pocket guide iran

7/29/2019 Pocket Guide Iran

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, , . ,- 1A P O C K E T , G U I D E T O

I R A N pOHOREN LIBRARYSMhm @&I@& Wk iw@$

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A P 8 C K E T 6 U l B E T O I R A

CONTENTS

lnlroductnon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a-Thc World's Lifcblmd . . . . . . . . . . .

The Mdcm M i p n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l n o r cv.rorm md Msnom . . . . . . . . . . . .h d o f l - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lxan snd :he War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Your Double P m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Gmp Along in Inn . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Meet h e llnoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H i . w md Covrromcnt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sm. ru)r Condiuona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pronoun


5/53

IYII..UCTI.MAS AN AMERICAN SOLDIER assigned to duty.. .important job of your life. There is no 0th" war t h e mwhere military ~ c r c s s y the United Starcs and her fight-inp Allies will contribute more to final victory aver rhe&is.You've heard a lot of tllk in this mar about life lines-rhe rca Ian.. nnd land muter by which military suppliesBow into the combat m n o be turned againrr the-7. Iran imuchmore ttun z lifc 1ine.h k r major

source of rhc power that keep the United Nations' mili-tary muchimc turning over-il. 1


6/53

b v a d t sp- r v a tq l c value, Inn rr the MImuotry m the world whcm t k e m of thxc of theWnmi N + m d e Bsnnm, Rutua, md the U n dStsteb-nre cpcratltq ro dady uurh wlth each othsr.T h u ~ M l b r n m ~ lf greu powen, rmpmtxng m the.&h.c of Inn , la a clear-zut vldlnuw of thc dsxSnx&mpmenw sf thc c& ybu ssd ymu ou&t lnvs becprnllcdapm m &You, ar an Amman, hwe r mp s ~ b t l u ythat gaqbeyard themdmarymilrury &us raquutdof l omuavy har 8 rrpucaua. thmughout tbc worldancg and unulbhnca lo ru dcnlnna .nth otuonr That repueat~onD r mspr s~ fw usglobnl war Bp y w r v t x - p csa uphdd a LBRusnn and Gmn Lk~tb-and wth the pcople of(Inn*)Mmt of tbau youmm wm'ta h MK.,mw, mapl b rrplhaonm roc how you an and what ysu doto rhemulw "Sa, t hm u what Amaccun ncAnd w h t t h ~ ythmk of ut wdl h v e mu& m doourm d w -cu or6,I- .

It w't a a r y thfficult pb. You71~ . . . h ~ ~ y s u d d I t h m r e ,2


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rrnrc m tell 9w what w do when you run inro a tosighsituation. You'll be c x p t e d to keep your mouth shut adysur eyer open wen after you arc rue of your ground.And you'll need to rnpa the ways of thinking and d+ing things of th e Irani. and of the British and Rvuiansoldiers, no matter hav different they may bc from yourown. If you adopt the ztritudc that we Americans don'tknow all the answers and that rhc wodd darn'r rcvolvc=round Kmkakce, 111.. you wm'r bc very far off the targetin y o u dealings with 0th- peoples.Beyond r spiritof tolerance and a willingncst t o m ~ n f h cether fellow half way. the thing your1 nctd most in orderto get along in Iran is information. Your opinion of thecountry and the p p l c w ~ l l ever be any k t c r than yourk~ ow lcd ge of hem.& you ercrclv yourcvrror~ ty nd gaznfresh kwwlcdge, you wtll mcr- y a r r cScmcy as a ddlrr and wdl add pcrron.1 value and pleasure to toughjob.This guidrbmL is to h d p you m m c in that direction,but it ir little more rhm r preview. A smart raldicr willnnn know fa r marc abwt rhe co uu tv rham is to be fofondkr-n these urvcrr That rr the rargcr w shorn at, andrhcrc a M k t t s way to kgtn gcrtsng acquamtcd w ~ t hthe ~ o u n n yhawby undcnrand,ng Iran's prucnt pont~onin thi*global war.

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O I L - TW I W0 ILm .S L l l ImL00nIRAN is imporant to the UnitedNations for a number ofmsonr. I t is the land bridge by which to get supplier toRussia, and it might have bcconx the pa& ovcr whichHirlcr's m i c s a u l d drivc into l n d i o r r o t h c Red Scn andthe Suer Canal. But, more important than anything dm,Iran is one of the gmt power reservoirs of r h wodd.N a w h n once mid that an arm" marcher on itr nomach.~ a ; l a ~ a11 supplies d ail oud-rmies march on oil. ~ L r edcnly to vanish, cvuy lrrgc indurubl nation in the worldwould collap* almostwcmight. Oil is the lifcblwdd the .modern world.In that p m f the-world m which you%ek e n nrrigncdhat m p t h e r m n N t u ~there arc&great oil-bearingIIIthe " p w c r h w x " of the Unkd N~ t i i n s . The northwestm a , strcuhing k w ~ nhc Araxcs River in South Russiato the w c p p north of the Caucasus,ir the h u r t of thcSornct Unaon.mcailurcd in tcrmr of bumlso l orl. h n donly m t h e xl fields m and around Baku on the&spaanSu arc thaw m Iran and Iraq, whlch supplyGren Brrtninand us m thc M d d k East. North Afr~fca,and an thc N dAtlentlcOne of the g r u t md~ts ry W a r d thc p x n t day bmu l d that the quadnogle bounded by & cltlcrd A m -khan, Tcheran, Ehrra, and A l e p p a& true rtmrcg.: m

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awcr center of the war, "an a m n which P G c m n auc-7swould mean the almost certain r d l a p of Ru s k andhe probable cdhpse of Great Britain ar wcll." Should its*cupation lead to a German conquest of the Ncar Ert.la only would the British Empire bc cut in half, but the,rcstigc of thc United Nations would h radin l ly lowered.rlote the oamcs of tlu c~rkrmd rhrn lm k ar rhc map iohe centerof th is guide.You will see that you a d your fellow a ld i cn arc hold-ng down two r i d e of the quadrangle.You will continueo hold them down x, long 2s there ir unity between therm i u o f r h c Urnired Nsrions in I r a n -& unity that comermm mutual d c r r c nd respect. It ir f am i l k strategys Hider and his Axis gvlg ta create dirtrust and doubtbcrwccn dlicr d the p p k fricndly to t h . ou canhclp &eat that strategy by working to Lcep the gm d willof your alliedmmradcr in nrmr and of the Irani p p l e .Sddoing you will bc- s form in keeping Irnn onthe Allied side. You will hclp to keep it opco as s channelby which to move lend-lea%ruppl ia inte Russia. And i&m nm l pmduction of 8o,ow,ooo barrels of oil, origirutingin the fields near Bandar Shapur and Kcrmanrhah, willmntinue to supply our tanks a d ighting planer in &ddle East a d North Africa and to fud the s h i p of the~tbh&a in the Med iw~ a n c s a nd the lndiaa Ocean.

