ph intro sathya

7/29/2019 PH Intro Sathya

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Public Health Theory

AndConvictions And Their Application In

AYUSH

Dr Sathyanarayana,

Feb 2013

[email protected]


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www.yhtphn.co.uk/win

Ground Rules!

Listen to others and value the diversity of opinions in thegroup

Be constructive

Value the differences; there are no rights or wrongs, nogood or bad Be open and honest Keep to agreed time, especially start and finish Mobile phones!


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The Public Health SystemUrban

Home Health

Parks

Economic

Development

Mass Transit

Employers

Nursing

Homes

Mental

Health

Drug

Treatment

Civic GroupsCHCs

Laboratory

Facilities

Hospitals

EMS Community

Centers

Doctors

Health

Department

Ch

urches

Philanthropist

Elected

Officials

Tribal Health

Schools

Police

Fire

Correc

tions

EnvironmentalHealth


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Core Components

ASSESSMENT

of the health ofthe community

ASSURANCE

of the publicshealth

POLICY

DEVELOPMENT

in the publics

interest


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Public Health Approach

Public Health

Model

Medical

ModelVersus


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Public health vs Clinical health

Public Health Clinical Health

Population Individual

Health Disease

Prevention and HealthPromotion

Diagnosis andTreatment


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Determinants of Health


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Determinants of Health

Genetic

Behavioral Social

Environmental

Personalhealth care


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Achievements

Vaccination

Safer Workplaces

Safer & Healthier Food

Motor Vehicle Safety


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Achievements

Control of InfectiousDiseases

Family Planning

Decline in Deaths fromHeart Disease & Stroke


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Achievements

Recognition of Tobacco

Use as a Health Hazard

Healthier Mothers

and Babies

Fluoridation of Drinking

Water


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PUBLIC HEALTH

THE PAST

&

THE FUTURE


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3 Predominant models ofhealth

Biomedical model

Traditional/Lay model ofhealth

Social model of health


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Medical Model of Health

The absence of disease and illness

Medical treatment can restore health


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Traditional/Lay concepts of

health Health is a positive concept Differs depending on e.g. age, culture,

ethnicityExample 1- .Older people - wholeness, inner strength & abilityto cope.Example 2 - Young people fitness, energy & strengthExample 3 - Middle class vs working class


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Social Model of Health Dahlgren &WhiteheadSocial Ecological Theory

Age, sex andconstitutional

factors

Agriculture

and foodproduction

Education

Work

environment

Living and workingconditions

Unemployment

Water &sanitation

Health careservices

Housing


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PUBLIC HEALTH


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PUBLIC HEALTH

DEFINITIONSPublic health is the Science and Art of preventing disease,prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency throughorganized community effort.

(C.E.A. Winslow, 1920)


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PUBLIC HEALTH

DEFINITIONS

Public health is what we, as a

society, do collectively to assure

the conditions in which people

can be healthy.

The Future of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, 1988


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Public health is the Science and Art of preventing disease,prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency throughorganized community effort for sanitation of the environment,

the control of communicable disease, the education of theindividuals in personal hygiene, the organization of medical andnursing services for early diagnosis and preventive treatment ofdisease, and the development of the social machinery to insureeveryone a standard of living adequate for maintenance of

health, so organizing these benefit as to enable every citizen torealize his birthright of health and longevity.

(C.E.A. Winslow, 1920)

Public health is what we, as a society, do collectively to assure theconditions in which people can be healthy.

The Future of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, 1988


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THE PUBLIC HEALTH PRINCIPLES

The principle of the Aggregate

The Principle of Prevention

The Principle of Community Organization

The Principle of the Greater Good

The Principle of LeadershipThe Principle of Epidemiology


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1. The principle of the

Aggregate


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2. The Principle of Prevention


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SMOKING

PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY

EDUCATION &

ORDINANCING

SO INDIVIDUALS

DO NOT BEGIN

TO SMOKE

QUIT

SMOKING

CLASSES

ASSURING

THERE ARE

SERVICES TO

CARE FOR

PEOPLEWITH COPD

DUE TO A

LONG


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3. The Principle ofCommunity Organization


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4. The Principle of the GreaterGood


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5. The Principle ofLeadership


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LEADERSHIPDOING WHAT OTHERS

WONT DO.


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6. The Principle ofEpidemiology


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EPIDEMIOLOGY The systematic, objective study of the

natural history of disease. Withinpopulations and the factors that

determine the spread of disease.

Distribution and determinants of

disease/risk factors in a defined

population


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THE PUBLIC HEALTH

PRINCIPLESThe principle of the Aggregate

The Principle of Prevention

The Principle of Community

Organization

The Principle of the Greater GoodThe Principle of Leadership

The Principle of Epidemiology


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If the mission of public

health is to flourish, a

shift in values toward a

more community oriented

sense of common purpose

will need to take place.


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Move forward toward:

COMMUNITY HEALTH

PARTNERSHIPSTOWARD A NEW

PUBLIC HEALTH

PRACTICE


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Essential Public Health

Functions Assure a competent public health care

workforce.

Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, andquality of personal and population-based

health services.

Research for new insights and innovativesolutions to health problems.


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Define the health problem.

Identify risk factors associated with

the problem.

Develop and test community-level

interventions to control or preventthe cause or the problem.


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Implement interventions to improve

the health of the population.

Monitor those interventions to assess

their effectiveness.

P bli I l t ti


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PublicHealth

Approach

Problem Response

Surveillance:Whatis the

problem?

Risk FactorIdentification:

What is thecause?

Intervention

Evaluation:What

works?

Implementation:How do you

do it?


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Requires the collection, analysis, and

interpretation of data to define the

problem and outline: What

Where

When

Who

How


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Requires a determination of:

Preventable or not preventable

Controllable or not controllable

Priority

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