pharmaceutico analytical study of jīvantyādi...

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Pharmaceutico Analytical Study of Jīvantyādi Yamaka

M.V.R. Wijayanthamala 1 Sanjay Kumar 2 Sarvesh Kumar Sing 3

A b s t r a c t

Introduction: General meaning of standardization is to change them so that they all have the same features.

According to raw materials and finished product consent standardization means numerical value or specific

property that quantifies the purity and quality of drugs and formulated medicine. Through this process can

be provided standard parameters to assess the quality, safety and efficacy of raw materials, in process and

finished product. In the field of Ayurveda already available classical references related to parameters which

are proved quality, safety and efficacy as per technique at the same time. In addition modern parameters

for the same purpose should be adopted for the global acceptance to Ayurvedic medicine. Hence here in

study was planned to developed standardization parameters for Jīvantyādi Yamaka as per modern tech-

nique and revalidated classical parameters for the same. Jīvantyādi Yamaka (Ghee and oil preparation) is

the safety and efficacy external application which is used in the management of Ekakuṣṭa (Psoriasis).

Material and methods: To full fill the above standardization aim of the preset study all the parameters were

taken according to “Protocol of testing ASU medicine” published by Govt. of India Dept. of AYUSH, Ministry

of health and family welfare. Physical characters, Physico-chemical analysis, HPTLC, Heavy metals, etc

parameters were used for analysis of three sample of test drug which were prepared by same procedure.

Results & discussion: Three samples of Jīvantyādi Yamaka (JY1/ JY2/ JY3) were shown all most same char-

acteristics and figures relating Organoleptic observations as well as physico-chemical parameters such as

specific gravity, Loss on drying, Acid value, Iodine value, Saponification value, Ester value, HPTLC profile

and Heavy metals test. It was proofed the same features of three samples that means standardization.

Presence of low amount of mean moisture content of JY (0.525%) is leading to decrease rancidity and

enhance the shelf life and therapeutic value of the same. Mean acid value 2.7, mean iodine value 1.8,

mean saponification value 109.8, mean ester value 107.01 these all figures were shown low free fatty

acids presence in the samples that refers to less rancidity as well as enhance the shelf life and therapeutic

value. Heavy metal test was shown within limit results which refers safety profile of the samples.

Keywords: Standardization, Yamaka Sneha, Organoleptic, Physico-chemical

1 P G Scholar, 2 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Rasashastra and BhaishajyaKalpana, 3 Lecturer, Dept. of

Panchakarma, National institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan.

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR

Dr. M.V.R.WIJAYANTHAMALA

PG Scholar, Dept. of Rasashastra and BhaishajyaKalpana,

National institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Pin code-302002 Email: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Wijayanthamala et al.: Pharmaceutico Analytical Study of Jīvantyādi Yamaka

INTRODUCTION

ruitfulness of treatment depends on the good quali-

ties Cikitsaka, properly prepared medicine, and ex-

perienced Paricāraka and treatment tolerable pa-

tient. Properly prepared Auṣadha is an important branch

among those quadruple. Several Upakalpana come into

existence on the bases of main five Kalpana Viz. Swa-

rasa Kalka, Śruta, Śīta, Phantha. Sneha Kalpana (under

Yamaka Pāka – Jīvantyādi Yamaka) is one of them which

were selected in this study. Preparation of Jīvantyādi

Yamaka also were not mere the Taila Pāka. There were

lengthy procedures such as Ghrita Mūrchana, Nimba

Taila Mūrchana, Tuttha Śodhana, Kampillaka Śodhana,

Arka kṣīra Śodhana, Yamaka Pāka and adding

Prakṣepa Dravya etc. General meaning of standardiza-

tion is to change them so that they all have the same fea-

tures. According to raw materials and finished product

consent standardization means numerical value or spe-

cific property that quantifies the purity and quality of

drugs and formulated medicine. Through this process can

be provided standard parameters to assess the quality,

safety and efficacy of raw materials, in process and fin-

ished product. In the field of Ayurveda already available

classical references related to parameters which are

proved quality, safety and efficacy as per technique at

the same time. In addition modern parameters for the

same purpose should be adopted for the global ac-

ceptance to Ayurvedic medicine. Hence here in study

was planned to developed standardization parameters

for Jīvantyādi Yamaka as per modern technique and re-

validated classical parameters for the same. Jīvantyādi

Yamaka (Ghee and oil preparation) is the safety and ef-

ficacy external application which is used in the manage-

ment of Ekakuṣṭa (Psoriasis).