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10/53

I l A Y a*. TWE WARFDR about ~ p wcnn Iran has beon a bartkgrounIsp p l c tmk turnsm mnquerlngand bcrcg conqu. AfKr j p o o yean d a thcy grew tlrrd of war,wratcd to sny m u d tt t h ~ swar u they dnd tn tk

Uodl he UUUL~,HiWr-1st~ and h ~ r"rsurwi' could drmmlwzple and sn army, the pnxs had mn eat= )obmawrd He utcd the nmc smtig , m IranLong b c f m we got mw che war, hu ag-m' poured Into thc r w n q raey held key J* Insanpnrer, la he&,, and m a to gwnnmem-re, t&y nnfrrted tbe towm and c z u a and warUaHltleis plbllc pmpd@ndnn, tw,N*a, film "Vaory 1" the Wur.' wmr r w b m Teherm, the uptnl cayrhuru mnnagcr. fa varng Germanbrewbmn, other lus, cvrn tdHlrler mallJ wsr a )dam,&tsd ta ihru gmtM b m d6


11/53

I t dldn't work After many pr ot crr ~ gamat Nan actxva y ~n the counny , the R ua nm * and the Brtnrh moved mM August q,,941 Th at war one trme rvc got there finrm e Shah, Rem Khan, abdrcrtcd 14s son took aver thethrone and concluded a wary wrrh the Allted Nat~onrNazx sgencnts w h ~ould be found wcrc xnternsd, or fledrhc countryNow, wtth the consent of the Iran Governmmt, tmopr

of the U n M Naroans guard thsr great land brtdg between Eurooc and Aua. tu oll wells and rcfincncr, m dthe highwar and ra i l ro lds which form the life line toour Russlzin alller. Our rmop =re in the minority amongth c u a cup ying forces. Ow whole Bcitirh Army, organ-ized in rhc summer d 942, 1M duty in this thutcr.The Russians, reacting to devclopmcnr* no& of theCaucanus, hevc had M lean m ore a d m o r i upan themilitary crtahlirhmcm in Iran as r prop to the forceroperating brw- tbe Black Sca and the Caspian. Meas-ured against r h e ~cspnnbiliticr and undertakings, ourow n effort in Iran has bur clatlvcly limited and wc canappropiately be modcst .born it.

YOU" DDU.LI P I I TYOU entcr Iran not only rr r d i c r , bur dro rs an indi-v i d d . T h r iso ur %em&-if wearc Mart enough to uw

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a As a roldrcr, lour dwtes=dl be c l u r l m l Bot &na plzcl ~kcrm,wha youdowan ~ d v i d d - m y o u r m * a uk dm- rr lmpmunt I n n u r psbk MU& spa Aperr dalof au ruccew or f r l l u ~mr)rdepend onwherhr k ranaltkc us. If the]r lskc us, thcyo n help US sn C I X Ikrr unp If &y don\ they n n uu.e us rmoblr If theuc &"be& f r d y m m y m thu.rmfdmec

CFTII.~ rramr #rlmrrGETITNOe l m g ~ nt**t hane,uceptlra&ow doeracy,pdnw-,h e m b k Bur be rAnd member alwc h p or dm rhc Iranabmcrure&t h ing ruho m.have been@ mDugh fm%"zth~cbet h e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f m r w ~ t h & l r ~ ~ l ~ Y I d C f l wtlungr abmurhm,Ibmare mow w p l d.nsr pmnTho.&r rad the. r ~ l x p ~ hrqw of mpmCI;U aIMIMIMI~If eubw In & SmI p l , pu dm'% knmsmvgh about thcm to I . -hepnuon,8


13/53

plncc, they aren't your business; in the third pkrc, you canmake a lotmore friends fmWI aideby julf beinga deccnt,ordinnry, frkndly American.I S I T TWC r m 1W I SIN THE dticr you will find mon of the Iranir friendly

to Americans. I a n ha often turned for help in her prob'Icma to American scientists and ecmomirtr, and the lrnoi.apprccilv whathAmcrbnr have done ro help them.They rpprrciau, tw, thc dons of Amerim miuionuicrto build horpiralr and r m p outh.uite a few ofIran's pmfertionrl men, such aa doctors, w r e cdvnrcd inthe United States, and they have brought back fivanblcrcporu *bout us and ourmumtry.In the country dirtricrn you will find that the p o p kknow less about Aoxrkam. Her. the Geman agenuhavebeen prridrrly acrive a d hrewd. Since the mtive lrnnir

have r din- of morr fmigncn, the Nazis ha. .entt h i r rg~ntr-dis~uiwd3 native and wdl mpplid withmoncy-inw d l mr of r cm e pkce. m$4heir lieruul stir up uoublc. (It is belicvcd that at La.r roo of thew


14/53

Axis undercover a p t r arc still active in vnriml parm ofIran, in spite of the effortsw weed them out.) Your b e twny to but this game b to br friendly and not to offendrhc Irania by cadcm disregard for their customs.

