origins of malays

8/6/2019 Origins of Malays

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1821 ; J \Origin 0/ tile MGla!ll . 'the loom. Bat what d o e a thia c h a r s e1 ID0 0D t to? From cuatom, or faehion,o r lome IA lCh e a u a e , the women of Indiap a y for their tailors and washers, andchoose to employ themselves in occu-pat ions which appear to them eithermore essential or more agreeable.He then t e l l s us, "that she never

si ts to eat with her husband, but pre -pares his food, waits upon h im, andpartakes of what he leaves." On this. pu sage IIhall brie1Iy observe, that cus -t om , 110 powerful in India an d in everypill of the world, does not permitdie &eXe . to eat together; but it doesDOtfollow that the wife partakes ofw h a t the husband leaves. This is amere BSlUJDptionof Mr. Ward's. FoodIUfticient is provided for the family,which is dre s s ed and prepared only bythe wife, as it is in this and in everyother country by those who cannotalford to have servan ts . Those whoa re in be t t e r circumstances ke ep pro-f e s s e d cooks, who are generally Bra-m a n s , and for a reason which it wouldllotsWt Mr. Ward's purpose of vilifyingthe Hindoos to mention: by makingDBe of Braman! as cooks, it is in theirpower to be hospitable, and to invitethe ir friends and acquaintances of everyc a s t e to eat in their houses, as nonee a n refuse to partake of food preparedby the hands of a priest. There is no-d I i n g to prevent a wife from eating atthe same time with her husband, norf r o m eating separately, apd of foodI t 'p I U ' & t e Iy p r e p a r ed .

This is really a p o o r U a t of femalehardahipt; but the lOIe view of thewriter ia to degrade the HindOOl.-Among the Greeks, the women had separate apartment from the men :III it suill female virtue to be leen,Aloue, indecent, iD Ule walkl of mea.The sexes ate separately among

that highly c iv i l ized people. The Hin-doo women find employment and hap-piness in domestic industry mitable totheir climate and their manners. Thelower classes spin and labour; theh ighe r c l a a e e s spend their lives useful ly ,or idly, according to their f a n c y , 81t hey do every where else. Man y ofthem do nb t consider it as unworthy oCtheir character to dress their meal.,and most of the Hindoo women areexpert at this office. The employmentmay appear humble, but it is as use-ful and a s elevated a s mending clothes,or waahing linen, which the authorreproaches them for being ignorantof.These remarb have been hJUtily

thrown together. They might be eas i lyextended; but it is unnecessary andunpleasant to pursue the subject farther.It is p a in fu l to detect exaggeration andmisrepresentation, and this is more par-ticularly the case when they flow fromthe pen and mouth of a divine. Ex-tremes are always hurtful to truth, andcan never serve the sacred cause ofGod and ,religion.

ORIGIN OF THE MALAYS."lIMIalimu and R e m a r i t . , with a I I i e w 10illwtrate tke }wobahle 0rigiA o f th e IJaya/tl,1M Ma la Y'> < t e . By J. Hunt, Esq.Tn following notllll and remarks were'

m a d e by me about two yean ago , a fewalterati_ ncepted, wbilst residing onBorneo ; they a re how eve r offe re d with dif-& d e o c : e . Wedded to no particular system, Iam ooly IO l ic i to us , by ca lm discuss ion and

d i spas s iona t e inquiry, if po s s i b l e , to attaintD that grand desideratum, I l le truth.

The raearches which have hitherto beenmadein eluc idat ing the origin of the MaI_,.,have been eonflned tD that general Euro-pean test, the affinity of their language tothat of some continental tongue. ThoughI most beartily concur in opiniOD with ourable pbilologist~, wbo H coruUder1his mode

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As the accounts of the kingdoms intbr fartber peninsula are nry scanty, Iamobli~.d t.. quote promilllullu,lr; bow-ner Melbold ohun-ea, .. tbat al tbe in-.. habitants of Pegu, Arl"l\bn, a. well asII Siam and Law, .eem to be descendetl... from the same people, their featllres.. and CU~LODISeing 10 mucb alike,"

80 Origi,. of 1M Malay,. [JULY,.. che IDOIl imper i l b ab l e pide to the his tory whi ch ia 1 , I D I I I U & I with f h a o Hindu and Chi-of nat iona who speak them," yet in this nee, &Ild b Ideec I , .. f I I I ' . . I bow, withputkular i D I I t a D c : e I thioIr. the be I ia ia un- every other IIIIIioa (1I1lI_ the beardI_-myontncted, and that other c : o r - tribes of America adop t a aimilarpractice)robontiog &D&Iogiet , equa l ly striking, and ezeept theCollowing:tothe full .. conclusive, may be brought .. 1 1 l e y (the Peguere) _ DO be I rda ,fonrud in IIid of &Il inquiry, .. n ove l .. it but pull out their bUr with pineen. Hi.ark and intricata. File}, apud Pur. Pi/.

I a b a l I , in the first instance, compare the .. The Arrakanese pull their bUrs with_ striking features in their manners and pincers. "-8Ae/don a}nui Ouingttm '. Yay.customs to similar coincidences tmt wst Loubiere informs us, .. the Siamese pluckamong the inbahitanta of the continent; their b eard s. "aecondly, form a comparative view of their TATl'OOINQ." The :DImIb wear nofeaturet, comple:don, and corporeal con- clothes but a small wnp~ rouad the iriguration; thirdly, make a few remarks on loins, &Ildmany of theIp t8ltOO a ' I8I' iety ofthe affinity of their Ianguases; fourthly. figures on their bodies."-~'. S I c t J k Anotice an assimilation of their religious ob- o f Born&J, Trtnu. BoJ. &C.servances; and fifthly, of their u.ditional A similar practice prevail. amongst ...opinions on this subject; and.nthly, make rious islanders in the South Seas , "wboa few connecting remarks relative to other a p e a k a language similar to that of thet nOes inbahiting t he s e isles. Malays, a dialect diffused through all tha

