planning
DESCRIPTION
by rinalyn g magtibayTRANSCRIPT
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Organization & ManagementOrganization & Management
Planning & Strategic Management
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PlanningPlanning““The successful establishment and The successful establishment and
attainment of attainment of GOALGOAL coordinated coordinated with the successful modification of with the successful modification of
the organization’s structure”the organization’s structure”
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PlanningPlanning
• Basic process we use to select our goals and determine how to achieve them.
• Process of establishing objectives and suitable courses of action before taking action.
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PlanningPlanning
• Every manager’s job
• Before manager’s can organize, lead, or control, they must make the PLANS that give purpose and direction to the organization – deciding what needs to be done, when and how it needs to be done, and who has to do it.
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PlanningPlanning
• The need for planning exists at all levels and actually increases at higher levels, where it has the greatest potential impact on the organization’s success.
• Variation in planning responsibilities depend on the organization’s size, purpose and on the manager’s specific function or activity
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Decision MakingDecision Making
• An important aspect of planning
• Process of developing and selecting a course of action to solve a specific problem.
• May be made at any point in the planning process
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Four basic Steps in PlanningFour basic Steps in Planning
Develop a set of Actions
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1. a Goal or set of goals1. a Goal or set of goals
• Indespensable part of planning
• What the organization or subunit wants or needs
• Identify priorities and being specific about aims
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Reasons why some managers hesitate to Reasons why some managers hesitate to set goalsset goals
Lack of knowledge of the environment
Lack of Confidence
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2. Define the present situation2. Define the present situation
• How far is the organization falling short of its goal?
• What resources are available for closing the gap?
• Open lines of communication – necessity for this stage
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3. Identify Aids and Barriers3. Identify Aids and Barriers
• What factors in the internal and external environments can help the organization reach its goals?
• What factors might create problems?
• Essential part of planning – anticipating situations, problems and opportunities
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4. Develop a Course of action4. Develop a Course of action
• Step in which decisions about future action are made and during which the guidelines for effective decision making are most relevant
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Planning & ControllingPlanning & Controlling• Plans are implemented through detailed
actions aimed at realizing specified objectives. It is at this action-taking stage that planning moves into another function – controlling
• Controlling – process of ensuring that actions conform to plans. It cannot take place unless a plan exists and a plan has little chance of success unless some efforts are made to monitor its progress
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BudgetingBudgeting
• Most common link between Planning and Controlling
• A budget is almost always a key part of the planning process because it guides decision about allocating resources toward the attainment of goal;
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Although the planning and controlling are linked, there are advantages in keeping the two functions formally separated. It emphasizes the importance of each; it encourages employees to take control seriously and to ensure that relevant activities are not neglected or performed haphazardly
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Two main types of planTwo main types of plan
• Strategic Plans – focuses on the right thing( effectiveness)
• Operational Plans – focuses on doing those thing right
(efficiency)
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• EFFECTIVENESS
ability to determine the appropriate objective
“doing the right thing”
• EFFICIENCY
ability to minimize the use of resources in achieving organizational objectives
“doing things right”
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Strategic PlanningStrategic Planning
• Designed to meet the broad objectives of the organization – to implement the mission that provides the unique reason for the organization’s existence
• Planning activity of an organization in which top management’s role is most crucial because coordination of the organization’s functional areas become crucial
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Operational PlanOperational Plan• Provide details as to how the strategic
plans will be accomplished
• Planning done at lower level
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2 main type of Operational Plan2 main type of Operational Plan
• Single-use plans are developed to achieve specific purposes and to be dissolved when these have been accomplished
• Standing plans are standardized approaches for handling recurrent and predictable situation
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Single-Use PlanSingle-Use Plan
• Detailed courses of action that probably will not be repeated in the same forms in the future
• Major types: program, project and budget
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Types of single-use plansTypes of single-use plans
1. program – covers a relatively large set of activities; shows (1) the major steps required to reach an objective, (2) the organization unit or member responsible for each steps, and (3) the order and timing of each step
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Types of single-use plansTypes of single-use plans
2. Projects – are smaller, separate portions of programs of limited scopes and distinct directives concerning assignments and time
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Types of single-use plansTypes of single-use plans
3. Budget – formal quantitative statement of resources allocated to specific programs or projects for a given period; statement of financial resources set aside for specific activities in a given period of time
- primarily devices to control an organization’s acts and are thus important components of programs and projects
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Standing PlansStanding Plans
• An established set of decisions used by managers to deal with recurring or organizational activities
• Once established , it allows managers to conserve time used for planning and decision making because similar situations are handles in a predetermined, consistent manner
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Types of Standing PlanTypes of Standing Plan1. Policies – general guidelines for decision
making; sets up boundaries around decisions, including those that can be made and eliminating those that cannot.
2. Procedure – a standing plan of detailed guidelines for handling organizational actions that occur regularly; provides a detailed set of instructions for performing a sequence of action that occurs often or regularly
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Types of Standing PlanTypes of Standing Plan
3. Rules – standing plans that detail specific actions to be taken in a given situation; are statement that a specific action must or must not be taken in a given situation.
- most explicit of standing plans and are not guides to thinking or decision making, rather, they are substitute for them.
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Presented by:Presented by:
Rinalyn G. MagtibayRinalyn G. MagtibayBatangas State UniversityBatangas State University
MAED EMMAED EM