periodic properties of the elements © 2009, prentice-hall, inc. trends in first ionization energies...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Periodic Properties of the Elements © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Trends in First Ionization Energies The second occurs between Groups VA and VIA. –The electron](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PeriodicProperties
of the Elements
© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Trends in First Ionization Energies
• The second occurs between Groups VA and VIA.– The electron removed
comes from doubly occupied orbital.
– Repulsion from the other electron in the orbital aids in its removal.
![Page 2: Periodic Properties of the Elements © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Trends in First Ionization Energies The second occurs between Groups VA and VIA. –The electron](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PeriodicProperties
of the Elements
© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Electron Affinity
Electron affinity is the energy change accompanying the addition of an electron to a gaseous atom:
Cl + e− Cl−
![Page 3: Periodic Properties of the Elements © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Trends in First Ionization Energies The second occurs between Groups VA and VIA. –The electron](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PeriodicProperties
of the Elements
© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Trends in Electron Affinity
In general, electron affinity becomes more exothermic as you go from left to right across a row.
![Page 4: Periodic Properties of the Elements © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Trends in First Ionization Energies The second occurs between Groups VA and VIA. –The electron](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PeriodicProperties
of the Elements
© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Trends in Electron Affinity
There are again, however, two discontinuities in this trend.
![Page 5: Periodic Properties of the Elements © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Trends in First Ionization Energies The second occurs between Groups VA and VIA. –The electron](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
PeriodicProperties
of the Elements
© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Trends in Electron Affinity
• The first occurs between Groups IA and IIA.– The added electron
must go in a p-orbital, not an s-orbital.
– The electron is farther from nucleus and feels repulsion from the s-electrons.
![Page 6: Periodic Properties of the Elements © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Trends in First Ionization Energies The second occurs between Groups VA and VIA. –The electron](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
PeriodicProperties
of the Elements
© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Trends in Electron Affinity
• The second occurs between Groups IVA and VA.– Group VA has no
empty orbitals.– The extra electron
must go into an already occupied orbital, creating repulsion.
![Page 7: Periodic Properties of the Elements © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Trends in First Ionization Energies The second occurs between Groups VA and VIA. –The electron](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
PeriodicProperties
of the Elements
© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Properties of Metal, Nonmetals,and Metalloids
![Page 8: Periodic Properties of the Elements © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Trends in First Ionization Energies The second occurs between Groups VA and VIA. –The electron](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PeriodicProperties
of the Elements
© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Metals versus Nonmetals
Differences between metals and nonmetals tend to revolve around these properties.
![Page 9: Periodic Properties of the Elements © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Trends in First Ionization Energies The second occurs between Groups VA and VIA. –The electron](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PeriodicProperties
of the Elements
© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Metals versus Nonmetals
• Metals tend to form cations.• Nonmetals tend to form anions.
![Page 10: Periodic Properties of the Elements © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Trends in First Ionization Energies The second occurs between Groups VA and VIA. –The electron](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070413/5697bfc51a28abf838ca66a5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
PeriodicProperties
of the Elements
© 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Metals
They tend to be lustrous, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity.