perspectives on combating weapons of mass destruction (wmd) 081023_biodefense_seminar_gmu 1...

Perspectives on CombatingWeapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

081023_BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 1

PRESENTED TO:BioDefense Seminar

George Mason UniversityOctober 23, 2008

UNCLASSIFIED

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED

Overview


• Perspective• Perspective

• Challenges• Challenges

• Context• Context

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Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense

The Way We Were…


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THE THREAT IS REALTHE THREAT IS REAL


THREAT VIDEO

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‘Key Judgments’ on Terrorist Threat to US


“We Assess that Al Qaeda Will Continue to Try to Acquire and Employ Chemical, Biological, Radiological, or

Nuclear Material in Attacks and Would Not Hesitate to Use Them if it Develops What it Deems is Sufficient

Capability.”

- July 2007 National Intelligence Estimate on“The Terrorist Threat to the U.S. Homeland”

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The “Headlines”


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“It’s clear the United States and our allies will continue to be threatened by violent extremists, almost always operating in countries with which

we are not at war. The ambition of these networks to acquire chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons is real, as is their desire to

launch more attacks on our country and on our interests around the world.”

Robert M. Gates – July 2007United States Secretary of Defense

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8081023_BioDefense_Seminar_GMU

National Response – Policy and Guidance

• National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction Articulates a Strategy Built Upon the Three Pillars of Nonproliferation, Counterproliferation, and Consequence Management

• National Security Strategy (NSS) – “Prevent our Enemies From Threatening Us, Our Allies, and Our Friends with Weapons of Mass Destruction

• National Military Strategy to Combat WMD (NMS-CWMD) Amplifies the Strategy in the NSS and Provides a Framework for Combating WMD to DoD Components

• 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review Report Identifies Four Priorities: Defeat Terrorist Networks, Defend the Homeland, Shape Choices of Countries at Strategic Crossroads, and Prevent Acquisition or Use of WMD

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Strategic Military Framework


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Military Mission Areas


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Terminology Matters:What Are We Talking About?

• Nonproliferation: Preventing Actors From Acquiring Non-Conventional Weapons– NPT is Primary Vehicle: 187 Parties to the Treaty

• Counterproliferation: Steps Taken After Proliferation Has Already Occurred– “Actions to defeat the threat or use of weapons of mass

destruction against the United States, U.S. Armed Forces, its allies and partners.” National Military Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction, February 2006.

• Consequence Management: Those measures taken to protect public health and safety, restore essential government services, and provide emergency relief to governments, businesses, and individuals affected by the consequences of a chemical, biological, nuclear, and/or high-yield explosive situation.


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Terminology Matters:What Are We Talking About? (Cont’d)

• Homeland Security– The preparation for, prevention of, deterrence of, preemption of,

defense against, and response to threats and aggressions directed towards US territory, sovereignty, domestic population, and infrastructure; as well as crisis management, consequence management , and other domestic civil support.

• Homeland Defense– The protection of US territory, sovereignty, domestic population,

and critical infrastructure against external threats and aggression.• Civil Support

– Department of Defense support to US civil authorities for domestic emergencies, and for designated law enforcement and other activities.


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Layered Defense Approach


National Strategy

Non-proliferation

CounterproliferationConsequenceManagement

CWC

BWC

Stopped byStopped byThreat Control &Threat Control &Threat ReductionThreat Reduction

Stopped byStopped byThreat Control &Threat Control &Threat ReductionThreat Reduction Stopped byStopped by

DeterrenceDeterrenceStopped byStopped byDeterrenceDeterrence Stopped byStopped by

Counterforce &Counterforce &EliminationElimination

Stopped byStopped byCounterforce &Counterforce &

EliminationEliminationStopped byStopped by

ActiveActiveDefenseDefense

Stopped byStopped byActiveActive

DefenseDefenseStopped byStopped by

PassivePassiveDefenseDefense

Stopped byStopped byPassivePassiveDefenseDefense

ConsequenceConsequenceManagementManagementRestorationRestorationOperationsOperations

ConsequenceConsequenceManagementManagementRestorationRestorationOperationsOperations

Stopped byStopped byInterdictionInterdictionStopped byStopped byInterdictionInterdiction

Adversary’s WMD CapabilityAdversary’s WMD Capability

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12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

1940’s 1950’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000

? ?

?

US, USSR

UK, France

China, Israel

India, South Africa

Pakistan

DPRK

DesertStormDesertStorm

9/119/11

Chem/BioThreat

ProliferationSecurityInitiative

National Strategy to

Combat WMDs 2002/

2006

Defense Counter-

Proliferation Initiation

IATA “Additional Protocol”

Nuclear Non-

Proliferation Treaty

Mutual Assured Destruction

NuclearThreat

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Challenge: Deterrence Theory and the New Strategic Context


How Do We Deter Those Adversaries With Nothing to Protect and For Whom “Risk”

Is Not a Factor?

