part 6: judaism slide 1 session 5: major developments ... … · world war (1939-1945) at the time...
TRANSCRIPT
Slide 1
World Religions
Part 6: Judaism
Session 5: Major Developments From World War 1 to the Present
Dirk’s Contact Info
Phone: 603.431.3646 (Bethany Church’s main number) Email: [email protected] Facebook Page: Pastor Dirk Rodgers
Twitter: @dirk_at_bethany Tumblr: www.tumblr.com/blog/dirkscorner
Dirk’s Web Site: www.dirkscorner.com Bethany Church Web Site: www.bethanychurch.com
Slide 2
This Session
1. World War 12. Holocaust3. Restoration of Israel
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Slide 3
1. WORLD WAR 1
Part 6.5: Major Developments From World War I Until Present
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Slide 4
World War 1: Impact on Judaism
Russian Czar accuses Jews of collaborating with the Germans; ~600,000 banished from their homes
~500,000 Jewish people still fought in Russian army; ~100,000 served in the German Army; with heavy casualties
Jews on both sides still maliciously accused of a lack of participation and patriotism
Jews expelled from Pinsk (now in Belarus) by the Germans with their belongings loaded onto carts, on the outskirts of the city, 1917.
Image Source: http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/World_War_I
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Slide 5
World War 1: Impact on Judaism
Harsh treatment in Russia compelled some Jewish leaders to side with Germany; Hermann Cohen writes “Germanness and Jewishness“[“Deutschtum und Judentum”](1915)
Boshevik revolution in Russia, 1917, and their withdrawl from the conflict further complicated loyalties amid worsening conditions
Image Source: By Unknown -http://leobaeck.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/1/93/F1.large.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=46294843
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Slide 6
World War 1: Impact on Judaism As German and Austrian
policies hardened in occupied territories, Jewish loyalties began to switch to the allies.
The shift encouraged by the Balfour Declaration, 1917
Image Source: By Unknown -http://www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk/image/?id=UGSP00435, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15849154
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Slide 7
World War 1: Impact on Judaism League of Nations
establishes British Mandate, 1922
Image Source: http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/World_War_I
Gives Zionists hope, but …
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Slide 8
2. HOLOCAUST
Part 6.5: Major Developments From World War I Until Present
Note: The outline for this section is loosely based on Dr. Henry Abramson, The Holocaust (Essential Lectures in Jewish History, available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBfZeRwiQwE (accessed 4/25/2016)
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Slide 9
Definitions“Holocaust”:
Origin: Middle English: from Old French holocauste, via late Latin from Greek holokauston, from holos 'whole' + kaustos 'burnt' (from kaiein 'burn')
1 Destruction or slaughter on a mass scale, especially caused by fire or nuclear war: a nuclear holocaust
1.1 (the Holocaust) The mass murder of Jews under the German Nazi regime during the period 1941-5. More than 6 million European Jews, as well as members of other persecuted groups, were murdered at concentration camps such as Auschwitz.
2 historical A Jewish sacrificial offering which was burnt completely on an altar.
Source: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/holocaust
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Slide 10
DefinitionsThe “Shoah”:
Origin: Hebrew: , HaShoah Meaning "the catastrophe"
Jewish mass grave near Zolochiv, west
Ukraine (Nazi occupied USSR). Photo was found
by Soviets at former Gestapo headquarters in
Zolochiv.Image Source and description: By Unknown Gestapo photographer - Declassified Soviet State Archives. This photo was presented during the Nurnberg Process Trial and is part of the Collection of Nurnberg Process Trial. Available online at -http://nurnbergprozes.narod.ru/011/7.htmDirect link to file: http://nurnbergprozes.narod.ru/011/79.jpgOriginal caption reads:Трупысоветских людей после одного из массовых расстрелов близ г. Золочева, сфотографированные гитлеровцами перед закапыванием(Немецкий снимок Обнаружен в гестапо г. Золочева в июле 1944 года) (Из документов Чрезвычайной Государственной Комиссии.), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28808894
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Slide 11
Definitions“Final Solution of the Jewish question”
(Die Endlösung der Judenfrage)
Image Source and Description: Reinhard Heydrich - Probably near to http://www.ghwk.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf-wannsee/dokumente/begleitschreiben-heydrich-1942.pdf (See http://www.ghwk.de/wannsee-konferenz/dokumente-zur-wannsee-konferenz.html ).For a more natural photo colouration of original document see: http://www.ghwk.de/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf-
wannsee/dokumente/luther_einladung_dezember1941_barrierefrei.pdf, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1581885
In a February 26, 1942 letter, ReinhardHeydrich follows up on the Wannsee
Conference by asking for administrative assistance in the implementation of the
"Endlösung der Judenfrage" (Final Solution of the Jewish Question).
