panjabi primer easy learning part 3 english)
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e x K
kakka
LESSON VII
1 : : f KH o r G
k h a k h a gagga
ALPHABET 1B t
~ * })f * ~ * R S
urha arha c e r h i ssassa
tJ CH 5' CHH R J
c h a c h a
C T
t a i n k a
chhachha JaJp
o TH ~ D
thatha dadda
' 3 " T C T:: : soft *
'I f P
p a p p a
l i T y
TH t D
soft ,~
G PH ' 8 " B
p h a p h a b a b b a
t r H
haha
u r GH a *
d ' " R F . i L
lalla
g h a g g a
*
r a r a
jhajja
dhadda nahnha
r r DH 0' NH
soft '" soft nanna
~ BH }f M
b h a b b a mamma
? V/w;J' RH
w a v a rharha
R SH 1 ; : f KH Q T GH B z ~ F
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A. NEW WORDS
The consonants reproduced below have no corresponding letters in English. You will
need h elp to learn correct pronu nciation.
* * * * *
* l:f KH * U f GH ~
* S CHH * ~ JH ~
* 0" TH * ~ DH ~ N
:3 " T E f TH t 0 z r DH *
* * * ~ BH *
* * * * ;r RH
i. There is no letter in the English alphabet that corresponds w ith the sounds of four
letters in the fifth row . Therefore .. w hen writing English:
is represented by "T" (soft) as in "Sat N aam "
is represented by ''TH '' (soft) as III "both"
is represented by "0' (soft) as in "Gu rdwar a
is represented by "DH" (sort) as In "Buddha"
~ ~Mt. . . . ,
33 ?8r~ F B t cBt31
Ef1r) !Fffi E f T l . f anf t wa R T B l ~~
eI31,~ tTRt~ R B t atft Jftft~
l : : r o T ihft iEt. . . . ,
- a m1dl ' EU" F f T U F f T l J
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------_--------------------------
ii. The sounds of the letters in column two and four are expressed hy adding "H" to the
English letter corresponding to the Panjabi letter in the previous column in the same row .
F or e xample :
c r ~
U fH l:fl.fT 'KHOPA' GH UR f 'GHAR'
~ CHH 5TU 'CHHAP' " 5 " JH~
' JHOOLA'
(5 ~
~
TH o c r r 'THUG' DH ~ 'DHOL'
~ BH ~ 'BHAI'
I .~f t .~ i8" ~ f F r 1 : f ffil:f tTCf ()Tl:f
2. 51C~ ~ f50 & e x f t J a , r f tr5 fo5 fue,r
3. olc~ 5 a " r &rr 5w tro t P O l c x r o 1 wo1
~
~ ~
4. U R J r u r c J T T Ufr)~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~
5.~·~
"5a" ~ ¥ ~" 8 " " 5 l C X S T
6. ~~~
~ fur) ~~ }ffiO(I~I }reT
. . . . . . ~
~ a T m.~ ~ ~ " § P O T ~ ~
~~cNl ~~I ~~I ~¥I ~~~
UR f ~ m : rf c w w I OTH ~ cW o 1 a - J 1 ~ SZ Uffi fu B un I
iii. In the fifth column. the first two letters & and ~ are unique and rarely used. Theyhave a very special nasal sound. The reader may ignore them for the present. The third
letter :~ is a special "N" sound with additional nasal affects. Change of () to C
changes the meaning of the word. For example. when () is replaced C, the word CiI'?)T
(reed)' changes to arcr (one eyed person).
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f > . . R R : r a -3 t ~ I CST "fr& ~ }flO I 3 " 3 r US ~ E a r ~ I
~ I mr 3R ~ I ~ e r a - -eae 83 r " f r fa'pw I
Here arc some examples:
< : X r < ' ) T Reed O( ' t , One-eyed person
H 'O Mind ~ Unit of weight (about 80 lbx.)
FrO Were ~ Jute fiber
l : : f T O T Pigeon hole. house ~ Food
c J l 1 ? 5 T A thread tied to arm dPt ' Song
The students w ill learn this vocabulary slowly as they become more familar with Panjahi
words.
