pokorak fbi national missing persons.ppt · and establish the national missing persons dna ......

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NIJ / UNT CHI’SForensic Science Training & Development

WorkshopMissing Persons and Unidentified Human Remains

h ’ b ’ dThe FBI’s Laboratory’s Assets and Approach for Missing Person

Cases Eric Pokorak – Missing Persons Program

Manager DNA Analysis Unit I

Thank You• NIJ

• Charles Heurich and John Paul Jones

• UNT Center for Human Identification• Art Eisenberg

• John Planz

• Steve, George, Joe, Melody, Dixie, Gill etc.

• Mrs. Smolinski

• You

We’re here to help, so call

EricW: 703 632 7586W: 703-632-7586

C: 703-928-5680

[email protected]

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• Visual by next of Kin

• Fingerprints / Footprints

M di l / A th l i l

Legally Accepted Methods of Identification

• Medical / Anthropological

• Dental

• DNAEven a partial DNA profile in conjunction with Anthropological, Medical, Dental and/or artifacts associated with recovered remains can give the Medical Examiner or Coroner enough information to make an identity.

FBI Resources for Missing Person Cases•Field Offices and Resident Agencies

•Evidence Response Teams Unit

•Trace Evidence Teams Unit

•Firearms and Toolmarks Unit

•Latent Finger Prints Unit

•DNA Analysis Units I & II

•CODIS Unit

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Field Offices And Resident Agencies

• Investigation assistance provided to state and local law enforcement

• Evidence Response Teams (ERT)

Coordinated through the ERT Unit at the FBICoordinated through the ERT Unit at the FBILaboratory

Capability, expertise, and equipment needed for excavation of clandestine burial sites

Training of ERT members in skeletal remainexcavation by annual seminar at the University of Tennessee’s ‘Body Farm’

Good quality samples start with good recovery techniques and practices

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• Collection Kit Distribution for Missing Persons Cases

Bone / Tooth Collection Kit for Unidentified Remains

Blood Cell Collection Kits for Relatives of Missing Blood Cell Collection Kits for Relatives of Missing Persons

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• Direct Collection of Samples By Special Agents If Needed

Both kits previously mentioned as well as direct reference samplesp

Tsunami example

• Sample collection can be done by state or local law enforcement as well







•CODIS Unit

Trace Evidence Trace Evidence UnitUnit

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Trace Evidence Unit

• Facilitates Forensic Anthropology examinations through our partnership with the Smithsonian and Dr. Douglas Ubelaker

• Training of two forensic anthropologist examiners g p gunder the tutelage of Dr. Ubelaker for American Board of Forensic Anthropology certification.

• Forensic anthropology capability ‘in-house’.

• Facilitate Facial Reconstruction by the Investigative and Prosecutive Graphics Unit

• Traditional hair and fiber examinations

Hair Examination by Trace Evidence

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Microscopic Association







•CODIS Unit

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Cut marks and tool marks

Latent Print Latent Print Operations UnitOperations Unitpp

(LPOU)(LPOU)

Disaster SquadDisaster Squad-- FBI’s Disaster Squad created in 1940 to

respond to a plane crash involving an FBI employee

– Primary means of identification was through fingerprints.

D t l b i l d h tl th ft• Dental became involved shortly thereafter, followed by the use of DNA

– Primary source of Squad members are LPU examiners

– LPU has responded to 225 disasters • Total of 8,612 decedents• 4,909 decedents identified by fingerprints,

palm prints or footprints• 57% of total decedents identified

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IAFIS

Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System

• Automated system for processing fingerprints and criminal history data

• Service to federal, state and local law enforcement and criminal justice users

• Service to civil community for employment and licensing

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The skull is first examinedby a Forensic Anthropologist,who determines the sex, race, and age of the victim.

The skull is first examinedby a Forensic Anthropologist,who determines the sex, race, and age of the victim.

Skin depth markersSkin depth markersSkin depth markersare added, and photographsare taken of the skull.

Skin depth markersare added, and photographsare taken of the skull.

The victim was identified shortly after this drawing was released. The victim was identified shortly after this drawing was released.

