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PLANT A BUTTERFLY GARDEN! By Charles Bartlett, GVST Volunteer Plant your butterfly garden and help save a butterfly species! A butterfly garden can be a wonderful part of your landscape and will make a meaningful difference by creating habitat for our imperiled butterfly friends. Gardening for butterflies is something anyone who loves growing plants and flowers can do. A garden that is good for butterflies also is good for other pollinators such as bees and hummingbirds who often share the same nectar plants and habitat. THE FOUR BASIC ELEMENTS OF A BUTTERFLY GARDEN Butterfly gardening is easy and, like any horticultural endeavor that creates habitat, depends on providing four basic elements. Flowers and food: Plant a mix of flowers that bloom from the start of spring through fall, and food plants for caterpillars. Shelter: Leave bare patches of ground, have small brush piles (in unused corners of the yard), and leave the herbaceous plants standing over the winter to protect overwintering eggs and caterpillar pupae waiting to emerge. Water: A mud puddle is ideal for butterflies providing them with a source of water and salt. A safe, pesticide-free environment: Don’t use chemical insecticides (especially systemic ones), use caution when applying organic pesticides, and use herbicides only for a weed emergency. Monarch butterfly

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Page 1: PLANT A BUTTERFLY GARDEN - texasbutterflyranch...• To attract and feed adult butterflies, we need a garden that supplies many months of nectar-rich flowers for a wide range of butterflies

PLANTABUTTERFLYGARDEN!ByCharlesBartlett,GVSTVolunteer

Plantyourbutterflygardenandhelpsaveabutterflyspecies!Abutterflygardencanbeawonderfulpartofyourlandscapeandwillmakeameaningfuldifferencebycreatinghabitatforourimperiledbutterflyfriends.Gardeningforbutterfliesissomethinganyonewholovesgrowingplantsandflowerscando.Agardenthatisgoodforbutterfliesalsoisgoodforotherpollinatorssuchasbeesandhummingbirdswhooftensharethesamenectarplantsandhabitat.THEFOURBASICELEMENTSOFABUTTERFLYGARDEN

Butterflygardeningiseasyand,likeanyhorticulturalendeavorthatcreateshabitat,dependsonprovidingfourbasicelements.Flowersandfood:Plantamixofflowersthatbloomfromthestartofspringthroughfall,andfoodplantsforcaterpillars.Shelter:Leavebarepatchesofground,havesmallbrushpiles(inunusedcornersoftheyard),andleavetheherbaceousplantsstandingoverthewintertoprotectoverwinteringeggsandcaterpillarpupaewaitingtoemerge.

Water:Amudpuddleisidealforbutterfliesprovidingthemwithasourceofwaterandsalt.Asafe,pesticide-freeenvironment:Don’tusechemicalinsecticides(especiallysystemicones),usecautionwhenapplyingorganicpesticides,anduseherbicidesonlyforaweedemergency.

Monarchbutterfly

Page 2: PLANT A BUTTERFLY GARDEN - texasbutterflyranch...• To attract and feed adult butterflies, we need a garden that supplies many months of nectar-rich flowers for a wide range of butterflies

ALITTLEBUTTERFLYBIOLOGYButterfliesandmothshavethreestagesintheirlifecyclesbeforebecomingtheflyingadultinsectswerecognize.Themotherbutterflylayseggsonpreferredfoodplants.

• Theeggshatchintocaterpillarsthatfeedontheirfoodplants.Thesecaterpillarsgrowtotheirfullsizebeforegoingdormantasachrysalis(butterfly)oracocoon(moth),inpreparationforadulthood.

• Thencaterpillarsgothroughmetamorphosisandemergeasflyingadults.

• Theadultsimmediatelymate,layeggs,feed,anddieleavingbehindthenextgeneration.

WHAT’SSOSPECIALABOUTMONARCHBUTTERFLIES?Monarchbutterflies(danausplexippus)populatemostoftheUSandsouthernCanada.TheyexistwestoftheRockyMountains,butinsmallernumbers.SightingsofMonarchsoccurinalmosteverystate.

