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May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Overview of Daylight Simulation Tools
VELUX 2nd Daylight SymposiumMarch 7th, 2007, Bilbao, Spain
Zack Rogers, P.E., IESNA, LEED APArchitectural Energy Corporation
LightLouver LLC
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
• Why? – Daylighting Benefits
• What? – Daylighting Metrics
• How? – Design Challenges, Analysis Tools
• When? – Daylighting Design and Analysis Process
Presentation Outline - Daylighting Design
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Why? - Energy SavingsEnergy Savings
• Electric lighting accounts for 25% of a commercial building’s total energy consumption
• 40% of a commercial building’s electricity consumption
• Substantial portion of peak cooling loads
• Daylight can reduce electrical lighting consumption and cooling loads if delivered properly and paired with an effective lighting control system
= Reduced costs= Reduced emissions
Lighting
Officeequipment
Heating
Cooling
Fans
Hot W aterOutdoor Air HeatGains
Solar Heat Gains
Shell Heat Gains
Occupant HeatGains
Office equip HeatGains
Lighting HeatGains
Typical Office Building Energy Costs
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Why? – Psychological Benefits, Occupant ExperienceOccupant Experience
• Visual connection to the outdoors
• Distant focal point for eyes to relax
• Studies suggest that daylight and views to the outside…
– Stimulates healthy circadian rhythms
– Reduces stress
– Raises “mood” and sense of satisfaction
– Improves productivity
– Improves attentiveness
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
What? – Daylighting Metrics
Successful Daylighting Design Performance Characteristics
• Quantity– Ambient lighting requirements for the majority of the year provided by daylight
• Quality– Uniform distribution of daylight to reduce uncomfortably high brightness ratios– Control of direct sunlight when necessary– Solar heat gains utilized when beneficial
• Useability– User adjustment and/or override when necessary (blackout)– Ensure access to adequate daylight for all occupants– View and connection to the outdoors
• Building Integration– Well integrated with the Architecture inside and out– Synergistic with other building systems
• Cost Effective– Integrated with daylight responsive lighting controls providing for a payback in energy savings– Minimized costs further reducing payback period from energy savings
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
• Extremely Dynamic Resource– Changes by the hour, season– Variable Climate conditions
• Solar Heat Gain control– Efficacious source of light: 90 – 120 Lumens/Watt– Utilize the light while controlling the heat
• Glare Control– Exterior conditions 10 – 20x greater than interior
• Integration with Electric lighting controls– Essential for energy savings
• User Interaction / Education– Critical for occupants to understand daylight design intent
• Physical / Computer Simulation Challenges
How? - Design and Analysis Challenges
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
• Critical to understand all design under all daylight conditions
– Poor daylighting design can result in greater energy use and worse visual environment
– Completely negating the psychological and environmental benefits
• Why computer simulation?
– Less costly to make mistakes in a simulation
– Explore numerous design alternatives cost effectively
– Explore any geographical location at any time of year
– Clearly illustrate ideas to client
How? – Using annual simulation and analysis tools
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Analysis Tools: Physical Modeling MethodsPhysical Modeling Methods
• Mirror box cloudy sky simulator– Seattle Daylighting Lab,
www.daylightinglab.com– Pacific Energy Center,
www.pge.com/pec– Others?
• Scanning sky simulator– LESO PB,
http://lesowww.epfl.ch/e/research_dl_scansky.html
• Indoor heliodons– Pacific Energy Center,
www.pge.com/pec
• Outdoor heliodons
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Analysis Tools: RadiosityRadiosity SoftwareSoftware
• AGI32– Lighting Analysts
www.agi32.com
• AutoDesk VIS– Autodesk
www.autodesk.com/viz
• Lumen Designer / Lumen Micro– Lighting Technologies
www.lighting-technologies.com
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Analysis Tools: Forward Forward RaytracingRaytracing EnginesEngines
• TracePro– Lambda Research Corp.