T he zgpoo,oao Irm is ace a mixhlce of poplcr. Thcgbelong to the &led G ucari an race, like ourwlvnderpirs the dark color of the &in, of mm y of them. T d ymany d them arc marc Mutcrnized than the inhabitantsof bordcrine counrrier. You will ue Buroocan wrtvmesquin pnctnlly in thc zitla, but l a r i n the country. Onething m d y all B n i r have in common is the Moslem idigion, which we w illtd kr bo ut nl br kl ar cr on.In the wuntry, mt of thc pcoplc arc mmr f a m e %and they arc very pmr. They grow cereals, fruits, cottonopium, and some vcgeubla. Fm m onethird w twc-thirds of their product g a s to the kndlo rd; they live onthe rat. Lack of warm for iirigation (only about lo p r -cent of the land is undcr culrivstion) r


15/53

Wheat bread is the rraff of l ' i in Iran. Everywhereyou will see people eating round Raps of whole wheat. bread-a working man will get away with about 50pounds of &Ip.n month.In the more mountainous part of the country them arcabout two m rhrcc million rmi-wandering tribesmen whotend {he sheep fmm which comer the fine wool used in

the hmour Persian rugs. Bccavse of the kck of grazinghnd coupled with the =verity of the winerr, thuctribumcn follow the grass through the seasons-in thehigh upland valleys in the summer and in the lowlandranges in winter.The majority of pcople in thc citier are handicraftworkcn-carpcntcn, shocmkcrs, bakers, marom, andmilorr. Each haa a mdl'rhop in the bazaar whereall the work is done by hand. The mt of the city pcoplc

arc mcrchantr, Government oEialr, and big Inndowncrs.Except for the oil indunry (developed m d opcrntcd bythe British with Iranian pmonnel) and far romc rcccntlyintroduced frctorics, mmanvficruring in Iran ir still in thchandicnft stage.Hand-woven rugs even d a y arc Irndr maar impoMnfproduct. 1\1 r matter of fact, many of rhc modern rnrpmnow made in the United States arc woven in old lrrninndcsignr.

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16/53

THE - 0 S L I M I I L I E I O IUNTIL a b w y ago, if a foreigner had attempted tcntu emarquc (Modem church) in Iran, he would proably have btcn beaten to death, md even today it

- srfert to keep ru idy sway from mosques unlcs you arinvited there by a responsible person. At Jut ti- thlrnnis were among rhe mart fanaticalof dl Moslems, nnthe mullahs (prints) were the men who redly mn hcountry. T O ~ S ~ ,he sitvat~onin smewhat chmnd. Thewertemization sf the covouy h u greatly bwn e d thpomr of the mullahs, so t h t although most lranir arstill very devour, religion is no longer the mnuollinnational fmce itMF. -9. YOUwill find, generally speaking, t b t the mullah hold greater power in the munuthan in thc ci t iq and that the counuy popk

thermclver arc stronger in their relig'iouahlicfs, p r t i cd r ly thdr distmrr of inf~da,uthey rcgard m y "on-Mdm.At any ntc, the Modem religion ir rd lforce dl over the country ro that you rhoul

n~ about i t in order m nvoi


17/53

Followers of the M o h elig ion believe in onc God,Allah, and obey the teachings of his prophet, M obm mcd.Thcy follow the mligious pmcr*u which are set fonh intheir sacred bo&, the Kbran. Mort Morluns are v u yson wicntiov~ bout &serving carefully the ruler of thdrreligion. Hem are the fivc most important rulu:

I . Marlems are forbidden to ear pork. To thun thepig is en unclean animal. They also belicvc dogs r eunclean. Ncvcr offer pork to r Morlm, and if you havea mawa dog, be avrc to keep him away h m dMorlemr and crpccially fmm maquer.2. The Maslcm is forbidden to drink m y kind offermented or diiilled liquor. Don't offer him n drink

or Ict h ~ mee you drunk. T o d o either will offend hirreliiow principles.3. The gmd Modem prays fivc r i m e a day, facingrhc holy city M e p in Arabia, kneeling and bowing tothe ground no mrncr where he happens to be whenthe dl m prayer comes. If he rtaru doing this in ymrpr-CC, mspm his religious sincerity. Do not laugh,bur look the other m y until he has finished.4. The M m l m day of r a t is Friday. You will finddm m t all pacer of bushes closed.

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18/53

5. One month during eech y a r all M d m s observthe fast of Ramadan. During that time thcy do not cadrink, or amokc b s w k runrire and sunwt, althougthcy may rtzy up ell night ro make up for it. Thim- that thcy are ofen irritlblc at this seasen, Y) makallownncn. la 1943 R a m d m ( Ram azm in I n n ) w ilbegin a b u t Scptcmber I and last until about October I

M mt of thc Irrnis Momg to the Sbia serr of the M o rlmreligion, which differs in xnne of iu beliefs &om thSunni to which morr of the Md-r of orhcr urunu i a bclong. This probably wn'r make m k h d i L r u v ein your rdarions with the lrrnis, bur it mi ht mmc inhandy to know about it. In the past the S i n i and thShia senr have fought hlmdy and hirvr wnra over theireligions dSercnccr.In addition to Rnmnbn (Ramnzan) which bath th

S h ~ a d Sunni rccts observe, the Shim in Iran havsweek of mavrning d l c d M o h a r r m even more imp ortloto them than Runadm. During that wcek the Shipmourn three dercendantn of the Prophet Moh-cdw h m h h s n a quarrd over the suecession to Mchammed as Caliph of the Mmlcm religion brought abbothe split betw- the nvo wru. During the week oMoharrem it is a good i d o to he u ~ i r l l ycareful in14


19/53

your dealings with the Imnir. F d n g runs high a t lhartime and in the p s t many blmdy lights L v c a u r r m dbetween the Shia Ma~lcms,Sunnk, and nonbeliever*.While M c m is the holy city of all Moslems, the Shiasect in Iran have r holy city of their own-Meshed, ineastern Iran ncu the Afghan border. P ilgrim fmm Indiaand Afghanistan visit the city yearly worrhipprng at thegrcnt ''golden molque," W i a t in Iran. Meshed is s b thecenter of education for the mullahr, the rcligioua Icndezs.In addxtion to the M od em , them are dm in I n n smallgroups of Christians, Icm, and a very ancient religiousgroup, the Zoroastrians. All t h c x religions nrcq -o i x d officially, a kcr which rhowr that the average in-habitant has a kind of broad rolermm. Respect his d i -gion, and he'll respect yourn. Thrr k i t 1W e t alltimer. So if romcbady cakes you to visit a Modem mosqvc(and that is the only safe wry to go) don't laugh or thinkit funny that thc M o r l m r keep their hats on in church,hut ukc their ah- of. Thcy would think our customjust P( odd, but would probably bc too polite to my m.

