides an alternative physical interconnection point, between the rings, in caseof an interconnection failure scenario.

DVB-ASI Digital Video Broadcast- Asynchronous Serial Interface

DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

A.6 EE-AGGR Ethernet-Aggregation

E-LAN Ethernet LAN

E-LAN A L2VPN service type that is provided for the user Ethernet in different domains overthe PSN network. For the user Ethernet, the entire PSN network serves as a Layer 2switch.

E-Line Ethernet line. An point-to-point private service type that is provided for the user Ethernetin different domains.

Ear bracket A component on the side of the subrack. It is used to install the subrack into a cabinet.

ECC See Embedded Control Channel

A Glossary


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

EFM Ethernet in the First Mile

ElectroStatic Discharge A sudden flow of electric current through a material that is normally an insulator.

Embedded ControlChannel

An ECC provides a logical operations channel between SDH NEs, utilizing a datacommunications channel (DCC) as its physical layer.

EMS Element Management System

encapsulation The technique used by layered protocols to add header information and possibly tailinformation to the protocol data unit.

Enterprise SystemConnection

A path protocol which connects the host with various control units in a storage system.It is a serial bit stream transmission protocol. The transmission rate is 200 Mbit/s.

Entity A part, device, subsystem, functional unit, equipment or system that can be individuallyconsidered. For ETH-OAM, an OAM entity generally refers to a specified system orsubsystem that supports the OAM protocol. For example, a Huawei Ethernet serviceprocessing board is an OAM entity.

EoD Ethernet over Dual Domains

EPL See Ethernet Private Line

EPLAN Ethernet Private LAN Service

ESCON See Enterprise System Connection

ESD See ElectroStatic Discharge

ESD jack Electrostatic discharge jack. A hole in the cabinet or shelf, which connect the shelf orcabinet to the insertion of ESD wrist strap.

Ethernet A technology complemented in LAN. It adopts Carrier Sense Multiple Access/CollisionDetection. The speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/s or 10000 Mbit/s. The Ethernet network features high reliability and easy maintaining..

Ethernet Alarm Group The Ethernet alarm group periodically obtain the statistics value to compare with theconfigured threshold. If the value exceeds the threshold, an event is reported.

Ethernet Private LAN Both a LAN service and a private service. Transport bandwidth is never shared betweendifferent customers.

Ethernet Private Line A point-to-point interconnection between two UNIs without SDH bandwidth sharing.Transport bandwidth is never shared between different customers.

ethernet virtual privateline service

An Ethernet service type, which carries Ethernet characteristic information over sharedbandwidth, point-to-point connections, provided by SDH, PDH, ATM, or MPLS serverlayer networks.

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute

EVPL See ethernet virtual private line service

Exercise Switching An operation to check if the protection switching protocol functions normally. Theprotection switching is not really performed.

Exerciser - Ring This command exercises ring protection switching of the requested channel withoutcompleting the actual bridge and switch. The command is issued and the responses arechecked, but no working traffic is affected.

Extended ID The number of the subnet that an NE belongs to, for identifying different networksegments in a WAN. The extended ID and ID form the physical ID of the NE.



A-11

extra traffic The traffic that is carried over the protection channels when that capacity is not used forthe protection of working traffic. Extra traffic is not protected.

A.7 FFailure If the fault persists long enough to consider the ability of an item with a required function

to be terminated. The item may be considered as having failed; a fault has now beendetected.

Fairness For any link specified in a ring network, if the data packets transmitted by the sourcenode are constrained by the fairness algorithm, the source node is provided with certainbandwidth capacities. This feature of RPR is called fairness.

fairness algorithm An algorithm designed to ensure the fair sharing of bandwidth among stations in the caseof congestion or overloading.

fault An accidental condition that causes a functinal unit to fail to perform its requiredfunction.

FC Fiber Channel

FD See frequency diversity

FDDI See fiber distributed data interface

FDI Forward Defect Indicator

FE Fast Ethernet

feature code Code(s) used to select/activate a service feature (e.g. forwarding, using two or three digitcodes preceded by * or 11 or #, and which may precede subsequent digit selection).

FEC See forwarding equivalence class

FEC See Forward Error Correction

fiber A kind of fiber used for connections between the subrack and the ODF, and forconnections between subracks or inside a subrack.

Fiber Connect. A new generation connection protocol which connects the host with various control units.It carries single byte command protocol through the physical path of fiber channel, andprovides higher rate and better performance than ESCON.

Fiber Connector A device installed at the end of a fiber, optical source or receive unit. It is used to couplethe optical wave to the fiber when connected to another device of the same type. Aconnector can either connect two fiber ends or connect a fiber end and a optical source(or a detector).

fiber distributed datainterface

A standard developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for high-speed fiber-optic local area networks (LANs). FDDI provides specifications fortransmission rates of 100 megabits (100 million bits) per second on networks based onthe token ring network.

A Glossary


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

fiber/cable Fiber & Cable is the general name of optical fiber and cable. It refers to the physicalentities that connect the transmission equipment, carry transmission objects (userinformation and network management information) and perform transmission functionin the transmission network. The optical fiber transmits optical signal, while the cabletransmits electrical signal. The fiber/cable between NEs represents the optical fiberconnection or cable connection between NEs. The fiber/cable between SDH NEsrepresents the connection relation between NEs. At this time, the fiber/cable is of opticalfiber type.