Nazi policy of deliberate and systematic genocide
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Slide 12
KristallnachtNovember 9-10, 1938
Image Source: Hitler's War Against the Jews (1975) by Lucy Dawidowicz, p. 61., Fair use, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5809552
Photograph of the smashed interior of the Berlin
synagogue
Paramilitary & civilian pogrom against Jews in Germany, Austria, Poland, Russia
Pretext: German diplomat Ernst vom Rath killed by Herschel Grynszpan, a German-born Polish Jew living in Paris
Hundreds of Jews died in the event or as a result of it.
~30,000 arrested and sent to concentration camps
~1000 synagogues and ~7000 businesses damaged or destroyed
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Slide 13
EinsatzgruppenParamilitary death squads of Nazi Germany
Image Source & Description: By Unknown (Sometimes mistakenly attributed to Jerzy Tomaszewski who discovered it.) - Original publication: Zwiazek Bojowników o Wolnosc i Demokracje / League of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy / Union des Combattants pour la Liberté et la Démiocratie / Verband der Kämpfer für Freiheit und Demokratie (1959) 1939-1945. We have not forgotten / Nous n'avons pas oublié / Wir haben es nicht vergessen., Warsaw: Polonia, pp. 267 no ISBN (multilingual book)[3][2]Latest digital copy from www.levandehistoria.se, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3580125
Executions of Jews by German army mobile killing units (Einsatzgruppen) near IvangorodUkraine. The photo was mailed from the Eastern Front to Germany and intercepted at a Warsaw post office by a member of the Polish resistance collecting documentation on Nazi war crimes. The original print now resides in Historical Archives in Warsaw.
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Slide 14
Einsatzgruppen
Image Source and description: By unknown / неизвестно - here / здесь, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18689664
Men forced to dig their own
graves by Einsatzgruppe
troops, Šiauliai, July
1941.
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Slide 15
Concentration & Extermination Camps
Image Source and description : By unknown / неизвестно - here / здесь, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18689664
Map of the Holocaust in Poland during the Second World War (1939-1945) at the time of German occupation of Poland. This map shows all German Nazi extermination camps (or death camps), prominent concentration, labor and prison camps, major prewar Polish cities with ghettos set up by Nazi Germany, major deportation routes and major massacre sites.
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Slide 16
Concentration & Extermination Camps
Approx. number of people killed at each extermination camp
Auschwitz II 1,000,000
Belzec 600,000
Chelmno 320,000
Jasenovac 58–97,000
Majdanek 360,000
Maly Trostinets 65,000
Sobibór 250,000
Treblinka 870,000Adapted from table at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust
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Slide 17
Concentration & Extermination Camps
Image Source and description : By 60. Sqad. SAAF, Sortie No. 60/PR694 -http://narademo.umiacs.umd.edu/cgi-bin/isadg/viewobject.pl?object=120738 [dead link], Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4322763
Photo of the German extermination camp at Birkenau, taken by a United States Army Air Force plane, August 25, 1944 Poland. Crematoria II and III are visible.
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Slide 18
Concentration & Extermination Camps
Image Source and description : By Unknown - USHMM website (www.ushmm.gov), Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=103040
Jewish children during deportation to the Chełmno
extermination camp
Image Source and description : By Unknown. Several sources believe the photographer to have been Ernst Hoffmann or Bernhard Walter of the SS - YadVashem. The album was donated to Yad Vashem by Lili Jacob, a survivor, who found it in the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp in 1945., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=13408705
Carpathian Ruthenian Jews arrive at Auschwitz–Birkenau, May 1944. Without
being registered to the camp system, most were killed in gas chambers hours after
arriving.
