p2p lecture 1-2
TRANSCRIPT
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1 2005 Nokia V1-Filename.ppt / yyyy-mm-dd / Initials
Peer-to-peer Systems with MobileApplications
T-106.5820 - Seminar on Distributed Systems, fall 2007
Jukka K. Nurminen
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Targets
Get an overview of P2P technologies
Investigate one technology deeply in individual work Stretch your thinking by considering how to apply P2P to mobile domain
Get experience of writing a conference paper or a public demo
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Two ways to do the seminar work
Demo
Build a demonstration of selected topic Deliverables
1(-2) page description of the demo topic (http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/-> Call forpapers->Demos)
Presentation of the demo + supporting material (e.g. slides)
Paper
Draft an article manuscript of selected topic
Deliverables
Paper (http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/-> Call for papers-> 1st IEEE InternationalPeer-to-Peer for Handheld Devices)
Presentation of the paper with relevant supporting material (e.g. slides)
http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/http://www.ieee-ccnc.org/2008/ -
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Schedule
18.09.200716-18
Introduction to course Introduction to P2P (example P2Psystems, what is P2P)
Ti 25.09.200716-18
Content search (unstructuredand structured P2P: Napster,Gnutella, Kazaa, DHT)
Content delivery (BitTorrent andCoolStreaming)
Ti 02.10.200716-18
Mobile P2P Seminar work selection anddiscussion
Ti 16.10.200713-18
Intermediate report
Ti 27.11.2007
1318
Final report
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Azureus BitTorrent client
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BearShare
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Symbian S60 versions: Symella and SymTorrent
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Skype
How skype works: http://arxiv.org/ftp/cs/papers/0412/0412017.pdf
http://arxiv.org/ftp/cs/papers/0412/0412017.pdfhttp://arxiv.org/ftp/cs/papers/0412/0412017.pdf -
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SETI@home (setiathome.berkeley.edu)
Currently the largest distributed computing effort with over 3 million users
SETI@home is a scientific experiment that uses Internet-connected computers inthe Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). You can participate by runninga free program that downloads and analyzes radio telescope data.
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Folding@home (http://folding.stanford.edu/)
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PPLive, TVU
PPLive is a P2P television network software that famous all over the world. It has thelargest number of users, the most extensive coverage in internet.
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Joost
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WoW Distribution of patches and software
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Wireless Sensor Networks
P2P aspects
Autonomous operation
Energy efficient communication
Military & natural scienceapplication
Business potential?
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P2P Protocols:
1999: Napster 2000: Gnutella, eDonkey
2001: Kazaa
2002: eMule, BitTorrent
2003: Skype
2004:PPLive 2005:TVKoo,TVAnts,PPStream, SopCast
2006: WoW distribution via P2P
2007: Joost, Vuze
Next: Gaming, mobile P2P
File Download
Streaming
Telephony
Video-on-Demand
Gaming
Application type:
Evolution of P2P via example applications
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Rise of P2P
P2P represented ~65%of InternetTraffic at end 2006
1999: Napster, first widely used p2p-application
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Development of P2P Applications
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
18.0
2.
2002
18.0
5.
2002
18.0
8.
2002
18.1
1.
2002
18.0
2.
2003
18.0
5.
2003
18.0
8.
2003
18.1
1.
2003
18.0
2.
2004
18.0
5.
2004
18.0
8.
2004
datavolumesin%p
erweek
FreenetDirect Connect++CarrachoBlubster
Neo-ModusFastTrack
WinMXShoutcastAudiogalaxyeDonkey2000
HotlineGnutellaBitTorrent
BitTorrent
FastTrack
Gnutellaedonkey
Shoutcast
Data source: http://netflow.internet2.edu/weekly/
Traffic portions of the different P2P applications and protocols from the traffic measured per week in the
Abilene backbone from 18.02.2002 until 18.010.2004
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Statement
Market share
Marketshare in 2004 (source CacheLogic)
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cicciottina.blogspirit.com/images/medium_skype.4.png&imgrefurl=http://cicciottina.blogspirit.com/archive/2006/01/index.html&h=96&w=96&sz=7&hl=en&start=12&tbnid=DbS78mDz7MQ5cM:&tbnh=81&tbnw=81&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dskype%2Bpng%2Bblue%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D -
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Driving Forces Behind Peer-to-Peer
Development of the terminal capabilities:
1992:
Average hard disk size: ~0.3Gbyte
Average processing power (clock frequency) of personal computers: ~ 100MHz
2002-04: Average processing power (clock frequency) of personal computers: ~ 3GHz
Average hard disk size: 100 Gbyte
Personal computers have capabilities comparable to servers in the 1990s
2007: Nokia N95 mobile phone
ARM9 ~1GHz clock frequency
Up to 2GB external Micro SD
Development of the communication networks:
Early 1990s: private users start to connect to the Internet via 56kbps modem connections
1999 Introduction of DSL and ADSL connections
Data rates of up to 8.5Mbps via common telephone connections become available
The deregulation of the telephone market shows first effects with significantly reduced tariffs, due toincreased competition on the last mile
bandwidth is plentiful and cheap!
2007 Nokia N95 HSDPA 1.8 Mbps
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Definition of Peer-to-peer (or P2P)
A peer-to-peer (or P2P) computer network is a network that relies primarily on thecomputing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than
concentrating it in a relatively small number of servers.
A pure peer-to-peer network does not have the notion of clients or servers, but only equalpeer nodes that simultaneously function as both "clients" and "servers" to the other nodeson the network.
This model of network arrangement differs from the client-server model wherecommunication is usually to and from a central server.
Taken from the wikipedia free encyclopedia - www.wikipedia.org
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Why is P2P so successful?
ScalableIts all about sharing resources
No need to provision servers or bandwidth Each user brings its own resource
E.g. resistant to flash crowds
flash crowd = a crowd of users all arriving at the same time
capacity
Resources couldbe:
Files to share;
Upload bandwidth;
Disk storage;
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Why is P2P so successful? (contd)
Cheap - No infrastructure needed
Everybody can bring its own content (at no cost)
Homemade content
Ethnic content
Illegal content
But also legalcontent
High availability Content accessible most of time
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Client/Server: Poor scalability
Client
Client Client
Client
ClientClient
3 bottlenecks
1. Server load
2. Edge capacity
3. End-to-end bandwidth
(Streaming TV quality picture to 4000users would require 3 Gbps outboundbandwidth)
C ll b i C i i
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Collaborative Communications
Client
Client Client
Client
Client
Client
Through cooperation, data transferfrom the server can be reduced.Releases some or all of the
bottlenecks.
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Numeric example with streaming
Each node
Needs: 5Provides: 10
Client/server not able to satisfy need (15)
But with P2P sharing this is feasible
=> Cooperation improves the situation foreverybody
23
5
source
A
B
C
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Some P2P research topics
Anonymity
Contentdistribution
(downloading,streaming)
IncentivesTrust and reputation
Content search
(unstructured,structured)
Applications Mobile use
Self-organizationScience of networks
P2P middleware
Security
Copyrights
Business models