OBJECTIVES

To develop standard operative procedure for Jīvantyādi

Yamaka.

To find out the difficulties in the preparation.

To find out the ways this can be adopted to minimize the

loss.

To standardize the heating temperature range and finish

product.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Raw materials were procured from NIA pharmacy and

the pharmaceutical study carried out in drug manufactur-

ing laboratory of the Department of Rasa Shastra and

Bhaishajya Kalpana, NIA, Jaipur with following steps.

1) 3 samples of Ghrita Mūrchana

2) 3 samples of Nimba Taila Mūrchana

3) Tuttha Śodhana

4) Kampillaka Śodhana

5) Arka Kṣīra Śodhana

6) 3 samples of Jīvantyādi Yamaka Pāka

Practical No: 1

Goghrita Mūrchana [i]

Three samples of Goghrita were subjected to Mūrchana

process by same procedure named as GM1/GM2/GM3.

Materials

Table No: 1 showing ingredients of Ghrita Mūrchana.

S.

No

Name of the

drugs Part used Quantity (g)

1 Goghruta - 2300.00 1 part

2 Harītaki Fruit bark 95.83

¼

part

3 Vibhītaki Fruit bark 95.83

4 Āmalaki Fruit bark 95.83

5 Musta Rhizome 95.83

6 Haridra Rhizome 95.83

7 Mātulunga

Swarasa Fruit juice 95.83

8 Water - 9200.00 4 part

Procedure

Drugs from 2 – 6 were cleaned properly and made into

fine powder form then added Mātulunga Swarasa mixed

properly, finally added water till the mixture become

Kalka form. Prepared Kalka was kept for some time.

Above mentioned quantity of Goghrita was taken into a

stainless steel vessel and heated over mild heat till it be-

come moisture free. At that time Goghrita showed disap-

pearance of foam and sounds at 130˚C temperature.

Once moisture was removed the vessel containing Gogh-rita was taken out from the heat and allowed to cool at

a temperature around 70˚C, then added prepared Kalka

little by little and stirred well, after that again heated with

water in the above mentioned quantity.

The heating process was continued till Sneha Siddhi

Lakṣaṇa appeared with intermittent stirring on 1st and 2nd

day and continuous stirring on 3rd day.

After complete appearance of Sneha Siddhi Lakṣaṇa the

vessel was taken out from the heat and then filtered

through cotton cloth to another stainless steel vessel at

that time temperature was 70˚C.

Remaining Kalka part was shifted to filter press and

squeezed. The oil obtained after squeezing was tested

for moisture and added to the bulk.

Then the some quantity of water was added to the Kalka

and it was heated for half an hour, removed from fire,

F


then kept for 4 hours undisturbed. Then the upper portion

was separated and shifted to separating funnel. The oil

which appeared as a layer on the top was separated.

To ensure it moisture free it was heated for a while and

added to the bulk.

Final product was stored in a clean dry glass jar after

cooling.

Above same procedure were conducted in 3 samples of

Goghrita Mūrchana.

Results: Table No: 2 showing organoleptic characters of 3 sam-

ples of Goghrita before and after Mūrchana.

S.

No

Organolep-

tic charac-

ter

Before

Mūrchana

After

Mūrchana

1 Colour Light yellow Dark yellow

2 Odour Characteristic

of Goghrita

Characteristic of

Kalka dravya spe-

cially Haridra

3 Taste Madhura Madhura & Kaṣāya

4 Consistency Semisolid Semisolid

5 Appear-

ance Oily Oily

Table No: 3 showing Sneha Siddhi Lakṣaṇa [vii & viii] of

GM1, GM2 and GM3.

S.

No Sneha Siddhi Lakṣaṇa Goghrita Kalka

1 Śabda Hīno Agni Nikṣipta + +

2 Phenaśānti + -

3 Gandha Varṇa Rasotpatti + -

4 Sanyav Eva Niryāse - +

5 Madhye Darvi Vimunchati - +

6 Vartivat Kalka - +

Table No: 4 showing the weight loss of Goghrita after Mūrchana

Name of the

sample

Initial weight of

Goghrita (g)

Weight of Mūrchita

Goghrita (g)

Loss of

weight (g) % of loss

Mean % of

loss

GM1 2300 2190 110 4.78 %

4.88 % GM2 2300 2188 112 4.86 %

GM3 2300 2185 115 5 %

Practical No: 2

Nimba Taila Mūrchana [ii]

Three samples of Nimba Taila were subjected to Mūrchana process by same procedure named as NM1/NM2/NM3.

