petroleum engineering 648 — pressure transient testing · 2017. 1. 20. · petroleum engineering...

Petroleum Engineering 648 — Pressure Transient Testing Syllabus and Administrative Procedures

Spring 2017

( of 15)

Petroleum Engineering 648 — Pressure Transient Testing Course Introduction — Thomas A. Blasingame, Ph.D., P.E.

Spring 2017

Instructor Information:

Petroleum Engineering 648 Instructor: Dr. Tom Blasingame TA: Mr. Alex Valdes-Perez Pressure Transient Testing Office: Richardson 821A Office: Richardson 821A Texas A&M University TL: +1.979.845.2292 TL: N/A RICH 319 MW 19:50-21:05 EM: [email protected] EM: [email protected] (in-class lectures) (Please always use e-mail to contact me) (Please always use e-mail to contact the TA)

Orientation for PETE 648: (specific to 2017)

The offering of PETE 648 in the Spring 2017 term remains a bit of a "rebuild" from the course I taught in the early 2000s — a "rebuild" in the sense that I lost all of my course material for PETE 648 in a computer theft in 2004 (lesson-learned: always keep your files backed-up). Another faculty member taught this course from 2004-2014, and I did continue to teach PETE 324 (the undergraduate version of this course) through 2009. However; PETE 648 is (and should be) of more depth and breadth than PETE 324. You are free to review any/all of my archives on my website (http://www.pe.tamu.edu/blasingame/data/z_zCourse_Archive/), including those for PETE 324 and PETE 663. The reference materials are generally well-organized and provide the means for self-study, and the assignments are both straightforward and extremely well-documented.

Goals for PETE 648: (specific to 2017)

Familiarity with the background, solutions, assumptions/limitations, diagnostics, and methodology for the analysis and interpretation of pressure transient test data and production data. The successful student will have developed both familiarity and mastery of the course materials and assignments. In particular, the course reading assignments (i.e., the "Reading Portfolio") are a critical component, as also are the assigned problems in the "Homework Portfolio," as these text example problems are essential to understanding the scope of pressure transient testing.

Assignments for PETE 648: (specific to 2017)

(Due 17 Apr 2017) Reading Portfolio [Paper reviews for assigned publications.] .............................. (50 papers/20 points) 20 percent (Due 24 Apr 2017) Homework Portfolio [Problems from Lee, et al text.] ........................................... (25 problems/50 points) 50 percent (Due 01 May 2017) Final Examination [Problems taken from literature and field cases.] .................. (6 problems/30 points) 30 percent

Total = 100 percent

Philosophy about Students:

I am a teacher, that role defines my life and my career. I am not the best teacher you will ever have, but I can almost guarantee that I will be the best "motivator" you have ever had. Students always come first with me — BUT, students must pull their own weight, I have zero tolerance for those who exhibit a low effort or "just want to get by." My goals as a teacher are:

● To create materials and exercises that ensure that the student masters the concepts/applications for a given topic. ● To challenge the student to become a creative and independent thinker. ● To provide an understanding of a student/young engineer's responsibilities as a professional (i.e., the work always comes first).

Philosophy about Life:

● Most Appropriate Quote: Opportunity is missed by most people because it is dressed in overalls and looks like work... (hard work is the only path…)

Thomas A. Edison, American Inventor (1847-1931) ● Important Rules for Life:

— Never own anything that eats while you sleep… — Always work harder than those you work for… — Never own anything that needs repainting… — If you have to herd cats, then be a rat… — Never own anything that you can't drive a nail in... — Never say no, and there's no limit to where you can go…

Brief Bio: Thomas A. Blasingame, Ph.D., P.E.

● Professor, Department of Petroleum Engineering at Texas A&M University in College Station Texas. ● Holds a joint appointment in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at Texas A&M University. ● Holder of the Robert L. Whiting Professorship in Petroleum Engineering. ● B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in Petroleum Engineering from Texas A&M University. ● Teaching/Research activities: ● Technical Contributions:

— Petrophysics — Pressure transient test analysis — Reservoir engineering — Analysis of production data — Analysis/interpretation of well performance — Reservoir management — Exploitation of unconventional reservoirs — Diagnostic characterization of reservoir performance — Technical mathematics — General reservoir engineering

● Student counts to date (Jan 2017): 61 M.S. (thesis), 32 M.Eng. (report, non-thesis), and 13 Ph.D. students.

Guidance:

● Orientation — This is graduate school, the (only) person you are competing against is in the mirror. ● Work Quality — My highest commandment is that you submit your best work; and ONLY your best work. ● Focus — This is an essential course in reservoir engineering. ● Timeliness — This material is very straightforward, but there is much to learn — do not underestimate your workload and timing. ● Course Materials — The material will teach itself (… I am just more of a guide/coach), but you must put your full effort into the course. ● Connections — I am here to help; I will answer any/all relevant correspondence within 24 hours (unless I am totally offline).

Practical Points for PETE 648: (specific to 2017)

A few practical points for the Spring 2017 term:

● I am on the SPE Board and have at least 2 travel interruptions that will affect PETE 648 in January and in March. ● There will also be occasions where I am on "family rotation," and may lecture remotely, but in general I will try to lecture in person. ● Software is not permitted for coursework, but I do plan a number of demonstrations of software at/near the end of the term.


Spring 2017

( of 15)

Petroleum Engineering 648 — Pressure Transient Testing Instructor Information, Texts, Reference Materials, and Basis for Grade, Policies and Procedures, Scholastic Dishonesty

Spring 2017

Instructor Information:

Petroleum Engineering 648 Instructor: Dr. Tom Blasingame TA: Mr. Alex Valdes-Perez Pressure Transient Testing Office: Richardson 821A Office: Richardson 821A Texas A&M University TL: +1.979.845.2292 TL: N/A RICH 319 MW 19:50-21:05 EM: [email protected] EM: [email protected] (in-class lectures) (Please always use e-mail to contact me) (Please always use e-mail to contact the TA)

Texts:

Required Texts: (to be purchased) [*Available from http://store.spe.org/— you must have these texts.]

1. Lee, W.J.: Well Testing, SPE (1982).* 2. Lee, W.J., Rollins, J.B., and Spivey, J.P.: Pressure Transient Testing, SPE (2003).* 3. Matthews, C.S. and Russell, D.G.: Pressure Buildup and Flow Tests in Wells, Monograph Vol. 1, SPE (1967).* 4. Earlougher, R.C., Jr.: Advances in Well Test Analysis, Monograph Vol. 5, SPE (1977).*

Required Texts: (provided in electronic form)

1. Rawlins, E. L. And Schellhardt, M. A.: Back-Pressure Data on Natural-Gas Wells, Monograph Vol. 7, USBM (1935). 2. ERCB: Theory and Practice of the Testing of Gas Wells (3rd Edition), Energy Resources Conservation Board, Calgary, AB, Canada (1975). 3. Mattar, Louis: Well Test Interpretation, Fekete Associates, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (2004). 4. Houze, Olivier, et al: Dynamic Data Analysis, Kappa Engineering, Sophia Antipolis, France (2016).

etc.: (can be purchased) [#Available from http://store.spe.org/— you should have these texts.]

