passive samplers for pfas in surface water and air · passive samplers • passive samplers measure...
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Passive Samplers for PFAS in Surface Water and Air
Rainer Lohmann,University of Rhode Island
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Passive samplers• Passive samplers measure activity of pollutants, e.g.
the dissolved/gas phase
• uptake by diffusion
• advantage – no operational separation of particulate and dissolved phase
• need to know Kpassive-water (T, sal) or Rs, sampling rate
• Cdiss = Cpassive /[Rs x t] (linear uptake)
• Cdiss = Cpassive / Kpassive-w (equilibrium sampler)
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Atmosphere
Water
Contaminated Sediments
(Cfree)
TYPES OF PASSIVE SAMPLERS ANDHOW THEY WORK
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Where can we use passives?
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Why passives might be useful• Time-integrated concentrations• Pre-concentrations already in field• Less handling in laboratory• Proxy for bioaccumulation
(Cerveny et al., 2016)
(Dreyer et al., 2010)
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Something in the air..… and in your blood
(Makey et al. 2017)
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Testing of Polyethylene Sheets as Passive Samplers for Volatile PFAS in Indoor Air
Maya Morales-McDevitt et al.
02000400060008000
1000012000140001600018000
1 2 4 8 15 21
pg/g
(PE)
Days
6:2 FTOH
50 um25 um
(Dixon-Anderson and Lohmann, 2018)
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PE-tube sampler for PFASs in GW
b)a)
(Kaserzon et al., 2019)
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Time series WWTP study, June 2018
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
efflu
ent c
once
ntra
tion(
ng/L
)
Fields Point WWTP effluent
PFBA PFBS PFPeS PFOA 6:2-FTS PFHpS PFOS PFNS0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2 4 8 16 29
Pass
ive
sam
pler
coc
n (n
g/sa
mpl
er)
time (days)
PS in Fields Pt WWTP Effluent PFBAPFPeA
PFBS
PFHxA
4:2-FTS
PFPeS
PFHpA
PFHxS
PFOA
6:2-FTS
PFHpS
PFNA
Sum 25 PFAS
9Christine Gardiner et al.
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Lab Validation of PFAS Passive Sampler
Uptake as function of• water flow
velocities • temperatures • Biofouling
conditions • Salinity • DIC
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Potential PFAS Contamination sites in Guam(Barry Kim et al)
• High occurrence of PFASs.
• Testing soil and water for PFASs
• Wet vs dry season
• Identify sources
3
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Fiber Passive Sampler for PFAS Detection at AFFF
Impacted Sites?
SPME fiber coated with polyacrylate (24 hours for equilibrium)
R² = 0.9971
R² = 0.99
R² = 0.9826
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
log
KP
A_
W
carbon chain lengh
PFAAs PFSAs FTSs
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
log
KP
A_
W
pH
PFOA
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(Becanova and Lohmann, in prep)
✓ FIBER to predict physical-chemical properties of PFAS?
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Birds reflect…• open ocean• urbanized estuary • an estuary downstream
of a fluoroproductproduction center
Anna Robuck et al.
Imag
e cr
edit:
Ann
a R
obuc
k, U
RI-G
SO
Great Shearwaters
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Next steps•Passive samplers as useful tools for PFAS activity and transfer• For air, passive air samplers are operational• Gas-phase sampling to be developed• Several options for dissolved PFASs• Porewater samplers to be developed• Proxies for bioaccumulation?
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STEEP is funded under award number P42ES027706. More information about STEEP is available at: www.uri.edu/steep/
Thanks to- NIEHS, of course- RI C-AIM for HPLC-MS/MS; - RI STAC and SERDP for passive sampling tube work- Partners/collaborators, grad students
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Questions?