Amonarch’slifeisintrinsicallywovenwiththemilkweedplant,aoncecommonnativeperennialplant.Itslifebeginswhenafemalelaysaneggontheundersideoftheleaforotherpartofamilkweedplant.Inthreetofivedays,averytiny,hungrycaterpillaremergesandbeginsfeastingonthemilkweedplant.

Asthecaterpillargrowstofullsize,itgoesthroughfivemolts(stagesoflife)thatareeacha

largesteptobecomingabutterfly.Eachtimethecaterpillarliterallyshedsitsskinandreformsalargerone.Atthefinalmolt,inabout10-14days,thecaterpillarisabeautifulyellow-green-blackstripedcolorabout1¾incheslong.Nowthecaterpillarwandersfromthemilkweedplantandfindsjusttherightspot.Itspinsapadofsilk,andattachesitself,hangingupsidedown.Aftermanyhours,itsskinwillsplittorevealitstranslucentgreenchrysalisthatisitshomeforthenext11-15daysasittakesitsfinalformasamonarchbutterfly.Onceemerging,andafterdryingitsbeautifulorangewings,ittakesflighttofindnectar,itsnewfood.Themonarchbutterflywilllivefromtwotosixweeks,duringwhichtimeitwillmate,andbeginthecycleagain.Thiscyclemayhappenfromfourtofivetimespersummer,fourtofivegenerations,andonthefinalgenerationofthesummer,calledtheSuperGeneration,somethingreallyamazinghappens.Thesebutterflies,withmoredenselyscaledandslightlylargerwings,willlivefromseventoeightmonths.

Monarchcaterpillar

Tigerswallowtail,thelargestbutterflyinNorthAmerica

Page 3: PLANT A BUTTERFLY GARDEN - texasbutterflyranch...• To attract and feed adult butterflies, we need a garden that supplies many months of nectar-rich flowers for a wide range of butterflies

WHATTOPLANT?Oftenthefloweringplantsthatfeedtheadultmothsandbutterfliesaredifferentfromtheplantsonwhichtheircaterpillarsfeed.Forabutterflygarden,thegardenermustplantbothtypesofplants.Mostflowersthatattractmothsandbutterflieswillfeedawiderangeofspecies.Whenitcomestofeedingtheircaterpillars,butterfliesandmothscaneitherhaveaneedforveryspecificfoodplants,orhaveatasteforawiderrangeofhostplants.Thisdependsonthespeciesofeachmothandbutterflyastheywillhavedifferentrequirements.

• Toattractandfeedadultbutterflies,weneedagardenthatsuppliesmanymonthsofnectar-richflowersforawiderangeofbutterflies.

• Flowershapesthatattractbutterfliesaregenerallyeitherflat-toppedflowerspikeswithlotsoftinyflowers,orcone-typeflowers.

• Foodplansforcaterpillarsvary,butwidelyfed-uponplantsincludeoak,willow,cherry,poplar,apple,dandelions,clover,anddill.

• ForwidespreadmigratingspeciesofbutterfliesliketheMonarch,variousspeciesofmilkweed(Asclepiasspecies)providebothlarvalfoodandnectarforadults.

SAWS-RECOMMENDEDSPECIALBUTTERFLYPLANTS

1. PrideofBarbados.Heat-loving,drought-resistantshrubto6’fall.LongbloomingseasonApriltoDecember.Butterflyfavorite.Deerresistant.

2. Thryallis.Drought-resistant,deer-resistant,spectacularyellowflowersformanymonths.Sunorpartshade,8’tall.

3. DwarfFirebush.Lovessummerheat,standsdryconditions,ahummingbirdfavorite.

4. BlackfootDaisy.Loveshot,dry,well-drainedlocations.Tendstobeevergreen,1’tall,long-bloomingseason.

5. AlmondVerbena.Butterflymagnet,sweet,whiteflowerclusters,goodfragrance,toleratesdryconditionswell,everygreen,6’-8’tall,verylongbloomingseasonMarchtoDecember.

