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Introduction toPhilosophy with Logic

Janeth S. HyattOnline Faculty

jshyatt@ama.edu.ph

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Previous topic

Different PhilosophicalThoughts Ancient (Aristotle)

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T opics to be discussed

E astern Philosophya) Confuciusb) Gautama Buddha

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Objectives

Ev aluate the strengths andweaknesses of their ideasDiscriminate the changes

brought by their ideas

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He who learns but does not think is lost! He who thinks but

does not learn is in great danger

Confucius

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C onfucius

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C onfucius Kung-Fu-Tzu was

the name of the

famous Chinesethinker He was born in 551

B.C in the city of Qufu now part of thepresent-dayShandong pro v ince

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C onfucius He was born out of wedlock

Confucius thoughts ha v ebeen de v eloped into asystem of philosophy knownas Confucianism

His teachings are knownthrough the analects of Confucius

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C onfucius His philosophy was centeredon go v ernmental morality,social relationships, justice,and sincerity

He expressed the well known

principle Do not do to otherswhat you do not done toyourself

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A nalects of C onfucius

A collection of his discussionscompiled by his disciples

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The Philosophy of C onfucius

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E thics

R ighteousness Reciprocity Empathy

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T he superior manThe mind of superior man iscon v ersant with v irtue; the mindof the base man is con v ersantwith gainThe superior man is modest inhis speech, but exceeds in hisaction

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Government

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T he requisites of government

Sufficient of foodSufficient of military equipmentThe confidence of the peoplein their ruler

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W hen a prince s personalconduct is correct his

go v ernment is effecti v e withoutissuing an order. If his personalconduct is not correct, he may

issue orders, but they will not be

followed

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W hen a country iswell governed?

Pov

erty and mean conditionare things to be ashamed of W hen a country is poorlygo v erned, riches and honorsare things to be ashamed of

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W hat is a great minister for C onfucius?

O ne who ser v es his princeaccording to what is right, andwhen he finds he cannot do

so, retires

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T he unprincipled and theprincipled people

Confucius was opposed tokilling unprincipled people incarrying on the go v ernment

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C ontinuationThe relation between superiorsand inferiors is like thatbetween the wind and thegrass. The grass must bent

while the wind blows across it

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C ontinuation

To go v ern means to rectify.If you lead on the peoplewith correctness, who willdare not to be correct?

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W hat should be done inorder to secure the

submission of the people?"

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SiddhatthaG

autamaBuddha

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T he meaning of Buddha

The enlightened one or awakened one

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Siddhattha G autama BuddhaBuddha studied science,

philosophy, and art, he excelledat e v erythingBuddha was not interested inmaterial things, rather he longedfor tranquility and self-fulfillment

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T he four sights An old crippled man

A diseased manDecaying corpse

An ascetic

Pain

DiseaseDeath

Age

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The four noble truthsaccording to Buddha

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T he noble truth of suffering

Suffering is an inherentpart of existence

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C ontinuationThere is suffering: old age,disease, death, sorrow,lamentation, pain. There arealso many happy and pleasure

hours in man s life time but theyare impermanent

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T he noble truth of thearising of suffering

Suffering has an origin: thethreefold cra v ings such assensual cra v ing, cra v ing for existence, and cra v ing for wealth and power

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T he noble truth of the

cessation of sufferingSuffering can cease:through extinction of this

threefold suffering,forsaking it and gi v ing it up

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T he noble truth of pathleading to the cessation of

sufferingThere is a path out of suffering,it is the noble eightfold pathbecause it a v oids the two

extremes the sensual pleasureand self-mortification

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T he eightfold path R ight speech- leads to truth and

understanding R ight understanding- leads to wisdom R ight li v elihood- leads to sharing R ight mindfulness-leads to purposeful

life R ight aspiration-leads to di v ine

inclination

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T he eightfold path R ight beha v ior-leads togoodwill

R ight absorption-leads to unity R ight effort-leads to highestoutcome

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C onclusionThe impact of their thoughts toindiv idual and to the community werestill felt either in a positi v e or negati v eway, though the intention in car v ingtheir ideas was to influence and helpthe world, there were some peoplethat interpreted it in a different way for their own interest.

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Please standby for thenext class