Materials:

Table No: 4 showing ingredients of Nimba Taila Mūrchana per one sample.

S. No Name of the drugs Used parts Quantity (g) Proportion

1 Nimba Taila Seed oil 2300 1 part

2 Manjiṣtha Dried stem 143.75 1 /16 Part of Sneha

3 Harītaki Dried fruit bark 35.93

¼ part of Manjistha each

4 Vibhītaki Dried fruit bark 35.93

5 Āmalaki Dried fruit bark 35.93

6 Musta Dried rhizome 35.93

7 Haridra Dried rhizome 35.93

8 Hrivera Root 35.93

9 Lodhra Dried bark 35.93

10 Twak Dried bark 35.93

11 Vatapraroha Fresh tender leaves 35.93

12 Water - 9200 4 part


Procedure

2nd – 10th drugs were cleaned properly and made into

fine powder form and fresh Vatapraroha was made into

a Kalka form with the help of Khalva Yantra then both

were mixed properly and finally added to water till the

mixture become Kalka form. Prepared Kalka was kept for

some time.

Above mentioned quantity of Nimba Taila was taken into

a stainless steel vessel and heated over mild heat till it

become moisture free. At that time Nimba Taila was

shown disappearance of sounds on 130˚C temperature.

The vessel containing Nimba Taila taken out from the

heat and allowed to cool temperature around 70˚C, then

added prepared Kalka little by little and stirred well, after

that again heated by adding mentioned water quantity.


Lakṣaṇa appeared with intermittent stirring on 1st and 2nd

day and continuous stirring on 3rd day.




that time temperature was 70˚C.

Remaining Kalka portion was shifted to filter press and

the oil which was remaining with Kalka was squeezed

and tested for moisture and added to the bulk.

Then the water was added to the Kalka and heated for

half an hour and kept undisturbed for 4 hours. Then up-

per oily layer was separated and shifted to separating

funnel. It was kept for some time, oil layer was collected.

To ensure moisture free the separated oil was heated,

then tested for moisture and added to the bulk.

Final product was stored in a clean dry glass jar after

cooling.

Above same procedure were conducted in 3 samples of

Nimba Taila Mūrchana.

Results :

Table No: 5 showing organoleptic characters of 3 samples of Nimba Taila before and after Mūrchana.

S. No Organoleptic character Before Mūrchana After Mūrchana

1 Colour Brown Dark brown

2 Odour Characteristic of Nimba Taila Characteristic of Nimba Taila & Kalka dravya.

3 Taste Tikta Tikta & Kaṣāya

4 Consistency Thick liquid Thick liquid

5 Appearance Oily Oily

Table No: 6 Showing Sneha Siddhi Lakṣaṇa [vii & viii] of NM1/NM2/NM3.

S. No Sneha Siddhi Lakṣaṇa Nimba Taila Kalka


2 Phenodgama + -






Table No: 7 showing the weight loss of Nimba Taila after Mūrchana

Name of the

sample

Initial weight of

Nimba Taila (g)

Weight of Mūrchita

Nimba Taila (g)

Loss of

weight (g)

% of

loss

Mean % of

loss

NM1 2300 2159 141 6.13 %

5.35 % NM2 2300 2180 120 5.21 %

NM3 2300 2191 109 4.73%

Practical No: 3

TUTTHA ŚODHANA [iii]

Materials

Procedure

Aśuddha Tuttha 700g was taken into a Khalva Yantra

and made into a fine powder then added Nimbu Swa-

rasa 400 ml (till it become wet) after that grinding was

carried out till it become dry.

Total three Bhāvana were given to Aśuddha Tuttha fol-

lowing above same procedure, finally dried and pow-

dered then kept in a glass jar.

Weight was recorded after every Bhāvana process

Results:

Table No: 8 showing organoleptic characters of Tuttha

before and after Śodhana.

S.

No

Organoleptic

character

Aśuddha

Tuttha

Śuddha

Tuttha

1 Colour Bright blue Light blue

2 Odour No specific

odour

Characteris-

tic of Nimbu

3 Consistency Hard Soft

4 Appearance Stony Granular

form

Table No: 9 showing weight gain in the Tuttha Śodhana

S.

