Overview of class size reduction background and steps necessary to develop a compliance plan for FY2012.

Class Size Reduction (CSR)Compliance Plan Development

CLASS SIZE REDUCTION BACKGROUND: • What voters approved in 2002.• Legislature set implementation schedule.• State failed to meet their CSR funding responsibility.• SDPBC efforts to date to meet class size.• Other Florida school districts experienced disruption attempting to comply this year.• Legislature’s Constitutional Amendment 8 failed.• SDPBC must submit a plan to comply for 2011-12.

CSR Amendment Approved by Voters in 2002Stipulated State Funding Responsibility

Florida Constitution- Article IX Education

SECTION 1. Public education.-- (a) The education of children is a fundamental value of the people of the State of Florida. It is, therefore, a paramount

duty of the state to make adequate provision for the education of all children residing within its borders. Adequate provision shall be made by law for a uniform, efficient, safe, secure, and high quality system of free public schools that allows students to obtain a high quality education and for the establishment, maintenance, and operation of institutions of higher learning and other public education programs that the needs of the people may require. To assure that children attending public schools obtain a high quality education, the legislature shall make adequate provision to ensure that, by the beginning of the 2010 school year, there are a sufficient number of classrooms so that:

(1) The maximum number of students who are assigned to each teacher who is teaching in public school classrooms for prekindergarten through grade 3 does not exceed 18 students;

(2) The maximum number of students who are assigned to each teacher who is teaching in public school classrooms for grades 4 through 8 does not exceed 22 students; and

(3) The maximum number of students who are assigned to each teacher who is teaching in public school classrooms for grades 9 through 12 does not exceed 25 students.

The class size requirements of this subsection do not apply to extracurricular classes. Payment of the costs associated with reducing class size to meet these requirements is the responsibility of the state and not of local schools districts.

Legislature set implementation schedule

• In 2003, the Florida Legislature enacted Senate Bill 30-A that implemented the amendment by requiring the number of students in each classroom be reduced by at least two students per year beginning in the 2003-04 school year, until the maximum number of students per classroom did not exceed the requirements in law. The amendment would be calculated as follows:

• 2003-2004, 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 at the district level • 2006-2007 and 2008-2009 at the school level

– The 2009 Legislature extended the calculation at the school level for an additional year to include 2009-2010.

• 2010-2011 at the classroom level (absent approval of Amendment 8)

State has Failed to meet theirFunding Responsibility

• Base Student Allocation has nearly fallen to 2002-03 funding level.

• Total funding per student (incld. CSR) has fallen -6.5% since the start of the 2007-08 school year. This reflects an $80 million reduction in annual operating revenues for SDPBC.

• Actual CSR funding approved by Florida Legislature is far less than the Florida Department of Education’s (FLDOE) own cost projections. Legislative CSR appropriations nearly $7 billion less than FLDOE projected cost.

BSA for 2010-11 is only $34.28 higher than the 2002-03 (Pre-CSR)

Pre-CSR

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Base Student Allocation (BSA) 3,537.11$ 3,630.03$ 3,670.26$ 3,742.42$ 3,981.61$ 4,079.74$ 3,886.14$ 3,630.62$ 3,623.76$

District Cost Differential (DCD) 1.0564 1.0599 1.0468 1.0372 1.0307 1.0334 1.0364 1.039 1.0406

BSA (incld. DCD) for Palm Beach 3,736.60$ 3,847.47$ 3,842.03$ 3,881.64$ 4,103.85$ 4,216.00$ 4,027.60$ 3,772.21$ 3,770.88$

Increase to Palm Beach BSA since 2002-03 34.28$

$3,400.00

$3,500.00

$3,600.00

$3,700.00

$3,800.00

$3,900.00

$4,000.00

$4,100.00

$4,200.00

$4,300.00

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

Or 0.9 %

DOE estimated a Total 8 Year Allocation of $25.6 billion was needed to meet CSR in 2006.

Source: DOE presentation to Florida Finance Officers, November 2006.

The Legislature ultimately allocated $18.7 billion, or $6.9 billion less than the Department of Education’s projected need.

Source: DOE presentation to School Finance Officers, June 9, 2010.

