Parts/lobes of the brainParts/lobes of the brainBullet 1

MT: Nervous system

1

4 Lobes of the Brain4 Lobes of the Brain

Frontal

Parietal

Temporal

Occipital

Insula (hidden & controversial)

Frontal LobeFrontal LobeFxns: reasoning, planning, problem solving, logics, thinking

Biggest area of brain

Stops developing ~25 years old

Parietal LobeParietal Lobe

Fxns: recognizing stimuli, orientation, and recognition

Temporal LobeTemporal Lobe

Fxns: memory, speech, and auditory stimuli

Occipital LobeOccipital Lobe

Fxns: visual processing

Important Lines of BrainImportant Lines of Brain

Central Sulcus: separates frontal and parietal lobes

Important Lines of BrainImportant Lines of Brain

Lateral fissure: separates temporal and frontal lobes

Important Lines of BrainImportant Lines of Brain

• Longitudinal fissure: separates brain medially

INSIDE OF BrainINSIDE OF Brain

Parts of the BrainParts of the Brain Brainstem (old reptilian brain) =

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Limbic System (old mammalian brain) = thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus

Corpus Callosum

Brainstem: Midbrain, Brainstem: Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Pons, Medulla

OblongataOblongata

Brainstem:Brainstem: Midbrain:

• -superior end of brainstem

• -Fxn: eye mvmts, reflexes in pupil

Pons:

• -inbetween midbrain and medulla

• -Fxn: regulates respiration (breathing)

Medulla Oblongata:

• -inferior end of brainstem; leads into spinal cord

• -Fxn: heart rate, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccupping, swallowing

Parts of the BrainParts of the Brain

Brainstem (old reptilian brain) = midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Limbic System (old mammalian brain) = thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus

Corpus Callosum

Limbic SystemLimbic System Thalamus:

• -Fxn: relay center; most sensory neurons go here and then they are sent to correct place

Hypothalamus:

• -Fxn: controls sleep/wake cycles, homeostasis, thirst, appetite

Hippocampus:

• -Fxn: memory and learning

Amygdala:

• -Fxn: memory of emotional situations especially fear

Limbic SystemLimbic System

Parts of the BrainParts of the Brain

Brainstem (old reptilian brain) = midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

Limbic System (old mammalian brain) = thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus

Corpus Callosum

Corpus CallosumCorpus Callosum

Corpus Callosum:

• -Fxn: neurons cross to other side of brain

Ex: left eye sends signal through left hemisphere, through the corpus callosum, to the right hemisphere, to the occipital lobe

Corpus CallosumCorpus Callosum

Cranial Nerves 1-6

Cranial Nerve # Function

CN I: Olfactory Sense of smell

CN II: Optic Vision

CN III: Oculomotor Eye mvtmts, pupil regulation

CN IV: Trochlear Eye movements

CN V: Trigeminal Sense head and face, chewing

CN VI: Abducent Abduction of eye

Cranial Nerves 7-12Cranial Nerve # Function

CN VII: FacialFacial expressions, saliva,

tears, taste

CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear Sense of balance, hearing

CN IX: GlossopharyngealSense of tongue, swallowing, saliva, blood pressure control

CN X: VagusMovements of organs, slows heart, increases digestion,

voice production

CN XI: AccessoryMovements of shoulders,

head, and viscera (organs)

CN XII: Hypoglossal Tongue movements

Facial (VII)