6. Fall-BloomingAster.Low-growingevergreenplants,beautiful,lavenderflowers.Verydrought-resistant,noinsectordiseaseproblems.Goodnectarsourceformanybutterflies,deer-resistantwithveryaromaticfoliage.Upto24”tall,theonlyAstervarietyforTexasandtheSouthwest.Willliveformanyyearsinthegarden.

7. BlueMistFlower.Abutterflyfavorite,bloomsMarchtoDecember.Toleratesallsoiltypes,willslowlyspreadinthegarden,prefersfullsunlocations,droughtresistant.Amust-haveforeverybutterflygarden.

8. Frogfruit.Low,evergreenspreadinggroundcover,prefersfullsunlocations.Smallwhiteflowersareanexcellentnectarsourceformanybutterflies.Leavesarethehostplantforseveraltypesofbutterflies.

PrideofBarbados

Fall-BloomingAster

Page 4: PLANT A BUTTERFLY GARDEN - texasbutterflyranch...• To attract and feed adult butterflies, we need a garden that supplies many months of nectar-rich flowers for a wide range of butterflies

9. Goldenrod.Afallbutterflymagnet,evergreenfoliage,diesdowntothegroundinwinter,witharosetteofgreenfoliage,hugeclustersofgoldenflowersinthefall.Loveswetordryconditions,willslowlyspreadinthegarden,likesallsoiltypes.Cutbackby½inJulytokeepplantshorter,withmoreflowers.BloomsSeptembertoDecember,deer-resistant,amust-haveforthebutterflygarden.Pollendoesnotcauseallergies.

10. Damianita.Lovesheatanddryconditions,deerresistant,verylongbloomingseasonwithtinyyellowflowers,1foottall.

11. CowpenDaisy.Long-bloomingyellowcompositewithbeautifuldaisy-likeflowers,drought-resistant,butterflynectarsource,4feettall,beautifulblue-greenfoliage.

12. Milkweeds.Manylong-lastingvarieties,deep-rootedplantstoleratedryconditionswell,larvaefoodhostsformonarchs,agreatnectarsourceformanybutterflies,3-4’tall.Willnaturalizeinthegarden.

13. Salvia.Manyvarieties,excellentnectarsourceformanytypesofbutterflies,tendtobeevergreeninthewintermonths,verylongbloomingseasonMarchtoDecember,toleratesdryconditionswell.

14. RedYucca.Greatnectarsourceforhummingbirds,evergreenplant,verydrought-resistant,longbloomingseasonJunetoDecember,bothpinkandyellowflowering

forms.15. Rosemary.Evergreen,greatestbloomperiodincoolseasonsandwinter,goodnectar

sourceformanybutterflies,fragrantfoliage.16. Turk’sCap.Evergreenshrub,goodnectarforceforhummingbirds,drought-tolerant,

edibleredfruit,verylongbloomingseason.17. DwarfBarbadosCherry.Selectdwarfformofplant,edibleredfruit,extremely

droughttolerant,beautifulpinkflowersoveraverylongbloomingseasonfromApriltoDecember.

18. FlameAcanthus.Favoritenectarsourceforbutterfliesandhummingbirds,mayloseleavesinaseverewinter,toleratesverydryconditionswell,amust-haveplantforthebutterflygarden.

19. YauponHolly.Beautifulevergreenshrub,maleandfemaleplants,choosefruitingtypesuchas“PrideofHouston”forexcellentfruitsetandcolorfulberriesinthefallandwinter,showywhiteflowersinthespring,drought-tolerant,anexcellentspecimenplantorhedge.

20. RedbudTree.Earlyspringbloom,drought-resistant,bothpinkandwhitebloomingtypes,excellentearlynectarsourceinthespring.

21. TexasPersimmon.Maleandfemaletrees,edibleblackfruitinlatesummer,drought-resistant,evergreensmalltree/bush,verydeer-resistant.

22. AnacachoOrchidTree.Longbloomingseason,toleratesdrought,whiteflowers,distinctiveleaves,evergreenwithsomewinterprotection.Atrulybeautifulsmallfloweringtreeforeverygardensiteandsoiltype.

Tropicalmilkweed

YauponHolly


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