1. Horne, R.N.: Modern Well Test Analysis: A Computer-Aided Approach (1995). (not available from http://store.spe.org/) 2. Lee, W.J. and Wattenbarger, R.A.: Gas Reservoir Engineering, SPE (1996).# 3. Dake, L. P.: Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering, Elsevier (1978).# 4. Dake, L. P.: The Practice of Reservoir Engineering, Elsevier (2001).# 5. Bourdet, D.: Well Test Analysis: The Use of Advanced Interpretation Models, Elsevier (2002). (not available from http://store.spe.org/) 6. Raghavan, R.: Well Test Analysis, Prentice Hall (1993). (not available from http://store.spe.org/)

Reference Materials:

Course materials for this semester are located at:

— General archive for PETE 648:

http://www.pe.tamu.edu/blasingame/data/P648_17A/

— Reference archive for PETE 324: (old undergraduate well testing course — notes, old exams, old assignments, etc.)

http://www.pe.tamu.edu/blasingame/data/z_zCourse_Archive/P324_reference/

Basis for Grade: [Grade Cutoffs (Percentages) → A: > 90 B: 89.99 to 80 C: 79.99 to 70 D: 69.99 to 60 F: < 59.99]

Reading Portfolio [Paper reviews for assigned publications.] ...................................................................................................... 20 percent Homework Portfolio [Problems from Lee, W.J., Rollins, J.B., and Spivey, J.P.: Pressure Transient Testing, SPE (2003).] ......... 50 percent Final Examination [A set of problems assigned by the instructor, taken from the literature and field cases.] ........................... 30 percent

Total = 100 percent

Policies and Procedures:

1. Students are expected to attend class every session. Resident (not Distance Learning) students are REQUIRED to attend class every session. Distance Learning students are expected to review lecture materials within 24 hours of the lecture being given. This is not a casual requirement, penalties can and will be assigned for missing class.

2. Policy on Grading a. All work in this course is graded on the basis of answers only — any partial credit is at the discretion of the instructor. b. All work requiring calculations shall be properly and completely documented for credit. c. All grading shall be done by the instructor, or under his direction and supervision, and the decision of the instructor is final.

3. Policy on Re-grading a. Only in very rare cases will exams be considered for re-grading — partial credit (if any) is not subject to appeal. b. Work which, while possibly correct, but cannot be followed, will be considered incorrect. c. Grades assigned to problems in the Homework Portfolio will not be considered for re-grading. (specific to PETE 648) d. Grades assigned to the Reading Portfolio will not be considered for re-grading. (specific to PETE 648) e. If re-grading is necessary, the student is to submit a letter to the instructor explaining the situation that requires consideration

for re-grading, and the material to be regraded must be attached to this letter. The letter and attached material must be received within one week from the date returned by the instructor.

4. The grade for a late assignment is zero. Late or not, all assignments must be turned in.

5. Each student should review the University Regulations concerning attendance, grades, and scholastic dishonesty. In particular, anyone caught cheating on an examination or collaborating on an assignment where collaboration is not specifically authorized by the instructor will be removed from the class roster and given an F (failure grade) in the course.

Scholastic Dishonesty:

THE STUDENT IS HEREBY WARNED THAT ANY/ALL ACTS OF SCHOLASTIC DISHONESTY WILL RESULT IN AN "F" GRADE FOR ALL ASSIGNMENTS IN THIS COURSE. As a definition, "scholastic dishonesty" will include any or all of the following acts:

● Unauthorized collaborations — you are explicitly forbidden from working together on EXAMINATION(S). ● Using work of others — you are explicitly forbidden from using the work of others — "others" is defined as students in this course, as well

as any other person. You are specifically required to perform your own work.

Note: Collaboration is permitted on the "homework portfolio." (specific to PETE 648)


Spring 2017

( of 15)

Petroleum Engineering 648 — Pressure Transient Testing Work Requirements, Work Standard, Student Obligation, E-mail Protocols, Computational Tools, and Course Description

Spring 2017

Work Requirements: (layout/format/etc.)

● You must show ALL work — as appropriate, YOU MUST: — Show all details in your calculations (no skipped steps) — all portions of all analysis relations must be shown. — Show all units in each calculation.

● Work layout: (as appropriate for a given problem) — NEATNESS: You will be graded on the neatness of your work. — LABELS: All work, trends, and features on every plot MUST be appropriately labeled — no exceptions.

■ Work: All work must be fully labeled and documented — equations, relations, calculations, etc. ■ Trends: This includes the slope, intercept, and the information used to construct a given trend. ■ Features: Any description of features/points of interest on a given trend (specific times/pressures, flow regimes, etc.).

— LINES: Use appropriate drafting care in construction of lines, trends, arrows, etc. — SKETCHING: Take great care in any sketches you create/use in your work.

● Plots/Plotting: (as required) — SYMBOLS: Use symbols for "data." — LINES: Use lines to represent models/trends. — COLORS: Use black for all axes and gridlines. Use primary colors (red, green, blue), (please) avoid pastel colors. — etc.: Please do NOT use a border or "frame" around your plots.

Work Standard:

Simply put, the expectation of the instructor (Blasingame) is that "perfection is the standard" — in other words, your work will be judged against a perfect standard. If your submission is not your very best work, then don't submit it. You have an OBLIGATION to submit only your very best work.

Student Obligation:

You must prepare your work as instructed above, or you will be assessed grading penalties.

e-mail Protocols

In order to manage your correspondence, I require that you use the following protocol.

Subject Line: [YYYYMMDD] (YOURLASTNAME) Subject (date) (your last name) (Subject of your e-mail) Body:

Dr. BLASINGAME:

I would like to enquire about the following: * Question 1 ... (be clear and concise) * Question 2 ... (be clear and concise) * Question 3 ... (be clear and concise)

I thank you for your assistance.

YourFirstName YOURLASTNAME (contact information) E: (TAMU) E: (personal) T: (a phone contact) (I will NEVER call you without first sending an e-mail or text)

Comments: ● (please) Do not forward/reply to emails that I send you from eCampus — SEND A NEW NOTE. ● The subject line is used to file e-mail by student name (this is why this specific subject line is required). ● Every effort will be made to answer every e-mail, but PLEASE avoid trivial enquiries (consult the syllabus for "administrative" issues). ● I am more than happy to address questions by e-mail — i.e., issues/errors/etc. and/or help with something relevant to the course. ● Courier New 10pt Bold font is required.