I. MANNBRS AND CUSTOMS. a c aUe n d isles of Polynesia" (Pinkerttmj'B .....C1t Tum. The lint peculiarity the Phillipine, and the islands constituting....hich I s b a l I notice. is that of filing the the Malay Archipelago. This singularteeth and dyeing them black, termed 00,... practice, I believe, can only be traced to_, ~, and If'1ui; a practiee the following continental nations:equa l ly universal with the Malay, the Java- " The Bunnas imprint aeYerai d e v U : e s innese, and the Dayak, from an ideal notion their skins, which for that purpose theyof beauty. TIre operation is fully described prick with bodkins, and rubbing charcoalby Mr. Marsden, in his h is tory of Sumatra. dust over the punctures while fresh, theThissingular cuatom is, I believe, wholly black remains ever after. This is an oma-unknown to the Hindu or Chinese, or in- ment appropriate to themselves, which thedeed to any other nations but thooe of the Peguers dare not assume.-Balbi. Fildl.farther peninsula.. Linschol tit mpra, and Tom.

.. The Paguerahavenaturally very white .. The Laws bave their bod ie s adornedteeth, but make them black that they may with blue figures, representing flowers andDotappearlikedogs."-FilchapudPurchu branches of trees, like the Siamese, as aPilgrims. badge of their religion and manhood."-

Loubiere mentiona a aimilar practice Kemlfr! r _Dg the Siamese. THIC SUM.~AND POISONICDAaILOW"

.. The Tonquinese are at great pains to .. The Dayaks are very deztrous in throw-dye their teeth black, and whilst the opera- ing small poisoned arrows with the sumpit,lion lasts, take no other nourishment than and are acquainted with the most deedlychaw, lest some .of the dye should miz with poisons, e s n e c i a D y one which is procuredtheir food and. endanger their bealth." - from the juice of a tree found in Borneo ,Dampier'. Suppt. also on Java."-Leydm', Bomeotll ",pro.

EILADlCATDlOTHe Bua. Anothu In the kingdom of Kambojia theyp rac t i c e , as singular .. it isuniversal among fonn a piece of iron Iikea slug, and makingthe Malays, Javanese, and Dayab, is that one end sharp, drive it into the bark of aof eradicating the b ea rd w ith pincers, cht lbU, certain tree, whicb is of a violent poiaonous

Jluality; after this, coming near the a n i r n a Ito be attacked, fire it into his body ( througha trunk). The beat thus wounded flieI, bu&in liuIe time drops down dead . "-Ea-m.i/ltm'. India.

Among the Siam e se , " if the currenthappens to tarry them athwart the prasaa t ,

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1821.] Origin of the MQIn!!,. ~I".,. ... 1IIIe to be pelted wkh ~ wbich eggs; they eat _ iunIs, loeu!ll! l, rata,tliekin,'spanllllhoot attbemfromboHow aud otherinsec:tL"-~', Siam.Inmb, w -..api&e. " - HII'IIIIiIIar& tmd Hoosa. 'The bouaes of the Malaya IIDdC o m a D e . Dayab are, without nception, built va

HUJUIf SItVLLa An MAIf HUN'rllfo. piles, ,..tIed aud t ba tched with leaves a t.. With reapecc to l I I I I I ' I ' i a e , the most brutal lOme species of the palm tree, and areput a t their custom is, that n o b o d y am al l l lOl l t always OIl the banks of a river.be permi t ted to marry till be amp_t a (Y"ute MIWIden , Leyden, te.) Wha t Ipar-buman b ead of MJIJ1eother tribe to his pro- ticularly mean, they are no where KCUS-p G I I I d b r i be . When the hunter return. the tomed to build them of brick, stolle, orwId .m.ge is ftlled with joy, aud old and mud, like the Hindu or Chin_ ') 'OUl Ig, men and women, hurry out to " All the cities, towns, and habitsIioua.thim. and conduct him with the sound of the Siam_ are built on the banb of~ e ym bUs , he atill holding the bloody rivers; their houses are niaed on (our or-b e a d in his hand. The religious opinion. six bamboo posts, thirteen feet higb, an dC O I I D e c : I I I I d with this practice are by no .. thick lIS a man '. leg, to aYOid the imm--- correctly understood." -Leyden', dation, &mISS which they lay other bam-.Bonue. boo posts for a foundation: the aIairs are When a young Kooky, or Luneta{N. ~of'bambooladden. 1be paJ_E. of Cbittasong) wishes to marry, the of Scythia an d Loa,.o, u well .. severalr. tber o( the girl demands bis qualiflca- temples, are of brick, which way of build-

l ions to which the father of the young ing eeema to have been tabn from them a n replies, that bis son is a brave warrior, Europeans, the em-. 01' Arabs. "- g ood bunter, and he can produce so many ~', S iaM.1nmw l beads. The t-ds of the slain Dr. Leyden mentions that the Dayakt b e y carry in great triumph to the Pomb, "houses are so long, that I I 8 1 ' e r a I fami l ieswhere the warriors are met on their arrini li,.. together in the same hoIUe, MJIJ1eUmesby men , women, and children, with much amounting to the number of a bundred P e r -rejoicing. "-A Re,. J O l . 7. sons;" whieh is thus accounted for by. . W ha t is still more barbarous in their Marini, in h is History of the Laws: "when

Governors, they often enter into measures they who issue directly from the mainto destroy particular men, (or being infa- braneh come to 1ImT)', the family dividestua ted with the belief in magic and witch- itself in such a manner that the male de-craft. '11!ey bave aSlsl'uns to hunt and kill scendsots follow the degree and branch ofm e n iu the woods; they cut oft' the heads, thefsther, the fema1eraeeadhen!te those ofto conv i nce the S!lvsge employer that they the mother."baoe not deceived him. "-Marini', Kut. o f " The bouses are built with th e brancheslA c lAVlI. of palm t r e e s ; bamboo canes, an d cocoa

I c8Ye!1 ; they stand at a distance from theground on pillars. They are of greatlength, and the apartments so contrived... td communicate one with another."-S ch cm le n DRaa. "TIle Dayab wear no clothes,but a small wrapper round ther loins. "-Leyden', BUI'fII!o.