IV . The last consonant 3" is a modified sound of "I)". Some persons usc "D" in place or
this letter. while others prefer "RH" (R hard) to represent this sound in English . for
example. kada. karha.t iro n b ra ce le t)
B: HALF 'N' SOUND: TIPP} AND BIND!:
n
When "N" is shortened to be a nasal sound. it is put on the top or the line. The stem is
removed and only a semicircle. called Tippi. is used. This is done in case of four vowels.
M ukia. Sihari, Aunkar and Do-aunkar. For the other six vowels and Urha it is reduced to
just a dot called Bincli.
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n o n
1 12 N := 0 - R O T = R O T sung
n n n n o n
Ra" t = r a " R O T t . ra" ~ G O T
Sunk Junk Sung Punk Hunt Rung
ff ior f f i a r R O T f & a T f t r c x ffia"Ring Sing W ing Kinu Pink Sink
o n o
Hit fun f r c f t1i oar R O To n n n n n
~ ~ ¥ ~ ~ ~
ii. B in di
R< : i:R ~ ~ b ~
Saint Paint Faint Sand Band Hand
dkjic 5iz ~ l i fur cfltr m e n" ' " ' . " ' " ' . " ' " ' . '"n • '"n • '"n •
3-e- ~ Rt ~ R " O T "JC
Long Song Haunt
~ ~
<;»
c. ADHIK ; D
A svrnbol to double the sound.
When a consonant IS to be repeated (stresscd r . a semicircle looking up (new moon like) is
placed on top of that letter.
'..I V
f Z c x rdda })fc3T Jugg R O T Tikka
v v v
Cffi" ~ Tull ~
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In Panjabi, sometimes ADHIK changes the meaning of the word. For example:
v
~ a generation ~ Total. ~JIv
8S~1 blowing out of candle or fire 8S~1 To know
v
}5 Dirt }5 A wrestlerv
~ To hide ~ Coal tarv
~ Oil-cake ~ H,de, skin
D. BOTTOM-DOTTED LETTERS
The five BOTTOM-DOTTED Letters were added to write the Persian and Arabic words.
These sounds were not used in the Panjabi language, hence no Gurmukhi letters existed
for them. These new sounds for writing Persian words were adopted sometime during the17th century after the compilation of Guru Granth Sahib by Guru Ar jun Dev J i in 1604 .
These letters arc not there in the Guru Granth Sahib. Thev have been, however, used
lavishly by Guru Gobind Singh Ji in his composition which were mostly written after
16XO.
The language experts have suggested that the words of Persian and Arabic origin. for
example, Khalsa. Fateh. Khuda and Ghularn. which by common usage have become a
part of Panjabi vocabulary be accepted as Panjabi words. Accordingly. in some cases,
such words may be found written without a dot at the bottom.
SH F . f~
Shore EO'-n
Short B C J e'-n
Shop Rlf
KH 1 ; 1 "
Sheik f f i fKhan l;fTO
Push l . . f F . f
Bush EB"
Cash fu r
Rash ~
So
¥l { 8 "
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GH
Z R Zoo BR8 f i fd lBd lero Zizzau......_
Zeal & Zink f f r c x
t: i lSd Iebra
F W Sd~~ald ~dfiakir
~ F < ; ; ; O ( dirm
E. USE OF CONSONANTS AT THE FOOT OF THE LETTERS.
In Panjabi, some consonants arc used at the foot of other consonants.
Here arc some examples:
1 . Usc of 'd "
In words where a consonant is put at the bottom of the letter. it shortens the sound of that
letter. Any vowel assigned to the letter goes with the bottom consonant.
tf has a short sound. the stress is given on 'd "
» r H f u 3 .
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2.UseofU:
I t is used when half sound of "H" is to be pronounced in conjunction with a consonant.
tf3' (~+ U at the foot) are to be pronounced together as one compoundI. J
consonant. The word should be read without separating U.
astirs not
is not
is not
3. ~ & 1 J f are also used at the bottom. Their use is very rare.
CHART OF VOWELS
? 1 c J T T - }fl3 d i
Mukta
88 d l t = Panna l . . f l l . . fT
" a "papa Baba Raja
Sihari ~ ~ ~
" . , 'Hill Rill Pill
Bihari ~ ~ tim"ee " Heel Reel Peel
Aunkar ~ t.rZ tm
"u" Full Put Pull
Do-Aunkar~ ~ ~
"00" Hoof Roof Pool
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Lanv ~ ~ iffi"ai" Hail Rail Pail
Do-Lanv ~ ~ n c x"a" Hack Rack Pack
" ' " " ' " " ' "Hora Utf ~ cnf"Q" Hope Rope Cope
'-n '-n '-n
Kanoura UZ OC trC"0" Hot Rot Pot
(") (") (")
Tippi u c r r ~ R O T"ng" Hung Rung Sung
v v v
Adhik acr ~ })fl::f
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LESSON VIII
WORDS WITH MULTI-VOWELS
You arc now ready to pick up any Panjabi reader and start reading. For reading wordswith multiple letters and multiple vowels. the following material will help you.
