Polarized sources and Targets, Section 9aPolarized sources and Targets, Section 9a

• 16 talks in parallel sessions.• New projects J-Park, U-70 Protvino, polarized D in Nuclotron –Dubna. Polarized antiprotons, PAX at GSI ! • Polarized Sources and Targets Workshop PST-2007 at BNL.

Anatoli Zelenski, BNL

SPIN 2006Kyoto, October 5, 2006

• Present.• Spin physics with the polarized electron (muon

COMPASS) beams on the fixed target.• Solid targets, gas targets.• RHIC - the first operational polarized proton collider.

Projects.• eRHIC – polarized 10 GeV electron +250 GeV polarized

proton (He-3) beams.• Polarized proton-antiproton collider at GSI.

Polarization must be obtained as an additional beam quality at the maximum possible Luminosity!.

RHIC: the “Polarized” Collider

BRAMS

STARPHENIX

AGSLINAC

BOOSTER

Pol. H- ion source

Spin Rotators20% Snake

Siberian Snakes

200 MeV polarimeter

AGS inelastic polarimeter

AC Dipoles

RHIC pC “CNI” polarimeters

PHOBOS

RHIC

Absolute H-jetpolarimeter

70% Polarization Lmax = 1.6 1032 s-1cm-2 50 < √s < 500 GeV

AGS pC “CNI” polarimeter

5% Snake

Polarization facilities at RHIC.

Polarization facilities at RHIC.

Optically-Pumped Polarized H- Ion Source (OPPIS) at RHIC.Optically-Pumped Polarized H- Ion Source (OPPIS) at RHIC.

RHIC OPPIS produces reliably 0.5-1.0mA(maximum 1.6 mA) polarized H- ion current.Pulse duration 400 us.Polarization at 200 MeV P = 82-87 %.

Beam intensity (ion/pulse)routine operation:Source - 1012 H-/pulseLinac (200MeV) - 5∙1011

Booster - 2∙1011, 50% - scraping. AGS - 1.7∙1011

RHIC - 1.4∙1011

(p/bunch).A beam intensity greatly exceeds RHIC limit, which allowed strong beam collimation in the Booster, to reduce longitudinal and transverse beam emittances.

SPIN -TRANSFER POLARIZATION IN PROTON-Rb COLLISIONS.

SPIN -TRANSFER POLARIZATION IN PROTON-Rb COLLISIONS.

Rb+

H+ H+Proton source

Proton source

Laser-795 nmOptical pumpingRb: NL(Rb) ~1014 cm-2

Sonatransition

Sonatransition

Ionizercell

Ionizercell

H-

Laser beam is a primary source of angular momentum:

10 W (795 nm) 4•1019 h/sec 2 A, H0 equivalent intensity.

Supperconducting solenoid 25 кГс

1.5 kG field

Charge-exchange

collisions: ~10-14 cm2

Na-jet ionizer cell:

NL(Na)~ 3•1015 cm-2

Electron to proton polarization transfer

ECR-29 GHz Н+ source

Rb+

Polarized H- ion current pulse out of 200 MeV linac.

Polarized H- ion current pulse out of 200 MeV linac.

Faradey rotation polarization sinal.

500 uA cuurentAt 200 MeV.85-hole ECRSource for themaximum polarization.

400 uS 12·1011 -polarized H- /pulse.

86.7%

86.4%

200 μA 400 μs pulse at 200 MeV

~4.8∙1011 H-/pulse

Polarization measurement in 200 MeV polarimeter.Polarization measurement in 200 MeV polarimeter.

Polarization measurements in RHIC at 100 GeV.Polarization measurements in RHIC at 100 GeV.