IRA", CUSTOM. A*. MA**t!I.POLITENESS,as r matter of fact. is one of thc firrtthings you'll notice when you begin to maer the I radr .Their language is onc of the mar &erg in the world

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20/53

and one of the rxhm m plttc p h n w They nre dwvery csmom- There u no backalappmg or roughh w g And they don't know n thmg a b u t bxmg ofighung w~th hnr Bsrr If you should happn to 1o u DmpCr and knock an lrsm down, your outfit woulunmcdqnly get n bad repumaon, to say nothmg of thfact that )PU mtght ruo mnto a mcrJ of trouble m w nlam Per s od d~gmtya very ~mprtnntta an 1-1 Itn p m t to be kept m mmd Thc DIN& ey oIramr my be n ba mlslldmg, somctuncr Often yowdl ftnd that the Iran19youma wrll agree with you namr what you ray or d tell you what they thnnd please you nth- than what you redly wdnt to knowAoMher thmg, mom of the pcopk are enmnely con

xmr of them long bmory and thur culture, and thebehew that I- s vruquc among d the DnUMI of thworld Thcrc nr an old anymg m I- "Hathc WmldIdahan" lrfnhmwar o m o m of the hsmmtbeauufulutznnywherc,and I- bel~evedhat ~f fmkdl the rest of&world to e q u ~a ~ e ~ m g weno, the kmrr p h ~ ybelleve nns boasur. you do about lour own sounayh t h e r thxng


21/53

11C@Mly. l h Irani mo' t v e qpmpcrous mdsy, but cvcn ro theyare known for their hapidiry, and

in the citicr the m d i cntcn thc runt wry u n theUnited States. There arc tabla, chairs, phtu, andrilverwam.In the pmrcr home, however, and in the country theold c u m %am followed. The h r t thing to do ir to watchyour hmt and do as hc docs. You probably wod t pc thcwomen of the family at all. You will i t -lcggcd on theBmr aod cat with your fingers from a way in the cent&:'Ea only wrd your+Ihond,cvsn if you arc a oouthpaw.This is a stria custom. Don'r cat rw much, h u e what.is ldt is for the wqlen and child-.Whcn ym knvc you will h expccrcd to rhnlic hands.But do this gently. The lrnnis do not have a v M i k c gripor pump the h a d up and down.If you want to rmLca giftto your hat, romc American cigarctresor aomc fonn ofJMCU will h appreciated. Better still, send them dong tohim later.When you arc in an lrnni home don't h tw mthushiiabut admiring wrme pdticulsr objca. Out of mune*yyour host might feel obliged to give it to you. If an 1-

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mailto:11C@Mlymailto:11C@Mly


22/53

m n k s youa gift, the proper thing to d o is to give himonof c q u l value in return.often in n home, or even in shop, you will k offere

mffceor tu.If you don't went my, you may rcfux. Buryou rake one cup or glru.yau will be expected to dri& Plean two and p r i b l y thm.To stop at less,once you hayrmrtcd, is u r n r i d c d rude. Butdo not taker founh. l tmrbe&red, but you arc expected to rcfure it. Often the thircup or glass is considered a signal that your visit is at mend and it is time fm you to p unlnr you arc quanccei o the houw.f i Innl Waolsn. The pai t ion of w an cn in I-far more advanced than in many Moslem c owtries. In the cities the veil has dirapparcd h aentirely, except on d d e r women, and Europeadreu is bccoming the rule. Howcver, yon wifind that you canna do in I a n rr yon would ahome. You adnor pick up or &tc nn r a n i girl. Yomu* wait for a f a d nmoducrion.Even then most Irangirls do nn yet have the hcial life that we ~ T C.u.uyomcto. In m r omes you will find that the be-mon, or fmmpartof thchousz, i s m e w e d formen; while the women arin the andismn, or back part of the h m e , where no maisdowed to cnviorcven Imk in.18


23/53

Ocqariodly you will see Irani men and women togetherin public, bur most wwial life is nil1 for men only. Youwill neverm a man and woman walking .rm in arm. Onthe other hand. v w will freauentlv we men walkine hand. ,in hand. Don'r let this give you any funny i d n r abutthem. It ir simply rhc way of cxp ru~ ing riendship.Any approach you might make to an l n n i woman,either in the country or the city, would be svrc to beresented and would nurc almost ccrtrin trouble. So keepyour dinmnce. Don't make pares. Don't even aarc at thcwomen. To do this would only


24/53

lam Them u really no smgglc language m IrmThe k n p g e you wdl hear m l l & p d on the put othe country you are m Io the north, m y f the popl$perk r form of Turkzsh Near the Puuvl Gulf m thsouth, you wdl hca~ b r c T h u c am n u m m u . otheI n n p g n m d dmlects, and many of the eduutcd I n nuna s p k F m h m d Engluh However, the o & d1sngu;lgc of the munq 3s known aa Fa-, or, morcommonly, Persrm, and rmrly all Iranlr understanaomc of rt Smdy the Farsee words and phr- ni thend of thxr guxde, and u e h , m d you wxll be able rgn dongYou should prtlcdrrly learn aamc of rhc most c mmon phte phr- of g r m m g , prnng, nc, such laraLAH-nun o U Y kum (Peace be on you) wbch uu 3 ~ dm H A H ~ ~ Zu g , KHOO-A (cod be your ~ m-or) wbch u uld when nkrng leave of someonbuMIU. l r (In the name of God) whlch u mad befolcpug. and mem-NOON-, whlch u one of the manways of uyrng "Thmk you "Rununbu agaro, your cue u to be polite but OM~ l v

aPd lnuaawnb Except m Tchcrm, you wonfind movru or hM rp n s m d you'll depend on wha29


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sporu equipment your outfit brings with it for nmure-mcnr. Th ere i s however, gmd hunting and m e fuhing.Iran has plcnty of quail, snipe, and w m d c a k , and you'llfind wild boar in some rmionr. If you arc out after rhclatter don't make the mistake of blasting sway rt h iwith nn ordinary rhor gun. T h c b u l k will hmnce offhis tough hide and MU probably run you all thc wryback to u m p i f you can keep nh n d of him.Another favorin sport is chasing k r d l c i n r jeep. Thcmain dikultculty ir lo catch up with thun,for thepilei s dmmt as rwifr and shifty as our own western ante-lope. Also, you'd bcncr watch out for c h d hok duringthe chnw.T h e Iranir h e w d , and andent, way d rching.ducks worth trying. You'll need a Large Bashlight, n p*ceof net rigged likc a bvttcrEy act, a dishpan, and r dub .Plant yourmlf in rhc r e & ar night, rurn on the Bsh-light, bang on the dishpan with your dub, and w p pthe duck in the net when he flies down a t th e light. It'snot 1s easy 18 i t a n d l and m m fua than banging swngwith n gun. L I Y D O. 1 1 1 "T H E kindom of Irnn m u p i e thc -ern rwwhirdr ofthe great Iranian p l a tn u that r m h c s rcmr routhareternAsin from the Indus Riwr in India to the Tigris in Imq.

