plant biology fall 2006
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BISC 367 - Plant Physiology Lab Spring 2009. Plant Biology Fall 2006. Notices: General reading Taiz and Zeiger: Chapter 7, Photosynthesis: the Light Reactions. Photosynthesis - light. Photosynthesis (P/S) uses light energy to build carbon compounds - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Plant Biology Fall 2006BISC 367 - Plant Physiology
LabSpring 2009
Notices:•
• General reading• Taiz and Zeiger: Chapter 7, Photosynthesis: the Light Reactions
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• Photosynthesis (P/S) uses light energy to build carbon compounds
CO2 + H2O (CH2O)n + O2
Inputs: CO2
H2O
Light
Outputs: Carbohydrate (CHO)
O2
Photosynthesis - light
Light energy
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• P/S is divided into 2 stages
Photosynthesis - light
Light NRG oxidizes H2O
Reductant & NRG are used to reduce CO2
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P/S takes place in chloroplasts (cp)
Photosynthesis - light
Thylakoid
Grana lamellaeStacked membranes
Stroma lamellaeUnstacked membrane
Stroma
Light rxns occur here
Carbon reduction rxns occur here
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Pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) exist in antenna complexes– Harvest and transfer light NRG to chlorophylls at the reaction centre
• NRG is transferred from pigment to pigment by resonance transfer
– At the reaction centre NRG is converted to chemical (redox) NRG
Photosynthesis - light
Antennal pigment/ reaction centre complexes are also referred to as photosystems
There are 2 photosystems• PSI• PSII
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• Light NRG moves down an energy gradient towards the reaction centre
Photosynthesis - light
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• PSI and PSII operate in series– PSI absorbs far-red light (>680 nm) = P700
• Produces a very strong reductant
– PSII absorbs red light (680 nm) = P680• Produces a strong very strong oxidant
– Can oxidize water
Photosynthesis - light
Z scheme of Photosynthesis
Ultimate source of e-
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• 4 protein complexes embedded in the thylakoid membrane are involved in the light reactions
• PSII
• Cytochrome b6f complex
• PSI
• ATP synthase
Photosynthesis - light
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Photosynthesis - light
Oxidation of water:• Performed by the oxygen evolving centre (OEC) of PSII
2H2O O2 + 4e- + 4H+
Water is extremely stable - oxidation is not easy!
4H+ are released into thylakoid lumen• OEC is located on lumenal side of membrane
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Photosynthesis in an intact plant
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Photosynthesis in isolated cps
O2 is evolved as e- are passed to Ferricyanide
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Some herbicides block e- flow
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Photosynthesis – blocking e- transport
DCMU
Electron flow is blocked, O2 evolution is inhibited
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Photosynthesis – flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
DCMU
O2 is consumed as FMN passes e- to O2 to generated H2O2
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O2 can accept e- from PSI
• Mehler reaction (light dependent consumption of O2):
O2 + Fdred O2- + Fdox
• 5 - 10% of e- generated by PSI react with O2
• Plants have built in systems to “scavange” ROS• SOD (superoxide dismutase):
O2- + O2
- + 2H+ H2O2 + O2
• H2O2 must be reduced to prevent reaction with O2-
to form the highly toxic hydroxyl radical (OH.)
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O2 can accept e- from PSI
• Asada-Halliwell pathway reduces H2O2:
H2O2
H2O
Ascorbate
Monodehydro-ascorbate
GSSH
GSH
NADPH
NADP+
PSI