H-Jet Polarimeter Upgrades & Status H-Jet Polarimeter Upgrades & Status

Yousef Makdisi Collider-Accelerator Department, BNL

Spin 2006

BNL: A. Bravar, G. Bunce, R. Gill, Z. Li. A. Khodinov, A. Kponou, Y. Makdisi, W. Meng, A. Nass, S. Resica, A. Zelenski, V. Zubets

WISCONSIN: T. Wise, M.A. Chapman, W. Haeberli

Kyoto: H. Okada, N. Saito

ITEP-Moscow: I. Alekseev, D. Svirida

IUCF: E. Stephenson

Rikkyo U.: K. Kurita

Data analysis: H.Okada, O. Eyser, K. Boyle

H-jet polarimeter.Atomic Beam Source.

H-jet polarimeter.Atomic Beam Source.

B

ANbeam (t ) AN

target (t )

for elastic scattering only!

Pbeam = Ptarget . Nbeam / N

target

Atomic beam intensity- 12 ∙1016 atoms/s

H-jet thickness -1.5∙ 1012 atoms/cm2

Beam in the Cage

Camera Focus on Near Wires

Camera Focus on Far Wires

Camera Focus on Beam

Feasibility studies of new polarization techniques for electron, H- ion and 3He++ ion beams.

Feasibility studies of new polarization techniques for electron, H- ion and 3He++ ion beams.

A.Zelenski, J.Alessi, E.Beebe, A.Kponou, A.Pikin, J.Ritter, BNLR.Milner, F.Simon MIT Bates, E.Hughes , C.O’Connel, CALTEC S.Kokhanovski, V.Zubets, (INR, Moscow) V. Davidenko, BINP Novosibirsk

A new generation of polarized electron, H- and 3He+

+

ion sources will provide polarized beams (if successful after a few years of further development) for RHICII and eRHIC spin physics.

Pulsed OPPIS layout.Pulsed OPPIS layout.

He –ionizer cell serves as a proton source in the high magnetic field.

H0

H2 neutralizer cell

Rb cell

Proton

source

Proton “cannon” of the atomic H injector.Proton “cannon” of the atomic H injector.

The source produced 3 A ! pulsed

proton current at 5.0 keV.

~20-50 mA H- current. P=75-80% ~10 mA , P=85-90%.~ 300 mA unpolarized H- ion current.

Ion Optical System with “geometrical focusing”.

EBIS ionizer for polarized 3He gas (proposal).EBIS ionizer for polarized 3He gas (proposal).

He(2S)→He(1S)

He(2S)→He(1S)

He-3 metastability-exchange polarized cell

P - 80-90%.

Pumping laser 1083 nm.

Pumping laser 1083 nm.

EBIS-ionizer,

B~ 50 kG

EBIS-ionizer,

B~ 50 kG

RFQRFQ

He-transfer line. Valve.

~50·1011 , 3He /pulse.

2.5·1011 He++/pulse

The HERMES Polarized H&D Gas Target: 10 Years

of Operation

Erhard Steffens

University of Erlangen-Nürnbergand

HERMES Collaboration (DESY-Hamburg)

• Introduction and history

• Polarized gas targets in a high energy storage ring

• Overview of HERMES H&D target

• Summary of runs 1996 to 2005 (H║, D║ H┴)

• Conclusions

October 3, 2006 E. Steffens – Spin 2006

The Clue to High Density: The Clue to High Density: Storage CellsStorage Cells

Polarized atoms from source

Target areal density given by

t = L o

with o = It / Ctot and Ctot = S Ci

Note: Conductance of tube proportional to d3/L

• Ballistic flow from Atomic Beam Source (H, D)• Flow driven by pressure gradient Laser Driven Sources (H, D, 3He)

• Ballistic flow from Atomic Beam Source (H, D)• Flow driven by pressure gradient Laser Driven Sources (H, D, 3He)

Storage Cell proposed by W. Haeberli•Proc. Karlsruhe 1965, p. 64•Proc. Workshop IUCF 1984, AIP Conf. Proc.#128, p.251

Density gain compared to Jet of

same intensity can be up to several hundred!