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Slide 19
Never Forget
Image Source: http://www.nehm.org/photo-gallery/
The New England Holocaust Memorial, Boston, MA
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Slide 20
3. RESTORATION OF ISRAEL
Part 6.5: Major Developments From World War I Until Present
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Slide 21
Immigration Issues
Jewish demonstration against White Paper in Jerusalem, 1939
Image Source: Matson Photo Service, photographer - This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's
Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID matpc.19611.This tag does not indicate the copyright status of
the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23902436
British “White Paper of 1939”
Response to Arab revolt & demand for independence, 1936 – 1939
Called for Jewish home within Palestinian state w/in 10 years (rejecting a Jewish State and Partitioning options)
Limited Jewish immigration to 75,000 within 5 years
Further immigration policy to be determined by Arab Minority
Restriction of Jewish land purchases
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Slide 22
Immigration Issues
SS Exodus arriving at Haifa port, July 20, 1947
Image Source: self-scanned from collection of uploader, JGHowes - British Admiralty photo, reprinted in Steam Packets
on the Chesapeake by Alexander Crosby Brown (1961), Cambridge, MD: Cornell Maritime Press (LCCN 61-012580),
Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3961797
Aliyah Bet/Ha'apala Zionist movement to exceed limits
imposed by the White Paper of 1939 (i.e., part B, after part A -Aliyah Aleph)
First phase, to help Jews escape Nazi Germany
Second phase, to help concentration camp survivors and other “Displaced Persons” find homes
British internment camps set up for captured “illegal” immigrants
110,000 est. immigrations
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Slide 23
Immigration Issues
Memorial plaque at the house on Planty 7 in Kielce, Poland
Image SourceHalibutt, Ely1 (The new version) - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1561358
Kielce pogrom, 1946
Public outbreak of violence based on unfounded allegation of child kidnapping against someone living in a Jewish home.
~40 people killed in the violence Created a large wave of Jewish
emigration to Palestine from Poland, ~120,000
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Slide 24
United Nations Partition Plan, 1947
Image Source: U.S. Central Intelligence Agency - Crop and edit of http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/israel_hist_1973.jpg, Scan from “Issues in the
Middle East”, Atlas, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 1973., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=44308
Plan to divide the British Mandate into two states, while the city of Jerusalem would have an “international” government
Passed the UN, supported by Jewish membership, rejected by Arab leadership
Passed the UN General Assembly but was never acted upon.
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Slide 25
A New State of Israel, 1948
Image Source: Rudi Weissenstein - Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33261039
Arab Higher Committee launches strike in response to the UN Partition Plan; violence begins
British Mandate expires, May, 14, 1948
Jewish Peoples Council immediately proclaimed the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel
US and USSR immediately recognize the new state
Arab League refuses to accept the new state
First Arab – Israeli War begins
David Ben-Gurion proclaiming the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948
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Slide 26
The Green Line, 1949
Image Source: Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w
/index.php?curid=36917354
Israel negotiates armistice with Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria.
Britain recognizes the new state and releases refugees interred at Cyprus
Israel admitted to UN in May, 1949 In December 1949, the UN establishes
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) to provide aid to the Palestinian refugees
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Slide 27
Two Important Leaders
Image Source: Fritz Cohen, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16470597
David Ben-Gurion1886-1973
First Prime Minister of Israel
Golda Meir1898-1978
Fourth Prime Minister of IsraelImage Source: Marion S. Trikosko, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1820659
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Slide 28
Sinai Campaign, 1956
Image Source: Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w
/index.php?curid=36917354
Response to ongoing violence and trade disruptions, especially around the Gulf of Suez.
Israel claims violation of armistice agreement with Egypt, invades the Saini and the Gaza Strip
Israel supported militarily by Britain and France
Cease-fire declared by December; Israel withdraws from the territory gained.