FICON See Fiber Connect

FIFO First In First Out

Flow An aggregation of packets that have the same characteristics. On the T2000 or NEsoftware, flow is a group of classification rules. On boards, it is a group of packets thathave the same quality of service (QoS) operation. At present, two flows are supported:port flow and port+VLAN flow. Port flow is based on port ID and port+VLAN flow isbased on port ID and VLAN ID. The two flows cannot coexist in the same port.

Forced switch This function forces the service to switch from the working channel to the protectionchannel, with the service not to be restored automatically. This switch occurs regardlessof the state of the protection channels or boards, unless the protection channels or boardsare satisfying a higher priority bridge request.

Forward ErrorCorrection

A bit error correction technology that adds the correction information to the payload atthe transmit end. Based on the correction information, the bit errors generated duringtransmission are corrected at the receive end.

forwarding equivalenceclass

A term used in Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) to describe a set of packets withsimilar or identical characteristics which may be forwarded the same way; that is, theymay be bound to the same MPLS label.

FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array

frame A frame, starting with a header, is a string of bytes with a specified length. Frame lengthis represented by the sampling circle or the total number of bytes sampled during a circle.A header comprises one or a number of bytes with pre-specified values. In other words,a header is a code segment that reflects the distribution (diagram) of the elements pre-specified by the sending and receiving parties.

Free-run mode An operating condition of a clock, the output signal of which is strongly influenced bythe oscillating element and not controlled by servo phase-locking techniques. In thismode the clock has never had a network reference input, or the clock has lost externalreference and has no access to stored data, that could be acquired from a previouslyconnected external reference. Free-run begins when the clock output no longer reflectsthe influence of a connected external reference, or transition from it. Free-run terminateswhen the clock output has achieved lock to an external reference.

frequency diversity A diversity scheme that enables two or more microwave frequencies with a certainfrequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is thenperformed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading.

FTP File Transfer Protocol

Full duplex The system that can transmit information in both directions on a communication link.Onthe communication link, both parties can send and receive data at the same time.



A-13

A.8 GGain The ratio between the optical power from the input optical interface of the optical

amplifier and the optical power from the output optical interface of the jumper fiber,which expressed in dB.

Gateway IP When an NE accesses a remote network management system or NE, a router can be usedto enable the TCP/IP communication. In this case, the IP address of the router is thegateway IP. Only the gateway NE requires the IP address. The IP address itself cannotidentify the uniqueness of an NE. The same IP addresses may exist in different TCP/IPnetworks. An NE may have multiple IP addresses, for example, one IP address of thenetwork and one IP address of the Ethernet port.

Gateway NetworkElement

Gateway NE refers to the NE that communicates with the NMS via Ethernet or serialport line. The non-gateway NE communicates with the gateway NE via ECC andcommunicates with the NMS via the gateway NE. The gateway NE is a communicationroute that the U2000 must pass through when managing the entire network. Thecommunication status between the gateway NE and the U2000 can be:(1) Normal: Thecurrent communication is efficient; (2) Connecting: The destination gateway responds,and the communication is interrupted but is being connected; (3) Disconnected: Thedestination gateway does not respond (Maybe the network cable is disconnected or notwithin the same network segment), and the communication is unreachable or the gatewayis disabled manually.

GE Gigabit Ethernet

GFP Generic Framing Procedure

GFP GFP is a framing and encapsulated method which can be applied to any data type. It hasbeen standardized by ITU-T SG15.

GNE See Gateway Network Element

GPS Global Positioning System

GSM Global System for Mobile Communications

GTS Generic Traffic Shaping

GUI Graphic User Interface

A.9 Hhalf-duplex An operation mode of the Ethernet port. In half-duplex mode, a port can only send or

receive data at a time.

handle A component of the panel. It is used to insert or remove boards and RTMs in and out ofslots.

Hardware loopback A connection mode in which a fiber jumper is used to connect the input optical interfaceto the output optical interface of a board to achieve signal loopback.

HDLC High level Data Link Control

HEC Header Error Control

History alarm The confirmed alarms that have been saved in the memory and other external memories.

A Glossary


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

History PerformanceData

The performance data that is stored in the history register or that is autoreported andstored in the NMS.

HP Higher Order Path

HPT Higher Order Path Termination

A.10 IIC Integrated Circuit

IDU Indoor Unit

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force

IF Intermediate Frequency

IGMP See Internet Group Management Protocol

IGMP Snooping IGMP proxy means that in some network topologies, the device does not set up themulticast routes, but to learn the information about the accessed multicast group membersand forward it to the upstream multicast router. The upstream multicast router sets upthe multicast routes.

IMA frame The IMA frame is used as the unit of control in the IMA protocol. It is a logical framedefined as M consecutive cells, numbered 0 to M-l, transmitted on each of the N linksin an IMA group.

Input jitter tolerance The maximum amplitude of sinusoidal jitter at a given jitter frequency, which, whenmodulating the signal at an equipment input port, results in no more than two erroredseconds cumulative, where these errored seconds are integrated over successive 30second measurement intervals.