Actual lifetime CSR allocation is $6.9 billion less than DOE’s 2006 projection of need.

Elem. Middle HighK-5 Grd. 6-8 Grd. 9-12

Fiscal Year 1 teacher per 1 teacher per 1 teacher per

1989-90 26.0 24.0 24.51990-91 27.0 25.0 25.51991-92 27.0 25.0 25.51992-93 30.0 28.0 29.51993-94 29.0 28.0 29.5

K-2 Grd. 3-5 Grd. 6-8 Grd. 9-121994-95 28.0 29.0 28.0 29.51995-96 28.0 29.0 28.0 29.51996-97 28.0 31.0 29.5 31.51997-98 28.0 31.0 29.5 31.51998-99 26.0 29.5 29.5 31.01999-00 26.0 29.5 29.5 31.02000-01 25.0 29.0 29.5 31.02001-02 25.0 29.0 29.5 31.02002-03 25.0 29.0 29.5 31.02003-04 25.0 29.0 29.5 31.0

Constitutional Amendment - Class Size Reduction (Non-AAA School Ratios)K-2 Grd. 3-5 Grd. 6-8 Grd. 9-12

2004-05 22.0 26.0 26.5 28.0

Elementary allocation aligned with CSR (K-3)K-3 Grd. 4-5 Grd. 6-8 Grd. 9-12

2005-06 21.0 24.0 24.0 26.02006-07 18.0 22.0 22.0 25.02007-08 17.0 21.0 21.0 24.02008-09 17.0 21.0 21.0 23.52009-10 18.0 22.0 22.0 25.0

STATE REQ. 18.0 22.0 22.0 25.0

Red. Since FY04 7.0 7.0 7.5 6.0

THE SCHOOL DISTRICT OF PALM BEACH COUNTY, FLORIDAClass Size History

(Regular Teacher Allocation Formulas)

Elementary Breakout

Class sizes in Palm Beach County are at historic lows.

SDPBC met CSR requirements at school average level.

State funding reductions since the start of FY08 derailed local efforts to fully comply at the classroom level.

In light of Amendment 8, Palm Beach did best to comply given resources available.

Other Districts experienced Negative Implications of CSR compliance and inadequate state funding this year

• Combining classes of students of different grade levels.

• Combining of gifted and regular classes.

• Elimination of fine arts and other elective courses.

• Closing media centers and assigning media specialists to the classroom.

• Assigning guidance counselors to the classroom.

• Denying students access to core academic elective courses (i.e. advanced placement, honors classes)

• Shuffling thousands of students between teachers two months into the school year.

• Removing students from academic elective courses mid-school year against their wishes.

• Capping school enrollment and directing students to alternate schools.

• Utilization of substitutes and less than highly qualified teachers.

• Under enrolled classes eliminated.• Thousands of students redirected to

virtual education.• Teachers not distributing textbooks

until end of first grading period.• Reducing student graduation

requirements.• Changing school boundaries

Quotes regarding CSR this year• "We have given up an entire grading period — a quarter of the school year — to be in compliance," said

Robert Moll, head of finance for Volusia County schools. "The disruption of classes, the schedule changes, the changes of teachers."

Orlando Sentinel - October 11, 2010 • Some are using "problematic" methods to comply, Education Commissioner Eric Smith said. He's troubled

by reports of elementary schools putting children from two grade levels, such as first and second grade, in one classroom because that means the teacher has to deal with two sets of standards. Some high school students are having trouble getting advanced classes and electives such as music and art that face elimination due to teachers being reassigned to core academic subjects covered by the class-size requirements. "At the end of the day we're going to find a lot of schools - I hope districts, but schools - that are in compliance," Smith said. "Now the real question is going to be at what academic cost did they get into compliance.”

Miami AP – October 7, 2010

• Ken Otero, deputy superintendent in Hillsborough, didn't take sides on that question. But he said schools are struggling this year for all the wrong reasons. "The driving force is not the quality of the instruction but the number of kids in the classroom," he said. "I have never spent more time trying to balance classrooms and make decisions that I feel aren't in the best interests of a kid, just to meet class size."