N

o

Initial

weig

ht of

Tut-

tha

After

1st

Bhāvan

a

After

2nd

Bhāvan

a

Af-

terv3rd

Bhāvan

a

Total

weig

ht

gain

% of

weig

ht

gain

1 700g 712g 725g 738g 38g 5.42

%

Practical No: 4

KAMPILLAKA ŚODHANA [iv]

Materials

Ashuddha Kampillaka - 3 Kg

Water - As per requirement

Procedure

Kampillaka was taken in a stainless steel tray and re-

moved physical impurities such as parts of leaves, stems,

sand particles etc.

Clean water was kept in the stainless steel vessel then

little by little Kampillaka added to it, stirred well and kept

for some times.

The floating materials was separated with the help of tea

filter, kept in a tray and dried in shade finally stored in a

clean glass jar.

The sunken material was discarded.

Aśuddha Tuttha 700g

Nimbu Swarasa 400ml × 3 = 1200ml


Results

Table No: 10 showing results of Kampillaka Shodhana

S.

No

Initial weight

of

Kampillaka

Weight of

Kampillaka af-

ter śodhana

% of ob-

tained

Kampillaka

1. 3 Kg 746 g 24.86 %

Practical No: 5

ARKA KṢĪRA ŚODHANA [v]

Three samples of Arka kṣīra were subjected to Śodhana

process, named as AKS1, AKS2, and AKS3.

Materials

1. Arka Kṣīra 200g × 3 = 600g

2. Ardraka Swarasa 200g × 3 = 600g

Procedure

Arka Kṣīra was collected freshly from NIA herbal garden

at 6.00a.m then filtered through cotton cloth. Ardraka

was cleaned properly and removed outer covering

crushed in Khalva Yantra then squeezed Swarasa, finally

filtered through cotton cloth. A small size stainless steel

vessel was taken, put Arka Kṣīra then heated in water

bath till it become warm then added Ardraka Swarasa

mixed properly and heated till evaporates water content.

After evaporation of water content the mixture was re-

moved from water bath and then used.

Results:

Table No: 11 showing results of Arka Kṣīra Śodhana

Sample

name

Initial

weight of

Arka Kṣīra

(g)

Initial weight

of Ardhraka

Swarasa (g)

Weight of ob-

tained Śo-

dhita Arka

Kṣīra (g)

AKS1 200 200 220

AKS2 200 200 219

AKS3 200 200 221

Practical No: 6

JĪVANTYĀDI YAMAKA PĀKA [vi & vii]

Three samples of Jīvantyādi Yamaka were prepared by

same procedure named as JY1, JY2 and JY3.

Table No: 12 showing the time factor of the prepara-

tion of 3 samples of Jīvantyādi Yamaka

Time factor JY1 JY2 JY3

Date of

starting 12/ 03/ 2015 18/ 03/ 2015 06/ 04/ 2015

Date of

completion 17/ 03/ 2015 23/ 03/ 2015 11/ 04/ 2015

Materials

Table No: 13 showing ingredients of Jīvantyādi

Yamaka per one sample.

S.

No

Name of the

drugs

Part of

use Quantity

1 Mūrchita

Goghruta -

2.160

Kg 1

part 2

Mūrchita

Nimba Taila -

2.160

Kg

3 Jeevantyadi

Curna

Whole

plant 216 g

¼

part

4 Manjistha

Curna Stem 216 g

5 Daruharidra

Curna Stem 216 g

6 Śuddha

Kampillaka

Phala

Raja 216 g

7 Śuddha Arka

Kṣīra Latex 216 g

8 Water - 17.280

Litre

4

part

Procedure

3 – 6 drugs were cleaned properly and made into fine

powder form then added Śuddha Arka Kṣīra mixed

properly finally added water till the mixture become

Kalka form. Prepared Kalka was kept for some time.

Above mentioned quantity of Mūrchita Goghrita and

Mūrchita Nimba Taila (Yamaka Sneha) was taken into a

stainless steel vessel and heated over mild heat till it be-

come moisture free. At that time Yamaka Sneha showed

disappearance of sounds at 120˚C temperature.

The vessel containing Yamaka Sneha was taken out from

the heat and allowed to cool at a temperature around

70˚c, then added prepared Kalka little by little and


stirred well, and again heated by adding the required

water quantity.


Lakṣaṇa appeared with intermittent stirring on 1st to 4th

days and continuous stirring on 5th to 6th day.




that time temperature was 70˚c.