Intelligent poweradjusting

The factors such as fiber cut, degradation of equipment, and removal of connectors mayresult in the loss of the optical power signals. The function of intelligent power adjusting(IPA) enables the ROP laser and booster amplifier (BA) of a section to be shut downautomatically. In this way, the maintainers, their eyes in particular, can be protected forthe exposed optical fibers when they are performing the repairs.

Interface board area The area for the interface boards on the subrack.

Internal cable The cables and optical fibers which are used for interconnecting electrical interfaces andoptical interfaces within the cabinet.

Internet GroupManagement Protocol

The protocol for managing the membership of Internet Protocol multicast groups amongthe TCP/IP protocols. It is used by IP hosts and adjacent multicast routers to establishand maintain multicast group memberships.

IP Internet Protocol

IP address In the TCP/IP protocol, it is used to uniquely identify the 32-bit address of thecommunication port, An IP address consists of a network ID and a unique host ID. AnIP address consists of the decimal values of its eight bytes, separated with periods; forexample,192.168.7.27.

IP over DCC The IP Over DCC follows TCP/IP telecommunications standards and controls the remoteNEs through the Internet. The IP Over DCC means that the IP over DCC uses overheadDCC byte (the default is D1-D3) for communication.



A-15

IPA See Intelligent power adjusting

IS-IS Intermedia System-Intermedia System

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

ISO International Standard Organization

ISP Internet Service Provider

IST Internal Spanning Tree

ITU-T International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization

A.11 JJitter Short waveform variations caused by vibration, voltage fluctuations, and control system

instability.

jitter tolerance Jitter tolerance is defined as the peak-to-peak amplitude of sinusoidal jitter applied onthe input ATM-PON signal that causes a 1 dB optical power penalty at the opticalequipment.

A.12 Llabel A mark on a cable, a subrack, or a cabinet for identification.

Label A short identifier that is of fixed length and local significance. A label is used to uniquelyidentify the FEC to which a packet belongs. A label does not contain topologyinformation. It is carried in the header of a packet and does not contain topologyinformation.

LACP See Link Aggregation Control Protocol

LAG See link aggregation group

LAN Local Area Network

LAPS Link Access Procedure-SDH

Laser A component that generates directional optical waves of narrow wavelengths. The laserlight has better coherence than ordinary light. The fiber system takes the semi-conductorlaser as the light source.

Layer A concept used to allow the transport network functionality to be described hierarchicallyas successive levels; each layer being solely concerned with the generation and transferof its characteristic information.

layer 2 switch A data forwarding method. In LAN, a network bridge or 802.3 Ethernet switch transmitsand distributes packet data based on the MAC address. Since the MAC address is thesecond layer of the OSI model, this data forwarding method is called layer 2 switch.

LB See Loopback

LBM Loopback Message

LBR Loopback Reply

LC Lucent Connector

A Glossary


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

LCAS See Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

LCT See Local craft terminal

License A permission that the vendor provides for the user with a specific function, capacity, anddurability of a product. A license can be a file or a serial number. Usually the licenseconsists of encrypted codes, and the operation authority varies with different level oflicense.

Link In the topology view, a link is used to identify the physical or logical connection betweentwo topological nodes.

Link AggregationControl Protocol

Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) is part of an IEEE specification (802.3ad)that allows you to bundle several physical ports to form a single logical channel. LACPallows a switch to negotiate an automatic bundle by sending LACP packets to the peer.

link aggregation group An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a linkaggregation group so that a MAC client can treat the link aggregation group as if it werea single link.

Link CapacityAdjustment Scheme

The Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) is designed to allow the dynamicprovisioning of bandwidth, using VCAT, to meet customer requirements.

LLC Logical Link Control

Local craft terminal A single layer network management scheme that manages a transmission networkconsisting of a maximum of five NEs. In this way, the comprehensive management ofthe multi-service transmission network is achieved. Normally, the cross-over networkcables and serial port cables are used to connect the local craft terminal (LCT) to an NE.Then, the LCT can configure and maintain a single NE.

Locked switching When the switching condition is satisfied, this function disables the service from beingswitched from the working channel to the protection channel. When the service has beenswitched, the function enables the service to be restored from the protection channel tothe working channel.

LOF Loss of frame

LOM Loss Of Multiframe

Loopback A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its source so that thesignal or message can be analyzed for errors.

LOS Loss Of Signal

Lower Threshold When the performance event count value is smaller than a certain value, a threshold-crossing event occurs. The value is the lower threshold.

LP Lower Order Path

LPT Link State Pass Through

LSP Label Switched Path

LSR Label Switching Router

LT Link Trace



A-17

A.13 MMA See Maintenance Association

MAC Medium Access Control

MaintenanceAssociation

That portion of a Service Instance, preferably all of it or as much as possible, theconnectivity of which is maintained by CFM. It is also a full mesh of MaintenanceEntities.

Maintenance Domain The network or the part of the network for which faults in connectivity are to be managed,belonging to a single administration. The boundary of a Maintenance Domain is definedby a set DSAPs, each of which may become a point of connectivity to a Service Instance.

MAN See Metropolitan Area Network

Manual switching A protection switching. When the protection path is normal and there is no request of ahigher level switching, the service is manually switched from the working path to theprotection path, to test whether the network still has the protection capability.

Mapping A procedure by which tributaries are adapted into virtual containers at the boundary ofan SDH network.

Marking-off template A quadrate cardboard with four holes. It is used to mark the positions of the installationholes for the cabinet.