T-shaped storage cell

October 3, 2006 E. Steffens – Spin 2006

Target Performance

Target/year H║ (1997) D║ (2000) H┴ (2003)

r 0.055 0.003 0.004

PSE 0.035 ≤0.001 0.055

PWD 0.02 ≤0.01 0.055

PBI absent absent 0.015

PT 0.851±0.033 0.845±0.028 0.795±0.033

t (1014 nucl./cm2)

0.7 2.1 1.1

FOM

(PT2·t)

0.5 1.5 0.7

recombination

spin exchange

wall depol.

beam induced

calculated target polarization →

target areal density →

Figure Of Figure Of MerritMerrit

October 3, 2006 E. Steffens – Spin 2006

Conclusions

• Polarized H&D target successfully operated over 10 years in a HE electron storage ring more or less continuesly

• Several problems solved during commissioning phase(s) thanks to many enthousiastic collaborators – impossible to name them all!

• Nature was kind to us (no show-stopper)

• Technology ready to be used for other projects!

www.fz-juelich.de/ikp/pax

The Polarized Internal Target at ANKE:First Results

Kirill Grigoryev

Institut für Kernphysik, Forschungszentrum Jülich

PhD student from Petersburg Nuclear Physic Institute (PNPI),Gatchina, Russia

KyotoOctober 03, 2006

Polarized Internal Gas Target, ANKE

Summer 2003 – Atomic Beam Source is ready for using in experiments

PIT main components:ABS

• H or D• H beam intensity (2 HFS)

7.6 . 1016 atoms/s• Beam size at the IP

σ = 2.85 ± 0.42 mm• Polarization for hydrogen

PZ = 0.89 ± 0.01

PZ =-0.96 ± 0.01

Lamb-Shift PolarimeterTarget chamber with Storage Cell

Setup at the COSY experimental all

End of 2004 – Start of the PIT transportation to the COSY experimental hall

July 2005 – ABS is installed at the ANKE-experiment area at COSY

Future plansongoing – Teflon coating and new cell production

Autumn ’06 – studies of nuclear polarization of molecules from

recombined polarized H and D atoms

use of the ABS in the other project ( ISTC #1861 )

December ’06 – PIT reinstallation with Lamb-shift polarimeter at ANKE

January ’07 – First double polarized experiment: dp → (pp)n→→

see talk D. Chiladze

The Impact of Dissociator Cooling on the Beam Intensity and Velocity

Spread in the SpinLab ABS

M. Stancari, L. Barion, C. Bonomo, M. Capiluppi, M. Contalbrigo,

G. Ciullo, P.F. Dalpiaz, F.Giordano, P. Lenisa, L. Pappalardo and M. Statera

University of Ferrara, Italy and INFN Ferrara

ABS Intensity over timeIs there an emperical limit on the intensity of an ABS, perhaps due to intra beam scattering?

(Novosibirsk, PST01)

Evidently not!(PST 03,SPIN 04)

The RHIC H-jet polarimter dissociator. The RHIC H-jet polarimter dissociator.

SpinLab ABS1 Dissociator Cooling

We observe that:• all temperatures rise with input flow for fixed cooling power but do not change with increased microwave power (600-1000 W)• the beam parameters are not sensitive to variations in the cooling water temperature• the beam parameters are sensitive to variations in the collar temperature

molecules

atoms

Chamber pressures

Nozzle temperature = 115 K

Beam density

Beam Response to Collar Temperature Changes

75 sccm H2 1.5 sccm O2

4 mm nozzle at 115 KInlet Pressure

Spin-filter technique for antiproton beam polarization was originally discussed by E.Steffens at the meeting on polarized antiproton beam polarization organized by O. Chamberline (in A. Krish talk).

Polarized by spin-exchange technique He-3 target at J-laboperates at 15 bar, 50% polarization.Continuous operation.