21


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Iran iuelf extends mughly 6w miles fmm the Caspian Seaon the north to the Pcrrinn Gulf on the m t h ; a b u t goomile* fmm Afghanistan and Baluchisrnn on the cast toTurltcv and lraa on the west. It has an a m aual ro a b u t .one.fifth that of the United Sra te rd28,ooo squaremule+with a population a b u t onetcnrh a* great as ours.Mon of the country is tahlelmd, nnging in elevationfm m 3 . o ~o 8,000 feet a b v c aea Icud; but there am twoamar of m a d owlands. T he one along the shores of thePC& Gulf is n dcwrt with very hot dry winds. Theother, bordering the Carpian Sea, is hot and wet, withrropiul jungles where there arc tigers to be hunted. Atthe of the tableland arc n n g u of mountains whichresemble our Rockies. To cross there mountaim the TransIranian Railway mquimr 124 tunnel* and gloz bridges inh e c o w s of its &o milcr from the Persian Gulf to theCaspian Sea.The grcatcr part of thc tnblcland where most of the pee-

plc live ir dcrerr-much like the drier regions of westernUnircd Stater. In the summer, rhc muntryridc ir brownand derolau, and in the eastern part u c uch areas aa theDarht-i-Kavir (salt d c s r t ) and the Lut D ucr t, which arebarren.Very few people l i x in this cartern parof the tableland. T h o s who do make their living a s h e phcrdr. In the western portion there rm mountain nnges22


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and high valleys. Here, wherever water is avrilable,there isirrigation farming much like that practiced in Utah andNrv%rls.- .-The large cities arc located in the irrigated s p t r .Teheran, the capital, has a ppula t ion of morethan 3oo,mo.Tabriz, in the northwest corner, has abovt 2m,ooop p l c :Irfahan. in the wcarcrn mountains. rw.ooo:Merhcd..in the. .cartern mountainr, 1 4 o . o ~ ;and Rcrhr, on the reiny Carpian coast, about go,wo. Some of thew cities arc very inter-esting for rhcir architccrurc and pcoplc, while Teheran ismodern in many rcrpccrr though you WBUot find the kindof cntcrtarnmenrto which you are accurrorned at home.The climate of Iran is healthful, except in rhc a s p i a nlowlands, whem malarial m o s q ~ ~ t ~ src a danger. ODthetableland the weeher m m b l u that of low, Nebmska,and the Dakotaa though there ir less rainfall. In winterrcnlperaruru are low, although they aeldorn drop M o w

uro. In Jummcr, they avcmgc bcrwccn 70 and 90 degrees,sometimer r a r i n g abavc ~ w.n the t ab l lm d, evenwhenthe day* am hot, bc prepared for sudden d m p in tcmpcra-rurc after the run gocr down.Evcrywhcrc, ucept along the northern -st, rainfall irronry. On the rssccrn tableland the rnio ddom exceedscighr inchu annually, and the wcrrcrn tableland averagesrg incher-abaut t h e m e as %If LnkcCicy.

23


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W l S T D l l l AND C O V I l Y l L N TT W O T H OU SA ND five hundred yean aeo. Iran. the. " . .Perria, was the military nation of the world. C y w thGreat, the first of r series of mldier king, csmhlirhcd aempire that included the whale of thc Middle East fm mlndla to rhc M ed ~u rran eaa nd from the C a u c m sb pto the In d~ anOcean.In chow early years as a world empire, Iran war oganized for total war. According to military hirmrirns war the hnr nation to mt up a system of univcraal miltar" service. Bovs of five beran trainins in the use oa m nd at thc age of 15 cntered into a Fyear perioof advanced training. After thrr they wcrc rerervirliable for militnry duty when needed, until they reachethe age of 50.The Persians were also believed to have been rhc hnm employ 1 4 e r r on a large %ale to increase the fupower of rhcir forces. And they developed this arm futher by puning rhc bowmen on honcbark. .Darius rhc First, gr~ndranof Cyrus, war m u d paticularly for his atrcnrion to rhc prohlcmr of supply. Onof his major work war the conruucrion of a vast nework of military rmdr cvcr which umps and rvpplcould be rnnrputed to any threatened pan of thc onpirc. He alro crrablirhcd an empire-wide rprcm of m m29


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alunicarioll by mounted carriers-not unlike thc famowIn 33, B. C.,the Iranian Empire was finally over-duown by Alexander the Grcnt at the Battle of Arbela.With about q,wo men, hc defeated more than a mil-

Pcrrianr uxd clephanu, probably ihc fin1 time in hirwryr h ~ they appeared on a battlefield as offeosim -pons,rhcir tncrical employment being quite like that of thernnk in wday's wzrfarc.I t tmk 500 years for Ican w make r comehack as anation. Then, under Ardashk, a tribal chief, the pmplcrnconquercd much of their old em pire in the Middle Eastand again dmve into Indla. For thc'ncxt 4w yarr, thePerrhn s were constantly at wac; k h t i n g about 15 majorwan with the Roman Empire a d numerous smaller

~ u rith the Whirc Hvns the A d s , the T u r k s andthe Khazarr.In the 11th century, I n n , dong with orhcr countries,suffered one of the worst blitzkriegs in history. Hordcsof Monzol horsemen. caolbls of tnvcline So miles a b v.or x,wo m i l e a month, swept out of the East dcsuby-ing everything in their p t h . At Mcrv, a city in the north-wcstcrn p r t of the empire, p4wo p p l c were killed.Ar Nirhnpur, all things living, cvcn the mimalr, were