MBS Maximum Burst Size

MCF Message Communication Function

MCR Minimum Cell Rate

MD See Maintenance Domain

Mean launched power The average power of a pseudo-random data sequence coupled into the fibre by thetransmitter.

MEP Maintenance End Point

Metropolitan AreaNetwork

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that interconnects users with computerresources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large localarea network (LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN).The term is applied to the interconnection of networks in a city into a single largernetwork (which may then also offer efficient connection to a wide area network). It isalso used to mean the interconnection of several local area networks by bridging themwith backbone lines. The latter usage is also sometimes referred to as a campus network.

MIB Management Information Base

MIP Maintenance Intermediate Point

MODEM MOdulator-DEModulator

MP Maintenance Point

MPID Maintenance Point Identification

MPLS See Multi-Protocol Label Switch

MS Multiplex Section

MSA Multiplex Section Adaptation

A Glossary


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

MSOH See Multiplex Section Overhead

MSP See multiplex section protection

MST Multiplex Section Termination

MSTI Multiple Spanning Tree Instance

MSTP See Multi-service transmission platform

MSTP See Multiple spanning tree protocol

MTIE Maximum Time Interval Error

MTU Maximum Transmission Unit

Multi-Protocol LabelSwitch

A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate packets in different linklayers, and provides connection-oriented switching for the network layer on the basis ofIP routing and control protocols. It improves the cost performance and expandability ofnetworks, and is beneficial to routing.

Multi-servicetransmission platform

It is based on the SDH platform, capable of accessing, processing and transmitting TDMservices, ATM services, and Ethernet services, and providing unified management ofthese services.

Multicast A process of transmitting packets of data from one source to many destinations. Thedestination address of the multicast packet uses Class D address, that is, the IP addressranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Each multicast address represents a multicastgroup rather than a host.

Multiple spanning treeprotocol

The MSTP can be used in a loop network. Using an algorithm, the MSTP blocksredundant paths so that the loop network can be trimmed as a tree network. In this case,the proliferation and endless cycling of packets is avoided in the loop network. Theprotocol that introduces the mapping between VLANs and multiple spanning trees. Thissolves the problem that data cannot be normally forwarded in a VLAN because in STP/RSTP, only one spanning tree corresponds to all the VLANs.

Multiplex SectionOverhead

The overhead that comprises rows 5 to 9 of the SOH of the STM-N signal. See SOHdefinition.

multiplex sectionprotection

A function, which is performed to provide capability for switching a signal between andincluding two multiplex section termination (MST) functions, from a "working" to a"protection" channel.

Multiplexing A procedure by which multiple lower order path layer signals are adapted into a higherorder path or the multiple higher order path layer signals are adapted into a multiplexsection.

A.14 NN+1 protection A radio link protection system composed of N working channels and one protection

channel.

NE See network element

NE Explorer The main operation interface, of the U2000, which is used to manage the OptiXequipment. In the NE Explorer, the user can configure, manage and maintain the NE,boards, and ports on a per-NE basis.



A-19

network element A network element (NE) contains both the hardware and the software running on it. OneNE is at least equipped with one system control board which manages and monitors theentire network element. The NE software runs on the system control board.

network node interface The interface at a network node which is used to interconnect with another network node.

network segment Network Segment means any discrete part of the Network.

NLP Normal Link Pulse

NMS Network Management System

NNI See network node interface

NPC Network Parameter Control

nrt-VBR Non Real-Time Variable Bit Rate

NRZ Non Return to Zero code

NSAP Network Service Access Point

NTP Network Time Protocol

A.15 OOA See Optical Amplifier

OADM Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

OAM Operations, Administration and Maintenance

OAM auto-discovery In the case of OAM auto-discovery, two interconnected ports, enabled with the Ethernetin the First Mile OAM (EFM OAM) function, negotiate to determine whether the mutualEFM OAM configuration match with each other by sending and responding to the OAMprotocol data unit (OAMPDU). If the mutual EFM OAM configuration match, the twoports enter the EFM OAM handshake phase. In the handshake phase, the two portsregularly send the OAMPDU to maintain the neighborhood relation.

OCP See Optical Channel Protection

ODF See Optical Distribution Frame

ODU Outdoor Unit

OFS Out-of-frame Second

OHA Overhead Access Function

OLT Optical Line Terminal

Online Help The capability of many programs and operating systems to display advice or instructionsfor using their features when so requested by the user.

ONU Optical Network Unit

OOF Out of Frame

optical add/dropmultiplexing

A process that adds the optical signals of various wavelengths to one channel and dropthe optical signals of various wavelengths from one channel.

Optical Amplifier Devices or subsystems in which optical signals can be amplified by means of thestimulated emission taking place in a suitable active medium.

A Glossary


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Optical attenuator A passive device that increases the attenuation in a fiber link. It is used to ensure that theoptical power of the signals received at the receive end is not extremely high. It isavailable in two types: fixed attenuator and variable attenuator.

Optical ChannelProtection

In an optical transmission link that contains multiple wavelengths, when a certainwavelength goes faulty, the services at the wavelength can be protected if the opticalchannel protection is configured.

Optical Connector A component normally attached to an optical cable or piece of apparatus for the purposeof providing frequent optical interconnection/disconnection of optical fibers or cables.

Optical DistributionFrame

A frame which is used to transfer and spool fibers.