www.lambdares.com
• Photopia– Lighting Technologies
www.autodesk.com/viz
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Analysis Tools: Backward Backward RaytracingRaytracing -- Radiance and InterfacesRadiance and Interfaces
• Radiance– LBNL, Greg Ward
www.radiance-online.com
• Radiance Interfaces– Desktop Radiance –
radsite.lbl.gov/deskrad– Rayfront – www.schorsch.com– Ecotect – www.ecotect.com– Adeline – radsite.lbl.gov/adeline– DAYSIM – irc.nrc-
cnrc.gc.ca/ie/light/daysim.html– SPOT –
www.archenergy.com/SPOT
– IES VE - http://www.iesve.com/
Radiance Benchmark – 72mins best speed
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Simulation Tools: Climate AnalysisClimate Analysis
• Climate Consultant 3.0
– www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
• Ecotect
– www.ecotect.com
• WR Plot
– www.weblakes.com/lakewrpl.html
• TMY2 Data files
– rredc.nrel.gov/solar/old_data/nsrdb/tmy2/
• EPW Data files
– www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/cfm/weather_data.cfm
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1st January to 31st December
-10 -10
0 0
10 10
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°C °CDRY BULB TEMPERATURE - MEMPHIS, USA
Baltimore, MD Comfort Data
0.0000
0.0020
0.0040
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0.0100
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0.0140
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35.00 45.00 55.00 65.00 75.00 85.00Temperature, oF
Hum
idity
Rat
io, [
lb M
oist
Air
/lb D
ry A
ir]
Winter Comfort Zone Summer Comfort Zone Average Outdoor Temperatures 100% RH
Humidifying only Heating and
humidifying
Sensible heating only
Chemical dehumidifying
Dehumidifying only
Cooling and dehumidifying
Sensible cooling only
Evaporative cooling only
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Simulation Tools: SunpathSunpath DiagramsDiagrams
• Ecotect
– www.squ1.com
• Solar path finder
– www.solarpathfinder.com/DIA.html
• Profile Angle Diagrams
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-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Solar Azimuth Profile Angle, [deg]
Sol
ar A
ltitu
de P
rofil
e A
ngle
, [de
g]
Summer Equinox Winter
Full
Sha
ding
Tim
es
Full Shading Times
Full
Sha
ding
Tim
es
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Analysis Tools: Other Other softwaressoftwares
• DOE-2 Engine www.DOE2.com• DOE-2 Interfaces
– Equestwww.energydesignresources.com/resource/130/
– Power DOE www.DOE2.com– Visual DOE
www.archenergy.com/products/visualdoe/
• Energy Plus http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/
– See above link for interfaces
• Optics 5 / 6(beta) windows.lbl.gov/materials/optics5
• Skycalc www.h-m-g.com
• Window windows.lbl.gov/materials/windows
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Climate Analysis
Solar Shading Analysis
Annual Insolation
Daylight Delivery Systems
Solar Animations
Renderings / Photos
Glare / Luminance
Ratios
Interior Illuminance
Annual Illuminance
Glazing Analysis -
Optical
Window Analysis - Thermal
Electric Lighting
Integration
Daylight Responsive
Controls
3D Viz*+ Fast S F F S S L++ L FAGI 32*+ Fast S F F S F L++ S FDAYSIM Slow F+ F+ S+ F+ F+ F+ F+ S S F+ LDOE-2* Fast F S S S S L L L SEcotect Fast F F F+ S+ F+ F+ F+ F+ F+ F+ RHeliodon** Slow F L F S L L LLumen Designer*+ Fast F F F S F L++ S FLumen Micro* Fast F F L S L++ S FManual Calculations Fast S S S L S S S S S SMirror-Box** Slow L S L L LOptics 5 Fast FOutdoor Modeling** Slow F S F L S S++ LPhotopia Slow L L F ? ? L S++ FRadiance Slow F F F F F F F F S FSkyCalc Fast S L L L L L LSPOT Slow S S S S S L S STracePro Slow L L F S S L S FWindows 5 Fast F* Radiosity engine - simulations subject to radiosity limitations
** Physical modeling - simulations subject to physical modeling limitations
*+ Radiosity engine w / post process raytrace for renderings
+ Relies on interface w ith Radiance for simulation
++ Output can be used w ith manual calculations to provide simulation
RFSL
Radiance EngineSPOTDAYSIMEcotect
Design DevelopmentSchematic DesignPre-Design
Daylight Simulation Tools / Methods
Sim. Speed
Some LimitationsLimited Ability
Radiance User InterfacesRayfrontDesktop RadianceAdeline
KeyRadianceFull Ability
Daylighting Simulation Tool Summary
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
