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PhonologyPart I

Chapter 5Preparing the Way: Teaching ELs in the PreK-12 Classroom

Pages 63-68By: Jeffra Flaitz

Designed by: J. Govoniwww.esolinhighered.org

Source of Visuals: Bing Online Pictures

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The study of phonetics involves the description of speech sounds that occur in languages.

This study of sounds includes:

understanding how sounds are articulated, and

learning the phonetic alphabet to have a one-on-one sound correspondence betweensounds and letters.

Phonetics: The Study of Speech Sounds

Source of Visuals: Bing Online Pictures

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The basic source of power behind the articulation of sounds is the respiratory system which pushes air out of the lungs into the oral and nasal cavity.

How are sounds produced?

Visual from Bing Online Pictures

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When air moves to the oral cavity, speech sounds aregenerated via articulators such as the tongue, the lowerlip, the teeth, and the roof of the mouth.

When the air moves to the nasal cavity, speech sounds are generated throughreverberations (persistence of soundsafter the source has stopped) in the cavity.

What happens when air escapes out of the larynx?

Visual from Bing Online Pictures

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What happens when air escapes out of the larynx?

The velum functions as the guide of air either to theoral or the nasal cavity.

Consonants vs. Vowels: In producing consonants,the flow of breath is temporarily obstructed or blocked.Vowels are produced with a relatively free outwardflow of breath.

Visual from Bing Online Pictures

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Oral vs. Nasal Sounds

Oral Nasal

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http://www.sil.org/mexico/ling/glosario/E005bi-OrgansArt.htm

Vocal Tract: the Sound Producing System

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Let's look at the oral sound producing cavities and the sounds produced at these locations.

Visual from Bing Online Pictures

Labels:

lips teeth

alveolar ridgehard palate

Velum

soft palate

glottis

tongue: blade

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Place of Articulation Label of Sounds

Lips Bilabial; Labiodental

Teeth Dental

Alveolar Ridge Alveolar

Palate Palatal

Velum Velar

Glottis Flottal

Places of Articulation

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Go to Chapter 5 in textbook.Review Figure 5.2.Complete Pause and Reflect - Question 1.

Preparing the Way: Teaching ELs in the PreK-12 Classroom

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Bilabial: Sounds produced at the lips

sounds are made by bringing both lipscloser together.

English sounds: [p] [b] [m] [w] as in pat, bat, mat, and with.

Visual from Bing Online Pictures

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Sound made with the lower lip against the upperfront teeth.

English sounds: [f] and [v] as in fat and vat

Labiodental: Sounds produced when the lips and teeth come together

Visual from Bing Online Pictures

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Sound made with the tip of the tongue betweenthe front teeth.

Think about how YOU say thigh and thy. The “th” (sound in these words as represented in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet as θ and δ areproduced between the teeth.

Inter-Dental: Sounds produced between the teeth

Visual from Bing Online Pictures

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sounds made with the tongue tip at or near the alveolarridge

English sounds: [t] [d] [s] [z] [n] [l] [r] [tƒ] [dƷ] as in tab, dab, sip, zip, noose, loose, red, church, judge

Alveolar: sounds made with the tongue tip at or near the alveolar ridge

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Sounds made with the tongue near the hard palate (hard part of the roof of the mouth).

These sounds are called palatal sounds because theyare made in the area between the alveolar ridge andthe hard palate)

English sounds: [ʃ] as in leash, [ Ʒ ] as in measure

Palatal-Alveolar: sound produced at the roof of the mouth

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Contact between the front of the tongue and the hard palate.

Example: the “y” sound; say it slowly and feel the movement of the tongue in your mouth.

Hmm! Is ‘y’ a consonant?

Palatal: sounds produced in the hard palateregion of the mouth

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Sounds made with the tongue near the velum.

English sounds: [k] [g] [ŋ] as in kill, gill, sing.

Velar: sounds produced in the velum region at theback of the mouth

Remember the space between the vocal cords isthe glottis.

English has 2 glottal sounds produced during the enunciation of the words ‘high’ and ‘uh-oh’.

These are represented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) as [h] and [ ].

Glottal: sound produced deep in the throat

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Read: Chapter 5Phonology pp.65-68

Preparing the Way: Teaching ELs in the PreK-12 Classroom