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IN TRO D U CTIO N TO O PERATIO N RESEARCH

N AM E:-N IH AL PATH AN

BBA-3



OVERVIEW



Overview

Operational Researchis the scientifc study ooperations or thepurpose o making better

decisions.



Overview

It is a discipline that deals withapplication o advanced analytical

methods to acilitate betterdecisions .

It represents the study o optimalresource allocation.



Overview

In simple terms, it isdescribed as

“the science ofbetter” .



Overview

Modern synonyms or OperationalResearch are

Management Science or DecisionScience.

It is oten considered to be a subfeld o mathematics.



!ut now a days the principlesand techniques o

Operational Research arebeing applied in every feld ohuman research and

development including HealthCare Sciences.



HISTORY



History

Operational Research has beene"isted as a science since #$%&'s.

!ut as a ormal disciplineOperational Research

originated by the e(orts omilitary planner duringWorld War II .



History

)he analytical study omilitary problems was

undertaken to providescientifc basis or

decisions to improvemilitar operations.



History

In the decade ater World

War!II the techni*ues beganto be applied more widely inproblems o business,

industries and societies.



History

+ince the time OperationalResearch has e"panded into a

feld widely used in industriesranging rom petro!chemical toairlines" #nances" logistics and

go$ernment. %o& it has become an area of

acti$e academic and industrial

research.



History

)he techni*ues o OperationalResearch have been applied andproven in many industries underdi(erent names.

or instance -

'ean/ in manufacturing.

'+upply 0hain/ in logisticsand

'1ield Management/ in

airlines.



DEFINITION

'Operational Research is the

scienti#c stud of operations

for the purpose of ma(ingbetter decisions.”



O BJECTIVES

O F

O PERATIO N AL

RESEARCH



Objectives

2ecision making and improve its*uality.

Identiy optimum solution. Integrating the systems.

Improve the ob3ectivity o analysis.

Minimi4e the cost and ma"imi4e theproft.

Improve the productivity.

+uccess in competition and marketleadershi .



Objectives

)he intent o Operational Researchis

to learn about management andadministration o socioculturalbehavior and economic actors thate"ist as bottleneck to e(ective

implementation and to develop more e(ective

approaches to the programming.



SCO PE O F O PERATIO N AL

RESEARCH



Scope of Operational Researc

#.5ational plans and budget.

6.7overnment development and public

sector unit.%.Industrial establishment and privatesector unit.

8.!usiness management.

9.:griculture and irrigation pro3ects.

;.<ducation and training.

=. )ransport and communication.



M ETH O D S O F O PERATIO N AL

RESEARCH



! eto"s

2espite the number o technical labels like

linear and non linear programming, multicriteria decision analysis,

discreteevent simulation,

*ueuing and stochastic processmodeling,

con3oint analysis or neural networking.



! ETHODS

Most pro3ects o OperationalResearch apply one o three broadgroups o methods -

#.+imulationmethods.

6.Optimi4ationmethods.

%.2ataanalysis



#$Si% &lation % eto"

It gives ability to conductsensitive study to

>a?. search orimprovements and

>b?. test the improvementideas that are being made.



'$Opti% i(ation % eto"s

@ere goal is to enable thedecision makers to identiy

and locate the very bestchoice, where innumerableeasible choices are available

and comparing them isdiAcult.



)$Data*analysis % eto"s

)he goal is to aid the decisionmakerin detecting actual patterns andinterconnections in the data set and

Bse o this analysis or makingsolutions.

)his method is very useul in Cublic@ealth.



O PERATIO N AL RESEARCH

PRO CESS



+rocess

#. Identifcation o program problem.

6. Identifcation o possible reasons

and solutions .%. )esting o potential solution.

8. Results utili4ation.

9. Results dissemination.



#$I"entification of te pro,ra% proble%

Most critical step in the process.

Bnless problem is clearly defned it isimpossible to develop goodsolutions.



'$I"entification of possible reasons an"sol&tions

Once the problem has been

identifed , it is the 3ob o theprogram implementer andresearcher to determine the reasonsor the problem and generate

possible solutions.



)$Testin, of potential sol&tion

: good solution must be measurable,easy to implement and sustainable.

)o determine e(ectiveness o proposed

solution two designs are used

>a? *uasie"perimental design.

comparison o situations beore and ater

the solution. >b? true e"periment.

comparison o outcome betweene"perimental and control groups.



-$Res&lt &tili(ation

It is necessary to decide how its

results are meant to be used.

)his determine to some e"tent thatwhat inormation should becollected.



.$Res&lts "isse% ination

Results dissemination aredone in the orm o seminarsor by meeting with decisionmakers.

PRO CESS O F O PERATIO N AL



PRO CESS O F O PERATIO N AL

RESEARCH



/oncl&sions

Operational Research needs to beintegrated as an essential part omonitoring and e$aluation e(orts inCublic @eath.

)hus concept o M’OR’E couldbecome a new paradigm or

enhancing the practice o integrated monitoring and e$aluationdimensions as one common

component into program



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