Optical Interface A component that connects several transmit or receive units.

Optical Time DomainReflectometer

A device that sends a very short pulse of light down a fiber optic communication systemand measures the time history of the pulse reflection.

orderwire A channel that provides voice communication between operation engineers ormaintenance engineers of different stations.

OSI Open Systems Interconnection

OSN Optical Switch Node

OSPF Open Shortest Path First

OTDR See Optical Time Domain Reflectometer

OTU Optical Transponder Unit. A device or subsystem that converts the accessed client signalsinto the G.694.1/G.694.2-compliant WDM wavelength.

Output optical power The ranger of optical energy level of output signals.

Overhead Extra bits in a digital stream used to carry information besides traffic signals. Orderwire,for example, would be considered overhead information.

A.16 PPaired slots Two slots of which the overheads can be passed through by using the bus on the

backplane. When the SCC unit is faulty or offline, the overheads can be passed throughbetween the paired slots by using the directly connected overhead bus. When two SDHboards form an MSP ring, the boards need to be inserted in paired slots so that the Kbytes can be passed through.

pass through When services are passed through, it indicates that transmission equipment does notprocess the service received and only detects the signal quality.

Path A performance resource object defined in the network management system. The left endof a path is a device node whose port needs to be specified and the right end of a path isa certain IP address which can be configured by the user. By defining a path in thenetwork management system, a user can test the performance of a network path betweena device port and an IP address. The tested performance may be the path delay, packetloss ratio or other aspects.

path protection Path protection is a special case of fixed partitioning sub-path protection technique whereevery primary path is partitioned into only one sub-path (i.e., h = D, diameter of thenetwork).



A-21

PBS Peak Burst Size

PC Personal Computer

PCM Pulse Code Modulation

PCR Peak Cell Rate

PDH See Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PE Provider Edge. A PE is the name of the device or set of devices at the edge of the providernetwork with the functionality that is needed to interface with the customer.

Performance register Performance register is the memory space for performance event counts, including 15-min current performance register, 24-hour current performance register, 15-min historyperformance register, 24-hour history performance register, UAT register and CSESregister. The object of performance event monitoring is the board functional module, soevery board functional module has a performance register. A performance register isused to count the performance events taking place within a period of operation time, soas to evaluate the quality of operation from the angle of statistics.

performance threshold The performance threshold is a limit for generating an alarm for a selected entity. Whenthe measurement data satisfies the preset alarm threshold or exceeds the preset grads,the PM subsystem generates a performance alarm.

Performance threshold Performance events usually have upper and lower thresholds. When the performanceevent count value exceeds the upper threshold, a performance threshold-crossing eventis generated; when the performance event count value is below the upper threshold fora period of time, the performance threshold-crossing event is ended. In this way,performance jitter caused by some sudden events can be shielded. A few performanceevents only have one threshold, which is the special case that upper threshold and lowerthreshold are equal.

Permanent VirtualConnection

Traditional ATM Permanent Virtual Connection that is established/released upon arequest initiated by a management request procedure (that is all nodes supporting theconnections need to be instructed by the network management).

PGND Protection Ground

PIM-SM Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode

PIR Peak Information Rate

plesiochronous Qualifying two time-varying phenomena, time-scales, or signals in which correspondingsignificant instants occur at the same rate, any variations in rate being constrained withinspecified limits. Note: Corresponding significant instants are separated by time intervalshaving durations which may vary without limit.

Plesiochronous DigitalHierarchy

The Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) is a technology used intelecommunications networks to transport large quantities of data over digital transportequipment such as fibre optic and microwave radio systems.

PLL Phase-Locked Loop

Pointer An indicator whose value defines the frame offset of a virtual container with respect tothe frame reference of the transport entity on which it is supported.

POS Packet Over SDH

Power box A direct current power distribution box at the upper part of a cabinet, which suppliespower for the subracks in the cabinet.

A Glossary


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol

PRBS See Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence

PRC Primary Reference Clock

Primitive In the hierarchy of signaling system No.7, when the upper layer applies for services fromthe lower layer or the lower layer transmits services to the upper layer, the data isexchanged between the user and the service provider. In this case, the data transmittedbetween adjacent layers is called primitive.

Private Line The line, such as the subscriber cable and trunk cable, which are hired by thetelecommunication carrier and are used to meet the special requirement of the user. Theline is also called hired line. Generally, the switch device is not contained.

protection grounding A cable which connects the equipment and the protection grounding bar. Usually, thecable is yellow and green.

Protection path A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled protection.

Protection service A specific service that is part of a protection group and is labelled protection.

Protection subnet In the NMS, the protection subnet becomes a concept of network level other thanmultiplex section rings or path protection rings. The protection sub-network involvesNEs and fibre cable connections.

Protection View The user interface, of the network management system, which is used to manageprotection in the network.

PS Packet Switched

PSD Power Spectral Density

Pseudo-RandomBinary Sequence

A sequence that is random in a sense that the value of an element is independent of thevalues of any of the other elements, similar to real random sequences.

PVC See Permanent Virtual Connection

PW Pseudo Wire

PW Pseudo wire. A mechanism that bears the simulated services between PEs on the PSN(Packet Switched Network).