• Class-size limits to force new schedules for 11,000 Broward studentsSun-Sentinel – October 4, 2010

Additional Quotes regarding CSR:• ``[We] are sworn to uphold the Constitution,'' said Richard Hinds, chief financial officer for the

Miami-Dade district. ``But we really don't have enough money to do it. And at the same time, we have to make decisions that are good for students. It's a balancing act.''Miami Herald – October 10, 2010

• "Everybody's miserable," Aronowitz said. "Certified people are being used to teach classes, which is fine, except that if it's the media specialist, and then you're not able to keep your media center open for as many periods as it should be open."Miami AP – October 7, 2010

• "It was presented to us as a class size issue," said Ninomiya. The two students with the lowest scores were moved out of the class to meet the new requirement, she said. "I don't think this was the intended consequence of the amendment."Sun-Sentinel – October 12, 2010

• Emmy was the 26th kid. "It makes me mad," said Boyd, 17. "I don't think it's fair to promise kids classes at the beginning of school and then pull the rug out."St. Petersburg Times - September 24, 2010

Districts that complied in October 2010 may not be able to sustain compliance

Excerpt from November 18, 2010 Memorandum:TO: District School SuperintendentsFROM: Joy Frank, Florida Association of District School

Superintendents (FADSS)

Class Size Reduction – “Districts went to great lengths to be in compliance and the impact on student performance/achievement is not known. However, most felt that the changes to make CSR were not educationally sound and that student achievement will suffer. In addition, while many came into compliance this year; next year will be next to impossible since reserves were tapped, etc. Sustainability is a major concern.”

Amendment 8 - Class Size

• Florida Legislature placed question on November ballot to amend CSR requirements.

• Intent was to provide similar flexibility as existed last year (school average) and add hard cap for individual classes.

• Failed to garner 60% Voter approval required to pass.

Grade Level School Average Hard Class Cap

Kndrg. - 3 18 21

Grades 4 - 8 22 27

Grades 9 -12 25 30

FAILED 11/2/2010

Implications of Amendment 8 Failing to Pass

• For 2010-11 school year, Palm Beach schools did their best to comply at the individual classroom level with existing resources. The district reached 80% compliance and faces a potential financial penalty.

• District is penalized for each student over the class size cap. Includes loss of CSR categorical and 50% of Base Student Allocation (BSA) per FTE (approx. $3,000 per FTE).

• Proceeds from CSR penalties may be redistributed to school districts that comply with CSR (Bonus up to 5% of BSA).

• School districts failing to comply may avoid 75% or more of penalty by submitting a plan to comply for 2011-12 school year.

• Net Penalty after submitting compliance plan for FY2012 is $4 million.

• Under current law, penalty increases in FY12 to CSR categorical and 100% of BSA (approx. $6,000 per FTE).

Palm Beach joined CSR Lawsuit challenging penalties, but must plan to comply regardless:

• What is believed to be an unconstitutional financial penalty and redistribution of state and local class size reduction funds as a reward or "bonus" for school districts that meet class size requirements.

• Failure to meet State Funding Responsibility - The Florida Legislature appropriated $82 million for CSR for FY11 although the State Board of Education recommended $354 million in February, 2010.

• Lawsuit is supported by Florida Association of District School Superintendents (FADSS), Florida School Boards Association (FSBA), and Greater Florida Consortium of School Boards.

– Miami-Dade, Broward, and several other counties have joined suit.

• "The day somebody gets a notice of a penalty we will litigate the next day," said Wayne Blanton, the association's executive director.