Computational Tools: (specific to PETE 648)

In this course you are NOT required to work in a particular computational environment. However; you should be/must be proficient at whatever computational tool(s) you use for work in this course (e.g., MS Excel). Please note that YOU are RESPONSIBLE for your computer-aided solutions. Depending on the assignment you may be asked for a copy of your source code and you should provide relevant commentary/docu-mentation in your source code (or spreadsheet) sufficient for your work to be traced.

Comments: ● You should be as creative as possible with your work — but you are responsible for your proficiency in a particular computational product. ● If you use a computational product to construct your "homework portfolio" and "final exam," you must show all equations and your results. ● You are NOT permitted to use commercial or research software (e.g., Well Test, Pie, PanSystem, Sapphire, etc.) to construct your solutions.

Course Description

The purpose of this course is to provide the student with a working knowledge of the current methodologies used in well testing—including, but not limited to, single and multi-rate testing, single and multiwell testing, homogeneous and heterogeneous reservoirs, infinite and finite-acting reservoir behavior.

Specific topics to be studied include: steady-state and pseudosteady-state flow behavior, derivation of the diffusivity equation; solution of the diffusivity equation; analysis of pressure drawdown and buildup tests; wellbore storage and skin effects; behavior of vertically fractured wells; behavior of dual porosity reservoir systems; analysis of production performance; rate forecasting using semi-analytical; empirical; and IPR methods; deliverability testing.


Spring 2017

( of 15)

Petroleum Engineering 648 — Pressure Transient Testing Course Objectives

Spring 2017

Course Objectives

The student should be able to:

Module 1: Introductory Materials

● Describe the relationships between porosity and permeability; and how these properties influence the flow of fluids in reservoir rocks. ● Use correlations and laboratory data to estimate the properties of reservoir fluids which are relevant for reservoir engineering. ● Sketch plots of pressure as functions of radius and time for steady-state flow, transient radial flow, boundary-dominated flow.

Module 2: Fundamentals of Flow in Porous Media

● Derive and apply the material balance relations for the slightly compressible liquid (oil) system and the dry gas system. ● Derive and apply the steady-state flow equations for horizontal linear and radial flow of liquids and gases, including the pp and p2-forms. ● Develop and apply relations for pseudosteady-state flow in closed black oil or dry gas reservoir systems. ● Derive the "skin factor" (steady-state flow theory), and be able to describe the conditions of damage and stimulation using the skin factor. ● Derive and manipulate the diffusivity equations for the radial and linear flow of single and multiphase fluids (liquids and gases).

Module 3: Solutions/Models for Well Test Analysis

● Define and use dimensionless variables and dimensionless solutions: — To illustrate the generic performance of a particular reservoir model using "dimensionless" variables and "dimensionless" solutions. — To use the dimensionless solutions for a given reservoir model to predict the (time-dependent) performance of the reservoir system.

Module 4: Analysis of Pressure Transient Data

● (PTA) Interpret and analyze pressure transient data using "conventional" plots: — Specialized plotting functions (e.g., the well-test pressure derivative, the superposition time functions for variable rate cases, etc.). — Early-Time Cartesian Plot: Wellbore Storage Domination Regime

■ Pressure versus time. ■ Parameters: Pressure-at-Start-of-Test and the Wellbore Storage Coefficient.

— Semi-Log Plot: Transient Radial Flow Regime ■ Pressure versus the logarithm of time for the pressure drawdown/injection case. ■ Pressure versus the logarithm of superposition time (e.g., Horner Time or Agarwal Time) for the pressure buildup/falloff case. ■ Parameters: Permeability and the Skin Factor.

— Log-Log Plot: Diagnostic Interpretation and Specialized Trend Analysis ■ Logarithm of pressure drop and pressure drop derivative versus the logarithm of time (or superposition time function). ■ Parameters: Wellbore Storage Coefficient, Permeability (radial flow), and Permeability-Fracture Half-Length (vertical fracture).

● (PTA) "Pressure Transient Analysis" of "time-pressure" data to obtain estimates of reservoir properties (infinite-acting reservoirs). — Interpret and analyze pressure transient data using log-log "type curve" plots for the following cases:

■ "Bourdet-Gringarten" TC: Unfractured Vertical Well with Wellbore Storage and Skin Effects. ■ "Stewart" TC: Unfractured Vertical Well with Closed Boundaries or Sealing Faults. ■ "Tang and Brigham" TC: Unfractured Vertical Well in a "Radial Composite" Reservoir. ■ "Onur-Satman-Reynolds" TC: Unfractured Vertical Well in a "Naturally Fractured" Reservoir. ■ "Economides" TC Fractured Vertical Well with Wellbore Storage, Fracture Flow Regimes, and Radial Flow.

— Gas wells (using appropriate pseudopressure and pseudotime variables)

Module 5: Analysis of Production Data

● (DCA) "Decline Curve Analysis" of "time-rate" production data to obtain production forecasts and estimates of EUR: — Estimate the "reserves" for an oil or gas well using plots of rate versus cumulative production. — Create a production forecast and estimate reserves using a DCA model (e.g., Arps, modified-hyperbolic, power-law exponential). — Correlate the DCA results with well completion parameters (e.g., size of well stimulation).

● (RTA) "Rate Transient Analysis" of "time-rate-pressure" production data to obtain reservoir volume and estimates of reservoir properties. — Interpret and analyze time-rate-pressure production data using log-log "type curve" plots for the following cases:

■ "Fetkovich-McCray" TC: Unfractured Vertical Well in a Bounded Circular Reservoir. ■ "Doublet" TC: Vertical well with an Infinite Conductivity Vertical Fracture in a Bounded Circular Reservoir. ■ "Pratikno" TC: Vertical well with a Finite Conductivity Vertical Fracture in a Bounded Circular Reservoir. ■ "Shih" TC: Unfractured Horizontal Well in a Bounded Square Reservoir.

— Utilize the "flowing material balance" method to confirm/estimate reserves. ● Deliverability Testing: (as known as "well tests" or "productivity tests")

— Estimate the "absolute open flow" using data from a gas well "deliverability" test. — Analyze and interpret flow-after-flow (4-point) and isochronal flow tests.

● Demonstrate the capability to integrate, analyze, and interpret well test and production data to provide: — Estimates of reservoir properties (i.e., a reservoir characterization). — Integration of petrophysical properties with the properties estimated from well performance analysis (i.e., a reservoir description).

Note:

The primary goal of this course is for students to be able to perform "hand" (or computer-aided) calculations to solve problems in pressure transient testing and production data analysis. In addition, the student will be exposed to and should also be able to use modern, industry-accepted software for the analysis of well test and production data.

