organic molecules: organic molecules: 2.3 chemical compounds containing carbon
TRANSCRIPT
What are we made of?
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorous (P)
(*Sulfur (S), Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K))
Vocabulary Check
Explain the difference between monomers and polymers based on the picture to the right!
Carbohydrates(Sugars)
2:1 ratio between Hydrogen and Oxygen. (CH2O) Monomer = Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides (simple sugars) C6H12O6
glucose, fructose, and galactoseDisaccharides (double sugars) sucrose and lactosePolysaccharides (complex sugars) starch, cellulose, and glycogen
Carbohydrate Functions
Quick energy foods (1 gram contains 4 calories of energy): glucose, sucrose, and fructose
Storage (starch in plants, glycogen in animals)
Structure (cellulose and chitin)
Protein
Monomer = amino acids.
Each amino acid contains an NH2 or amino group and a CO2H or carboxyl group
Protein Functions
Movement: Makes up muscle tissue (actin and myosin).Transport: Carries oxygen in organisms (hemoglobin).Immunity: Helps fight off foreign invaders
(antibodies).Enzymes: Speed up chemical reactions (amylase and trypsin).Energy source (1 gram = 4 cal of energy).
Lipids
Monomer= Fatty Acid
Examples: Fats, Steroids, Cholesterol, and Wax.
They are found surrounding internal organs, in each cell membrane, and clogging arteries and veins.
Main Types of Fats
Saturated: No double bonds between the carbons
Solid at room temperature
Found mostly in animals.
Unsaturated: Double bonds between some of the carbons
Liquid at room temperature
Found mostly in plants
Lipid Functions
High Energy food. 1 gram contains 9 cal of energy.
Protects vital organs
Insulates the body
Stores food for later use
Nucleic Acids
Monomer = nucleotides
Examples are: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acid Comparison
DNA
Double Helix ( twisted ladder)
Contains the bases A, T, C, & G
Contains the code for the bodies proteins
RNA
Single strand
Contains the bases A, U, C, & G
Carries the code for a protein, transfers amino acids to ribosomes.
Dehydration Synthesis
The combination of two monomers (building blocks) using enzymes and losing water.