Miami AP – October 7, 2010

How did we do this year?SDPBC October 2010 CSR Results

Grade Level Total Core Classes

Classes Over Cap % Over Cap

Grades PK – 3 58,478 10,342 17.69%

Grades 4 – 8 34,049 6,787 19.93%

Grades 9 – 12 10,711 4,117 38.44%

Total 103,238 21,246 20.58%

School Level FY11 Penalty @100% (no plan for FY12)

FY11 Penalty @25% (submit plan for FY12)

FY12 Penalty Projection w/out improvement

Elementary $3,405,281 $851,320 $5,483,083

Middle $5,405,469 $1,352,117 $9,063,851

High $7,308,928 $1,827,232 $12,244,903

Total $16,122,677 $4,030,669 $26,791,792

Average School CSR Results Level Schools

Out of Compliance

Average Penalty per

School (@ 100%)

Average Penalty Per School

(@ 25%)

Avg. # of Students over Cap per Class

Elementary 107 $31,825 $7,956 1.6

Middle 34 $159,073 $39,768 3.4

High 22 $332,224 $83,056 3.7

Total 163 $98,912 $24,728 2.3

Sections Students Avg. Stdnts Sections Students Avg. StdntsCourse # Course Title Over Cap Over Cap Over per Sec. Course # Course Title Over Cap Over Cap Over per Sec.0701330 FRENCH 2 3 7 2 1210320 ADV PL STAT 2 9 50701340 FRENCH 3 2 13 7 1298310 ADV TOPICS IN MATH 5 14 30701350 FRENCH 4 1 6 6 2000310 BIO 1 22 106 50708340 SPANISH 1 1 1 1 2000320 BIO 1 HON 14 57 40708350 SPANISH 2 9 31 3 2000340 ADV PL BIO 1 1 10708360 SPANISH 3 3 5 2 2000350 ANAT PHYSIO 1 1 10708370 SPANISH 4 1 3 3 2000410 ZOOLOGY 1 5 50717300 AMER SIGN LANG 1 2 7 4 2001380 ADV PL ENV SCI 1 1 11000410 INTENS READ 4 4 1 2002420 INTEG SCI 2 8 17 21001310 ENG 1 1 1 1 2002500 MARINE SCI 1 5 6 11001320 ENG HON 1 10 34 3 2003340 CHEM 1 7 16 21001340 ENG 2 4 12 3 2003350 CHEM 1 HON 6 12 21001350 ENG HON 2 7 13 2 2003380 PHYS 1 4 17 41001370 ENG 3 6 8 1 2003390 PHYS 1 HON 6 35 61001380 ENG HON 3 7 12 2 2020910 ASTR S/G HON 2 11 61001400 ENG 4 7 21 3 2100310 US HISTORY 10 40 41001410 ENG HON 4 3 13 4 2100320 US HIST HON 6 21 41001430 ADV PL ENG LIT COMPO 2 3 2 2100330 ADV PL U.S. HIST 2 5 31006310 JOURN 2 1 1 1 2102320 ECON HON 7 32 51007350 DEBATE 3 2 3 2 2102360 ADV PL MICROECON 1 11 111007360 DEBATE 4 1 6 6 2102380 AMERICAN ECON EXP 3 26 91200310 ALG 1 5 13 3 2106320 US GOVT HON 1 4 41200330 ALG 2 5 8 2 2106450 AMER POLIT SYSS 4 36 91200340 ALG 2 HON 4 8 2 2107300 PSYCH 1 6 37 61200500 ADV ALG W/FIN APP 3 10 3 2107350 ADV PL PSYCH 3 11 41202310 ADV PL CALCULUS AB 1 5 5 2108300 SOCIOLOGY 2 6 31202340 PRE-CALCULUS 3 4 1 2109310 WORLD HIST 9 30 31206310 GEO 11 19 2 2109320 WORLD HIST HON 9 31 31206320 GEO HON 4 11 3 2109420 ADV PL WORLD HIST 1 1 11208300 LIB ARTS MATH 2 2 1 21003402 AFRICAN-AMER HIST 1 3 31210300 PROB, STAT W/APPLS 1 7 7 21033004 WORLD CLTRL GEOG 5 7 1

62 Total 271 900 3

Challenge is to continue comprehensive course offerings and comply with hard caps - Sample High School – Classes over cap

CLASS SIZE REDUCTION OVERVIEW OF STRATEGIES: • Strategies to fully comply with class size reduction requirements are provided in Florida Statute (1003.03).• Additional strategies from other school districts across Florida have also been listed.• Ultimate CSR Compliance Plan will likely require a mix of district and school based strategies. For example, strategies selected by schools may have to be bargained with CTA. The district would address contract negotiations as a system.• Financial impact of CSR Compliance Plan will be a component of the FY2012 budget challenge. Strategies to reduce cost such as eliminating support positions or closing schools would be addressed through the School Board’s budget development process.