Progress in Polarized Progress in Polarized 33He He

Ion Source at RCNP Ion Source at RCNP

M. TanakaM. Tanaka

Kobe Tokiwa College, Ohtani-cho 2-6-2, Nagata-ku, Kobe Tokiwa College, Ohtani-cho 2-6-2, Nagata-ku, Kobe 653-0838, JapanKobe 653-0838, Japan

Spin2006

Oct. ６ 2006

Spin-exchange

collisions between

Rb + 3He+ ion

Pseudo MoleculeIncident Outgoing

Principle of SEPIS

Polarized alkali atom

B

3He+ 3He+

3He+ ion source

PolarizedRb cell

Pumping Laser

3H e 2 +3 H e +

Solenoidal coil

0 ~ +1 kV

Focusing lens

-(150 ~ 200) kV

Acceleratingtube

Deceleratingtube

Method II

Ionization by tubular EBIS Ionizer

Method I

Ionization by stripping after acceleration

Basic drawings of practical SEPIS designs

○ 　 Expected　Performance

Tanaka et al: Nucl. Instr. Meth. 2005　　　○ Polarization degree

　　　　　 > 80%

　　　○ Beam intensity

> 4.2 pA

for CW beam on target at RCNP

> 5×1012 particles/pulse

with a tubular EBIS ionizer. This

number is an order of magnitude

larger than that planned at RHIC, BNL

Polarized Proton Solid Targetat high-T and low-B

Tomohiro UesakaCenter for Nuclear Study, Tokyo

T. U

esa

ka,

Cente

r fo

r N

ucl

ear

Stu

dy, U

niv

ers

ity o

f Tokyo

CNS Proton Pol. at low-B and high-T

Idea: use of electron polarization (population difference)in photo-excited triplet state of aromatic molecule

H.W. van Kesteren et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 55 (1985) 1642.

A. Henstra et al., Phys. Lett. A 134 (1988) 134.

T1

Triplet state

(12%)

S0

S1

Singlet state

Laser(76%)

(12%)

population

+1

0

-1

S2

Energy diagram of pentacene molecule

mixing due tospin-orbit int. in molecule

Electron polarization

depends neither on B nor T

T. U

esa

ka,

Cente

r fo

r N

ucl

ear

Stu

dy, U

niv

ers

ity o

f Tokyo

CNS Electron population difference

x

yz B // x : Pmax = 73%B // y : Pmax = 48%B // z : Pmax = 70%

B // x B // y B // z

Crystal alignment is essential for large polarization

0.12

0.12

0.76

0.45

0.39

0.16

0.46

0.46

0.08

Pentacene molecule

Population

T. U

esa

ka,

Cente

r fo

r N

ucl

ear

Stu

dy, U

niv

ers

ity o

f Tokyo

CNS Optical pumping by Ar-ion Laser

System for basic study with Ar-ion laser T. Wakui et al., NIM A 526 (2004) 182 & NIM A 550 (2005) 521.

Proton polarization :36.8± 4.3%(39.3± 4.6%)

05

10152025303540

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Pol

ariz

atio

n(%

)

Time (hours)

Polarization in naphthaleneat 0.3 T, 100K

crystal size 4×4×3mm3

Polarization in p-terphenyl

at 0.3T, room temperature

4.8±1.2%enhancement factor > 5×104

0

2

4

6

0 50 100 150 [%]

偏極度

[ ]時間 分Time [min]Time [hours]

Pol

ariz

atio

n [

%]

Pol

ariz

atio

n [

%]

• Fabrice Gautheron-Performance of the Newly upgradedLarge COMPASS Polarized Target.

• T. Nakajima –Nuclear spin polarization by Ultrafast laser Pulses

• Arnold Honig- Polarized D, He-3-in the Tokamak.

Polarized Sources and Targets PST 2007 Workshop. Polarized Sources and Targets PST 2007 Workshop.

• Date: September 10-14, 2007• Possible place – Port Jefferson, Long Island, NY• Focussed discussions on:• Polarized Ion, Electron and He-3 polarized sources.• Polarized internal targets.• Polarimetry.• Invited speakers. Round – table discussions.• Posters on status and summary talks.• One day –lectures for students and BNL staff at BNL.• Expected number of participants ~80 (~20 students).

Registration fee - $300 (reduced for students).• Publication in AIP Proceedings.