" The inhabitants o( J"llIII1ey, or Ch ia -mey, have their dress very simple, consist-ing only of a cloth wrapped about them. "-Filch." The inhabitants o( ASIIIIIDand Tiprahave no other apparel than a middle cloth,and on their heads blue cap or bonnet,bung about with boar'. teeth. "-T~... The Siamese all go naked tivm b ead

.. 1 1Iey (theS) are not displeased to foot, only girding their reina and thighsw i t h llinking t.h, any more than rotta down to their kneel with a ~i.... .()( ealic:e

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. Dlrr. The Hindu and Dayak differ_ntially in diet. "In their diet theDayab are subject to few restrictions, eat-i n g hogs, and also many kinds of vennin, rsb and snakes. "-Leyden', Borneo... T he Peguen eat the Seall of all kinda01 eraturea; even cats, ra~ serpents an do t h e r vennin; and wben that is wanting,p r o - r i d i n g they have water and salt, theywill support tbem8e1,.es with roots, Sowers,and l e a v e s of trees."-FitcA. Frederidf~HadtW.yt... The ~mixwith tbeirchoieest

d i J h e a the Sesb of ..... mice, RrpeIIts, ando t h e r l o t s h s o m e .aimal.... -Ot1 in{ f tor& p.5 6 9 .


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S! l Origin of the Maw!!,. (JULY,Orailk,lIbout two el ls UId. b81f10lIl'''_ SALUU'fIOJr." SlavesandlY8ntskDeelLovbiere. before their masters, the head inclined, audCmu.. .. 'The dUd' of Mandawai WlI8 bands joined above the forehead. The p e a -Kiay Ingebai; IIIId chief of Simpan, Kiay pie, in passing by one another in the street.Sudi."-Uydm, Domeo. go upright or stooping, with their hand s.. When they ~ or write to the King raised more or less, according to the qual i tyof the Burmas, they call him Kiak, or of the persons they salute. In visits, the

.God. "-HanUllvn. "The Arakanese call inferior prostrates himself, an d sits silent tillthe. IDpreme deity Quiay Prorogray. "- he is spoken to: visitants are always treat-0AngI0J&. "!Gay Nivandel, the God of ed with fruit, preserves, betel, an d tea."_ba t tI . . "-De Faria. Loubiere',SiDm.Il,,&. "Their hair is long, straight, NOaILlTv." Nobility is nothing but theand -. generally cut short round their actual possesslon of placea. "-Loubiere.heeds."-Uydm', Bomeo. KlllG'. HOUSEHOLD. "The true 016-

" Their taair is clipped round, an d cera of the king's chamber are women,IIbort , like a lay brother s,"Marini et for DOne else have admittance there."_Knapfer L~.All tbe Dayab drink a liquor ferment. SLAUS AND PEOPLE. .. All persons Ill\!ed frvm the rice, or a a p e c i e s of palm, freemen or slaves, and either may be bornI I imi lar to the Peguera, Burmas, and Sia- or become such. TIley sometimes sell t h em-meae . selves or children. Their slavery is ' fer'!

' I1Ie ta tto o ed ~ have ear I I imi lar gentle. A person is born a slave, when histo th e Laws. The Burong Tee is what mother is a slave. The difference betweenthey tattoo on their bodies as ~ the king's slaves and hi. subjects is, thatapirit. " The Tee by Col. Symes is c:alled he maintainshis slaves, who are continuallythe I II o C r e d umbrella, and a bini is the a ym - employed, whilst his free subjects owe h imbol of their empire. "-The nayalt women only feudal services. "-Loubiere.wearchaiosillustrativeoftheirrank. "'!be LAws." The usual punishment (orTotaWe, or cbain, is the Avan badge of no- robbery is to pay double. In criminal CI I l ICSIbility," 8 C C O r 'I ti n g to ~.- The Kut. if the judge pleases he can commute thetnDgow Dayab, like the Arra I t a ne a e , are punishment into a pecuniary mulct. "_happy to oW.. their ,mea and daughters to Loubierc,Itrangen: similai- al!!Oto the people of the l\IONARCHY A , ,- n SUCCESSION. "'TheSooth Se a s . . Kings are by their authority perfectly de-I could e a s i l y extend a long list of strik. spotic. The eldest son ought to succeed toiug analogies between the Dayak and the the throne, but this order of succession isinhabitants of the farther peniBsula; but as set aside, and sometimes the king leavesthe former aecounta must be drawn from the crown to the son of a favourite concu-my penona I obaervations, an d depend OIl bine. As to daughters, they do not succeedmy sole iple dirit, I must waive it; only to the throne, being scarcely looked uponrequesting the reader to compare the man- as free. "-Loubicre.nel'S and customs of the South .Sea 1s1an. FuaNITu ilK. "The generality have no-ders with thme of the inhabitants of the thing but a mat to sleep on laid on the floor,far ther peninsula, as descr ibed in the boob and a long pillow. They have no chain,above quoted. but mats to sit on. Their v_Is are either

But as the Malay and Dayak, b y the of porcelain or some few of copper, wood,cloae af t in i ty of their l a n gu age sad almost plain orvamished, of cocoanut, orbarnboo."identity of feature, appear one and the -Loubiere.same people, which I aha I l hereafter no t i c e , GUlnlG." They are excessively givenI s b a I l now describe a fe w leading analogies to gaming, 80 as ot'tl!:t to make themsel ..be tween the Malay and bSiamese , quat. and children slaves. "-Loubiere.ing only the aecount of the lat ter by M. SACalm UJIlIltELu. All the Malay Sui.Loubiere; wbicb will equally -wIy to & b e WIll CODSidlll'he umbllella .. an excluu ..tlUI&8IM aD d ~ of tbe M aIay , .. will I lppeI Idase 4 If royalty, and I 8 C Z e d to thebe apPUent t I O fIIfJ __ YerMUt yith kingly race . . . One of the titles of ~this peop le , 01' .b y reference 10 Manden. kiDg of Ava is, King of the Twenty fourSumacn . UmbreUe. His oWllsubjects dare not wear

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Jetl.] Or igm " ,1 16 M a ltz!!.. IIthem, thoup they an only c ommon CbiDa c b ild re n b y b iJIc Jiq bard OIl that pIit plateumIIreIJu. "-.Am- Gp. Hamilltm. 011_ .. -., .. they. , . . bo r n . Their.. At the ball 01 am-then.,.. t J a o e e DIIItriIs.,.. lup UId opeD; their .,..