Financial StrategyNo. Strategy Impact Origin

1 Add full-time teachers to core subject areas Tchrs. FADSS, others

Elementary 440 29,343,600$ Middle 209 13,938,210 High 250 16,672,500

Total 899 59,954,310$

2 F.S. 1003.03, other districts

Elementary Equiv. Tchrs N/A

Middle - Increase instructional periods from 5 to 6 392 8,447,567$ High - Increase instructional periods from 5 to 6 428 14,734,628

820 23,182,195$

Impact of Increasing Instructional Periods from 5 to 6

Periods Per Teacher 5 6

Periods Per Student 6 6

Student/Teacher Ratio 22 18

Impact of Increasing Instructional Periods from 5 to 6

Periods Per Teacher 5 6

Periods Per Student 7 7

Student/Teacher Ratio 25 20

STATE-WIDE CLASS SIZE REDUCTION STRATEGIES

Change required teaching loads and scheduling of planning periods to maximize use of instr. Staff (secondary)

High Schools

Implications for the School District of Palm Beach CountySources: Florida Statute, Fla. Assoc. District School Superintendents, FY11 Fla. District Strategies

Middle Schools

Note: Additional instructionperiod per teacher increases schedule capacity by 20%.

3 Adopt alternative methods of class scheduling, such as block scheduling. Uniform schedules by level. Relates to Option 2

F.S. 1003.03, other districts

4 Amend collective bargaining contracts that hinder the implementation of CSR Relates to Option 2

F.S. 1003.03, other districts

5 Deploy district employees with professional certification to classroom

F.S. 1003.03, FADSS, others

Instructional Support Personnel: Funding Source Sal. & Ben. FTEInstructional Coaches (Reading) CRRP-Gen. Fund * 3,900,999$ 56.0Instructional Coaches (Reading, Math, or Sci.) Title I * 6,369,865 88.5Instructional Coaches (Reading, Math, or Sci.) Title I ARRA * 2,160,508 33.0Learning Team Facilitators Title I * 281,622 4.0Learning Team Facilitators Title I ARRA * 2,318,662 34.0Learning Team Facilitators Title II * 1,268,002 19.0RtI (Response to Intervention)/Inclusion Facilitators IDEA ARRA * 8,601,341 122.0Media Specialists General Fund 14,097,368 188.0Guidance Counselors General Fund 22,202,336 304.0* Funding source restricted. ARRA sunsets in FY11. 61,200,703$ 848.5

Department Staff * Funding Source Sal. & Ben. FTEDept Based Personnel w/certification General Fund 21,195,105$ 217.0Dept Based Personnel w/certification Grant 23,875,166 303.0

45,070,271$ 520.0* Includes all department staff that hold a certificate in any area.

Options to augment teacher workforce:6 Use adjunct professors (p/t) for singleton classes School Based Mngt. Option F.S. 1003.03

7 Use retired teachers (p/t) for singleton classes School Based Mngt. Option SDPBC

8 Team teaching (associate teacher model at reduced compensation)

F.S. 1003.03, FADSS

Utilize associate teachers for team teaching with regular teachers (St. John's Model).Effectiveness of team teaching is constrained by size of classroom.Compensation of associate teacher is approximately $26,000 less than avg. teacher.

Options to mitigate cost of CSR compliance:9 Combining classes of multiple grade levels School Based Mngt. Option FADSS

Save 1 teacher for every combination class ($66k).

10 Combining gifted and regular classes School Based Mngt. Option FADSS

Save 1 teacher for every combination class ($66k).

11 Capping course offerings (closing or not offering additional sections) School Based Mngt. Option FADSS

Save 1 teacher for every 5 sections closed ($66k).