Remaining Kalka portion was shifted to filter press and

the Yamaka Sneha which was remaining with Kalka was

squeezed .It was tested for moisture and added to the

bulk.

Then the water was added to the Kalka and boiled half

an hour and removed from fire. It was kept undisturbed

for 4 hours then upper portion was separated and

shifted to separating funnel .The upper oily layer was

collected. Yamaka

To ensure that the oil thus collected is moisture free it was

heated again to remove the water content.

Final product was stored in a clean dry stainless steel

vessel.

Sarja Rasa was made into a powder form and filtered

through cotton cloth weighed the amount as 1/16 part

of Sneha then added to filtered Yamaka Sneha heated

with stirring till it melted totally, and filtered again.

Madhucchhistha was heated till it melted filtered through

cotton cloth and measured same weight of Sarja Rasa

then added to the above mixture and stirred properly.

Śodhita Tuttha was added the same weight of each Kalka

Dravya, to this sticky thick Yamaka Sneha and mixed ho-

mogenously.

Final product was stored in a clean dry glass jar and

labeled accordingly.

Above same procedure was conducted in 3 samples of

Jīvantyādi Yamaka.

Results

Table No: 14 showing organoleptic characters of 3 samples of Jīvantyādi Yamaka

S. No Organoleptic character JY1/JY2/JY3

1 Colour Dark brown

2 Odour Characteristic of Nimba oil

3 Taste Tikta, Kaṣāya, Madhura

4 Consistency Semisolid

5 Appearance Oily

Table No: 15 showing Sneha Siddhi Lakṣaṇa of JY1, JY2 and JY3.

S. No Sneha Siddhi Lakṣaṇa Yamaka Sneha Kalka


2 Phenodgama + -





Table No: 16 showing the weight loss of 3 samples of Jīvantyādi Yamaka

Name of

the sam-

ple

Initial weight of

Mūrchita

Yamaka Sneha (Kg)

Weight of obtained

Jīvantyādi Yamaka (Kg)

Loss of

weight (g)

% of

loss

Mean %

of loss

JY1 4.320 4.118 202 4.67 %

4.84 % JY2 4.320 4.108 212 4.90%

JY3 4.320 4.105 215 4.97 %


Table No: 17 showing weight changes of after adding Prakshepa Dravya

Sample

Name

Initial

weight

of JY

(Kg)

Prakshepa Dravaya (g) Expected

total weight

(Kg)

Obtained to-

tal weight

(Kg)

Loss of

weight

(g)

% of

loss

Sarja

Rasa

Madhuch-

chistha

Śuddha

Tuttha

JY1 4.118 257.37 257.37 216 4.848 4.844 4.19 0.10

JY2 4.108 256.75 256.75 216 4.837 4.833 4.00 0.09

JY3 4.105 256.56 256.56 216 4.834 4.829 4.50 0.10

ANALYTICAL STUDY

Success in a pharmaceutical study can be confirmed

through assessing effectiveness in clinical study as well

as results of Analytical study. The meaning of the term

analysis is the detailed examination, which reveals the

minor but important aspects regarding the drug. Analyti-

cal chemistry is one of the most important disciplines of

the science which deals with qualitative and quantitative

analysis of various substances, it is essential to standard-

ize the drug and examine the quality and safety of the

drug. For that purpose some analytical test are performed

and their results are compared with standard parame-

ters. Analytical study provides idea about quality of finish

product and safety profiles the same on the basis of sci-

entific background. Hence without analytical study of the

drug, the research which was related to medicinal field

is incomplete. The finish product which was followed

standard operative procedure will leads to qualitatively

and quantitatively fruitful outcome. For that raw drugs of

the selected formula should be subjected to different pro-

cedure such as Agni Samskāra, Jala Samskāra,

Bhāvana, Śodhana, Marana, etc. Among the main and

important aims of conducted analytical study are to as-

sess chemical configuration and the physico chemical

changes which occurred after Samskāra in the finish

product. It is complicated work to analyze and standard-

ize the herbal and herbo-mineral formulations due to

presence of more active principals with them.

At the time of ancient the Ayurvedic science was devel-

oped analytical parameters according to available facil-

ities at the same time such as organoleptic test Viz. Sneha

Siddhi Lakṣaṇa, Avaleha Pāka Lakṣaṇa, Bhasma

Pareeksha. In the present Analytical study is plan to de-

veloped analytical parameters for Jīvantyādi Yamaka ac-

cording to classical and modern methodology.