Straits of Tiran re-opened to Israeli shipping
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Slide 29
Six-Day War, 1967
Image Source: User:Ling.Nutderivative work: Rafy -Six_Day_War_Terrritories.png, CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16891593
June 5-10, 1967 Response to Egyptian forces deploying
troops into the Sinai, along Israeli border
Israel launches preemptive strikes into Sinai.
Nassar pulls Jordon and Syria into the war, and Israel responds by seizing the West Bank and Golan Heights
Israel Expands territory into Sinai, Gaza, West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and Golan Heights
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Slide 30
Yom Kippur War, 1973
Image Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ciagov/8413628531/in/set-
72157632588891070, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10289085
Response to Egyptian attacks in the Suez Canal, and Jordon’s attack on the Golan Heights
Israel successfully repels the attacks
Negotiates shared occupation of the Suez Canal region
Egyptian military trucks cross a bridge laid over the Suez Canal on October 7, 1973, during the Yom Kippur War/October War
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Slide 31
Camp David Accords, 1978
Image Source: Fitz-Patrick, Bill, photographer - Jimmy Carter Library: Carter White House Photographs Collection, 01/20/1977 -
01/22/1981; Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=75531
A Framework for Peace in the Middle East
A Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel
Begin and Sadat share 1978 Nobel Peace Prize
Israel returns Sinai to Egypt in exchange for access to Suez Canal
Celebrating the signing of the Camp David Accords: Menachem Begin, Jimmy Carter, Anwar El Sadat
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Slide 32
PLO Declares State of Palestine, 1988
Image Source: Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5698012.
Declared Nov 15, 1988 PLO claims to be government in
exile Recognized by >195 countries in
the world, not including US Requested UN recognition in
2011, but blocked by US; but did receive non-member observer state status
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Slide 33
Oslo Accords, 1993, 1995
Image Source: http://matzav.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/oslo-accords.jpg
Two Agreements signed: in Washington DC (1993) and Taba, Egypt (1995) between Israel and the PLO
Began with Olsonegotiations: PLO recognizes State of Israel and Israel recognizes PLO as representative of the Palestinian people
Established the Palestinian Authority, given limited self-government over certain areas within Israel
Menachem Begin, Bill Clinton and Yasser Arafat at the Oslo I Accord in Washington DC
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Slide 34
Lebanon War, 2006
Image Source: Masser -http://www.flickr.com/photos/masser/198909816/, CC BY-SA 2.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1071277
Precipitated by Hezbollah attack from Lebanon on the Northern Borders of Israel; taking of two Israel soldiers captive
Hezbollah heavily supported by Iran
Cease fire negotiated by UN
Israel agrees to withdraw from Security Zone in Lebanon
UN Peacekeepers deployed
Israel bombs the suspected residence of a Hezbollah leader
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Slide 35
Operation “Cast Lead”, 2008 - 2009
Image Source By Gringer (talk) 14:01, 8 January 2009 (UTC) - SVG version of File:Gaza_Strip_map.png, created using Inkscape v. 0.46. with help from GIMP 2.4.7.:For Country Borders: UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Gaza-Strip Overview MapFor roads, text, and
population areas, I traced/typed from File:Gaza_Strip_map.pngMinimap made using Israel location map.svg by User:NordNordWestColours in the main map were changed to those in w:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Maps#Map_colors, CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5670402
Also known as the Gaza War; Dec 2008-Jan 2009 (3 weeks and a day) between Israel and Hamas controlled Gaza
Israel strikes in response to rocket file and allegations of weapons smuggling
Controversial accusations of targeting civilians against both sides
Hostilities renewed in November 2012 in Operations Pillar of Defense in 2012
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Slide 36
Iron Dome Deployed, 2011
Image Source By Israel Defense Forces and Nehemiya Gershoni see also https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Flickr-IDF-IronDome-in-action001.jpg ) -
http://www.flickr.com/photos/idfonline/8194572552/, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=34360609
A missile from the Israeli Iron Dome, launched during the Operation Pillar of Defense to intercept a missile coming from the Gaza strip.
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Slide 37
Ongoing Terrorist Activities
“Hamas brags of one
stabbing every two days”
First Published: 5/1/2016, 7:04 PM
Image and News Story Source: http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/211594#.Vyeee75RK3N
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