I D I I IJ r e l IM , ODe before the window with I I II A I I but quiet, "-" . I i t . 1iuI. upwuda.I I i u e rouDdl and two with IIe't'IIIl n n m c I & . the wbite i nc l i n ing to ye l low. The & e e' T h e umbre l l a is in this .country a mar k 01 rather 01 f I a& 10IIIDp tba l1li mal; the.., 88 the c a nopy II in Europe." - e h e e I t b oDe I bro..t UId too high, their7_.u__, ee., JfI'Ift....._..." """m. hollow, their mou tba Iarp, lip. thick and

II. FEATUIl8I AND COMPLEXION. pa le , teeth black, UId complaion brown.".. An attentive co! l l idera t ion of the lan- .. The La . . . ._m,1 . the au-. in

11118" ipOkea b y the c iVl l iaed nations of the the i r shape IUId mein, but. ,. . men t a w i l ,W e I coatinem, enabled Sir William Jon. an d dender, and of ~ appar-l 1 l i er- the whole to three famiIieI; dw A~ ance dian the s.-."J."""I!for. 1'- i6.hila , the Indian, and the TU'tIr. Many co 'The Loy. .,.. ItOat8r IIIId beUar madebe d lee rmined with certlinty, and with per_ th8II th e Cochin-dti_; t he i r complaioD1m coaTidion to himae l f and to biI rea- some ...hat roddy, th e IlOIIIl a 6ttle Sat , withdin. n-e. we will venture to pred ic t , long black hair and littlebeuda. ..-Dapre'"_,. future inquiry will only _ to c o n - Nq.ltI.ntJ Orieft lol ._"-Edift..ReWw, 1 81 0. T he above de ec rip tiO D I _ the ~AI the connuion of th e Arabians with to th e feature IUIdcomplexion of the Malay... ia Ian da is we l l -wned, and 88 a and Dayak of any tIIIt I know.

wide discrepancy emta in the fea&urel of l11ere i.co lony of Kamhoj ian. , on ... with th e Mal ay s , the only point is to thouMlld in number, eeUled the KampoCOIDpI I ' I ! them with the Hindu , the Chi- Kampogia,. Pontiano, on Borneo, abou t-. and Indo-Chinese, or Tartar nee.. thirty yean from thelr l l ldiYe sbore s . I De't'er. . The Hindu fonn IU Id f8 lltlue e may could dildnguilb the I IUai1eIt disc:repaey

be._ to approacll the Penian, or Euro- '*-dJemand the other MalaylrlllidinsJIII I I I I I :andard, the sole ancient con que s ts the - place. The C O I l' t 'e r t e d DayaUIII Hindustan having procealed from the .. d th e Malays- an identity of appar_N. W . In the Southem parte, the y _ ; the t.aa .,.. ClCIIIItantly kidnap-.... almOlt blad.,.. or of a dark m a- ping IU Id pu rc hMing them .. ala.. , to I IUbagany hue.-Pinkmon', Geo. up the Mabomedangapin theirpopulation,The .nde disparity of th e Malay, from which polygamy and alavery aI_ys_the EI I I 'Op aD , or Hin du mode l of fea- lion, they IIIay in *'he deemed _vertedI 1ms , must forcibly strike the most CI8UaI Dayu..oIaner. Ican safely ~ IDe\'er met1r ith 1 l ii y thing like it in any part of India;I I Id Ibout the Kalinga, or Te l i nga COMt ,t h e Hindus are ellcessinly dark , the B~IIIins acepted.Tbey are too dark for the Chinese,.1IIIdia lad, th e languages having no affinityw i I I I e Y e r .nth e.clI other, it would he idl.III .aempt to O draw any comparisons be-, _ t h e m .Of the inhabitants of the farther penin-..ta, M etb old a bI Ie ne s, that .. the inhIbi-& a u l a a t AnUan, Pegu, Tenuaer i , and8imn,raemhle th e Chi_ (or Tartars) int .atuns, as w e ll .. agree with them inCUI tomI and religion. "De Fain (Por-llIpeM AIls) ma lt .. the _ e obIena&ionapon the people of Law , Llllljang, J aD -r o m a , Blmir , A..,1IIId 1Umbojia.".. T he mmd ~ est.eem

b rII Id iIai foreh.d, wb l ch they P.theirAiiam Joum.-No. 67.

IIf. LAN8UAG~.Dr. Leydeo ~e s , in biI p a p e r onthe languages and ~ of the Indo-~ - o n s , "that the Pa1 i may heIden t i 6 ed with the Mapdhi ;" he . z . ocon .u Ien this wide ly extended language. . . . I IP J I I 'O K h in I much _ th e pure&u.crit th8II ally other diaIec t ." He far-ther oIMrfeI, the 1aa JUa88 of the inte-rior (of Jan)hu. c1_,1IIId in t imate COD-nexion with the Sullcrit, and ~ thelimpll!llt objec:tII and i d ea s by y C l aib le s, ... hich_ to di lFer no farther flOlll Sa nsc rl t th8 IIin the c orru pt p ron u aoia tion --"'y pro-duced b y the use of a 1_ per f ec t alphabet. .,

Mr. M8n d e n , in.the Pre&eetobil Mala ,VCla Ib I l l uy , cled.. dJai " the inIc:rip-tioM found. the ruu.of B........ .,.,...upon euminatioll to he no ad l e r t bao theaqaar e Pall, C O D I id e r e d . . _ _ in th eBirmaor Anconntry, & I I ! i In ' 8i11m."VOL. XII. F

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M Qri&i. e/f/IeMl. {JUL,., 'llboft 4 J U 1 * 1 t i 8 l l l l , it .ppean Iha& or MapIbi ~ b a W l c chaapl ~

the Pall, t IM M a c a d h i . en d the v8J'll8CUluo destinatioll Uom the vulgar to the o c e u h ,AftIl_ (u apoken ill tIJe iDterivr and .. ..baa dia lec :a of hr I*r date exhibit th e.-iatly writ&en), we nearly _ aDd t l Ie melandwly dep~ of that tpa& in.nontm-1ime 1for J.Whr, in bisKtO\lnt~ Ara b ia , affi l ' l IUl tha t " the 1a ngu a g e ofthe KOI1lll is !IIIvery dift'~t from the mil-. dern speech of Mecca, that it is taught i.the Co l l e g e s there, as th e Latin is at Rome,"1 " 9.~. If then, from tile experience of th epast, similar additional changes in their p0-pular speech may be anticipated, in th elapse of a few centuries the language ofthe Koran "ill also add to the list of deadlanguages.