ANALYTICAL STUDY OF JĪVANTYĀDI YAMAKA

Aim and Objectives

To analyze 3 samples of Jīvantyādi Yamaka on classical

and modern parameters.

To standardize the in process and finished product of

Jīvantyādi Yamaka.

Materials

1. Goghrita before Mūrchana.

2. Goghrita after Mūrchana.

3. Nimba Taila before Mūrchana.

4. Nimba Taila after Mūrchana.

5. 3 samples of Jīvantyādi Yamaka (JY1/ JY2/ JY3).

Methods:

Evaluation parameters

Organoleptic parameters

(a). Colour (e). Touch

(b). Taste (d). Clarity

(c). Odour

(d). Appearance

Physico-chemical parameters

(a). Specific gravity

(b). Refractive index

Physico-chemical parameters

(a). Loss on drying at 105˚c (e). Ester value

(b). Acid value (f). HPTLC

(c). Iodine value (g). Test for heavy metals

(d). Saponification value


OBSERVATIONS

Table No. 18: Organoleptic examination of following samples.

S.

No

Organoleptic

parameter Amūrchita Goghrita Mūrchita Goghrita

Amūrchita Nimba

Taila Mūrchita Nimba Taila

1 Odour Characteristic of

Goghrita

Characteristic of Gogh-

rita and Kalka Dravya

Characteristic of

Nimba Taila

Characteristic of Nimba Taila

and Kalka Dravya

2 Colour Yellow Dark yellow Brown Dark brown

3 Taste Madhura Madhura & Kaṣāya Tikta Tikta and Kaṣāya

4 Touch Mrudu, Snigdha Mrudu, Snigdha Mrudu, Snigdha Mrudu, Snigdha

5 Appearance Oily Oily Oily Oily

6 Clarity Translucent Translucent Opaque Opaque

Table No. 19: Organoleptic examinations of 3 samples of Jīvantyādi Yamaka.

S.

No

Organoleptic pa-

rameter JY1 JY2 JY3

1 Odour Characteristic of Nimba Taila &

Kalka drvya

Characteristic of Nimba Taila &

Kalka drvya

Characteristic of Nibmba Taila

& Kalka drvya

2 Colour Dark brown Dark brown Dark brown

3 Taste Tikta & Kaṣāya Tikta & Kaṣāya Tikta & Kaṣāya

4 Touch Mrudu & Snigdha Mrudu & Snigdha Mrudu & Snigdha

5 Appearance Oily, Semisolid Oily, Semisolid Oily, Semisolid

6 Clarity Opaque Opaque Opaque

RESULTS

Table No. 20: Readings of both specific gravity[vii] and

refractive index [ix].

Sample name Mean specific

gravity

Mean refractive

index

Amurcchita

Ghrita 0.9212 1.432

Murcchita Ghrita 0.9442 1.443

Amurcchita

Neem oil 0.9080 1.441

Murcchita Neem

oil 0.9212 1.452

Sample name Specific gravity Refractive index

JY1 0.9821 1.473

JY2 0.9824 1.476

JY3 0.9818 1.475

Table No. 21: Moisture content of 3 samples of JY[x].

Parameter JY1 JY2 JY3

Loss on

drying

0.495%

w/w

0.521%

w/w

0.564%

w/w

Table No. 22: Acid value of 3 samples of Jīvantyādi

Yamalka [xi]


Acid value 2.26 2.89 3.21

Table No. 23: Iodine value[xii] of 3 samples of

Jīvantyādi Yamaka


Iodine

value 1.09 2.46 1.87

Table No. 24: Saponification[xiii] value of the 3 samples

of the Jīvantyādi Yamaka.