27


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wipcd our, and the city war Icvclcd. For the next rov a n . the counrrv-what there war left of it-was mleby rhc dcwcndanfs of rhc Mongol conqueror.Split rnro small narcs and dommnarcd by forcmgn rulefor ~ c v o a l undred years. Pcra~aarmc again m the 16century undcr the Safavid kings, the of whicwar Shah Abbar. Partially undcr the heel of Turkewhose military power wnr nearly at i u hcighr, ShAhbas began the rmrganization of the P u ~ i l nA mwhich wrs then composed almost cxdusively of lig

cavalry. Wirh the help of two Rritish soldier-advcnrurethc Shidcys, n wellsquipped army of cavalry, infantrand anillcry divisions war created. In l u fim major trithe new army met and dcfcared 1 ~u p c r io r v r k ihkmiqRicting mom than 20,ooo carualticr.From the 17thcentury on, the history of I n n was onof increasing foreign influence, with England and Russthe predominant nations. Wars and internal strife wealmmt ~nccrrantx, that by rhc time the First World Wbmkc out Inn war s lmmt inn ststc of anarchy. Durinthe, war thc Rrit ish, Rusimr, and Tvrkl mvpicd prof the country. In 1921 a new Icadc~,R- Khan, arosan o&r in the famous b a c k Division, her to bcome Shah. Under his lcadcnhip many step t-rdmodeiniution of the country wem &en. In A u p2)


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%h.Today Iran is n constitutional momrrh~,with a Shahand r prliamcnt which is elected evuy 2 years. Iranianpolitics are in a m c w h a t dcl~czrcratc due to the warsimaion, so it ir imponant that you avoid any crprcuionof opinion on polaka1 masers.S A l l T A m l COWD IT IONS

YOU will find few of the sanitary precautions which yourake for ganrcd nr home. Even in thc apital, Teheran.which the Iranians mnrldcr the mon bcautifd capital inrhc world, and which has wide mar and modern build-i n p , you will find no wnud water supply and noserverage system.In thc cities, m a r of rhc tc~lctrarc crude outhouws.In the villagu &


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beta) nm no u f e r than the water from ahrch thq smade, and m gncral should k rvo~dedWma rr curled by morqulmcr, and masqurw ne

am a n ~ s s ~ f y are Thherever thcrc t n r a s f o u dnar d l lso h d p to protect you from Jcorptona, w h rldoL a ba like cnyfuh and whrch have n pznful anw m e r m u dangemur amg They lrkc to rlccp xn shoelo be sure w sh& youn out m the morning k f o r c yopub them onShn, rcdp, and cyc d l r a m are common, 90 p r m ad-lmcs rr vup tmportnnr Be urcful, tm, neverrub your cycr Vcnucd diacase IS prcvalcnt Dodt tachuleeslT h e re some generalhealth hmm Your medrul anr u u t n q &rs wdl glvc you more dctndcd lruuucuor

MISCELLINEOUS I M F O R I I T I OWEUlmMy. The p n n o p d unlr of currency m Inn a thnd (pronounced "mAHL') It lo wonh dou r thrcenta m Ameracan money, and lo dw, worth IW dznm("DEEnai'), ~ u r rar the Amerncan dollar IS worth r


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I very likely make arrangemenu for you to changer money into Iranian cuncncy. If you chvlge yourhowcvcc, barer go to a repurablc bank. The ratechange varies constantly, and the professional moneyarc quick to take advantage of yovr ignorancegc rater.l o Iran the Government and most burinurfollow a calendar peculiar to Iran. Their N cw

r r Day, called No Rooz, is the ~ 1 s tof March. There12 months of 30 or ~r days each starting from that. The 'lunar" or "mwn" calendar is uacd by rcli-us group. That means that there are 13 months ofdrys each. It also mcnns that rpcial dater will nor

bccur at the ram rime of thc year as on our calendar.For instance, in r g q , the feast of Ramadan began =boatSeptember 10, but in 1943thc dare fsllr amund ScptcmhrI . All religious holidays arc figured by the lunar cdcndar, and thu* vary from year toyer .TlmL Train xhcdulcr md government o5-r urn theI(-hour clack, which ia the same as our official Armytime. On this c l a l r p. m. ordinary tims hcomer rsdclmk, 6 p. m. IS 18 o'elack, I T p.m. ir 23 ddock,m.Ouside of the cities, the Moslcrns are very vague aboutthe time, and gemally uw suarbe and 3-r as a rwd .

31


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1heu d I n f P c q t m e d w n o r h s v c a p t d a l o f m t a n i n g b , thcULta ,"w~chLaLq lemorrSpcsd and haste are almost mkmmm. hn0ncofauq)mm.WhenmIlsolupr"nav"hcmerm~rhrnanhour01 How-, thc Innu have ~e"enl*a Wbm he np mmmrd ' (FAR-DAH) freqwrady b m l #y,wm of msho and mruh m a r m the fuaur ura of lhar sun. If gou run mto.,I,f t k you wtU -ply hrve mW ~ l a d Y l l r u n r T h r m c m r p ~ ~ n u u a d b r d l Lsmthemwkmtheumcmmer.&mcmr am t and m g h a m I-. The un* of In mnldltnm,pnmsululy, th.hgh m thcm tm r y u ~ is937 are s nguc about d u t u r ar thc "mmcr," &h lr-&,orrh&morrthmendourpudr .Thmt M are abmt &. nq hrscof mad duwrr u thc "kthmer," ah& IS r , w mrra ~ 1 * s L d emy l n l e p d&m t bwor about fi-hthr (a It& over mhrlf) ofM L ~f our h o c s Do not place mo muchrmlcl Thr ~ ~ n ff w&t it thc %!+gram," which cm6&rxc m n+mg they tdlpu.

sn pounds m our q m . L ~ q u darc


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C1 1 1C I L I S T O I DO ' S IPS. D0W.T.Rerpcct the lrrnir as men and ar roldicrr; recognize thattheir way of lrfc is as right and natural for them ayoun is for you.E x p t to barpin for your purchavr and always arrive

ar a price bcforc accepting any gmdr or services what-m C r .Alwsya wash your hands before caring, and say'"Bi~mi l ld"if Mmlcmr arc p r c x n rRespar the Morlcmr at pnycr.Keep any dogs of your ow n away from mosques andfrom Modem hom e.Drink water only as hot tea or after bailing.In general, take your cues on manncn from rhc I r v l i ~and remember that your mission may fail if you rmkc. .cncmin of rhcm.

h ' r try to tell Innis how much bcttcr cvcryrhing b inrhc United Srarcr. They think most things ue bnrcrin Iran.Don't discus religion.Don'r d iwuu polaicr.Don't cntcr mmqucs vnlcrr you arc invited and escortedrhcrc by r Mmlem.Don'r offer an rani liquor or drink it in front of h i .