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New Strategic Context

• New Theory of War Based on Information Age Principles and Phenomena

• New Relationship Between Operations Abroad and Homeland Security

• New Concept/Sense of Security in the American Citizen

• Broadened Threat Context– State/Non-State

– Nodal/Non-Nodal

– Symmetric/Asymmetric

– Traditional/Unrestricted

• Globalization of Technology and Expertise– Disintegration of Western Oligopoly on Dual-Use Technology


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What Satellites Can’t See


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An Unbounded Problem?


• No Clear Enemy

Success is Measured by Things That “Don’t Happen”Success is Measured by Things That “Don’t Happen”

• No Front Line

• No Set Definition of Victory

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Operationalizing the Strategy – Preventing the Acquisition or Use of Weapons of Mass Destruction

• Special Operations Forces to Locate, Characterize and Secure WMD

• The Capability to Deploy, Sustain, Protect, Support and Re-Deploy Special Operations Forces Globally

• Capabilities to Locate, Tag and Track WMD

• Capabilities to Detect Fissile Materials

• Capabilities and Specialized Teams to Render Safe and Secure WMD

• Joint Command and Control Tailored for WMD Elimination

• The Capability to Shield Critical and Vulnerable Systems from EMP


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Operationalizing the Strategy –Defending the Homeland in Depth

• Joint Command and Control for Homeland Defense and Civil Support Missions

• Air and Maritime Domain Awareness Capabilities

• Capabilities to Manage the Consequences of Major Catastrophic Events

• Broad Spectrum Medical Countermeasures

• Tailored Deterrence, Including Global Strike Capabilities to Defend and Respond in an Overwhelming Manner Against Attacks

• New/Expanded Authority to Use Guard or Reserve Forces in the Event of a Man-Made or Natural Disaster


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U.S. Domestic National Preparedness Priorities

• Expand Regional Collaboration

• Implement the National Incident Management System and Response Plan

• Information Sharing and Collaborating Capabilities

• Interoperable Communications Capabilities

• CBRNE Detection, Response and Decontamination Capabilities

• Medical Surge and Mass Prophylaxis Capabilities

• Planning and Citizen Preparedness CapabilitiesNational Preparedness Guidelines

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)September 2007


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National Preparedness Guidelines

• Fifteen Planning Scenarios

• 1600 Unique Tasks to Prevent, Protect, Respond, and Recover from Major Events

• 37 Specific Capabilities for Communities, Private Sector, and Government

• Organize and Synchronize National Efforts

• Guide Investments

• Establish Metrics


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Where Does the Military Fit?


National Strategy for Homeland Security

National Defense Strategy

Strategy for Homeland Defense and Civil Support

Prevent WMD Threats

Transform Institutions

Prevent Attacks/ Reduce Vulnerability/ Minimize Damage/ Recover

• Secure From Direct Attack• Strengthen Alliances• Continuous Transformation

• Deter Threats• Active, Layered Defense• Capabilities Based

• 10 Year Time Frame• Protect Through Active Layered Defense• DoD Provides Support to a Lead Federal Agency when Directed

ACTIVITIES OBJECTIVES CAPABILITIES

HERE

HERE

ANDHERE

ANDHERE

ANDHERE

ANDHERE

HERE

HERE

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Joint Program Executive Office forChemical and Biological Defense


Mission

The Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical and Biological Defense is Responsible for

Research, Development, Acquisition, Fielding, and Life-cycle Support of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Defense Equipment, Medical Countermeasures, and

Installation and Force Protection Supporting the National Military Strategy

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Joint Program Executive Office Areas of Responsibility


Total Life Cycle ManagementTotal Life Cycle Management

Vaccines

Treatments

Diagnostics

Chemical & Biological Agent Detection

Individual Protection

Collective Protection

Decontamination

Weapons of Mass Destruction – Civil Support

Installation/ Force Protection

InformationSystems

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System of Systems Approach toCounter the Threat


Medical Pretreatment

ContaminationAvoidance andNBC Battle Management(Detection, Identification, Reconnaissance & Warning)

Medical Treatment

Information SystemsIndividual & Collective Protection

Installation ForceProtection

CB Threats & HazardsCB Threats & Hazards

AgentDelivery

AgentDelivery

Doses onTarget

Doses onTarget

DownwindDispersal

DownwindDispersal

DosesAbsorbed

DosesAbsorbed

SymptomsSymptoms

Sustained Combat PowerSustained Combat Power

Decontamination,Restoration

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Bringing Homeland Security & Defense Together An Example:


National Response Plan

Homeland Security Presidential DirectivesNational Security Strategy

Installation Protection Program

Bridging the Gap

Civil Community Military Community

Departmentof HomelandSecurity (DHS)

Departmentof Defense (DoD)

− Instructions− Directives− Homeland Defense

Strategy− Anti Terrorism/ Force

Protection Policy− All Hazards

− National Incident Management System

− All Hazards− BioWatch− BioNet− Grant Programs

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Installation Protection Program (IPP)


