out of home food consumption - favv-afsca · • lachat et al. (2010) essential actions for...
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OUT OF HOME FOOD CONSUMPTION:
A DRIVER OF POOR DIETS?
Prof. Carl Lachat, Dep Food Technology, Safety and Health
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EATING OUT ?
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WHY CONSIDER EATING OUT?
WHO 2003: Evidence on factors that might promote
or protect against weight gain and obesity:
Possible increased risk for
High proportion of food prepared outside the home
(developed countries)
Important trend since the 60`s
Labour force participation of women
Demand for convenience
High disposable income price elasticity
Response by food service industry
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BELGIUM
Based on place of consumption of breakfast, lunch and
dinner in 3-64 years
2014: Most meals consumed at home: 89% breakfast,
55% lunch and 86% dinner (Similar to 2004)
Male and young adults eat out more
>25% of the energy from eating out -> higher energy
intake, density but lower fruit and vegetable intake
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EVIDENCE ASSESSMENT
Assessment up to 2013 (brief update of citations)
Considering all sources, full assessment of diet
Systematic reviews
Eating out and diet quality
Eating out and obesity
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… WITH DIET QUALITY
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27 studies, 19 countries
Important in all age groups
School going children & young adults
Public catering
Increased E intake, %E from fat, lower micronutrient (Vit C, Ca & Fe)
Consistent associations
75% of Na from manufactured foods & foods eaten away from home
Positive effects with healthy offer Scandinavia
Public catering as entry point to improve diets?
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...WITH BMI AND OBESITY
2 reviews, common papers from 12 countries
Heterogenous and conflicting findings
Men vs women
2 studies stratified by fast food restaurant: increased BMI
EPIC cohort: men who eat in restaurants were likely to
have a higher BMI
… but, not in USA
Only associations with restaurants and fast foods (not “on
the go”, friends, vending machines, etc..)
Associations ! not causality8
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QUALITY OF EVIDENCE
Sensitivity assessment
Study type
Conceptualization
Exclusion of USA, low-and middle-income countries
Substantial heterogeneity and contextual differences
Very low quality
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WHAT TO CONCLUDE?
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Eating out is not for special ocasions anymore
Eating out is a substantial diver of diet quality
Increased reliance on external drivers
Public catering (schools, work site canteen, ..)
Urgent need for better data on sub groups (e.g.
young adults, SES)
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URGENT NEED TO RE-CONCEPTUALISE
Measuring place of consumption?
Measuring place of preparation?
Determines content
What is preparation?
What is “home”
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“EXPOSURE” TO FOODBORNE OUTBREAKS IN EU
EFSA 2017N=643 12
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CHALLENGE FOR FOOD SAFETY
Rapidly evolving sector and trends
Changing diets
Demand for minimally processed foods and convenience
Monitoring and surveillance
Policy response - > mainly public catering
Place of consumption or place of preparation?
Inherent challenges in the catering sector
SME
High staff turnover
Dependence on supply chain and costs
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IMPORTANT ENTRY POINT TO IMPROVE DIETS
Meal based guidelines, environmental interventions
Gastronomy as agent of change
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www.foodscience.ugent.be
@carl.lachat
References
• Lachat et al. (2009) Incorporating the catering sector in nutrition policies of WHO European Region: is there a good recipe? Public Health
Nutr 12(3), 316–324
• Lachat et al (2013) Diet and Physical Activity for the Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A
Systematic Policy Review. PlosMed 10:6 e1001465
• Lachat et al. (2010) Essential actions for caterers to promote healthy eating out among European consumers: results from a participatory
stakeholder analysis in the HECTOR project Public Health Nutr 14(2), 193–202
• Lachat et al. (2010) Essential actions for caterers to promote healthy eating out among European consumers: results from a participatory
stakeholder analysis in the HECTOR project Public Health Nutr 14(2), 193–202
• Lachat et al (2011) Eating out of home as a risk factor for poor diets: a systematic review of the evidence. Obes Rev 13(4), 329–346,
• Nago et al (2014) Association of out-of-home eating with anthropometric changes: a systematic review of prospective studies. Crit Rev Food
Sci Nutr 54:9, 1103-1116
• Bezerra et al (2012) Association between eating out of home and body weight. Nutr Rev 2012;70:65–79
• Vandevijvere et al. (2009) Eating out-of-home in Belgium: current situation and policy implications. British J Nutr 102 (06) 921-928