Acronyms:

PTA = Pressure Transient Analysis (i.e., analysis of "time-pressure" transient data) RTA = Rate Transient Analysis (i.e., analysis of "time-rate-pressure" production data) DCA = Decline Curve Analysis (i.e., analysis of "time-rate" production data)

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Spring 2017

( of 15)

Petroleum Engineering 648 — Pressure Transient Testing Homework Portfolio Assignment (50 points/25 problems)

Spring 2017

The purpose of a "homework portfolio" is to ensure that the student has developed competent skills in the course objectives. The portfolio MUST be submitted, and will be assigned a numeric grade (0 to 100) at the discretion of the instructor. As the Homework Portfolio consists of "book" problems taken from the primary course text (i.e., the Lee, Rollins, and Spivey text (LRS)), the expectation is that each student will work each problem completely and independently (i.e., each student will create their own solution work showing all solutions steps, this means MORE work than is provided in the solution given for each example problem — no detail(s) should be omitted). Students ARE permitted to communicate and collaborate — HOWEVER, students are not permitted to submit shared or copied work. Shared or copied work will result in a zero (0) score for the Homework Portfolio assignment. Since these are all "book" problems, the assessment of the instructor (or his designate) is final and is not open to negotiation or resubmission.

The Homework Portfolio is assigned as follows:

● Due date: Monday 24 April 2017 [by 5:00 p.m. (i.e., 16:59:59 US CST)] ● Submission: Submit as a SINGLE .pdf file named: P648_17A_HwkPort_YOURLASTNAME.pdf ● Recipient: Send to [email protected] (use TAMU "FILEX" system for very large files)

Failure to submit the Homework Portfolio will result a zero (0) score for this portion of the student's grade.

Chapter 1 — Fundamentals of Fluid Flow in Porous Media

(1) LRS Example 1.1 Calculation of Pressures Beyond the Wellbore With the Line-Source Solution. (2) LRS Example 1.4 Superposition in Space-Modeling a Well Near a Fault.

Chapter 2 — Introduction to Flow and Buildup-Test Analysis: Slightly Compressible Fluids

(3) LRS Example 2.1 Determining Permeability and Skin Factor From a Constant-Rate Flow Test. (4) LRS Example 2.2 Analysis of a Flow Test With Smoothly Varying Rates. (5) LRS Example 2.4 Determining Permeability and Reservoir Pressure From Buildup Tests (in terms of Dt). (6) LRS Example 2.5 Determining Permeability and Reservoir Pressure From Buildup Tests (in terms of Horner Time). (7) LRS Example 2.10 Estimating Drainage-Area Pressure From a Buildup Test. (8) LRS Example 2.11 Estimating Distance to a Fault.

Chapter 3 — Introduction to Flow and Buildup-Test Analysis: Compressible Fluids

(9) LRS Example 3.3 Analysis of a Gas-Well Pressure-Buildup Test.

Chapter 4 — Well-Test Analysis by Use of Type Curves

(10) LRS Example 4.1 Drawdown Test Analysis by Use of Ramey's Type Curves. (11) LRS Example 4.2 Drawdown Test Analysis With McKinley's Type Curve. (12) LRS Example 4.3 Analyzing a Pressure-Buildup Test With the Gringarten Type Curve. (13) LRS Example 4.4 Analyzing a Buildup Test With the Derivative Type Curve. (14) LRS Example 4.5 Gas-Well Buildup-Test Analysis With Pressure and Pressure-Derivative Type Curves.

Chapter 5 — Analysis of Pressure-Buildup Tests Distorted by Phase Redistribution

(15) LRS Example 5.3 Buildup Test With Wellbore Phase Redistribution, Type 3 Pressure Response.

Chapter 6 — Well-Test Interpretation in Hydraulically Fractured Wells

(16) LRS Example 6.2 Analysis of a Post-Fracture, Constant-Rate Flow Test With Boundary Effects. (17) LRS Example 6.3 Post-Fracture Pressure-Buildup Test in a Gas Well With a Finite-Conductivity Vertical Fracture. (18) LRS Example 6.5 Analyzing a Post-Fracture Pressure-Buildup Test With Wellbore-Storage Distortion.

Chapter 7 — Interpretation of Well-Test Data in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs

(19) LRS Example 7.1 Analysis of a Buildup Test in a Naturally Fractured Reservoir With Pseudosteady-State Matrix Flow. (20) LRS Example 7.2 Analysis of a Pressure-Buildup Test in Naturally Fractured Reservoir With Transient Matrix Flow.

Chapter 8 — Drillstem Testing and Analysis

(21) LRS Example 8.3 Analysis of DST Flow Data With the Ramey Type Curves. (22) LRS Example 8.7 Analysis of an Impulse Test.

Chapter 9 — Injection-Well Testing

(23) LRS Example 9.4 Falloff Analysis in a Composite System With the Merrill et al. Method.

Chapter 10 — Interference and Pulse Testing

(24) LRS Example 10.1 Interference Test Analysis in an Infinite-Acting, Homogeneous, Isotropic Reservoir (25) LRS Example 10.2 Interference Test Analysis in an Infinite-Acting, Homogeneous, Anisotropic Reservoir

Acronym:

LRS = Lee, W.J., Rollins, J.B., and Spivey, J.P.: Pressure Transient Testing, SPE (2003).

Guidance on Homework Portfolio Assignment: You must submit a SINGLE .pdf file to [email protected] by 24 April 2017. ● You are to write clearly on 8.5" x 11" lined paper or you may type your portfolio. (typing is strongly preferred) ● Your work may include output from computer programs such as MS Excel, but this work must be clearly shown and documented. ● It is suggested that you create a "work file" in MS Word or MS PowerPoint to capture your work, then create a .pdf from this file. ● The standard of submission must be near "publication quality," poor/fair quality work submissions will NOT be accepted. ● Your submission file must be named P648_17A_HwkPort_YOURLASTNAME.pdf.

Note: ● Students ARE permitted to communicate and collaborate — HOWEVER, students ARE NOT permitted to submit shared or copied work. ● Students ARE NOT permitted to use commercial or research software (e.g., Well Test, Pie, PanSystem, Sapphire, etc.) to construct their solutions. ● Using commercial or research software, and/or sharing or copying work will result in a zero (0) score for the Homework Portfolio assignment.