But let us suppoae, for a momeDt, tha tthe IJnited Statts of America bad beeapeopled from EDgiand wben the Anglo -Saxon languagJ! prevailediD th e lattercoUD-try, and subsequent intercoune brokeu oft 'between them. and tba t th is 1 an gua g e inAmerica bad rece i~ adwtures from tileIndian tribes, in equal ratio with its anc i e . tprototype; would not th is Americo-Aug1o-Saxon and modem Engl i sh language JD"-MDt a s wide a d isc re p a n cy .. exists be tw ix tthe mod ern B urm a and the Pal i , 01' modenaJavanese '"But to prove that an aff ini ty does existbetween tile Malayan and Javanese, .mhthe langwages apoken in the farther Pea iD-sula, Iball strengthen what has hem I I idby the authority of Dr. Leyden.

" Their language con!lists of three pr in-cipal component parts; the first of th_,....hich is rather the most copious and cur-rent in conversation, l11Ayperhaps , in th epresent ltate of our knowledge, be r e g a r d e das original; though it is not only conneeiedwith th e insular languag\'S, but with s o m eof the monosyllabic, as of the BuNJUJIUand Siame.e. The second, wme l t is 0 b -viously deri ved from the Sanscrit, i. ratIIerinferior in th e number of vocab le s to tilefirst, though as far as regards general lilt,greatly superior to the third part, ,.hich isderived from the Arabic."-~ ,&i.Res., vol. x

-apt. MItIon" in hi... cco~tof the doc -t r iues of Bbuda, in the 4.. ReI. voL vii ,p o S8, ~ .. The Pali is the l a n gu age ill,.bicb Bbuda .ud to have preached hia~ aDd maileeted his law. Thisltn~ alao termed by the l e a r ned SiD..pn.ia, the Magadh i , and Moola Basha;(perhapa heme .Baua MoI4ytt) Ba sh a beingtbe Singa lha i s for laDgu&ge."Ithen this Pa Ji , M ag adh i, Moola Buha,GI' J & Y a D e S e , is at this moment, and basIleal from time immemoria l , the languageof literature and religioD at Siam, Ava,uw, aD d Ceyloo, might it not also haveI l e en , at an euiier per iod, the vernacu Ia ftongue of thole countries, ., it is aa id to beatill in the interior of J8ft1

Mr. CoIebrool te , in his p ap e r on the Bull-c:rit a n d PKrit Language s (4$. }In., vol.'Iii.) obIeneI, .. When Samcr i t was thelanpage of IDdiaD courts, it....not onlyeultmded by,.._ who devOled tbem-.. I.. to religioa aDd literature, butm.by prine., lawyera, .oldien, p h " " "and .eribes; illIIbartby the duee lint tribII,aadby many ea-incladed in_fourth. ..H.farther obatneI, " n .e l I i lagadhi is.ja rgon of s-c:m, destitute of reguJw~; it is uled by the TU~, aDdvar ie s in ditll!rent districts." He says , also,.. it is apok_ in t.. ~ purity in th eeastent parts only (of Benga l ) , and as there~ , . c on ta la s hwords wtUeb a re Dotevideatl, derived from the Saucrit." p..tit.It' then this Magadhl, MG OIa BMha , or

PUi, - ODele the jargon of the vulgarwhere 8aDIer i t was any .... ueed ( I 1 I 1 I I ,_attbil da" the punat 8 aa ac ri t d ia le c tieUledOll thehordersof Anabn), ili'.etfair to I n f e r that this was 07ICe the vernacu-lar toDgue of Siam, Pegu, and Aft? Mayit not have 8I la 'ed in tbaee countriM lite.... of all utieot tongues, uti have nowbecome adsd language; the mere vehicleof _ e l I C I t ancllitenture, and the repositoryo r tIIair l aw , civil and religioua? Hall Dottills hem die prec ise fiRe of the Latin Ian -~ p ! lft ic u1 a rly iD COUDm. pmfeeUgthe Roman c.dJolic religion?Is tMn a n y tiling __ iathe Pali,

The Lord', prayer in -\n~o Suon, spoken in Enj(lanll iu A. D. 1,(lO-" Ureufader tic arth in becfnas . Sie gehal):udthin noma. To eylllrth Ihiu rye. Siethin.iUa, lur i. in heofu... alld in rort!.-.Uren ofcrw;IWe.d UI to doeg, an4 C...puus seylda , urna sue we fur efan ..:yldUnIarum; Rod no inlead osig in eustmillg : abget';g naicb friadilfe. AIDeD.

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18'JJ.] Orig in of Ile Malays. 35Mr. lI Ia n de n a1 lOob IIe rvea , .. This Bal i , and distinguished character, who is emi-

or PaIi , the -=red language of Ava and nently qualified, from transcendent talentsSiam, bas been by some s uppoe ed , front and extraordinary resources, to gra t i fy theIt a geognspb l c a J prox imi ty , the I l 108& likely literary world, at lOme future per iod , withc : t - neJ through which the Hindu terms a correct elucidation to this interesting(be iag ilSelf.a dialect of Sanscrit) might iatJlliry.haft flowed into the Maiay countries. iI The strong affinity betw~ the d i a l e c t sThe ~lIabic atnlcture a n d variety of the inll'rior and the Malay surprized meo C inIoutions necessary to discriminate 8ig- the more, .. the Islams ha d affirmed thatDi6a t ion in the Bwma and Siamese mo- the ~ were totally different. Butdem l a n gu age s , strongly authorise the de- this proved afterwards to originate from aduction, that these have been derived from Blight change in the enunciation


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IstI.J .( '1 17 )ORIGIN OF THE MALAYS.