1 . ~~ & R d A c i l ~
B ffij Ed69 ~
i~ " f f i J mft ~
jf~
j:ffit~
i f ~ iW ~
' : : r~ ~ e A i3di_
i f SH " f f R t ~
2 F f T FrB" Frat ~
-11' 5Qf 5 T t f t ~,
} r }-fTP) }i'Ma ~
t"IlM~l= r ~ t4IM~
~ ~IM~lr r ~
f < J l » f T ~ famro1 ~
3 " " '~.
~ ~ ~ 1 J O H
c J ¥ ¥ ~t431 ~ t " I 8~.
~ ~ ~ ~
3'),~
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4. . . . , . . . . , . . . . ,
~ ~8 " ~ ~. . . . , . . . . , . . . . ,
i : r f f i ~. . 1 " l..ffi trW. . . . , . . . . , . . . . ,
a T a l a T a l > Wr ~ < m fT
'-0 '-0
~ ~ ~x CET'-0 '-0
~ @ ~3 " tf3T'-0 '-0
tSt is lSPW. . 1 " tST
5 ~ ~ ~
fur)r (JM~1 r(JM~l
~ r t : tMO(~1 F t : t M O ( c : l
~ r 3MO(~1 r 3MO(~1
ftffi ~ f u t i O ( e : 9
6 t i h = r t f u : r " t f u : f t t f t H ~
Bta tftor B 1 ? f t t I T 5 ~
n T c x < f t a " r c f t a t ? > 9 a ~
(") (")
frit @ ~~ C f f i T(") (")
c 5 i t & 5mcr 0cP(") (")
~ ~ ~~
§Si~1 ~ ~ ~
» f T ~ »flit ~ ~
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8v v
R a R a 1 i t c W f te x HaTv v
t ' f f i : B o n ~rcX ~v v
F f f i H t f t ~t3 " i t tJT
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Panjabi Numbers
W One 34 B ' 3 t Thirty-four 67 H3uc Sixty-seven
I '" '35 ~ Thirty-five 68~ Two lifOTUO Sixty-eight
3 80' Three 36 ~ Thirty-six 69 ~ Sixty-nine- <J
4 B'cf Four 37 F r 3 t Thirty-seven 70 ~ Seventyn
Five 38 ~ Thirty-eighttrR
6<
Six 39 'l'3IM l Thirty-nine 71 f<!&3d Seventy-one
7 Fs Seven 40 ~ Fortv 72 ~ Seventy-two
8 n r c Eight 73 f383d Seventy-three
9- er ,
Nine 41 fEcx3 M l Fortv-one 74'"' v
Seventy-four~
10~ Ten 42 fa3ff i Fortv- twon
Seventy-five5 t.ft13Q
43 f3d3 M l F o rtv - t hre e 76 fii:83d Seventy-six
11~Eleven 44 B - O T I D Fortv-four 77 t = r 3 3 Q Seventy-seven
12 C f T d ' t Twelve 45 i8rm Fortv-five 78 » r c 5 3 " a " Seventy-eight
133Gl Thirteen 46 ~ Fortv-six 79 €mRt Seventy-nine- u
14 B t ! t Fourteen 47 Fr3rff i Forty-seven 80 » n = f t Eighty
15 i R l J f Fifteen 48 ~ Forty-eight
16 F r w r Sixteen 49 €n5r Fortv-ninc 81 fecN:il Eighty-one<J
17 J13lQT Seventeen 50n
Fifty 82 ~ Eighty-twoft11"(J<J
18 hfOTCji Eighteen 83 3 " d ' m Eighty-threeu
19~ Nineteen 51 f<!q~;-jI Fifty-one 84 ~ Eighty-four
20&Twenty 52n
Fifty-two l f f i T l " " I T Eighty-five85
53n
Fifty-three 86 ~ Eighty-sixd~tP
21 f~:ft Twenty-one 54n
F ifty - fo ur H " 3 ' J " " f t Eighty-seven:ld~tP 87
22 " W 2 t Twenty-twon
Fiftv-Iive 88 ~ Eighty-eight5 ~
23 - m Twenty-three 56"" n
Fifty-six 89 ~ Eighty-nine.