A.17 QQoS See Quality of Service

Quality of Service Quality of Service, which determines the satisfaction of a subscriber for a service. QoSis influenced by the following factors applicable to all services: service operability,service accessibility, service maintainability, and service integrity.

A.18 RRapid Spanning TreeProtocol

An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol, providing for faster spanning treeconvergence after a topology change. The RSTP protocol is backward compatible withthe STP protocol.

RDI Remote Defect Indication



A-23

Receiver Sensitivity Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum acceptable value of average receivedpower at point R to achieve a 1 x 10-10 BER.

Reference clock A reference clock is usually of high stability , accuracy and autonomy and it's frequencycan be compared with other clock as a benchmark.

REG A piece of equipment or device that regenerates electrical signals.

Regeneration The process of receiving and reconstructing a digital signal so that the amplitudes,waveforms and timing of its signal elements are constrained within specified limits.

Regenerator sectionoverhead

The regenerator section overhead comprises rows 1 to 3 of the SOH of the STM-N signal.

Remote opticalpumping amplifier(ROPA)

An remote optical amplifier sub-system designed for applications where power supplyand monitoring systems are unavailable. The ROPA subsystem is a power compensationsolution to the ultra-long distance long hop (LHP) transmission.

Resilient Packet Ring A network topology being developed as a new standard for fiber optic rings.

RF Radio Frequency

RFA Request For Announcement

RFI Request for Information

ring network A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two othernodes, forming a circular pathway for signals.

RNC Radio Network Controller

route A route is the path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. In a TCP/IP network, each IP packet is routed independently. Routes can change dynamically.

router Links a local network to a remote network. For example, your company's networkprobably uses a router to connect to the Internet. Can be used to connect a LAN to aLAN, a WAN to a WAN, or a LAN to the Internet.

RP Rendezvous Point

RPR See Resilient Packet Ring

RS232 In the asynchronous transfer mode and there is no hand-shaking signal. It cancommunicate with RS232 and RS422 of other stations in point-to-point mode and thetransmission is transparent. Its highest speed is 19.2kbit/s.

RS422 The specification that defines the electrical characteristics of balanced voltage digitalinterface circuits. The interface can change to RS232 via the hardware jumper and othersare the same as RS232.

RSTP See Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

RTN Radio Transmission Node

RX Receiver

A Glossary


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

A.19 SS1 byte In an SDH network, each network element traces step by step to the same clock reference

source through a specific clock synchronization path, thus realizing the synchronizationof the whole network. If a clock reference source traced by the NE is lost, the clock ofthis NE will trace another clock reference source of lower level. To implement protectionswitching of clocks in the whole network, the NE must learn about the clock qualityinformation of the clock reference source it traces. Therefore, ITU-T defines S1 byte totransmit the network synchronization status information. It uses the lower four bits ofthe multiplex section overhead S1 byte to indicate 16 types of synchronization qualitygrades. The specific coding information is shown in the following table. Auto protectionswitching of clocks in the synchronous network can be implemented by using S1 byteand following the certain switching protocol.

SAN Storage Area Network

SC Square Connector

SCR Sustainable Cell Rate

SD See space diversity

SD See Signal Degrade

SDH See Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SDP Serious Disturbance Period

SEC SDH Equipment Clock

Section The portion of a SONET transmission facility, including terminating points, between (i)a terminal network element and a regenerator or (ii) two regenerators. A terminatingpoint is the point after signal regeneration at which performance monitoring is (or maybe) done.

Self-healing Self-healing is the establishment of a replacement connection by network without theNMC function. When a connection failure occurs, the replacement connection is foundby the network elements and rerouted depending on network resources available at thattime.

Serial port extendedECC

The ECC channel realized by means of serial port.

server A network device that provides services to network users by managing shared resources,often used in the context of a client-server architecture for a LAN.

Service protection A measure that ensures that the services can be received at the receive end.

SES Severely Errored Second

SETS Synchronous Equipment Timing Source

settings Parameters of a system or operation that can be selected by the user.

SF See Signal Fail

SF See SF

SF Signal Fail. A signal that indicates the associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defect condition (non-degrade defect) is active.



A-25

SFP See Small Form-Factor Pluggable

SHDSL Single-line High speed Digital Subscriber Line

Side Mode SuppressionRatio

The Side Mode Suppression Ratio (SMSR) is the ratio of the largest peak of the totalsource spectrum to the second largest peak.

signal cable Common signal cables cover the E1cable, network cable, and other non-subscriber signalcable.

Signal Degrade SD is a signal indicating the associated data has degraded in the sense that a degradeddefect (e.g., dDEG) condition is active.

Signal Fail SF is a signal indicating the associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defectcondition (not being the degraded defect) is active.

Simple NetworkManagement Protocol

A network management protocol of TCP/IP. It enables remote users to view and modifythe management information of a network element. This protocol ensures thetransmission of management information between any two points. The pollingmechanism is adopted to provide basic function sets. According to SNMP, agents, whichcan be hardware as well as software, can monitor the activities of various devices on thenetwork and report these activities to the network console workstation. Controlinformation about each device is maintained by a management information block.

slide rail Angle-bars on which shelves and chassis may slide and be supported within a cabinet orshelf.

Small Form-FactorPluggable

A specification for a new generation of optical modular transceivers.