, , ( (,omclwder i f,om pa.,"f I S5.)IV. IlSLJ(;ION. tbree htandred cencuhines." _ FmJ. ,.The M ala y . having been converted in Do.

mode rn timee to Islamism, no parity of . " At the birth of a c lU ld , durin& par_l ' a i t b c : a n u . i M t between them and the Indo- turition, they SUIIIIDOA a conjuror,. who iaChiueIe. ' l1Je Dayak alone stands forth termed Bolian, ins tead of IImidwife, andill all his p~tive opginality; neither who , instead of lending aD y assistance tod J a D & e d by time, softened by intercoune. th e woman, beau a gindang and MinglIoubaun by a n y religious or politkal until the child is born. "_Leyde1.', Borneo;C lO D t 'U b i G a , from h is Dative home-born " It ia customary to rendezvoWl U thepl l l l judica. house of a new lain-in woman, where all.. Ia religion, the DRyab acJr.nowledge th e fami ly and relaiione meet to diven.. I1IpnDI8C1 of the Malter o( the World, theDl8elvea with dan c i n g and other kiDd.w I I D m tiler tenD ~ or Devata, IUd of merriment, in ordar to drift away theto wiIom & b ey 1 Id dre a. p ra y vra .. it a pre- a o l'C e re ra , a n d to prevent th em from mak.1IinIr. The.eemoom. at a religious kind. ing the mo the r l ose her milk, ~ themef ' ew."_Leydm', BIN7II !O. child from be ing b ewi t c b ed . "-Minirai'." The Biajus are genemlly very super- Law"

I titicnu and much addic ted to augury ; they "When a DIIID of Il ia own a C c o r ddo DOt adore idols ; t h e J have nQ tempJca, wiahes to separate from Ilia wife, he re & ign a .b ut their aacri&ea of sweet-wood and per. her clothes and ornaments, and pays herf U m e s are o&nd to one God, w o o they besid forfeit of twenty, twenty-five, 01'W i e Y e rewuds th e just in hEllvft l , and thirty Spanish dollars, after which h e maypunilbes the,.-jeked inhell. "-P. LtWlfU. IIIIIIT1 again. "-Leyden', B_HUt." Cottq. tIn Part, yoI. iii. p. 921. .. 'Ihe men here, as in mOlt ...mu.

" 1 1 1 8 religion of the LaDjims, I I I U l pro- countries, buy their wivea, or JI61 theirhilly of allthe Lobu. or LaM, ill nearly parent. a dowry for them. Ifafter en-dill. _ widl that which )lJ'evall8 in all babiting with h ia wife for a time, the hulo." - C O U -A m . compriaed in the ~ po - b a n d ,dislikes either her person or temper,.IIiainila. 1bey Jiftd a long time in the b e _ liberty to repudiate, and send ber,&rm of. republie, and o b a c r Y e 4 the l aws 00Ql8 again. " -B aJIJi ', P ef,V ooo r nature ra ther tban those of the ChineM The custom of purchaaing the wife )&their neighbours, before t hey had kings. peculiar both to the Mal ay and Dayak . .IIId were lIubject to their emphe. Th. .. With regard to the funeral ceremonies,wunJdp of images 1t'1I8 in those times un- the COI')l8e is p l aced in a coffin, and remainskD b n to them, uneorrupeed as they were in the house till the nearest of blood callw i t h th e aupentitions of other Dlitions; procure or purchase a slave, who is be-t h e open sky ",.. their temple, and they headud and burnt, that be may become the~ Ollie being, whom they esteemed slave of the deceased in the other world .". III thiDp, under the name of Com. The ashes of the deceased are then p laced1 I I B I I d e r . ID this simple and uncolTUpted Iua n earthen.um, on which ,..rlous f iguresl11116_lAajeu contiaued, till,uch times are.emibitecl.."-Leydm',.&w_.,dIe di I Ic lp l_ of S h a k J r . a h e g a n to sp re ad .. The priests put tbe carca&e of She-_ ~ over the Eat."-Marini', madee into a coffin below, and burnt it inKill. rIfile ./.I.1N. Balbi', Pep. a fire made of odoriferous w o o d , l.ilring" ' I l l e r . the Kanbojiant, adore th e Su. sacrifices of s h l l L ' P and ot he r.J II Iim a ls . 'Ihe)InIII Godunder the name of Tipeda.'~ II,Iheswere put in IIsilver urn, IIIId buried-fYwtltDff. ap Pur.Pil. in a sumptuous tomb. "-Pint 'p( ..u." n .e Daysk does not admit of poly. " Great preparationa were ; a d e . lor"'7"-Leydm tmd Luitau. burning th e corpse of the king's only.. lbe Laujansap{11'm8 of having only daughter (1650). On a costly ultar ...as

-wife."-M",;m. "The King ofPegn VIsaed thc corpse in s ooftlo of gold'; weun.e. o n l r _wife, but maillt~)J' king ...'t. l i r e to the pil.,; tllo: bod, . w..Diqtttzed byGoog l e


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1 1 8 Or ig in 'If th e Malay'. [ A uG .consumed, lying in the gold coffin, en- There are twenty-four t r ibes of dif leren triched with jewel l l IUId other Ol'PIIments ; l18IIl ieIo who me not their bodies tattooed,they then gathered the ashes, inclosing them and six that have this distinguishing D l II I 'k ;in a golden urn. "-St. Voy.Gla. Do. al!o the Tamman tribe (perhaps Seman ) ,

" They believe that they who are b ad who have their hair lilte that of the Pa-'JiTel'S here, want all things in the other puans, and are represented as a similarlife, and that therefore it is necessary to race of people; and lastly. the Unlakkabury with them what will supply their oc- Dayab, who are tattooed, but IIl'O 81 faireasions. "-Tat'. Ace. 'I f Assam,


