Poetry is an attempt to paint the color of the wind. ~ Maxwell Bodenheim, poet

A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas)

POETPOET The poet is the

author of the poem.

SPEAKERSPEAKER The speaker of the

poem is the “narrator” of the poem.

FORM - the appearance of the words on the page

LINE - a group of words together on one line of the poem

STANZA - a group of lines arranged together

VERSE – any division of lines

A word is dead When it is

said, Some say.

I say it just Begins to live

That day.

Couplet = a two line stanzaTriplet (Tercet) = a three line stanzaQuatrain = a four line stanzaQuintet = a five line stanzaSestet (Sextet) = a six line stanzaSeptet = a seven line stanzaOctave = an eight line stanza

The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem

Rhythm can be created by meter, rhyme, alliteration and refrain.

A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed syllables

of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern.

When poets write in meter, they count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. They repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

FOOT - unit of meter A foot can have two or

three syllables. Usually consists of one

stressed and one or more unstressed syllables.

TYPES OF FEETThe types of feet are determined by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables. Iambic - unstressed,

stressed Trochaic - stressed,

unstressed Anapestic - unstressed,

unstressed,stressed Dactylic - stressed,

unstressed, unstressed

Iamb: The best in life is yet to come. I’ve bet my loot that you’re my hon.

Trochee: Tuck me tight and let me sleep. Pray to God my soul to keep.

Anapest: When the best of the people get slaughtered outright Not a good soul can sleep without nightmares at night.

Dactyl: Touching the fretting with tentative fingers Mark couldn’t bring out the best in his singers.

Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds.

(A word always rhymes with itself.)

Remember: all poems do not have to rhyme! Shares the short “a”

vowel soundShares the combined

“mp” consonant sound

CAMPDAMPLAMPRAMPSTAMP

A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line:

Hector the Collector Collected bits of string.

Collected dolls with broken heads And rusty bells that would not ring.

A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line.

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary. Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,

While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping…

From “The Raven” Edgar Allan Poe

Also known as: imperfect rhyme, near rhyme, and close rhyme

The words share EITHER the same vowel or consonant sound, BUT NOT BOTH

ROSEROSELOSELOSE

Different vowel sounds (long “o” and “oo” sound)

Share the same consonant sound

SLUMBERSLUMBERTIMBERTIMBER

A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme (usually end rhyme, but not always).

Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually “see” the pattern.

Traditional rhyme schemes: A A B B C C D D… A B A B C D C D A B B A C D D C A B C A D E F D

See the next slide for an example…

The Germ ~ Ogden NashThe Germ ~ Ogden Nash

A mighty creature is the germ,Though smaller than the pachyderm.

His customary dwelling place Is deep within the human race.

His childish pride he often pleases By giving people strange diseases. Do you, my puppet, feel infirm? You probably contain a germ.

aabbccaa

SIMILE METAPHOR ONOMATOPOEIA PERSONIFICATION ALLITERATION ASSONANCE CONSONANCE HYPERBOLE SYMBOLISM ALLUSION IMAGERY

Similar to alliteration EXCEPT . . .

The repeated consonant sounds can be anywhere in the words

“silken, sad, uncertain, rustling, sneaky . . “

Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry. Often creates near rhyme

lake fate base fade(All share the long “a” sound.)

“Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing.”-John Masefield

“Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.”- William Shakespeare

A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect

I could sleep for a year.

These books weigh a ton.

He embraced her a thousand times.

When a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself also represents, or stands for, something else.

A word, picture, event, or person can represent or “symbolize” something else.

Language that appeals to the senses (sensory imagery) Most images are visual, but they can also appeal to the

senses of sound, touch, taste, or smell. Imagery creates the whole picture for a reader

…then with cracked hands that ached

from labor in the weekday weather . . .

from “Those Winter Sundays”

Allusion comes from the verb “allude” which means “to refer to”

An allusion is a reference to something famous, usually another literary work.

Shakespeare is known for alluding to other works in his poems and plays, or his works are the references commonly made in other texts

A tunnel walled and overlaidWith dazzling crystal: we had read Of rare Aladdin’s wondrous cave,

And to our own his name we gave.

From “Snowbound”John Greenleaf Whittier

Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables.

Does NOT have rhyme.

Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you.

Recognized as a more modern type of poetry.

A short poem Usually written in first person point of view Expresses an emotion or an idea, or describes

a scene A lyric does not tell a story and is often musical

when read aloud.

A Japanese poem written in three lines, usually about nature or an element of nature or environment.

five syllablesseven syllablesfive syllables

(punctuation not necessary)

Behold the egoSet in glowing emptiness

On the edge of time By Noel Kaufmann

Freeway overpass--Blossoms in grafitti on

fog-wrapped June morningsBy Michael R. Collings

A fourteen line poem with a specific rhyme scheme.

The poem is written in three quatrains and ends with a

couplet.

The rhyme scheme isabab cdcd efef gg

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate.

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.

Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,

And often is his gold complexion dimmed;

And every fair from fair sometimes declines,

By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed.

But thy eternal summer shall not fade

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;

Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade,

When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

A poem that tells a story Generally longer than the

lyric styles of poetry because the poet needs to establish characters and a plot.

There is a relatively obvious beginning and end.

A ballad is: A simple narrative song, or,

alternatively, a narrative poem suitable for singing.

Examples of Narrative Examples of Narrative PoemsPoems

“The Raven”“The Highwayman”“Casey at the Bat”

“The Walrus and the Carpenter”

In concrete poems, the words are arranged to create a picture that relates to the content of the poem.

PoetryIs like

Flames,Which are

Swift and elusiveDodging realization

Sparks, like words on thePaper, leap and dance in theFlickering firelight. The fiery

Tongues, formless and shiftingShapes, tease the imagination.

Yet for those who see,Through their mind’s

Eye, they burnUp the page.

A lament in a sad, outpouring of emotion, usually in mourning or deep grief.

A LamentBy Percy Bysshe Shelley

O World! O Life! O Time!On whose last steps I climb,

Trembling at that where I had stood before;When will return the glory of your prime?

No more -Oh, never more!

Out of the day and nightA joy has taken flight:

Fresh spring, and summer, and winter hoarMove my faint heart with grief, but with delight

No more -Oh, never more!