Past probability modals

Emma Bryce, Lyn Blanco, and Annie Sand

Review

How was your weekend?

Did you not do something that you were meant to do?

Clean, study, read, draw…

Advice and Obligation vs. Speculation Should have, Had to vs. Could have been

I should have slept, but I watched a movie.

I should have slept, but I had to do homework.

I could have been sleeping, but I made cookies.

Will, Would, Must, Had to, Couldn't Modal + have + past participle

It would have been Mary who brought the brownies.

It must have been John knocking on the door.

Alex had to have been the one who broke the window.

Alex wouldn't have done that.

It won't have been John; he's been sick. It had to have been Mary.

May, Could, Might

Modal + have + past participle

It may have been Mary who brought the brownies.

Mary might not have brought these. She doesn't usually put nuts in hers.

It could have been John, maybe, or Alex might have brought them.

Alex couldn't have brought them; they taste too good. It might have been Jesse.

What happened?