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18tl.l Origin O f t ' M M a la y , . ' n9,,_ tile TIII'tIn in 1265, give. it the Chinese monosyllabic manner, J D i s b t bel181De r . . 1".,. Major," deeen"bing It as written, Qua-laVl..-m-tai, or the kingdom.. dIfte thousand mlIe s in elreumferenee. .. of the Laws, Mons, and TalaLIabal l , with due submillllion to abler The other I.land. are Mon-danao, diephilologists, state it as my opinion, that I.ake of the Mons; Su-Iaw, the hland of.1a?I, or JaW&, means the people from Ava the Laws; Su-law-biB, or Celebes; 80-ar Aw a , or as i, the natives of the latter raon-tai, perhaps tor Sumatra; r-u, fbrpronounce it, Yava or Yau'IJ," a permu- Lason, or Luson; Monkasser I Mon-tltion of consonants not unusual with the law-ka ..Hindus, 88 noticed by Mr. Colebrooke The na~ of the rl.....on Domeo areI I Id Sir l \ -1l1!.un Jonea. either called after places In the Mother" Yuvan signifi41Syoung, and Youvana, Country, or have allusion to the Dati_

youth; the first makes Yuva in the no- names of the emigrants. There i. a pbee~aUve CLore : this is adopted into Hin- c a 1 1 e d PonUano on Bornee, and a Pon-dus tan i with the usual permutation of con- tiamo in the Gulph of Siam; a toWn inl I O n a n t s , and becomes Juba, as Youvana is Maludu Bay is called Bankoka, similar totlansformed into Joban. "-.Ils. Res. vol. vii. a city in Siam; and Lao on the N. E. ofTh e conversion of the letter Y into J is Borneo; there is In-anam, Sulaw-mon.

noticed abo by Mr. l\-Iarsden in his Gram- Mon-pava, Law-batuan, Mon-gatal, M~'mar, on the authority of Mr. Wilkin!!. nan-kubur, &c. &c. " The Catnbojia riverTo prove, however, that thia etymon is not is named the Menan."fanc i ful , Iwiu shew, that whenever these The distinguiohing nama o( the I nhe -Wands arc mentioned, as well as in their bitants evidently apeak for themselve.: thepresent names, allusion is had to the Laws, Dayek, or Daya, i. not unlike Taya, "thelions, Tais, 'Anams, or Avans; the an- inhabitants of Upper Siam, and reputed -dent inhabitants or Pegu, Siam, Burma, vages. "-Loubiere. The Tai Raja of theCocb in -Ch in a , and Lao. Gaubil, in his Celebes, is the Tsy .. Rajas. Tal-ga-Iaw, orHistory of the Mogul Tartars, p, 214, says, Tagaln, and Bis-owas, or Disayas o r thein th e year 1299 (after Marco Paulo had Phillipines. The orang ldayan of BorneoleI\ it), .. the Emperor sent an immense has the same etymon as Daya; and lastly,upedition ~nst the King of Q.uawa the Man-lao, or Malay.("bleb it DOW called Borneo, Q ua signify- JAVANF.811. Two more polnts, and Iing, in the Chinese language, kingdom:)" have done. Ihave resided so little on1tb id I would make it the kingdom of Awu. Java, and hnve had so few opportunitiesMr. Manden, in the fourth page of his o r forming any judgment of the inha-History o r Sumatra, observes, .. TIUIt EI bitants, that I can merely state my con-A d r U Q , the Nubian geographer, in the jectural opinion of them.middle of the 12th century, cal ls the Island The Javanese are evidently a peoplee C Borneo Su Burma, which is evidently more civiliud than their neigbboul"l; theyB o r n e o (he say.), from his mentioning have more of the Hindoo feature than thetw o p a a e a g e s Il!IIding to it, the Strait! of Malay, and no doubt exi.ts that a con-

, 1 Ia 1 a c e a ; and the Straits of Sunda." If siderable emigration of Hindus took placewe ... y b e permi t ted to suppose these aDd settled on their shores; the only qllM-_ given by the Ch in e s e , the f i rst ci- lion there can be, ill from whence, wben,.ru.I nation that settled on or traded to and in what numbers they emigrated, andt h e s e Wes, the above designation would what inbabitanbi they found on the ia land.imply the Island of Bunnas, S u signifying The Dupatti of Samarang told me, If IaD Island, in that language. recollect aright, that it took plaoe A. D. '70,The native. of Borneo call their Island from Gt ize r a t . Dt. Leyden states it u b iA

QuaI.montan; which, if p l aced in the opinion, from Calinga, or Telinga, thenorthern Sircars. May it not allO bayebeen from the ancient kingdoms of Sundaand Madura, on the hither Peninsula oflIindustan? The similari ty of the nam"",and the Kanara charadcr's baving beensaid to resemble the JavanC!e, bas railedthis conjecture with mil.

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This etYDlun is surely III rational ascall,in, it the hie of Barley, where this",alb Dever grew, and haa not been found{p sueceed e thi,- bas occasioned lIli.taku." The Millay. are quite dilterent froQlthOleof tbe Javans, from wbom thev de-nyc tbeiroriDn."-Ni~loff. Gil. Cal. I.,


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120 Ol'i,anqf lh e Malays; [AuG ." 80uth of the Portugu_ territories, ud BiRay8DS, the former o r whom ...

which end at Cape Barna, l i es the coun t ry not only a n a nc ie nt wriu.n c b ara c te r, ..of the Baja o r Sunda, whoee dominions m i J u o to the Dat ta alphabet, but, from theirallll1ld along theCOMt, about f i f t een leagues eloee connoxion with the Ch in e s e and A-from the said Cape to M e m , and s ix ty or J I U I I ! B C ~nturies before the arrival o r Le-_ty inLmd, being bound in the aouth guapi, had arrived at a state o r roDlpll'll-by Kanara." In Fryer's time he "re- th'e civilizarlon; and at this day haft not.a ided at Sunda, whe n the whole country only historical re c ord s in the ir natiV\' t o ngu etook the name. "-Fryer', 7'r twe1l, p, 162. and character, but have t r ans l a t ed into

The IIOUthermOlt port on the Malab a r them s eve r a l Spanish t ra g e W e t I , which IeOat is Qui long, p e r b a p$ the Tanua Kll- have seen performed by them in the ir n&-Uu. riv e theatre at Man i l l a .