AEC Simulation Tools: RadianceRadiance
• Highly accurate backward raytracing engine
• Essentially no limitations in modeling of surface / material characteristics (diffuse, specular, BRDF, anisotropic)
• Capable of high quality renderings - only traces rays seen by the viewpoint
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
AEC Simulation Tools: SPOTSPOT
• Sensor Placement + Optimization Tool• Aids in the design and specification of
lighting control systems in response to daylight
• Utilizes Radiance for calculations
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
AEC Simulation Tools: Optics5 & Window5Optics5 & Window5
• Accurate simulation of glazing thermal and optical behavior
• Interfaces with the International Glazing Database (IGDB)
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
When? - Daylighting Project Schedule
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic Schematic DesignDesign
Design Design DevelopmentDevelopment
Construction Construction DocumentsDocuments
Climate AnalysisClimate Analysis
Site SelectionSite Selection
Introduce StrategiesIntroduce Strategies
Glazing SelectionGlazing Selection
SpecificationsSpecifications
ReviewReview
Electric Lighting Integration & ControlElectric Lighting Integration & Control
RecommendationsRecommendations
Establish GoalsEstablish Goals
Space Programming Space Programming –– Identify Daylit SpacesIdentify Daylit Spaces
Building Orientation Building Orientation -- Mass ModelingMass Modeling
Preliminary & Detailed ModelingPreliminary & Detailed Modeling
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Pre-DesignClimate Analysis – Cloud Cover
• Annual cloud cover and outdoor illuminances inform daylight design
• Minimal obstructions and solar control optimal for cloudy climates
• Adaptable / automated designs optimal for partly cloudy climates
• Aggressive solar control / redirection designs optimal for sunny climates
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
Wk
Hr
%
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52
4
8
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100
Wk4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Pre-DesignClimate Analysis – Thermal Conditions
• Thermal conditions indicate solar control needs for thermal comfort
• Vertical and northern windows, and aggressive shading optimal for hot / humid climates
• Shade southern windows optimal for swing climates
• Angled and open southern windows optimal for cold climates
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1st January to 31st December
-10 -10
0 0
10 10
20 20
30 30
40 40
°C °CDRY BULB TEMPERATURE - MEMPHIS, USA
°C
<051015
202530354045+
Wk
Hr
°C
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52
4
8
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16
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24
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10
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30
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50
Wk4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
• Illustrate the extent of shading from surrounding structures and landscape
• Determine solar exposure and daylight resource available on various facades
Schematic DesignSolar Shading / Access - Mass Models
CDC Laboratory, Fort Collins, CO
Interdisciplinary Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Schematic DesignAnnual Insolation
Sorouh Tower 1, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Winter insolation
Summer insolation
• Indication of Photovoltaic energy production potential
• Extent of necessary summertime solar gain control
• Low latitudes, 24o N, have little direct sunlight on southern facades – east and west and overhead control essential
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Schematic DesignIntroduce Strategies
• Conceptual strategies introduced
• Strategies based on orientation, space function, sun angle, daylight resource
• May involve simple modeling, sketches, example photos
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Schematic DesignSolar Animations – Direct Sunlight Penetration
• Annual solar animations help visualize extent of solar penetration throughout the year
• Informs solar control strategies
• Used in coordination with HVAC design / shifting peak load times