Saponification value 109.97 110.57 108.86

Table No. 25: Ester value[xiv] of the 3 samples of the

Jīvantyādi Yamaka


Ester value 107.71 107.68 105.65


HPTLC [xv]

Table No. 26 Retention factor value of 3 samples of JY

in different wave length

Wave

length

Sam-

ple

name

Maximum retention fac-

tor values

Num-

ber of

peak

254

JY1

0.02, 0.12, 0.15, 0.27,

0.35, 0.45, 0.50, 0.59,

0.66, 0.87

10

JY2

0.12, 0.15, 0.21, 0.27,

0.35, 0.42, 0.45, 0.50,

0.60, 0.87

10

JY3

0.02, 0.12, 0.16, 0.22,

0.28, 0.36, 0.43, 0.46,

0.51, 0.61, 0.87

11

310

JY1

0.02, 0.08, 0.12, 0.15,

0.21, 0.26, 0.35, 0.50,

0.63, 0.87

10

JY2

0.08, 0.12, 0.15, 0.21,

0.26, 0.35, 0.43, 0.50,

0.64, 0.87

10

JY3

0.02, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16,

0.22, 0.27, 0.36, 0.43,

0.50, 0.88

10

366

JY1

0.02, 0.12, 0.15, 0.26,

0.35, 0.47, 0.50, 0.63 08

JY2

0.15, 0.36, 0.48, 0.50,

0.64 05

JY3 0.02, 0.16, 0.36, 0.47 04

Table No. 27: Heavy metal [xvi] analysis of 3 samples of JY

S.

No

Parame-

ter –

Heavy

metal

Speci-

fica-

tion

Results

JY1 JY2 JY3

1 Lead (as

Pb)

NMT

10

PPM

0.125

PPM

0.188

PPM

0.098

PPM

2

Cad-

mium

(as Cd)

NMT

0.3

PPM

ND ND ND

3 Arsenic

(As)

NMT

3 PPM ND

0.003

PPM

0.003

PPM

4 Mercury

(as Hg)

NMT

1 PPM ND ND ND

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSSION

Pharmaceutical study

1. Preparation of Kalka Dravya:

Powder of Kalka Dravya should be mixed with water

properly and kept for some times to prevent over frying

in heated oily media. Soaking of the fine powder of

drugs in the water, result in softening of the drug, due to

diffusion of liquid into the powder by the phenomenon of

osmosis.

2. Adding of Kalka to the media:

The water which diffuses into the Kalka, dissolves the wa-

ter soluble active principles and discharges it to the liquid

media and fat soluble active principles enters to the fatty

media due to collapse of boundary layer which results

transfer to active principles from the Kalka to the solvent.

Due to continuous stirring refers homogenous distribution

of active constituent in the solvent.

3. Kampillaka Shadhana

Kampillaka was mixed with 75.14 % of adulterant such

as brick powder, small stone particles, leaf parts, stem

parts etc.

4. Filtration of Siddha Sneha

1. Sneha obtained by first filtration

2. Sneha obtained by squeezing kalka part

3. Sneha obtained by heating Kalka part with water.

Most of the Sneha part has been collected by first filtra-

tion. (Approximate - 85%) Near about 7% Sneha was

collected by squeezing Kalka and approximate 3%

Sneha collected by heating kalka with water. Because of

this procedures mean percentage of loss could be re-

duced to 4.88 in Ghrita Mūrchana, 5.35 in Nimba Taila

Mūrchana and 4.84 in Jīvantyādi Yamaka Pāka.

First filtration Sneha and Sneha which was obtained by

squeezing Kalka was shown totally moisture free and

Sneha by heating Kalka with water was shown negative

observation on Shabdhahīnogni Nikshipthah. So it was

subjected to mild heat till it become totally moisture free

before adding those parts to the bulk.

Sarja Rasa, Madhuchhista and Tuttha were added as a

Prakshepa Dravya but weight of Tuttha accordingly as

Kalka Dravya.

After adding Prakshepa Dravya there was shown 0.09

mean percentage of weight loss (expected total weight –

obtained total weight %) due to removing of impurities

presence of the Sarja rasa. Maducchhistha was melted

and filtered and Sarja Rasa was powdered and filtered

through cotton cloth before adding to Yamaka. Hence %

of weight loss was shown.


Analytical study – Jīvantyādi Yamaka

1. Specific gravity & refractive index was increased

after Mūrchanana of Ghrita and Nimba Taila as

well as after Yamaka Pāka due to process of

Mūrchanana and Yamaka Pāka, which refers to

increase extracted matter from Kalka Dravya to

the Sneha media.

2. Loss on drying at 105˚C is giving idea about

volatile content present in the sample. Three sam-

ples of JY has been shown approximate 0.5 %

w/w of LOD which is less amount of moisture

content, it refers the standardization of three

sample as well as less chance to early rancidity,

so increase shelf life and therapeutic value.