Spring 2017

( of 15)

Petroleum Engineering 648 — Pressure Transient Testing Reading Portfolio Assignment (20 points/50 papers for review)

Spring 2017

Guidelines for Reviewing Technical Literature

Based on the "Reading Portfolio Inventory" given on the next page, you are to create a "Reading Portfolio." The Reading Portfolio is assigned as follows:

● Due date: Monday 17 April 2017 [by 5:00 p.m. (i.e., 16:59:59 US CST)] ● Submission: Submit as a SINGLE .pdf file named: P648_17A_ReadPort_YOURLASTNAME.pdf ● Recipient: Send to [email protected]

It is suggested that the student create an MS Word document as the working document for their Reading Portfolio — however; ONLY a .pdf file will be accepted as the Reading Portfolio submission. Students ARE permitted to communicate and collaborate — HOWEVER, students are not permitted to submit shared or copied work. Shared or copied work will result in a zero (0) score for the Reading Portfolio assignment. Failure to submit the Reading Portfolio will result a zero (0) score for this portion of the student's grade.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Petroleum Engineering 648 — Pressure Transient Testing Reading Portfolio — 1-Page Review

Spring 2017

(Students must use EXACTLY this template format and 9-point "Times New Roman" font must be used for text)

Article Being Reviewed: (give full reference citation)

(example)

Blasingame, T.A. and Lee, W.J.: "Properties of Homogeneous Reservoirs, Naturally Fractured Reservoirs, and Hydraulically Fractured Reservoirs from Decline Curve Analysis," paper SPE 15018 presented at the SPE Permian Basin Oil and Gas Recovery Conference, Midland, TX, 13-14 March 1986.

Review Questions: (All questions must be answered) (… at least 2 bullet points are required for each question)

● What is/are the problem(s) solved?

— Bullet Point 1 — Bullet Point 2 — …

● What are the assumptions and limitations of the solutions/results?


● What are the practical applications of the solutions/results?


● (optional) How could the solutions/results be extended or improved?


● (optional) Are there applications other than those given by the author(s) where the solution(s) could be applied?


____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Guidance on Reading Portfolio Assignment: You must submit a SINGLE .pdf file to [email protected] by 17 April 2017. ● It is suggested that you use MS Word to create your Reading Portfolio, then create a .pdf from this file. ● The purpose of this assignment is to prepare you for the final examination, exam problems will be taken from the reading references. ● Poor/fair quality work submissions will NOT be accepted. ● Your submission file must be named: P648_17A_ReadPort_YOURLASTNAME.pdf

Note: ● Students ARE permitted to communicate and collaborate — HOWEVER, students ARE NOT permitted to submit shared or copied work. ● Sharing or copying work will result in a zero (0) score for the Reading Portfolio assignment.


Spring 2017

( of 15)

Petroleum Engineering 648 — Pressure Transient Testing Reading Portfolio Inventory

Spring 2017

Topic Reference File/Article Module 1 Introductory Materials Petrophysics P648_Mod1_01_Nelson_(Log_Analyst_May_June_1994)_(k_Mdl).pdf

Fluid Properties P648_Mod1_02a_Blasingame_(PVT_Prop_1988)_(PVT).pdf

P648_Mod1_02b_McCain_(SPE_018571)_(PVT).pdf

P648_Mod1_02c_Velarde_(CIM_97_93)_(PVT).pdf Objectives of Well Testing P648_Mod1_03a_Ershagi_(SPE_012305)_(PTA_Pitfalls).pdf

P648_Mod1_03b_Barnum_(SPE_013184)_(PTA_Obj).pdf

P648_Mod1_03c_Ehlig_Economides_(SPE_018594)_(PrsDer).pdf Module 2 Fundamentals of Flow in Porous Media

Material Balance P648_Mod2_01a_Havalena_(JPT_Aug_1963)_(MatBal).pdf

P648_Mod2_01b_Humphreys_(SPE_021514)_(MatBal).pdf

P648_Mod2_01c_Fetkovich_(SPE_022921)_(MatBal).pdf

P648_Mod2_01d_Moran_(SPE_071522)_(MatBal).pdf

P648_Mod2_01e_Pletcher_(SPE_075354)_(MatBal).pdf

Steady-State Flow P648_Mod2_02a_Cornell_(InEngChm_Oct_1953)_(NonDrcFlw).pdf

P648_Mod2_02b_Firoozabadi_(SPE_006827)_(NonDrcFlw).pdf

P648_Mod2_02c_Hawkins_(AIME_Trans_1956)_(SknFac).pdf

Pseudosteady-State Flow P648_Mod2_03a_Dietz_(SPE_001156)_(AvgPrs_PBU).pdf

P648_Mod2_03b_Blasingame_(SPE_015028)_(VarRat_PSS).pdf

Liquid Diffusivity Equation P648_Mod2_04a_Russell_(SPE_001242)_(Gas_Pp).pdf

P648_Mod2_04b_Al_Hussainy_(SPE_001243)_(Gas_Pp).pdf

Gas Diffusivity Equation P648_Mod2_05_Lee_Holditch_(SPE_00988)_(Gas_ta).pdf Module 3 Solutions/Models for Well Test Analysis

Dimensionless Variables — No Assignment —

Radial Flow Solutions P648_Mod3_02_Van_Everdingen_(AIME_Trans_1949)_(Soln).pdf

Convolution and Pressure Buildup Tests P648_Mod3_03a_Horner_(3rd_World_PetCng)_(Intro_PBU).pdf

P648_Mod3_03b_Odeh_(Trans_AIME_1965)_(VarRat_PDD).pdf

P648_Mod3_03c_Van_Everdingen_(SPE_002864)_(VarRat_Prf).pdf

P648_Mod3_03d_Whitson_(SPE_015482)_(VarRat_Prf).pdf

Wellbore Storage P648_Mod3_04_Agarwal_(SPE_002466)_(WBS).pdf Module 4 Well Test Analysis

Analysis of Pressure Buildup Tests P648_Mod4_01a_Meunier_(SPE_013082)_(VarRat_PTA).pdf

P648_Mod4_01b_Banthai_(SPE_027685)_(InjWel_PFO).pdf

P648_Mod4_01c_Zonoozi_(SPE_103204)_(Beta_Derivative).pdf

Model Analysis: Wellbore Storage/Skin P648_Mod4_02_Bourdet_(World_Oil)_(TC_PTA).pdf

Model Analysis: Boundary Effects P648_Mod4_03a_Earlougher_(SPE_001956)_(ResBdy).pdf

P648_Mod4_03b_Buzarde_(MS_TAMU_Aug_1991)_(ResBdy).pdf

Model Analysis: Fractured Wells P648_Mod4_04a_Gringarten_(SPE_004051)_(VrtFrc_IC).pdf

P648_Mod4_04b_Cinco_(SPE_006014)_(VrtFrc_FC).pdf

P648_Mod4_04c_Cinco_(SPE_010179)_(VrtFrc_FC).pdf

P648_Mod4_04d_Lee_Holditch_(SPE_009975)_(GasWel_PTA).pdf

Model Analysis: Naturally-Fractured Reservoirs P648_Mod4_05a_Warren_(Trans_AIME_1963)_(PSS_NF_Mdl).pdf

P648_Mod4_05b_DaPrat_(SPE_013054)_(NF_PTA).pdf

Well Test Design — No Assignment — Module 5 Analysis and Modelling of Production Data

Overview of Production Data Analysis P648_Mod5_01a_Arps_(Trans_AIME_1943)_(Intro_DCA).pdf