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Design DevelopmentDaylight Delivery Optimization
• Analyze specific daylight redirection strategies
• Use modeling tools to optimize the design (ceiling slope, lightshelf geometry, louver design, etc)
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Cuyamaca Community College, El Cajon, CA
• Simulations allow numerous design alternatives to be explored
• Clearly illustrate resulting daylighting performance
Design DevelopmentDaylight Distribution – Design Iterations
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Design DevelopmentGlare Assessment / Luminance Ratios
• Once adequate solar control provided, more detailed exploration of glare and contrast ratio issues
• Minimize veiling reflections off VDT’s
• Minimize duration of direct sunlight glare
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Design Development Interior Illuminance Calculations
• Contour plots
• False color renderings
• Point-in-time, annual average, cumulative, and animations
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Design Development Interior Illuminance – Annual Calculations
Clear Overcast
Interior
Avg Cafe Avg
Entry Avg Min Max
Interior Avg
Cafe Avg
Entry Avg Min Max
Winter 8:00 AM 6 9 7 3 17 2 3 7 1 11 9:00 AM 8 21 12 6 41 3 6 15 2 25 12:00 PM 11 34 16 9 92 6 11 26 4 44 3:00 PM 14 21 12 5 38 3 6 14 2 24 4:00 PM 9 8 7 3 17 1 3 6 1 10 Average 10 18 11 5 41 3 6 14 2 23 Equinox 7:00 AM 7 21 25 5 47 2 4 10 1 17 9:00 AM 9 33 20 8 52 7 12 30 4 50 12:00 PM 11 39 19 7 68 10 18 44 6 73 3:00 PM 18 28 19 7 48 8 13 32 4 54 6:00 PM 7 3 4 2 13 0 1 2 0 3 Average 10 25 17 6 45 6 10 24 3 39 Summer 5:00 AM 5 7 12 4 14 1 2 5 1 7
6:00 AM 9 34 81 8 558 3 6 15 2 25 9:00 AM 10 44 34 8 73 10 18 43 6 71 12:00 PM 10 48 24 8 84 13 23 55 8 91 3:00 PM 21 37 34 10 68 10 18 44 6 72 6:00 PM 18 42 43 13 74 4 6 16 2 26 7:00 PM 12 7 12 4 22 1 2 5 1 9 Average 12 31 34 8 128 6 11 26 4 43 Annual Average 11 25 20 6 65 5 9 22 3 36
• Indicate variation of daylight illuminance throughout the year
• Design conditions used to illustrate range of conditions that will exist
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Design Development Interior Illuminance – Annual Distribution
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31Jan 3.54 2.41 3.12 2.67 4.64 3.34 4.97 4.69 3.95 4.65 3.88 2.31 4.32 3.25 4.58 3.65 4.43 2.89 3.05 3.61 3.95 4.62 4.82 2.81 3.12 2.91 5.86 2.91 4.31 2.82 3.43Feb 3.06 3.68 4.04 5.52 3.41 4.62 4.56 6.85 6.68 4.37 5.41 6.79 4.03 3.87 6.87 7.06 6.96 2.74 5.16 6.25 4.49 5.26 5.28 6.14 7.87 7.26 5.3 6.96Mar 7.26 7.17 7.12 9.01 4.63 5.31 5.8 9.21 5.1 5.91 5.72 6.9 5.88 5.75 4.74 4.72 9.74 4.86 5.75 10.1 8.55 7.2 9.94 9.2 8.03 10.9 5.74 5.95 8.85 10 8.11Apr 11.3 4.12 8.09 5.72 8.68 5.34 11.6 4.84 10.3 4.44 8.97 8.89 11.3 7.26 12.5 9.84 10.5 6.81 6.4 4.63 12 11.5 6.78 10.7 12.4 12.9 13 12.6 11.8 12.6May 6.89 11.8 13.7 13.5 13.5 12.7 9.34 8.05 11.4 8.26 12.5 9.89 7.46 11.7 13.3 9.65 7.24 7.76 10.7 13.4 14 14.2 8.03 11.8 14 14.2 13.5 10.2 9.99 10.7 14.3Jun 13.5 12.6 13.8 12.2 12.4 13.9 5.7 11.4 7.99 6.93 13.6 12.4 9.28 11.1 14.6 14.1 11.2 7.05 12.2 12.7 14.3 13.6 11 13.7 14.3 13.7 9.3 13.8 6.16 12.6Jul 13.1 13.9 14.1 7.19 14.6 14.2 14 14.1 13.5 8.57 11.5 11.8 14.4 12.4 13.9 12.6 13.2 5.74 13.7 12.2 12.6 6.74 9.6 12.7 6.82 13.2 10.8 13.7 11.4 13 12.6Aug 12.2 13.8 12.8 8.97 10.1 6.84 11.9 11.7 11.4 11.9 9.45 11.5 12.6 6.43 7.78 10.6 12.2 12.4 11.3 9.88 11.7 7.05 5.47 8.69 11.6 6.13 10.7 6.4 8.59 11.1 6.77Sep 11.4 8.56 11.7 11.7 11.4 10.1 6.34 8.42 9.85 9.47 10.2 9.39 5.99 10.7 7.51 4.72 4.56 4.59 8.51 5.3 4.18 5.51 9.56 9.23 9.46 9.94 8.69 8.28 7.01 8.16Oct 8.09 8.92 9.34 8.43 8.16 4.05 7.25 7.52 4.49 8.97 5.08 4.23 3.88 4.88 7.65 8.21 7.46 4.09 3.81 4.68 7.47 7.26 3.71 6 6.73 6.5 6.13 6.26 2.78 6.03 4.77Nov 3.82 4.76 4.06 5.23 4.37 3.68 6.35 5.05 6.15 5.42 5.15 3.21 2.19 3.59 2.95 2.07 4.5 4.83 2.56 3.93 3.01 2.21 2.85 4.31 3.28 2.99 2.94 4.78 4.46 2.54Dec 2.43 3.24 2.58 2.77 4.32 4.01 4.08 4.39 2.64 3.45 4.21 2.29 2.76 2.53 2.31 3.04 3.33 2.42 2.38 2.64 2.65 1.9 2.77 2.9 3.7 2.39 2.05 2.79 4.31 2.45 4.49
• Daily average footcandle-hour plots useful for plant and museum applications
• Identify areas/times of inadequate daylight illuminance for plant health