Don't offeren I n n i pork in any f o m : b n , murage, orfood -Led in lard.Dodc much or j a d e Irani men; cvcn thms you knowquite well will n n t t.Don't twcb a rnpch lMe Ir?ni woman, or even I done unneccrnrily.Don't rvike an Inni .Don'r threaten Innis ; usepcnuaaion, cxplmmion, and rwards m gcr things done.Don't c r p c your body in the presence of an Inni .Don't rnirrakc courtesy for friendship; an I n n i is d w a ppolite, but he is hrndsmcnrnlly ~ v r p i c i o u ~f forcignua.

Don't expect definite future commiuncnu: when an n n irays "now" he means "thb very hour"; when he raysFAR-DAH (tomorrow) he means " m e t i m e m th efuturc."Don'r expect definite knowledge of distances fm m mun

try men;they travel little and have never l u r n c d n,urrnumbcrs (except very s d o n n ) with any eDon't ridicule or criticize rhc Irnnb inEnglish in public places. Some know'

English q v i v as well layou do.Above all, lus common ~ o s con all,' -ion$. An d m e m b e r chat cvcryAmerican roldicr is an unofficialem.basador of gmd will.


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WIMTS ON mowocwcwa P1I tS14MTHESE am pronuncution hints to hclp you in h i oto the Persian language recordswhich have bccn supplito your tr m p unit. They will alm help p u with the pnunciation of sdditional words and phr- given in thvorsbulary below, which arc nn indudcd in rhc records

There is nothing very dil6cult about Persian-ceprthat you won't bc able to read signs and mwapapers ywiU'%c. That ir bccau~ethc Pcrrirnr we a diffuerilphabcr fmm ours. l h re fo rc , t he insmiom and vcabulary helow arc not bared on the written Pcrdnn laguage, but are n aimplifvd system of repruenting thlanguage as it rouad,. This system mnrainr letters for drhc yrvnds you rnrur make to be underrood. Ir docs ncontain Icrrcrs fa r s a n e of the soundsyou will hear, butwill give you enough to g a by on, both listening anspeaking. The rounds of Persian Yarg fmm region' C ~ ~ D I I , v a n e in pronunciationry much rr Englishthis country. The dialect you will hear on the recordsa n a th c rn dialcrt, and if you follow it you will be underrmd almost cvcrywherrHere uc n few simple ruler to hclp you:

I. Arrmrr. You know what the accented syllable ofword is, of course. It' is the syllable which ir spoklouder than the other sylbblcs in the word. W35


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I1 show accented (loud) syl lable m cap~tl llctten andaccented syl lable ~nm l l etters.r Yo& Thnc arc the kxnd d aoundr we mprerntEngltsh by a. r. ,,o, u,d,ay, etc rust fo l low the keglav and you wtll haveno tmublc, or A 0 in w ( E X W I P ~ :YI.IL N A me=niw"m")

or N1 qurL dw e. in father (EumpL: CHAHR.meanurLins .Your"): rn AY q m l . the ay in day (Elmplc: a-LAH-ox*.-LAY-kxn, mnninz 'gmd b y " ): or E equsud, the bl in iot (Exam* YEK. m&"-",'. or EE q u l r Ih. ee b lzet (Example: BEEST "m"iw' " ~W ~V ' ' )or I ~ ~ u r Lw i bc,(Elrmplc: I s m i m n . i n ~"mynunc 3, )or Aw equals the au in w l n l but d i w d hbon (Er-ample: j vnS mu n iw .'Fndn~")

m or 00 &s dw 00 boat (Ewnph:m a - N O O N -.irswdm "W You")" or U q w l . the her mw (Example: k*.d.NUM, ma".i.8 %ladunorM'u")o or 0 .qulls the o in lac iexmplpl AHBB I 0 0-0.

Iw "k,")3. Consaa#nu.The mmmntr nre all thc sound. that

arc not vowels. Pronounce t k m jurr as you know themin Englnrh. All uuuonsoll &odd h pronounced.a7


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N~~~~" ~ l i ~ h r "hem. Here arc PDW -m a n


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LIST *.ST USEFUL WOIDS IWO PWIASKSHU1E isah of rhc morr wchrl words and phc- you w i l l need in Persian. You should / e m rhrsr by heart. They arc the words and p h r w r includcd on the Persian

gusgc records,and a p p r here in the order rhcy acvr C-np .n.- C M

[Engkh--Sii#rF?d Pnn.n Swflnpl-n - W H nus n - Y-BXIe

M A Undcnrrnd ml--E E C i . * dIclont uodmund-NA-me-/@-- H E W ME- man- PI-. ~ p o k I lowly-khnl-

an-NOON- her-TE W R F BE---NEEDh**"


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Mlt*.loum right--& RAHST B E . w rn '.light Id -UmTr M n-rrnl

I h - k CHAP 8 E - m P I - point+hd-HISX Mr h d kw-mn, niJHAHN BEheedolrura ur drm in hi lomeun nor mila Onr hlomnr. 4"d. % of s mil..

