plant biology fall 2006

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Plant Biology Fall 2006 BISC 367 - Plant Physiology Lab Spring 2009 Notices: General reading Taiz and Zeiger: Chapter 7, Photosynthesis: the Light Reactions

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BISC 367 - Plant Physiology Lab Spring 2009. Plant Biology Fall 2006. Notices: General reading Taiz and Zeiger: Chapter 7, Photosynthesis: the Light Reactions. Photosynthesis - light. Photosynthesis (P/S) uses light energy to build carbon compounds - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Plant Biology Fall 2006

Plant Biology Fall 2006BISC 367 - Plant Physiology

LabSpring 2009

Notices:•

• General reading• Taiz and Zeiger: Chapter 7, Photosynthesis: the Light Reactions

Page 2: Plant Biology Fall 2006

• Photosynthesis (P/S) uses light energy to build carbon compounds

CO2 + H2O (CH2O)n + O2

Inputs: CO2

H2O

Light

Outputs: Carbohydrate (CHO)

O2

Photosynthesis - light

Light energy

Page 3: Plant Biology Fall 2006

• P/S is divided into 2 stages

Photosynthesis - light

Light NRG oxidizes H2O

Reductant & NRG are used to reduce CO2

Page 4: Plant Biology Fall 2006

P/S takes place in chloroplasts (cp)

Photosynthesis - light

Thylakoid

Grana lamellaeStacked membranes

Stroma lamellaeUnstacked membrane

Stroma

Light rxns occur here

Carbon reduction rxns occur here

Page 5: Plant Biology Fall 2006

Pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) exist in antenna complexes– Harvest and transfer light NRG to chlorophylls at the reaction centre

• NRG is transferred from pigment to pigment by resonance transfer

– At the reaction centre NRG is converted to chemical (redox) NRG

Photosynthesis - light

Antennal pigment/ reaction centre complexes are also referred to as photosystems

There are 2 photosystems• PSI• PSII

Page 6: Plant Biology Fall 2006

• Light NRG moves down an energy gradient towards the reaction centre

Photosynthesis - light

Page 7: Plant Biology Fall 2006

• PSI and PSII operate in series– PSI absorbs far-red light (>680 nm) = P700

• Produces a very strong reductant

– PSII absorbs red light (680 nm) = P680• Produces a strong very strong oxidant

– Can oxidize water

Photosynthesis - light

Z scheme of Photosynthesis

Ultimate source of e-

Page 8: Plant Biology Fall 2006

• 4 protein complexes embedded in the thylakoid membrane are involved in the light reactions

• PSII

• Cytochrome b6f complex

• PSI

• ATP synthase

Photosynthesis - light

Page 9: Plant Biology Fall 2006

Photosynthesis - light

Oxidation of water:• Performed by the oxygen evolving centre (OEC) of PSII

2H2O O2 + 4e- + 4H+

Water is extremely stable - oxidation is not easy!

4H+ are released into thylakoid lumen• OEC is located on lumenal side of membrane

Page 10: Plant Biology Fall 2006

Photosynthesis in an intact plant

Page 11: Plant Biology Fall 2006

Photosynthesis in isolated cps

O2 is evolved as e- are passed to Ferricyanide

Page 12: Plant Biology Fall 2006

Some herbicides block e- flow

Page 13: Plant Biology Fall 2006

Photosynthesis – blocking e- transport

DCMU

Electron flow is blocked, O2 evolution is inhibited

Page 14: Plant Biology Fall 2006

Photosynthesis – flavin mononucleotide (FMN)

DCMU

O2 is consumed as FMN passes e- to O2 to generated H2O2

Page 15: Plant Biology Fall 2006

O2 can accept e- from PSI

• Mehler reaction (light dependent consumption of O2):

O2 + Fdred O2- + Fdox

• 5 - 10% of e- generated by PSI react with O2

• Plants have built in systems to “scavange” ROS• SOD (superoxide dismutase):

O2- + O2

- + 2H+ H2O2 + O2

• H2O2 must be reduced to prevent reaction with O2-

to form the highly toxic hydroxyl radical (OH.)

Page 16: Plant Biology Fall 2006

O2 can accept e- from PSI

• Asada-Halliwell pathway reduces H2O2:

H2O2

H2O

Ascorbate

Monodehydro-ascorbate

GSSH

GSH

NADPH

NADP+

PSI