SMSR See Side Mode Suppression Ratio

SNC SubNetwork Connection

SNCMP See Subnetwork connection multipath protection

SNCP See SubNetwork Connection Protection

SNCP node Set the SNC node on the protection sub-network to support sub-network connectionprotection that spans protection sub-networks. The SNCP node of the ring sub-networkcan support electric circuit dually feed and selectively receive a timeslot out of the ring,thus implementing sub-network connection protection. The SNCP node is generally seton the node on the line board with the path protection type of the dual fed and selectivelyreceived.

SNCTP See Subnetwork Connection Tunnel Protection

SNMP See Simple Network Management Protocol

SNR Signal Noise Ratio

space diversity A protection mode. The main and standby radios are set up in Hot Standby mode, butare connected to their own antennas. Both antennas, separated by a specific distance, arereceiving the signal transmitted from the online radio at the other end of the lin

Spanning Tree Protocol Spanning Tree Protocol. STP is a protocol that is used in the LAN to remove the loop.STP applies to the redundant network to block some undesirable redundant paths throughcertain algorithms and prune a loop network into a loop-free tree network.

SPI Synchronous Physical Interface

SSM See Synchronization Status Message

A Glossary


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

SSU Synchronization Supply Unit

Statistical multiplexing A multiplexing technique whereby information from multiple logical channels can betransmitted across a single physical channel. It dynamically allocates bandwidth only toactive input channels, to make better use of available bandwidth and allow more devicesto be connected than with other multiplexing techniques. Compare with TDM.

STM-4 SDH Transport Module -4

STP See Spanning Tree Protocol

Sub-network number It is used to differentiate the different network sections in the sub-network conference.Actually it is the first several digits (one or two) of the user phone number. An orderwirephone number is composed of the sub-network number and the user number.

subnet A logical entity in the transmission network, which comprises a group of networkmanagement objects. A subnet can contain NEs and other subnets.

subnet mask The technique used by the IP protocol to determine which network segment packets aredestined for. The subnet mask is a binary pattern that is stored in the client machine,server or router and is matched with the IP address.

Subnetwork connectionmultipath protection

The only difference is that SNCP is of 1+1 protection and SNCMP is of N+1 protection.That is, several backup channels protect one active channel in SNCMP.

SubNetworkConnection Protection

A working subnetwork connection is replaced by a protection subnetwork connection ifthe working subnetwork connection fails, or if its performance falls below a requiredlevel.

SubnetworkConnection TunnelProtection

SNCTP provides a VC-4 level channel protection. When the working channel is faulty,the services of the entire VC-4 path can be switched over to the protection channel.

Support A part used to support and fix a cabinet on the antistatic floor

Suppression state An attribute set to determine whether an NE monitors the alarm. Under suppressionstatus, NE will not monitor the corresponding alarm conditions and the alarm will notoccur even when the alarm conditions are met.

SVC Switching Virtual Connection

Switching priority There may be the case that several protected boards need to be switched; thus the tributaryboard switching priority should be set. If the switching priority of each board is set thesame, the tributary board that fails later cannot be switched. The board with higherpriority can preempt the switching of that with lower priority.

Switching restorationtime

It refers to the period of time between the start of detecting and the moment when theline is switched back to the original status after protection switching occurs in the MSPsub-network.

Synchronization StatusMessage

A message that is used to transmit the quality levels of timing signals on the synchronoustiming link. Through this message, the node clocks of the SDH network and thesynchronization network can aquire upper stream clock information, and the two performoperations on the corresponding clocks, such as tracing, switchover, or converting hold),and then forward the synchronization information of this node to down stream.



A-27

Synchronous DigitalHierarchy

SDH is a transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.709. It definesthe transmission features of digital signals such as frame structure, multiplexing mode,transmission rate level, and interface code. SDH is an important part of ISDN and B-ISDN. It interleaves the bytes of low-speed signals to multiplex the signals to high-speedcounterparts, and the line coding of scrambling is only used only for signals. SDH issuitable for the fiber communication system with high speed and a large capacity sinceit uses synchronous multiplexing and flexible mapping structure.

Synchronous source A clock providing timing services to connected network elements. This would includeclocks conforming to Recommendations G.811, G.812 and G.813.

A.20 TT2000 The T2000 is a subnet management system (SNMS). In the telecommunication

management network architecture, the T2000 is located between the NE level andnetwork level, which can support all NE level functions and part of the network levelmanagement functions. See also NM.

T2000 LCT A lite version of T2000. It is an element level management system for the opticaltransmission network. It can manage SDH, DWDM and Metro optical transmissionequipment. See also LCT.

Tandem ConnectionMonitor

In the SDH transport hierarchy, the TCM is located between the AU/TU managementlayer and HP/LP layer. It uses the N1/N2 byte of POH overhead to monitor the qualityof the transport channels on a transmission section (TCM section).

TCM See Tandem Connection Monitor

TCP/IP See Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TDM Time Division Multiplexing

tie wrap N/A

TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch

Time Slot Continuously repeating interval of time or a time period in which two devices are ableto interconnect.

Time Synchronization Also called the moment synchronization, time synchronization means that thesynchronization of the absolute time, which requires that the starting time of the signalskeeps consistent with the UTC time.