W W J o 4 I E T Rm m h

-YEK U V - P - ~ P D A ~d A W + h ~ d e e i . D A hM E oinmr-oorDdhf 0 v r S H A H R m m y - mf i v c P d N 1 M x a r y o n c B E E S T < w . Y E K, k - s H I S H thVty-sEsx-HAFT t h i - t H E z ~ z c D 0&-heHASHT fo-heHILn i n c N d W h f i h p - w m + A H h- D A h r i x W H A S Iclr-hi-DAh 8mmnJ.f-TdHD- I ~ ~ . V ~ ~ . D A ~ &~~+~ . TAHDt b m -s - D A h n i n w # - V A Db m c m - . - i W r D " h one h " n d n d 4 A D -Mtee-hu-DAh r l h ~ . Z N I R.h-,hah",.DAh10


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Wh. , l cCHEEST I want rig--MAN a-I d N C A HR M E E . kbhnW h ' . Ib.3--IN CHEEST m ur--BE.&bw.wmI-MAN I w a r m ",--MAN MEE.armen-a-GAHR 4h- B E . k h . l ; ~ ~ rntd(EE.kh.hrn

r-B n d - N A H N Milk--SHEERPrut-mce .VE B a d H B - e 10Wa-AH# A 8I.s d h Y E K 'n'LAHSEm s-TA WK H-n r MAWRGH AH& I0M s C C U S H T A NP ofd - Y E K @ . l A H N Poe tas -SEE& n- m e-N EE CAh-VEh d ' i W L 0 A NP d tn-YEK fn-IAHNd.h.EE' k b - m d . H E ETOfin4 outh r n d biom -,I yo" my:

How m w h ? - 4 H A N D m wOnc "-AKL"-YEK Two " - A W - D A W me.AHL AHL

n-What tin. hl-&-XI Ten w -Ah d . - r n ~ RCHAND M AZ YEK w . x u b - T E

41
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Qmmr p t i v f i Y E K R A W BAZ PAN) p . w d T E

h o t y psrt W-BEPST 1.*"a AZ HAJT In'".* mh T EHdf p t t w - S H I S H - a *N E WT w n t y of n p b c E E E S T d r-ce & HASHT MeE&h+-.rd

@arm of w ~ Y E K R A W BbrDAW MEE-mnA.d-.rdw b u t i m c C H e VAKWh e mo"iC,e,."..MAH.mnenehi).ROO MeBrha-v-.rd

N what nmr dos Ih. mmusun?--CUE VAKHT mn MAH I ~ S ~ . R O OMee .,Aa.md

h e h . l r p l a n h J H I Nh v 4 e r a K A T M E E b bMd

What am. dm. d,c rmI ~ ~ X ? - C H E V A K H PnnS-SH IN h m - M T MEE4 - a d

Thy--1M-ROO2T ~ ~ w - F A R - D A H .

,D b .,tk.l*

SundarYEK-,hSn-BP Thunda+ANI-'rb.n-BEM o n d ~ y D A w - r 6 a n - B E P r i d a - n - ETurrdry--SE.,hm-BE S a N n t y - - h - B EW&) cC H A H 8- s 4am - B

y.d.P""W h a t i. your n-?--IS-m.

S ~ - M H C H E E ~M y onmc L J&--ISns MANlobs M

I b r do )ou uy "ublr" io- DAR /&-SEE~1641C H E M E E . w r r dc d b ~ h a m . ~h . m

4


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*ummlll.F*N..l e.,.IInk (d r nv+r)--ru H E L I a X c D A R ?ah CHEryom (1lght)-ROO2 m " n 4 u l Y A W

I c x n - - l d h RAW n 6 n - h &hPAHNnva--ROOD k k h NEmow--nn(k3

x r or ,vask-pn GAL $,"lag or -..r hol-woods n g r o r c ) n SHE MEYSH ME

mars-


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Scptemk zr m C e o k 2,- h b r 1 m 21-MEhR DAYCdz&r n m Novemkr 21- January 21 10 Lbrvvyd - B A H N d d h - M A NNwrmbr n m *rcmber .I- ~ ~ b r u a r yt m -b .I-.NI-ZIR FAND

bey (or %)-+SAR h m b n d u h - H d R kotherd . .mh .DAR m A A R D c b i l d - h - C H E mether-d-DAR dlvgbler (or glrl)--dukh-TAR d s w -k h h -N A R f a m i l ~ - K n A H d Q E w - 4 d N L & r l r r l rD A R

D""" sad,.nn-&h.ZOO .ycC HE SHM bck-PAWSHT fmgt-n*-c.fwsH+ W , - k . D A N f r n t -P A N d O O S H h d O O bnod--D4fl n a c d n . M . 4 H C H or &NEE @ - J A R r&da"dnh.HAHI s r S d H G H - r PdH dqI-PulHN m&~-HAN l o c m e C d W S M - r PAH ~ k - m . D . 4 N Yu . ad l un * un.T A K H te KHAHB r-II. KAWNbl&-,..TOo aow (& p l u e ) - * u&an.d , .m I h REEr r ~U
http:///reader/full/kotherd..mhhttp:///reader/full/kotherd..mh


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u m b c M k Y A H R

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g l o u d e - K E W m ~ h I V A H Rhu--t--t-LAHh undcnhin-ZPER pcnd.,k.n . r k d c k # r r h - V N I + NEEul-u...

4 - K H O O B r o l d - - S A D6 n d - - B d D h e c C A R M ,Xi. large, gxa~-AwRC %+TARsmdl or ltt?l-kc+CHEK d-KHAWSHKnghl-RAHST ~ ~ 0 ~ i r c ~ e - R d ~ ~I d d 4 H A P c h c l p a Z A H Nrick-d-KAWSH c ~ * o h - U &u . l C K H O O B or KKAWSH &lI-PAWRhungry- -pau.mur-NE long-4r-UHZthi",y--y.b.NE .har-frn-TAHhbbr*-s, .YAHb h . v r u s . G b E Nwbi--FEED h z b w . B A W Kred--SAWRYH . dd id F e m o l ) - P E E Rblu-&BEE old (of ~ ~ ) - 4 a w b - N E* . c e M B T new-xoycUo&ARD y e V A H Nb ' g h 4 # u - L A N D elcar-PAHKl o - h - T A H 1 d i r ~ - - 4 a - S s E Fd e H O D or a-MEECH -ORrhallw--COD NEEST -s.DEU[N o d - r k M A H L % s L 4 H A R G HS s v M w N O O B W n t - G H A R B


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-bw ~ P K E Ew b c - C H Ehow mny-6.sd-TAHhow f H H E CHADR RIh am y o n c K A - , ~everytdy--H.,R.~a,

f o r 4 ~ - R A H - ) r+AZi P D A R or TOO w


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