24 ~t Twenty-four 57n
Fifty-seven 90 1 > ? Ninety3~til
25 trtft Twenty-five 58n
Fifty-eight
26 ~ Twenty-six 59 'l~luc F ifty · n in e 91 f . v "" Ninety-onecx(,)~
27 H3~ Twenty-seven 60 Ro Sixty 92 ~ Ninety-two
28 Y;fc~ Twenty-eight 93 ~ Ninety-three
29 ~st Twcntv-nine 61 r e - q r u o Sixty one 94'-nv
" " ' Ninety-four
303hJ Thirty
62 WcJOSixty-two
95~ Ninety-five
63 3uo Sixty-three 96 ~ Ninety-six
31 fi;&3t Thirty-one 64'-n
Sixty-four 97 t = r 3 o ? . Ninety-seven:lUO
32 - a - 3 t Thirty-two 65 '" Sixty -Ii\'C 98 ~ Ninety-eight«R5
33 3 " : : - T I Thirty -th rc e 66 ~ Sixty-six 99 (')f3(,)~ Ninety-nine
lOOH O ne H undred
3 = ,
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VOCABU :LARY
BODY PARTS
Head
Forehead
Eye
Eyebrow
Eyelashes
Eyeball
NoseTeeth
Lips
Tongue
Ear
~Q~2, ~
l.ffiat
»n:ftT~?)a
~
W >1 1 B , RET?)
Neck
Shoulder
Chest
Arms
Elbow
Wrist
Hand
"qo
dlQt(') (~)~}-ffiT
5 T 3 1
wut
~
q J Z
" 5 c T
A
Thumb
Finger
Small Finger
Palm
Nails
Back
WaistKnee
Call'
Leg
Ankle
Foot
Heel
Sole
Hair
Beare!
Moustaches
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•j · d IMl
B f f i 1
3ffi~,~
ftro
~,~~alW
f lh:1it
i 'G r
f i l l e r
lh r> f u n
th J
~ , f u : r , f u - r
~
f r 5 t , Jj I i : f ( j 8
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LIFE & RELATIONS
Birth Dt' F e R , NOH
Childhood "8tRf7)
Oldman W
Oldwoman - a - mS enior P erson 8 t jdd l
S ick /ill ~
Healthy willTired i f f imfr
Happy ljH
Sad ~
""Death H3"
Cremation HHO('d
Family
father
\1othcr
Sister
f u 3 r , E T lJ , ~}fT"3T, ) - f T , W
~
B
Ancestors
Engagement
Wedding
Marriage
Class-fellow
Couple
Relationship
Friend
Gues t
Enemy
Fight
W ar
Brother
Son
Daughter
(ii) RELATIONS THROUGH FAMILY l\IEl\lBERS
FATHER"S
Father
Mother
S is t cr
O lder B roth er
Y ounger B rother t : J ' TBT
MOTHER'S
father
Mother
Sister
Brother
'" " ~t=S'T, t1~ I
F a R 3 1
f i . B " a " , ~,;w;ft
~
~
~,M318
# e r r , M318
~,~,&
~,~,~
m,~,-a-tt
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BROTHER'S
Wife
Son
Daughter
! 3 d t = J i E ' l
! 3 3 1 t = J i
! 3 3 1 H 1
SISTER'S
Husband
Son
Daughter
(iii) REALTION THROUGH IN-LAWS
WIFE'S HUSBANDS'SMother H H Mother H HFather ~ Father ~Sister F f T " f f i Sister ~
""-Brother J1'"W Older Brother t"lO
Younger Brother fuW
Daughter-in-law's
Father ~ Mother ~
Son-in-law's
Father ~ Mother ~
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Cn
CALENDER O(M~d
Days fuo,~
~3~'a . . . , "Sunday Monday ~ Tuesday )-fdIM~'av
cila~'a -ednesday §(l~'a Thursday Friday J j O ( a ~ ' a
Saturday H o l t : !a~ Ia
Hour
Minute m eSecond H f & 2Week UG3'1"
Month ~
Months ~
January t"l(')~ d l February Ga~d l March } - { T d " t : l "
April » > l 1 ? 1 > May H E t June t1?)