Computer Aging

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FBI Resources for Missing Person Cases

•Field Offices and Resident Agencies






•CODIS Unit

H.R. 1260 & H.R. 106-398 (FY 2000)Passed by Congress with continuing funding.

National Missing Person DNA Database

Amended the DNA Identification of 1994to include the Missing Persons Indices in CODISand establish the National Missing Persons DNADatabase Program at the FBI Laboratory

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Purpose of the National Missing Persons DNA Database

● Identify and repatriate skeletal remains by DNA analysis.

● FBI Laboratory to process missing f DNA ( DNA & persons cases for DNA (nDNA &

mtDNA) analysis for law enforcement entities which did not have capability at no charge

● Utilize national database where the MP DNA data could be stored and compared.

DNA Analysis Unit II(Mitochondrial DNA)

DNA Analysis Unit I(Nuclear DNA)


CODIS Unit


Unidentified Human RemainsorMissing Person Reference

FBIField Office

LocalLE / ME

NDIS

FBIFBINMPDDNMPDD State Lab

State CODIS

Field Office

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Bone / Tooth Collection Kits for Unidentified Human Remains

Blood Cell Collection Kits for Relativesof Missing Persons

HAIRBONEBONETEETHBODY FLUIDS

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Traditional Paternity Trio

?

Does size matter?

Paternal Inheritance of Y-STRs

1st1st generation

2ndgeneration

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Maternal Inheritance of mtDNA

1st1st generation

2ndgeneration

Reference SamplesTransition for direct (pair wise) comparison to pedigree comparison

1st generation

2ndgeneratio

n

How can you help us?• Collect as many reference

samples as you can• Collecting samples vs. running samples

• Collect and provide Meta Data

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Missing Person SamplesAsk if direct reference samples / deduced victim’s knowns are available?These samples should be used for STRs for they offer the most direct comparisony pCase examples

Blood stain in home of missing mother, consistent with sonMother, Father, and shirt from daughter’s apartment Mother and three children of missing man

Reference samplesCollection and processing of 2 reference samples is necessary to build a pedigree(potential NDIS requirement)

The greater the number of references used (1st degree), the greater the discrimination of the pedigree for comparison

Having Mom for STR and Mito analysis is not enough

Table 2Preferred Family Reference Samples

Known Identical twin


Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) Recommendations


Adapted from M. Prinz, et al Forensic Science International: Genetics 1 (2007) 3-12

Both ParentsOne parent, spouse and childrenChildren and spouseOne parent and sibling(s)Siblings (two or more)

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Identical Twins

Adapted from M. Prinz, et al Forensic Science International: Genetics 1 (2007) 3-12

Meta DataFor Unidentified Remains, CODIS v.6.0 will need:

SexAgeHeightRace / ethnicityDate body foundGeographic location and description (including City and State)GPSPhysical anomaliesScars, Marks, Tattoos

Meta DataFor Missing Person Information, CODIS v.6.0 will need:

SexAgeHeightRace / ethnicityDate of last contactGeographic location and description (including City and State) of last contactGPSPhysical anomaliesScars, Marks, Tattoos

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COmbined DNA Index System

The NMPDD uses three indices of CODIS

The Unidentified Human Remains Index

Missing Person Index

The Relatives of Missing Persons Index

How the National DNA Index System Works

DNA Profiles can

City & County Laboratories Upload DNA Profiles to the State Level

DNA Profiles can be compared at the State Level

…then uploaded to the National Level for comparison to DNA profiles from other states

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Missing Person DNA Laboratories

Connecticut State Crime Lab

Minnesota Bureau ofCriminal Apprehension

New Jersey State Police Laboratory

California Departmentof Justice

Arizona Departmentof Public Safety

FBI Laboratory

University of North TexasHealth Science Center

DNA like other methods is only part of the information that is needed to bring the picture into focus.

Is the picture in focus enough for the

A DNA Match Is Made

Medical Examiner or Coroner to make a determination?

It is up to the Medical Examiner or Coroner to determine if the remainsare that of a particular individual.

They sign the death certificate.

Contact information:

Eric Pokorak


(703) [email protected]

John E. B. (Jeb) Stewart(703) 632-7582

pokorak fbi national missing persons.ppt · and establish the national missing persons dna ......

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