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
• Final detailed renderings for design refinements and design visualization
• Explore various surface treatments
Shumei International Institute, Crestone, CO
Design DevelopmentDetailed Renderings
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Design DevelopmentWalk-Around Panoramics
• Interactive visualization of daylit spaces
• Useful in coordination with other disciplines
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
Kinard Middle School, Fort Collins, CO
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Design DevelopmentElectric Lighting Integration
• Design spaces to be balanced during daytime conditions
• Maximize energy savings while maintaining required illuminance
NASA Exploration Sciences Building Greenbelt, MD
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Design DevelopmentElectric Lighting Integration
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Construction Documents Glazing Recommendations
• Fine tune glazing specifications by orientation and function
• Allow appropriate spectrum of radiation to enter space (plants vs. humans)
• Generally, maximize visual spectrum and minimize IR / UV spectrum
• Supply performance-based specifications for competitive bid
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) Shading Coefficient (SC)
Location 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
South View 40% 0.35
South Daylight 65% 0.40
East/West View 40% 0.35
East/West Daylight
45% 0.40
North View 45% 0.45
Offi
ces
North Daylight 55% 0.45
South View 55% 0.45
South Daylight 55% 0.45
North View 40% 0.35
Cou
rtya
rd
North Daylight 65% 0.40
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Design DevelopmentDaylight Responsive Controls – Electric Lighting
Zone 1 Average Illuminance
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
6:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM
Time of Day
Wor
kpla
ne Il
lum
inan
ce [f
c]
Clear Winter Clear Equinox Clear Summer Cloudy WinterCloudy Equinox Cloudy Summer Design Illuminance
Annual Results
98282
Zone4 Total
1963 595
744715
179
10
Zone1 Zone2
1659182 539 261
13
Average Light OutputElectric Savings, [kWh/yr]
Heating Load, [kBtu/yr]Cooling Load, [kWh/yr]
Average Illuminance, [fc]Minimum Illuminance, [fc]
0.42 0.15
62
0.21 0.26Zone3
Maximum Illuminance, [fc] 153513
153520
1397
• Simulate photosensor control system settings, photocell placement, and control algorithms
• Create a balance between adequate annual illuminance and maximum energy savings
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
Design DevelopmentDaylight Responsive Controls – Electric Lighting
• LEED Daylight Credit Documentation
• IEQ8.1 – Daylight
• IEQ8.2 - Views
PrePre--DesignDesign Schematic DesignSchematic Design Design DevelopmentDesign Development Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
References
• Architectural Energy Corporation www.archenergy.com• California Energy Commission PIER www.energy.ca.gov• PIER Lighting Research Program (AEC site) www.Archenergy.com/lrp (CEC Site)
www.energy.ca.gov/pier/buildings/projects• Radiance Support Group www.radiance-online.org• Radiance radsite.lbl.gov• Desktop Radiance radsite.lb.gov/deskrad• Rayfront www.schorsch.com• Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance www.nwalliance.org• Pacific Gas & Electric www.pge.com• Savings by Design www.savingsbydesign.com• Energy Design Resources www.energydesignresources.com• Daylighting Collaborative www.daylighting.org• LBNL Windows and Daylight windows.lbl.gov• Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS) www.chps.net• Photosensor System Manufacturers:
– Easylite www.easylite.org– Hunt Dimming huntdimming.com– Lighting Control & Design www.lightingcontrols.com– Lithonia www.lithonia.com/Controls– Lutron MicroWatt www.lutron.com/digitalmicrowatt– Starfield www.starfieldcorp.com– WattStopper www.wattstopper.com– Douglas Lighting Controls www.douglaslightingcontrols.com– Leviton www.leviton.com
Daylighting Challenges Analysis Tools
Daylighting Benefits / MetricsDaylighting Analysis ToolsDaylighting Analysis Tools Design Process
May 7May 7thth, 2007, 2007VELUX Daylight SymposiumVELUX Daylight Symposium
Thank You!
Presentation will be available at:www.archenergy.com
Contact me at:[email protected]