tlM'8-"
July August })fO']"JB Semptember H 3 a ao "October } ) fO(~aa November (')~aa December t H a a
Sunrise
Dawn
Morning
Before Noon
Noon
Afternoon
Evening
Midnight
Sunset
lJatl~~~
~
~~lffiJw
~
~11&F . f T H , ~
» fd t ~
lJatltT§l.fT
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D
HOU S E U K f
House u r a , }-fcXlO Room ~Veranda a a iE 3 1 Kitchen fuBo, d1W
. . . ,~~~edroom HC~~ Dining room
Living Room f u s a , ~ Roof ~
~~CV fa1 "
Floor Gilll Rug dlMlt3 1
"ffiE". . . .
Wood Iron rxr
Metal U T 3 " F r i d o - e ~to
Washing machine al.S iJc~ Dryer al.S t J O < I ( J C
H F f to ~ J - - f F . f t 0Spoon ill1tfT Serving spoon C & e f t
Glass aTWR Bowl ~,~,mftTelcvsion ZMlcilti( ') . ; g a t a H ( ' ) Door ta~It11 '8(JT~ =Window fcscit
'<
(Jate O T Z , ~
ta~It'l1
Fireplace » r c m o l Flower pot a n - r w"
Flower vase < g Mt 1(') Inside »ftTQ
Outside ~ City ~
Grass ~ I,oek F A t a l
Key wm.~ Street o r mBlock ~ Village f t & , O R J TPets ~ t'll(')~a Dog ~
Cat ~ Hamster ~~
Bird {hit
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E
FOOD ~~t fu : r t ,. . ,
§ 3 t " i 0
Flour l ? f T C T Onions ~,~
Bread ~~ Radish ~
Chapati ~ Red Chillies wr') f t- R r t r" "
Rice ~,~ Lentil ~
Vegetable ~ , " R 1 I t . f t Pickle ~
Potato ~ Peanut BdlGMl
Cauliflower o T i t Salt ? 5 l- - f a " , ~
Cabbage irt o T i t Black pepper ~ f t - R r t r
Carrot ~ Sugar ~ , t f t ? f t
Okra Bit Milk ~U
Pea ~ Yogurt ttiT" " ' ~iucrgourd aGW Buttermilk
Spinach l . . fT"r)cX Butter H C f C
Purnpkin ~&~ Fruit ~
Gourd u r e l > w Apple f i W , H " a "
Turnip ~ Pear ~
~,~'<
Beans Banana C X W
G f f i » > to
Pods Mango » ra. . . . , . . . . _ n
Gram ~ Orange ~,~. . . . , . . . . _
Garlic ~ Grapefruit t30(3Cjo
mfBringer ~,B~ Papaya
Tea ~
Biscuit raH~c. . . . _
Cake C X O ( "
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F
SCHOOL H~M
School ~,~ Principal ~
Pen lf6 Pencil ~
Class ~ , f f i - f T 3 ' " Student ~
Teacher ~ Late ~,~
Period ~ , U r c r Football ~~
Volleyball ~ 'Mla 'M Hockey ural
~,~::..
Wrestling Swimming ~
Book F6(3 Ia, l J R 3 ' C X
Health fffiB Healthv ~3"HtSick ~ Tired B f o r > w f rWw
f i : : K J tGt<
Headache Stomach ache lfZ tGt
Pain tGt Run ~,~::..
Walk ~,~ Sit a6(~1" "Stand CS'?)T Sleep R C ' " r
<. )
<
~~ying down ~ Talk
Discuss c i l t 3 ld ~ Argue E f u R acJOT
Fight M~ '~ l Quarrel ~
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GWeather
. . . .Hm-f
~ 81 fdH ~eavy rain Windstorm
Flood ~ Space })fCXTR<J
',"
~un glI, l J d t 1 Cloud
Drizzle ~ Rain a I fdR, ?"ijl::fT,
Hhr
Earthquake ~
Lunar Eclipse Bt~ Solar Eclipse lJ011~mEft "Earth Moon Bt
North ~ East ~South ~ West it;H
Snow " 8GG Water wit
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Notes