Cost of p/t adjunct professor vs. average teacher - TBD

Cost of p/t retiree vs. average teacher - TBD

Options related to instructional delivery:

12 Encourage qualified students to take dual enrollment courses School Based Mngt. Option F.S. 1003.03

13 Encourage students to take courses from virtual instruction programs School Based Mngt. Option F.S. 1003.03

Options related to early graduation:

14 Repeal Board policies that require students to have more than 24 credits to graduate.

(Effectively permits students to take 6 pds. rather than 7) F.S. 1003.03

15Adopt policies to allow students to graduate after passing 10th grade FCAT and required courses. F.S. 1003.03

Saves 1 teacher for every 5 sections served through dual enrollment ($66k).

Saves 1 teacher for every 5 sections served through virtual education ($66k).

Save 1 teacher for every 25 students that opt for early graduation ($66k).

Reduce high school students to 6 period day; save approx. $9.2 million.

Options related to school boundaries:

16Redraw school attendance zones to maximize use of facilities while minimizing the additional use of transportation. F.S. 1003.03

17 Capping school enrollment and directing students to neighboring schools. F.S. 1003.03

Options related to the use of school facilities and student capacity:

18Operate schools beyond the normal operating hours to provide classes in the evening or operate more than one session of school during the day. Double Sessions F.S. 1003.03

19Use year-round schools and other nontraditional calendars that do not adversely impact annual assessment of student achievement. F.S. 1003.03

Save cost of additional teacher [i.e. 19th (k-3), 23rd (4-8), 26th (9-12) student], transportation cost may increase.

Avoid $100k cost per modular classroom (capital $), plus transportation (g/f $).

Avoid $100k cost per modular classroom (capital $).

Avoid $100k cost per modular classroom (capital $).

20Use joint-use facilities through partnerships with community colleges, state universities, and private colleges and universities. F.S. 1003.03

21

F.S. 1003.03

22Consolidate schools, reduce operational overhead costs.Level (impact per school closure) Equiv. Tchrs Savings*Elementary 20 1,313,742$ Middle 27 1,806,816$ High 45 2,967,907$ * Savings reflects eliminating the costs for utilities, school support and school administrative positions.

23Increase core course offerings by reducing non-core courses FADSS, others

Saves $66k for every teacher position redirected to core subject area and raises the student/teacher ratio in remaining non-core classes.

SDPBC currently practices these methods to reduce construction costs.

Use innovative methods to reduce the cost of school construction by using prototype school designs, using SMART Schools designs, participating in the School Infrastructure Thrift Program.

Avoid $100k cost per modular classroom (capital $).

CSR COMPLIANCE PLAN DEVELOPMENT: • SDPBC must submit a plan to comply for 2011-12 on a school by school basis.• Liquid Office form (PBSD 2391) has been created to facilitate plan submission.• Schools to choose from a menu of strategies provided by Florida Statute to meet CSR. New strategies may be added.• Given limited resources, schools must develop CSR plan in the most cost effective manner.• Principals to meet with School Advisory Council (SAC) and faculty to gather stakeholder input.•School Principal and Area Superintendent approve school plans.

Plan Development Timeline• Principals approve and submit plan by Friday, January 28,

2011.• Plans are routed to Area Superintendent for approval through

Liquid Office. Area Superintendents’ must also approve by close of business Friday January 28, 2011.

• CFO approves individual plans and compiles into comprehensive district plan by Tuesday, February 1, 2011.

• CSR Plan is posted on E-Agenda one week prior to February 9 School Board Special Meeting to Approve CSR Compliance Plan.

• Submit Board approved CSR Compliance Plan by February 15, 2011 as required by statute.

Help is available• Optional Open Labs will be held to assist principals with completing CSR

plan:

• Call IT Service Desk for help accessing or submitting LiquidOffice form (242-4100 or PX 44100)

• Call Budget Department for questions regarding CSR strategies (434-8837 or PX48837).

• Call Andy Binns for questions related to scheduling and CSR implications (434-8542 or PX48542).

Area Date Time Location

South January 18 8:30 to 11:30 Forest Park Elem.

Central January 21 8:30 to 11:30 FHESC - Ibis #1

West January 19 8:30 to 11:30 Everglades Elem.

North January 20 8:30 to 11:30 Marsh Pointe Elem.

Class Size Reduction (CSR) Compliance Plan PresentationJanuary, 2011

Thank you for your attention