pesticide safety education: still needed? barry m. brennan, phd pesticide coordinator college of...
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PESTICIDE SAFETY EDUCATION: STILL NEEDED?
Barry M. Brennan, PhD
Pesticide Coordinator College of Tropical Agriculture and
Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii-Manoa
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Background
Pesticide Safety Education
• Chlorinated hydrocarbons replaced by organophosphates
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Background
Pesticide Safety Education
• Chlorinated hydrocarbons replaced by organophosphates
• USDA creates Operation Safe
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Background
Pesticide Safety Education
• Chlorinated hydrocarbons replaced by organophosphates
• USDA creates Operation Safe
• 1960 – the Administrator of the FES ask extension directors to appoint a Pesticide Coordinator to -
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“…receive, interpret, and disseminate information regarding pesticides and pest management.”
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The (Extension Service) Administrator envisioned educational programs, schools, conferences and intensive training courses for farmers and other pesticide users.
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Significant Dates
1962 Silent Spring
1970 Environment Protection Agency
1972 FIFRA amended
1975 State Plans for Certification of Pesticide Applicators approved
1976 Training begins
1988-89 Joint EPA/USDA evaluation
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The 80s and 90s
• IPM becomes the buzz word
• Endangered Species Act
• Worker protection issuesWPS
• Water quality protection
• Drift management
• Structural pest management
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Pesticide Safety Education
• Proposed at 1993 National C&T Workshop– New programs = Increased workload– Funding from new CSREES programs (%-age)
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Pesticide Safety Education
• Proposed at 1993 National C&T Workshop– New programs = Increased workload– Funding from new CSREES programs (%-age)
• GPRA passed
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Pesticide Safety Education
• Proposed at 1993 National C&T Workshop– New programs = Increased workload– Funding from new programs
• GPRA passed
• CTAG created to assess C&T– CES, SLA, EPA, USDA partnership– C&T in the 21st Century
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Are the problems that justified creation of PSEP still valid?
• Number of farms down
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Are the problems that justified creation of PSEP still valid?
• Number of farms down
• Number of private applicators down
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Are the problems that justified creation of PSEP still valid?
• Number of farms down
• Number of private applicators down
• Environmental contamination down
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Are the problems that justified creation of PSEP still valid?
• Number of farms down
• Number of private applicators down
• Environmental contamination down
• Fewer instances of pesticide poisoning
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Are the problems that justified creation of PSEP still valid?
• Number of farms down
• Number of private applicators down
• Environmental contamination down
• Fewer instances of pesticide poisoning
• Number of illegal residues down
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Changes in the last 30 years
• Number of RUPs down
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Changes in the last 30 years
• Number of RUPs down
• Alternatives developed (e.g., baits, “less toxic” pesticides, non-chemical controls)
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Changes in the last 30 years
• Number of RUPs down
• Alternatives developed (e.g., baits, “less toxic” pesticides, non-chemical controls)
• Fewer manufacturers = fewer products
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Changes in the last 30 years
• Number of RUPs down
• Alternatives developed (e.g., baits, “less toxic” pesticides, non-chemical controls)
• Fewer manufacturers = fewer products
• Most private and commercial applicators trained (and recertified)
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Changes in the last 30 years
• Number of RUPs down
• Alternatives developed (e.g., baits, “less toxic” pesticides, non-chemical controls)
• Fewer manufacturers = fewer products
• Most private and commercial applicators trained (and recertified)
• Funding in real dollars down every year
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Positive changes in the last 30 years
• Enforcement more effective (numbers up?)
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Positive changes in the last 30 years
• Enforcement more effective (numbers up?)
• Awareness among applicators up
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Positive changes in the last 30 years
• Enforcement more effective (numbers up?)
• Awareness among applicators up
• Support from applicator organizations up
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Positive changes in the last 30 years
• Enforcement more effective (numbers up?)
• Awareness among applicators up
• Support from applicator organizations up
• Fewer serious incidents of misuse
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Positive changes in the last 30 years
• Enforcement more effective (numbers up?)• Awareness among applicators up• Support from applicator organizations up• Fewer serious incidents of misuse• Increased number of training materials and
formats available– Quality up– Interactive
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Positive changes in the last 30 years
• Enforcement more effective (numbers up?)
• Awareness among applicators up
• Support from applicator organizations up
• Fewer serious incidents of misuse
• Increased number of training materials and formats available
• Certification required for employment
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Current situation
• PSEP is low priority for many land grants
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Current situation
• PSEP is low priority for many land grants
• CSREES does not support
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Current situation
• PSEP is low priority for many land grants
• CSREES does not support
• Base funding always uncertain
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Current situation
• PSEP is low priority for many land grants
• CSREES does not support
• Base funding always uncertain
• Pesticide coordinators not being replaced
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Current situation
• PSEP is low priority for many land grants
• CSREES does not support
• Base funding always uncertain
• Pesticide coordinators not being replaced
• Fewer applicators need certification
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Current situation
• PSEP is low priority for many land grants
• CSREES does not support
• Base funding always uncertain
• Pesticide coordinators not being replaced
• Fewer applicators need certification
• Non-English proficient applicators up
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Current situation (cont.)
• Agroterrorism is a real concern
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Current situation (cont.)
• Agroterrorism is a real concern
• Applicators want training, not certification
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Current situation (cont.)
• Agroterrorism is a real concern
• Applicators want training, not certification
• Commercial applicators available for hire or on staff– Aerial applicators– Pest management specialists
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Recommendations
• Prioritize training needs– Laws and regulations– Pest management– Environmental protection– Pesticide application– Personal protection and poisoning
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Recommendations
• Assign responsibilities– Laws and regulations - SLA– Pest management – PM coordinator– Environmental protection – SLA – Pesticide application – PSEP – Personal protection and poisoning – PSEP
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Recommendations
• Regionalize program (5-15 programs)
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Recommendations
• Regionalize program (5-15 programs)
• Focus on non-certification training– Special needs applicators– Train the trainer– Professional development
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Recommendations
• Regionalize program (5-15 programs)
• Focus on non-certification training
• Develop partnerships to deliver program(other faculty, associations, private industry,
NGOs, etc)
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Recommendations
• Regionalize program (5-15 programs)
• Focus on non-certification training
• Develop partnerships to deliver program(other faculty, associations, private industry,
NGOs, etc)
• Seek extramural funding, fees
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Recommendations
• Regionalize program (5-15 programs)• Focus on non-certification training• Develop partnerships to deliver program
(other faculty, associations, private industry, NGOs, etc)
• Seek extramural funding, fees• Utilize technology
– Internet, Pesticide PDA, handheld computers
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Summary and Conclusions
• Original reasons for program have been met
• Emphasis has moved from education and training to enforcement
• CSREES is not an effective partner
• Extension directors ambivalent
• Alternatives to state extension available
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Summary and Conclusions (cont.)
• Programs may be regionalized
• Programs should be more focused
• Funding will always be an issue
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Thank you!
Questions and comments?
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Summary and Conclusions
• Regarding funding– CSREES will not support– SLAs should assume responsibilities for some
aspects (laws and regs, environment, etc)– EPA set up competitive grants program OR
regionalize program