3. Acid value: 2.26, 2.89 and 3.21 is the acid

value of three samples of JY respectively it refers

the standardization of three sample & presence

of low free fatty acids in the samples that means

low hydrolysis of triglycerides, it denotes the less

opportunity to decomposition of the formulation

& increase shelf life, stability and therapeutic

value.

4. Iodine value: 1.09, 2.46 and 1.87 is the iodine

value of three samples of JY respectively it refers

the standardization of three sample & presence

of low unsaturated fatty acids it refers to stability

of drugs & reduced chance to rancidity.

5. Saponification value: 109.97, 110.57 and

108.86 are the Saponification value of three

samples of JY respectively it refers the standardi-

zation of three samples & less amount of fatty

mater (188- 196 / g is the general range of sa-

ponification value in most of the oil of plant

origin14). JY is the medicated plant oil & animal

fat mixture which is processed with heat. After

Samskāra its Saponification value has been re-

duced significantly and increase shelf life due to

lesser opportunity to rancidity.

6. The above same features have been shown in

ester value too.

7. HPTLC: The results were shown clearly standard-

ization of three samples of JY in 254nm and 310

nm wave length shown 10 number of peaks or

spot in the all samples and closely same reten-

tion factor (Rf) values which confirms that same

ingredients had been used for all the formula-

tions and separation of spots confirmed about

the multi-polarity index of compounds.

8. Heavy metal analysis was shown closely same

and within normal limit results in 3 samples refers

further standardization of samples and safety

profile of the same.

Jivantyai Yamaka which was prepared by using

Mūrchita Goghrita and Nimba Taila showed analyt-

ically and clinically better results. Mūrchana has a

major role in the Sneha Kalpana to increase shelf life

and efficacy.

% of loss of Sneha Pāka can be minimized by adding

Sneha part which was collecting by squeezing Kalka

and heating Kalka with water and separating re-

maining Sneha part with Kalka.

Keen observation of Sneha Siddhi Laksha was

needed to obtain particular stage of Pāka.

****


REFERENCES

i. Bhaishajya Ratnavali of Kaviraj Srivinodlalsena Volume 1st

Jwaradhikara, 179, Englis translation by Pro. Gyanendra

Pandey, Chowkamba Sanskrit series office Varanasi, 1st

edition 2005, pp- 195

ii. Bhaishajya Ratnavali of Kaviraj Srivinodlalsena Volume 1st

Jwaradhikara, 176, Englis translation by Pro. Gyanendra

Pandey, Chowkamba Sanskrit series office Varanasi, 1st

edition 2005, pp-192.(Tila Taila Mūrchana)

iii. Rasa Tarangini of Sri Sadananda Sharma, transcendence

descriptive englisg commentary by Dr.Ravindra Angadi,

21st Taranga 106-107, 1st edition 2015, Chaukhamba

surbharati prahashan Varanasi, pp- 353

iv. Rasa Ratna Samucchhaya of Sri Vagbhatacharya transla-

tion and commentary in English by Dr. V.A.Dole 3rd chapter

122-123, 1st edition 2006 Chowkhamba Sanskrit series of-

fice Caranasi, pp- 123

v. Rasa Prakashika 10/23

vi. Charaka Samhita of Charaka, Chikithsa stana 7/120-121,

English translation by Sharma R K and Bhagwan D , Vol III,

Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi, 2013, pp-

350

vii. Ashtanga Hridayam of Vagbhata, Chikitsa sthana 19/77-

78, English Translation by K R Srikantha Murthy, Vol II, Cho-

khamba Krishnadas Academy, Varanasi, 2013, pp-485

viii. API part I, Volume VI, Appendix – 3. 1. 2. B. The controller

of publications civil lines Delhi, 2008, page no. 290.

ix. Ibid, Appendix – 3. 1. 1. Page no. 290.

x. Ibid, Appendix – 2. 2.10. Page no. 243.

xi. Ibid, Appendix – 3. 9. Page no. 300.

xii. Ibid, Appendix – 3. 8. Page no. 299.

xiii. Ibid, Appendix – 3. 7. Page no. 298.

xiv. IP page no. 81

xv. Ibid Appendix – 2.2.14 Page No.246.

xvi. Ibid, Appendix – 2. 3.7 Page no. 261.

Source of Support: Nil.

Conflict of Interest: None declared

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How to cite this article: Wijayanthamala et al.: Pharmaceutico An-

alytical Study of Jīvantyādi Yamaka. AAMJ 2016; 2: 600 – 611.

pharmaceutico analytical study of jīvantyādi...

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