P648_Mod5_01b_Fetkovich_(SPE_004629)_(TC_DCA).pdf

P648_Mod5_01c_Fetkovich_(SPE_013169)_(CseHst_DCA).pdf

P648_Mod5_01d_Blasingame_(SPE_015018)_(ResPrp_DCA).pdf

Methods for Production Data Analysis P648_Mod5_02a_Blasingame_(SPE_098042)_(ExpHyp_DCA).pdf

P648_Mod5_02b_Ilk_(SPE_116731)_(PLE_DCA).pdf

Model Analysis: Production Data (various cases) P648_Mod5_03a_Doublet_(SPE_028688)_(RadFlw_RTA).pdf

P648_Mod5_03b_Doublet_(SPE_035205)_(FrcWel_RTA).pdf

P648_Mod5_03c_Agarwal_(SPE_057916)_(FrcWel_RTA).pdf

P648_Mod5_03d_Marhaendrajana_(SPE_071517)__(MltWel_RTA).pdf

P648_Mod5_03e_Pratikno_(SPE_084287)_(FrcWel_RTA).pdf

P648_Mod5_03f_Ilk_(SPE_110187)_(FldApl_RTA).pdf


Spring 2017

( of 15)

Petroleum Engineering 648 — Pressure Transient Testing (Orientation) Final Examination (30 points/6 Problems)

Spring 2017

Orientation

The Final Examination will be assigned by 01 Mar 2017, which will leave approximately 2 months for the completion of these materials.

The Final Examination will consist of pressure transient and production data analysis cases taken from the literature and/or industry sources. All plots and data will be provided, as will the reference from which the case is taken (if applicable). A minimum of 6 problems are planned, where the topical coverage will include:

● (PTA) Pressure transient test analysis for an unfractured oil well in an infinite-acting homogenous reservoir. ● (PTA) Pressure transient test analysis for hydraulically fractured gas wells in an infinite-acting homogenous reservoir. ● (PTA) Pressure transient test analysis for an unfractured oil well in an infinite-acting "naturally fractured" reservoir. ● (DCA/RTA) Production data analysis for an unfractured oil well in a bounded homogenous reservoir (constant pwf case). ● (DCA/RTA) Production data analysis for a hydraulically fractured gas well in a bounded homogenous reservoir (constant pwf case). ● (DCA/RTA) Production data analysis for a hydraulically fractured gas well in a bounded homogenous reservoir (variable pwf case).

The Final Examination is assigned as follows:

● Due date: Monday 01 May 2017 [by 5:00 p.m. (i.e., 16:59:59 US CST)] ● Submission: Submit as a SINGLE .pdf file named: P648_17A_Exam_YOURLASTNAME.pdf ● Recipient: Send to [email protected]

Acronyms:

PTA = Pressure Transient Analysis (i.e., analysis of "time-pressure" transient data) RTA = Rate Transient Analysis (i.e., analysis of "time-rate-pressure" production data) DCA = Decline Curve Analysis (i.e., analysis of "time-rate" production data)


Spring 2017

( of 15)

Petroleum Engineering 648 — Pressure Transient Testing Assignment Coversheet — Required by University Policy

Spring 2017 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Petroleum Engineering Number — Course Title Assignment Number— Assignment Title

Assignment Date — Due Date

Assignment Coversheet

[This sheet (or the sheet provided for a given assignment) must be included with EACH work submission]

Required Academic Integrity Statement: (Texas A&M University Policy Statement)

Academic Integrity Statement

All syllabi shall contain a section that states the Aggie Honor Code and refers the student to the Honor Council Rules and Procedures on the web.

Aggie Honor Code "An Aggie does not lie, cheat, or steal or tolerate those who do."

Upon accepting admission to Texas A&M University, a student immediately assumes a commitment to uphold the Honor Code, to accept responsibility for learning and to follow the philosophy and rules of the Honor System. Students will be required to state their commitment on examinations, research papers, and other academic work. Ignorance of the rules does not exclude any member of the Texas A&M University community from the requirements or the processes of the Honor System. For additional information please visit: www.tamu.edu/aggiehonor/

On all course work, assignments, and examinations at Texas A&M University, the following Honor Pledge shall be preprinted and signed by the student:

"On my honor, as an Aggie, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this academic work."

Aggie Code of Honor:

An Aggie does not lie, cheat, or steal or tolerate those who do.

Required Academic Integrity Statement:

"On my honor, as an Aggie, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this academic work."

_______________________________ (Print your name) _______________________________ (Your signature)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Spring 2017

( of 15)

Petroleum Engineering 648 — Pressure Transient Testing Faculty-Student Contract, General Procedures for Studying, and Motivational Thoughts

Spring 2017

Faculty-Student Contract: (T. Blasingame)

The most important element of your education is your participation. No matter how hard we as faculty try (or don't try) to prepare you to learn, we cannot force you to work. We can only provide examples of how you should perform and we can only evaluate your performance — not your intentions or your personality, nor can we make allowances for your personal problems or your lack of preparation.

We can of course provide some pretty unpleasant alternatives as incentives (e.g., poor grades), but poor grades are a product of only two issues, a lack of subject mastery, or apathy. We as faculty can do much to prepare you for a rewarding career, not only as engineers, but also as productive members of society in whatever capacity you wish to serve. But — we cannot make you care, we cannot make you prepare, and we cannot make you perform — only you can do this.

We have chosen our path in life to help you find yours, we want you to succeed (perhaps sometimes more than you do) and we will do our best to make your education fulfilling and rewarding. As we embark on what will likely be a tedious and challenging experience, we reaffirm our commitment to seeing that you get the most out of your education. When it seems as though we are overbearing taskmasters (and we may well be), remember that we are trying to prepare you for challenges where there is no safety net — and where there may be no second chance.

Our goal is to be your guide — we will treat you with the respect and consideration that you deserve, but you must have the faith to follow, the dedication to prepare, and the determination to succeed — it will be your turn to lead soon enough.

General Procedures for Studying: (Adapted from Arizona State U., 1992)

1. Before each lecture you should read the text carefully, don't just scan topics, but try to resolve sections of the reading into a simple summary of two or three sentences, emphasizing concepts as well as methods.

2. During the lecture take careful notes of what your instructor says and writes, LISTEN to what is being said as well as how it is emphasized. Don't try to be neat, but do try to get every detail you can — think of the lecture as an important story that you will have to tell again later.

3. As soon as possible after the lecture (and certainly the same day), reread the text and your "messy" lecture notes, then rewrite your lecture notes in a clear and neat format — redrawing the figures, filling in missed steps, and reworking examples. You are probably thinking that no one in their right mind would do this—but the secret is that successful students always review and prepare well in advance of exams.

4. Prepare a list of questions or issues that you need clarified, ask your instructor at the start of the next class (so others can benefit) or if you need one-on-one help, see your instructor as soon as possible, do not assume that it will "come to you later."