TM Terminal Multiplexer

TMN Telecommunications Management Network

ToS See Type of Service

TPS See Tributary Protection Switch

Trail managementfunction

A network level management function of the network management system. Through trailmanagement, you can configure end-to-end services, view graphic interface and visualroutes of a trail, query detailed information of a trail, filter, search and locate a trailquickly, manage and maintain trails in a centralized manner, manage alarms andperformance data by trail, and print a trail report.

A Glossary


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Transceiver A transmitter and receiver housed together in a single unit and having some circuits incommon, often for portable or mobile use.

Transmission ControlProtocol/InternetProtocol

Common name for the suite of protocols developed to support the construction ofworldwide internetworks.

transparenttransmission

A process during which the signaling protocol or data is not processed in the content butencapsulated in the format for the processing of the next phase.

Tray A component that can be installed in the cabinet for holding chassis or other devices.

Tributary loopback A fault can be located for each service path by performing loopback to each path of thetributary board. There are three kinds of loopback modes. 1. No loopback: It is the normalstatus. No loopback is needed when the equipment runs efficiently; 2. Outloop: Whenarriving at the line board after passing the input port in the local NE, the input signal isdirectly looped back to the service output end; 3. Inloop: The input signal is returnedalong the original trail from the tributary board of the target NE.

Tributary ProtectionSwitch

Tributary protection switching, a function provided by the equipment, is intended toprotect N tributary processing boards through a standby tributary processing board.

Tributary unit An information structure which provides adaptation between the lower order path layerand the higher order path layer. It consists of an information payload (the lower orderVC) and a TU pointer which indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative tothe higher order VC frame start.

Tributary Unit Group One or more Tributary Units, occupying fixed, defined positions in a higher order VC-n payload is termed a Tributary Unit Group (TUG). TUGs are defined in such a way thatmixed capacity payloads made up of different size Tributary Units can be constructedto increase flexibility of the transport network

TTL Time To Live

TU Tributary Unit

TUG See Tributary Unit Group

Type of Service A field in an IP packet (IP datagram) that is used for quality of service (QoS). The TOSfield is 8 bits, broken into five sub-fields.

A.21 UUART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter

UAS Unavailable Second

UBR Unspecified Bit Rate

underfloor cabling The cables connected cabinets and other devices are routed underfloor.

UNI See User Network Interface

Unprotected Pertaining to the transmission of the services that are not protected, the services cannotbe switched to the protection channel if the working channel is faulty or the service isinterrupted, because protection mechanism is not configured.

Unprotected sub-network

It refers to a sub-network without any protection mechanism. The purpose of suchconfiguration is to provide the basic data of trail protection for the subsequent trailmanagement.



A-29

Upload An operation to report some or all configuration data of an NE to the T2000. Theconfiguration data then covers the configuration data stored at the T2000 side.

Upper threshold The critical value that can induce unexpected events if exceeded.

UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply

Upward cabling Cables or fibers connect the rack with other equipment from the top of the cabinet.

User A client user of the NMS. The user name and password uniquely identifies the operationrights of a user in the NMS.

User Network Interface The interface between a network and the user of network services.

UTC Universal Time Coordinated

A.22 VVB Virtual Bridge

VBR Variable Bit Rate

VC See Virtual concatenation

VCG Virtual Concatenation Group

VCI Virtual Channel Identifier

Virtual concatenation N/A

Virtual Container A Virtual Container is the information structure used to support path layer connectionsin the SDH. It consists of information payload and path Overhead (POH) informationfields organized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125 or 500 μs.

Virtual local areanetwork

A subset of the active topology of a Bridged Local Area Network. Associated with eachVLAN is a VLAN Identifier (VID).

Virtual PrivateNetwork

The extension of a private network that encompasses encapsulated, encrypted, andauthenticated links across shared or public networks. VPN connections can provideremote access and routed connections to private networks over the Internet.

VLAN See Virtual local area network

VP Virtual Path

VPI Virtual Path Identifier

VPN See Virtual Private Network

A.23 WWait to Restore Time A period of time that must elapse before a - from a fault recovered - trail/connection can

be used again to transport the normal traffic signal and/or to select the normal trafficsignal from.

Wait-to-Restore A period of time that must elapse from a recovered fault before an LSP/span can be usedagain to transport the normal traffic and/or to select the normal traffic from.

WAN Wide Area Network

A Glossary


Product Description


Issue 02 (2011-04-15)

Wander The long-term variations of the significant instants of a digital signal from their idealposition in time (where long-term implies that these variations are of frequency less than10Hz).

washer A washer is a thin flat ring of metal or rubber which is placed over a bolt before the nutis screwed on.

Wavelength DivisionMultiplexing

Wavelength Division Multiplexing. WDM technology utilizes the characteristics ofbroad bandwidth and low attenuation of single mode optical fibre, uses multiplewavelengths as carriers, and allows multiple channels to transmit simultaneously in asingle fibre.

Wavelength protectiongroup

The wavelength protection group is important to describe the wavelength protectionstructure. Its function is similar to that of the protection subnet in the SDH NE. Thewavelength path protection can only work with the correct configuration of thewavelength protection group.

WDM See Wavelength Division Multiplexing

WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing

Winding pipe A tool for fiber routing, which acts as the corrugated pipe.

Working path The channels allocated to transport the normal traffic.

WRED Weighted Random Early Detection

WTR See Wait-to-Restore

WTR See Wait to Restore Time



A-31

optix 500 huawei

Documents