But it is ftr1 JM*lole tbat the Hindus On the island of Panay, "there_60m all theee pl_ wer e driven to Jaft here those blacks the . Spaniards call Ne-.00 ebewhere, wh i c h may thus be II- grilloes, who were the f i rst i n h a b i t a n t s a tooun t ed for. these islands, and afterwards driven into.. The Bnd.oiMs had for a Jong time the thick woods by the BisaylL~ ,.ho e e n -gotten footing in the hither pen i n su l a of quered it. The hair is not s t i f f curled, n orthe I l \d ie s . , ; but the Braman. neTer I ' C 8 t e d a re they 80 stout and s t rong as the Gu i n ~till t h ey had excited the Ra j ah s against blacks. They fly the Spaniard., not 50them, who T O O t e d them out with fire and much through hatred u from fear."-sword. "-Ulliverral K1#l., vol. v i , p, 116. Re l a c de ku Filil'intu, pa r Coronel.

To fix the prec:iae per iod of the expulsion LUCOII1AI" The Spaniards found up


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. . . .1821J Ship 'Wr ecltq f tAe M aty,J. ,. ,. . 121between tt.t oountry and the Phillipines/' from the fartJser Pen iuuJa a t die Moai,,-L"yt~. L'.Jm. dKrer.tle Ban. !I Cor. the LaM, the Taras, and the A_;~. ..' which, in aU human.probability, has ori.

U In M in d a n a o are blaeb like Ethio- ginated from one of those overwbeImiatJpiaN, who own no superior, any 'more revoJutions, religious or political, which, than th~ on the island and i n o l _ 1 l l t a i n s of 'weep Wore them the destinies of entireI f an i I1 a . "-Dampier. nations. Perhaps it occurred at the period

.. The traditions are, thai the Papuan. thOBe countries were overrun by th, Chi-IIlI! brethren of the Moluccans, and the nese A. C. 140; at all events, it must baveI angua j ; e seems to' have no aftinity with tranlpired previous to the introduction oftbatof New Sonth Wales, but is probably the doctrines of Sbak k , ~ Bhoodu, intoconnected with that of Borneo." ~Pen- those countries, 89 the Dayaka hal'e neither1!Gnt', ~_. F fY I'ffIt" N ew Guinea. t emp l e s , priests, nor images.All the ancient authOl'll who bal'e wri t ten sd, That Java has had. a third race on

of this race, appear to concur in conaidering its shores; the Bhudu Hindus, perhaps onthem the aborigines of all these islands; their ,xpulsion from Hindustan by' then O r do I see any thing not exactly con. Bramins,formable to the laws of nature elsewhere 4th. That the l\falays, Dayab, the in.o I i s e m w r e of ever! indigenous race in the. hal>itants of all tbe Phi l l ip ines , the Easternticlnity of the equator, of a similar com- Islands, and, the Polynesian Isles, IIlI! allplexicn, &c. The paucity of their num- of one original race, with this dil'erence.ben on BODIeof the islands will argue that they were originally Mona, Lam.little, wbeD'we consider'the detestation in Anna, Tayas, or Anams.which th ey ' a r e held by the other tn"bes, and I have to add, only, that th e ChiDeaethe decapitating sys t em of the Deyales of .. pretend to havo a a i 1 e d , lOme thouund 01the Celebes and Borneo '; the only matter yean ago , over all the Indian seas. as farof I R U p I ' i & e is, bow they eontinue to exist the Cape of Good Hope, wiIMut die helpat all. They will shortly, in a u probe- of the compass, of which they bout t b em-b i 1 i t 1 , diuppear, hi:e the aborigines of the aelv,- to be the ,first inventors. "-LA.West-India Islands. Ede.ft., vel, xxvi. p. 78.

COlfCLVSJO)l. 'The' Conclusions that I 'That tlley had colonies all over t h e s eJI1D l~ io draw from the foregoing reo i s l ands at a l'ery early period, may, I be-.JIIIl'b are. Pis. lieve, be Bat iafactor i lJ proved tioom au

lat. 'Tbat die Papwins are the aboriginee thentic documents. Whenever tile litera-daD. d1_lslancb, at lesat as far 81 1 the. ture of China, Ava, and, Siam, shall be_ Us b e e n traced. better known to us, this point will be de-

id. That the whole a t these islands c ided . H.baft De x t been peopled by emigrations Batavia.MaVlt, 1815.

SHIPWRECK OF THE MARY ANN.Eztrad o J IIJaul'fllli Irqn 6 y LiM. Men s ,OIl board 1M Trruuporl Mary .Ann,tlfftcked OIl tile 81.\ Marcia, 1820, Ml her,Y l1 !I a g e t o Banda.THlI: 4th of March, at 8 o'clock in the

1II~ng, weighed anChor, and left theroads of Sourabaya with a fair wind; andat three in the at"ternoon the pilot left us.From the 6i1i t o the 8tb the wind con-tinued favourable. On the night- of the8th, at haif put eleven, during th~ mate'swa t ch , we had t h e misfortUne to strikeu p o n a' rock. The captnin immediatelyordered all sa i l to be set to try whether it

W88 posaible to get the v_I a80at apiD.which however Willi found to be impl'lM:-tieable, and we were obliged to cut allsails away to prevent the ship from fallingOl'er. On sounding, no ground,was to befoun4 on one side of the vessel, , whileon the oilier there were only two fathomswater. We remained the whole night intllis dreadful state: the weather began tobe boisterous and rainy, and tile v_Lstruck at times 'so hard that no one wasable to stand on h iS legs. The rock hadstruck right through the bottom of th eship and Iifted'the ballast visibly up. From

origins of malays

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