Capabilities:

• Integrated and Effective Civil-Military Protection

–Respond and Recover

–Effective and Affordable

• Detection

• Warning

• Decontamination

• Information Management

• Medical Protection, Surveillance, and Response

Over 200 Installations WorldwideOver 200 Installations Worldwide

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29081023_BioDefense_Seminar_GMU

JPEO-CBD Fielding CriticalCivil Support Systems

• Assured, Secure Communications are Critical to Effective Incident Response

• Unified Command Suite Fielded to Civil Support Teams

• Provided Critical Support During Hurricane Katrina

National GuardCivil Support Team (CST)

Unified Command Suite (UCS)

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30 081023_BioDefense_Seminar_GMU

DHS Monitoring GUARDIAN USPS Centers

National WMD Detection Architecture LeveragesDoD and Civilian Assets

National WMD Detection Architecture LeveragesDoD and Civilian Assets

31 Approx. Locations

185 Installations

225 Approx. Locations

Combined Efforts = National ProtectionCombined Efforts = National Protection081023_BioDefense_Seminar_GMU 30

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Coalition Warfare Interoperability Demonstration 2007 – Integrated Information Management System


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Challenges


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Forcing the Process


Def

ense

Fed

Acq

Reg

s

Def

ense

Fed

Acq

Reg

s

Fed Acq RegsFed Acq Regs

DoD 5000DoD 5000

PPB&SPPB&S

LawsLawsInteragency

Process

Interagency

Process

OversightOversight

PolicyPolicy

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Maintaining Balance


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Bringing Homeland Security & Defense Together An Example:


National Response Plan

Homeland Security Presidential DirectivesNational Security Strategy

Installation Protection Program

Bridging the Gap

Civil Community Military Community

Departmentof Homeland

Security (DHS)

Departmentof Defense (DoD)

− Instructions− Directives− Homeland Defense

Strategy− Anti Terrorism/ Force

Protection Policy− All Hazards

− National Incident Management System

− All Hazards− BioWatch− BioNet− Grant Programs

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Homeland Security Presidential Directives (HSPD)

• HSPD-1 Organization and Operation of the Homeland Security Council (HSC)

• HSPD-2 Combating Terrorism Through Immigration Policies

• HSPD-3 Homeland Security Advisory System

• HSPD-4 (Classified)

• HSPD-5 Management of Domestic Incidents

• HSPD-6 Integration and Use of Screening Information

• HSPD-7 Critical Infrastructure Identification, Prioritization and Protection

• HSPD-8 National Preparedness


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Homeland Security Presidential Directives (HSPD) (Cont’d)

• HSPD-9 Defense of United States Agriculture and Food

• HSPD-10 BioDefense for the 21st Century

• HSPD-11 Comprehensive Terrorist-Related Screening Procedures

• HSPD-12 Policy for a Common Identification Standard for Federal Employees and Contractors

• HSPD-13 Maritime Security Policy

• HSPD-14 Domestic Nuclear Detection


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National Biomonitoring Notification Architecture


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Establishing Interagency Biological Assay Equivalency

• As Part of National Bio-Monitoring Architecture MOU, DOD, DHS and CDC are Establishing Equivalency of Environmental Biological Assays

• Comparative Testing Across Assays will be Completed in the Fall of 2007

• Completes Key Component of Architecture Roadmap to Achieve DoD/Civilian Interoperability


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Mass Casualty Decontamination Challenge


How do you go from decontaminating a few ambulatory, protected responders…

…to hundreds of incapacitated,unprotected civilians?

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Building Decontamination Challenge


We need to decontaminate military platforms….

…. and also civilian buildings

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Large Scale Hazard Mapping Challenge

• CBR Hazards Not AlwaysVisible

• Need to Assure WorriedCitizens That Areas areSafe for Reoccupation

• Technical Challenges inEnvironmental Samplingand Processing Throughput

• JPEO Working with DHS and EPA

– Interagency Biological Restoration Demonstration (IBRD, Seattle)

– Validating Environmental Sampling Methods for Decon Assurance


Where is the Hazard?

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Investment Convergence


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Summary

Defeat those who seek to harm the US, its Allies and Partners through Weapons of Mass Destruction

(WMD) or Threat of Use.

Defeat those who seek to harm the US, its Allies and Partners through Weapons of Mass Destruction

(WMD) or Threat of Use.

• A Nation Prepared with Coordinated Capabilities to:

- Prevent

- Protect Against

- Respond

- Recover

From all Hazards, Balancing Risks with Resources and Need


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Questions/ Discussion

-- Plan 9 From Outer Space, 1959

Colonel: This is the most fantastic story I’ve ever heard!

Pilot: And every word of it’s true, too.

Colonel: That’s the fantastic part of it!


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Good Luck!


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080801_DAU_Exec_Refresh 48

perspectives on combating weapons of mass destruction (wmd) 081023_biodefense_seminar_gmu 1...

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