5. Work one homework problem at a time, without rushing. You are not learning if you are rushing, copying, or scribbling. Spread the problems out in time and write down any questions you have.

6. ASK QUESTIONS. In class, during office hours, ANY chance you get. If you do not understand something you cannot use it to solve problems. It will not come to you by magic. ASK! ASK! ASK!

7. Practice working problems. In addition to assigned problems, work the unassigned ones. Where do you think faculty get exam questions? You should establish a study group and distribute the load — but you should work several of each type of problem that you are assigned.

8. Before a test, you should go over the material covered by preparing an outline of the important material from your notes as well as the text. Then rewrite your outline for the material about which you are not very confident. Review that material, then rewrite the notes for the material about which you are still not confident. Continue until you think that you understand ALL of the material.

9. "Looking over" isn't learning, reading someone else's solution is insufficient to develop your skills, you must prepare in earnest — work lots and lots of problems, old homework, old exams, and study guide questions.

10. Speed on exams is often critical. It is not just a test of what you know, but how well you know it (and how fast you show it). The point is not just to "understand" but to "get it in your bones."

11. Participate in class. The instructor must have feedback to help you. Force the issue if you must, it is your education.

Motivational Thoughts:

Participation: ● Go to class — I can't help you if I don't know you. (Blasingame) ● Use the rule: "3 hours of work outside of class for every 1 hour in class" — do not procrastinate and do not underestimate. (Blasingame) ● The secret of getting ahead is getting started. (Mark Twain)

Anxiety: ● Be anxious about your classes — anxiety is a sign that something is important to you, and anxiety can serve to motivate. (Blasingame) ● Anxiety is the hand maiden of creativity. (T. S. Eliot)

Success: ● No one succeeds by themselves — working alone is both inefficient and ineffective. (Blasingame) ● Success is a state of mind — a willingness to fail is essential to success (and to learning). (Blasingame) ● Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm. (Winston Churchill)

Education: ● Education is the only investment that never loses principal. (Blasingame) ● An investment in knowledge pays the best interest. (Benjamin Franklin) ● Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today. (Malcolm X) ● The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. (Martin Luther King, Jr.)

Leadership: (Blasingame) ● Step 1 — Look/Listen: Pay attention. Being able to focus on what you see, read, and hear is the first step in learning. ● Step 2 — Learn: Master the skill for the task. Some try to take short-cuts or avoid learning critical skills, this leads directly to failure. ● Step 3 — Lead: Leadership is a process that requires both knowledge and personal sacrifice — above all, a true leader serves others.


Spring 2017

( of 15)

Petroleum Engineering 648 — Pressure Transient Testing Instructor and Student Responsibilities

Spring 2017

Instructor Responsibilities

The instructor is responsible for

● A learning environment where students of all skills levels are appropriately challenged. ● Showing respect and consideration to all students. ● Being prepared for class and keeping on schedule with the syllabus. ● Preparing exercises that follow the course objectives. ● Covering the material that will be tested on exams.

The instructor is not responsible for

● Work missed by absent students (unless a University-excused absence is provided to the instructor). ● Poor performance by inattentive or disinterested students. ● Personal issues:

— If you have personal issues that impair your performance in this course, you should discuss these issues with your instructor. — However, your grade is assigned solely on your performance —personal appeals will not influence your grade.

Student Responsibilities

The student is responsible for

● Class attendance. Students must attend all scheduled class meetings. ● Being prepared for class. Always bring your books, course notes, and calculator to each class meeting. ● Being prepared for exams.

— The instructor or TA may choose to review materials prior to exams, but do not rely on this review as your only exam preparation. — You should NOT rely solely on old assignments or old exams for your exam preparation. — The best preparation for exams is to stay current with the class, rework assignments, and get plenty of rest the night before the exam.

● Showing respect and consideration to his classmates and the instructor. — Do not talk excessively with your neighbors during class. — Do not take up class time for discussions with the instructor that should be held outside of class. — Students who disrupt the class will be asked to leave.


Spring 2017

( of 15)

Petroleum Engineering 620 — Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs Required University Statements —Texas A&M University

Spring 2017

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Statement: (Last Revision: 05 November 2015 (http://disability.tamu.edu/facultyguide/syllabus))

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal anti-discrimination statute that provides comprehensive civil rights protection for persons with disabilities. Among other things, this legislation requires that all students with disabilities be guaranteed a learning environment that provides for reasonable accommodation of their disabilities. If you believe you have a disability requiring an accommodation, please contact Disability Services, currently located in the Disability Services building at the Student Services at White Creek complex on west campus or call 979-845-1637. For additional information, visit http://disability.tamu.edu.

Aggie Honor Code: (http://student-rules.tamu.edu/aggiecode)

"An Aggie does not lie, cheat or steal, or tolerate those who do."

The Aggie Code of Honor is an effort to unify the aims of all Texas A&M men and women toward a high code of ethics and personal dignity. For most, living under this code will be no problem, as it asks nothing of a person that is beyond reason. It only calls for honesty and integrity, characteristics that Aggies have always exemplified.

The Aggie Code of Honor functions as a symbol to all Aggies, promoting understanding and loyalty to truth and confidence in each other.

Definitions of Academic Misconduct: (http://library.tamu.edu/services/library_tutorials/academic_integrity/academic_integrity_5.html)

1. CHEATING: Intentionally using or attempting to use unauthorized materials, information, notes, study aids or other devices or materials in any academic exercise.

2. FABRICATION: Making up data or results, and recording or reporting them; submitting fabricated documents.

3. FALSIFICATION: Manipulating research materials, equipment or processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record.

4. MULTIPLE SUBMISSION: Submitting substantial portions of the same work (including oral reports) for credit more than once without authorization from the instructor of the class for which the student submits the work.

5. PLAGIARISM: The appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit.

6. COMPLICITY: Intentionally or knowingly helping, or attempting to help, another to commit an act of academic dishonesty.

7. ABUSE AND MISUSE OF ACCESS AND UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS: Students may not abuse or misuse computer access or gain unauthorized access to information in any academic exercise. See Student Rule 22: http://student-rules.tamu.edu/

8. VIOLATION OF DEPARTMENTAL OR COLLEGE RULES: Students may not violate any announced departmental or college rule relating to academic matters.

9. UNIVERSITY RULES ON RESEARCH: Students involved in conducting research and/or scholarly activities at Texas A&M University must also adhere to standards set forth in the University Rules.

For additional information please see:

http://student-rules.tamu.edu/

Reasons for Academic Honesty: (http://library.tamu.edu/services/library_tutorials/academic_integrity/academic_integrity_5.html)

1. INDIVIDUAL REPUTATION: While acquiring a reputation for academic dishonesty can ruin your reputation with the faculty of the institution, it can also have detrimental effect on your status with your acquaintances and friends.

2. PERSONAL INTEGRITY: The reality that you may have completed a degree program may be tarnished by the knowledge that you did so fraudulently.

3. PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE: You may be called upon to use the specific skills or knowledge that you were supposed to have acquired, but you plagiarized instead.

4. INTRINSIC QUALITY OF DEGREE: You, as a student, are here to learn – how to research, how to write, how to think – and you are paying for the privilege. By plagiarizing, you are, in a very real sense, shortchanging yourself.

5. STATUS OR STANDING OF THE INSTITUTION: Ultimately, the awareness of academic dishonesty, either acknowledged or uncertain, finds its way outside of the University, to other institutions, employers, former students and the world-at-large, affecting the perceived value of the degree and the integrity of the University.

Coursework Copyright Statement: (Texas A&M University Policy Statement)

The handouts used in this course are copyrighted. By "handouts," this means all materials generated for this class, which include but are not limited to syllabi, quizzes, exams, lab problems, in-class materials, review sheets, and additional problem sets. Because these materials are copyrighted, you do not have the right to copy them, unless you are expressly granted permission.

As commonly defined, plagiarism consists of passing off as one's own the ideas, words, writings, etc., that belong to another. In accordance with this definition, you are committing plagiarism if you copy the work of another person and turn it in as your own, even if you should have the permission of that person. Plagiarism is one of the worst academic sins, for the plagiarist destroys the trust among colleagues without which research cannot be safely communicated.

If you have any questions about plagiarism and/or copying, please consult the latest issue of the Texas A&M University Student Rules, under the section "Scholastic Dishonesty."


Spring 2017

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Petroleum Engineering 648 — Pressure Transient Testing 2004 ABET Course Review Information — Petroleum Engineering 324 (Spring 2009)

Comparison of EXPECTATIONS for UNDERGRADUATE student competencies (for reference only).

Specific Course Objectives Learning Outcome Program Outcome 1. Describe the concepts of porosity and

permeability and be able to relate their respective influences on fluid flow in porous media.

Describe the relationships of porosity and permeability and explain the influence of each parameter on reservoir flow behavior.

17. Competency in characterization and evaluation of subsurface geological formations and their resources using geoscientific and engineering methods.

2. Estimate oil, gas, and water properties pertinent for well test or production data analysis using industry accepted correlations and/or laboratory data.

Demonstrate the ability to estimate/calculate and plot the various fluid property variables as functions of pressure. Also demonstrate an understanding of laboratory data.

15. Competency in mathematics through differential equations, probability and statistics, fluid mechanics, strength of materials, and thermodynamics.

3. Sketch pressure—time and pressure— distance trends for a reservoir system which exhibits transient, pseudosteady-state, and steady-state flow behavior.

Demonstrate via hand and/or computer plots (as appropriate) the graphical relations for pressure, distance, and time — for the pre-scribed flow regimes.

11. An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice.

4. Derive the material balance relations for a slightly compressible liquid (oil), as well as the material balance relations for a dry gas.

Demonstrate the derivation and application of the common material balance relations. Demonstrate use of field data.

19. Competency in application of reservoir engineering principles and practices for optimizing resource development and management.

5. Derive the steady-state flow equations for horizontal linear and radial flow of liquids and gases (including the pseudopressure and pressure-squared forms).

Demonstrate the derivation and application of the prescribed relations. Describe the applicability of each solution, and explain the influence of "non-Darcy" effects.


6. Develop and apply relations for pseudo-steady-state flow in a black oil or dry gas reservoir system.

Demonstrate the derivation, application, and interpretation of pseudosteady-state flow relations — black oil and dry gas systems.


7. Derive the "skin factor" variable from the steady-state flow equation and be able to describe the conditions of damage and stimulation using this skin factor.

Demonstrate the calculation of the skin factor using the steady-state flow model. Explain extensions of the general "skin factor" concept for transient radial flow behavior.

16. Competency in design and analysis of well systems and procedures for drilling and completing wells.

8. Develop and apply inflow performance relations (IPRs) for black-oil and gas condensate reservoir systems.

Demonstrate the derivation/development and application of IPR functions. Estimate/predict the flowrate at some future time.


9. Derive and manipulate the diffusivity equations for the radial and linear flow of single and multiphase fluids (liquids and gases) through porous media.

Demonstrate an understanding of the basic relations for mass continuity and motion — derive the diffusivity relations for the liquid and dry gas cases (all details).


10. Define and use dimensionless variables and dimensionless solutions to illustrate and/or predict the generic performance of a particular reservoir model.

Explain the rationale for using dimensionless variables and demonstrate the derivation of dimensionless variables for the transient radial flow case.

5. An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems.

11. Develop the analysis and interpretation methodologies (i.e., "conventional" plots and type curve analysis) for pressure tests (for oil, gas, and multiphase flow).

Demonstrate the development, construction, and application of specialized Cartesian, semi-log, and log-log plots used for "conventional" well test analysis.

19. Competency in application of reservoir engineering principles and practices foroptimizing resource development and management.

12. Apply dimensionless solutions ("type curves") and field variable solutions ("specialized plots") for constant rate behavior in an infinite-acting homogeneous reservoir

Demonstrate the construction and application of "type curves" (dimensionless solutions) for the analysis of pressure transient test data (log-log plot format)


13. Define and apply the pseudopressure and pseudotime concepts for the analysis of well test and production data from dry gas and solution-gas drive oil reservoir systems.

Demonstrate the appropriate use of the pseudopressure and pseudotime transformations for analysis of well test and production data. The gas case must be demonstrated via analysis of field data.


14. Design and implement a well test sequence, as well as a long-term production/injection surveillance program.

Demonstrate the proper design of a well test sequence using currently accepted practices and equipment.

2. An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data.

15. Analyze production data to obtain reservoir volume and estimates of reservoir properties — the student should also be able to make performance forecasts.

Demonstrate the estimation of reservoir properties using "decline curve" techniques — and be able to estimate/extrapolate future performance using simplified rate models.


16. Analyze and interpret deliverability test data.

Demonstrate the analysis of "4-point" and "isochronal" production test data using current techniques.


17. Demonstrate the capability to integrate, analyze, and interpret well test and production data to characterize a reservoir in terms of reservoir properties and performance potential (field study project).

Provide an example case of a "performance-based reservoir characterization" — specifically the integration of well performance, well completion, geological, and petrophysical data.

21. An ability to deal with the high level of uncertainty in petroleum reservoir problems in problem definition and solution.


Spring 2017

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Petroleum Engineering 648 — Pressure Transient Testing End-of-Course Assessment Form — Petroleum Engineering 324 (Spring 2009)

Guidance Document for Self-Evaluation [part of (undergraduate) ABET Assessment] (for reference only). ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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petroleum engineering 648 — pressure transient testing · 2017. 1. 20. · petroleum engineering...

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