politica en los ultimos 30 años
DESCRIPTION
Politics timeline last 30 yearsTRANSCRIPT
1980
Iran-‐Iraq War
On September 1980 Iraq invaded Iran on 22 , triggering a bitter eight-‐year war which destabilized the region and devastated both countries. The Iran-‐Iraq War was multifaceted and included religious schisms, border disputes, and political differences that left a legacy of pain and a high human costs.
Moscow Summer Olympics boycott.
The 1980 Olympic Games were most notable for the largest boycott of an Olympics in history. Following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979, the United States and 61 other countries decided to boycott the Olympics (France, Great
Britain, Italy, and Sweden did not join the boycott). [p Approximately 5,000 athletes participated, representing 81 countries.
1981
Sandra Day O'Connor became the First female member of the Supreme Court of the United States.
Spain allows legal divorces.
1982
The Equal Rights Amendment dies, three states short of ratification.
The Equal Rights Amendment, first proposed in 1923 to affirm that women and men have equal rights under the law, is still not part of the U.S. Constitution.
1983
Fist women in space.
On June 18, 1983, Sally Ride became the first women to go into space. Sally rode board the Challenger while millions of people all over the world watched her Ride take off for space.
1984
Indira Gandhi is killed. Prime Minister of India, was assassinated on 31 October 1984
1985 Mijalil Gorbachov becomes Soviet leader
Mikhail Gorbachev becomes leader of the Soviet Union initiating a campaign of openness called "glasnost" and restructuring called "perestroika"
UN Third World Conference on Women During the UN Third World Conference on Women, women activists from developing countries detail how neoliberal economic policies exploit and hurt women 1986 World Bank and International Monetary Fund initiate structural adjustment policies in developing countries that promote trade liberalization. 1987 1089 After several weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on 9 November 1989 that all Est Germany citizens could visit West Germany and West Berlin. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the wall, joined by West Germans on the other side in a celebratory atmosphere. The fall of the Berlin Wall
paved the way for German reunification, which was formally concluded on 3 October 1990.
http://www.wnccumw.org/PDF%20&%20Word%20Files/Globalization%20Timeline.pdf Criterios para la integración del género en el urbanismo y la arquitectura. Y si ha sido un proceso conciente. Personas que dependen de usted Concepto de éxito, metas al principio de la carrera y tu visión actual Que ha sacrificado, que se contrapone .
1990 ▪ The Gulf War 1990-‐91 The Persian Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Storm (16 January 1991 – 28 February 1991) commonly referred to as simply the Gulf War, was a war waged by a UN-‐authorized coalition force from 34 nations led by the United States, against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.
▪ Chile goes back to democracy and Patricio Aylwin asumes the presidencial chair.
▪ German reunification Joined the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG/West Germany), and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article
23. The start of this process is commonly referred by Germans as die Wende (The Turning Point). The end of the unification process is officially referred to as German unity (German: Deutsche Einheit), celebrated on 3 October (German Unity Day)
▪ URSS: Abandon of the direction of the Communist Party and the establishment of a parallel presidential system, the national movements are developed (The Baltic countries declare their independency)
▪ One Japanese descendent, Alberto Fujimori, wins the elections in Peru. A controversial figure, Fujimori has been credited with the creation of Fujimorism, uprooting terrorism (Sendero Luminoso) in Peru and restoring its macroeconomic stability.
1991
▪ Asunción Treaty creates MERCOSUR. Was a treaty between the countries of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay signed on March 26, 1991. The objective of the treaty, signed in Asunción, was to establish a common market among the participating countries, popularly called Mercosur (Southern Common Market).
▪ Boris Yeltsin is proclaimed Russia’s president. Originally a supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin emerged under the perestroika reforms as one of Gorbachev's most powerful political opponents. He won 57% of the vote in a six-‐candidate contest and became the second democratically elected leader of Russia in history. Upon the resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev and the final dissolution of the Soviet Union on 25 December 1991, Yeltsin remained in office as the President of the Russian Federation, the USSR's successor state.
▪ In South Africa the Apartheid is abolished. Apartheid was a system of racial segregation enforced through legislation by the National Party governments, who were the ruling party from 1948 to 1994, of South Africa, under which the rights of the majority non-‐white inhabitants of South Africa were curtailed and white supremacy and Afrikaner minority rule was maintained.
▪ Yugoslavia Civil War. In Yugoslavia, the result of 1989 was not the creation of progressive, Western-‐oriented reform regimes but instead the revival of regimes (often led by former Communists) that were old-‐fashioned in the sense that they pursued traditional nationalist agendas, often at the cost of suppressing democratic practices and human rights.
1992 ▪ Maastrich Treaty, the European Nation has born. The Maastricht Treaty (formally, the Treaty on European Union or TEU) was signed on 7 February 1992 by the members of the European Community in Maastricht, Netherlands.[1] On 9–10 December 1991, the same city hosted the European Council which drafted the treaty.
▪ Bosnia-‐Herzegovina War. The main belligerents were the attacking forces of the self-‐proclaimed Bosnian Serb and Bosnian Croat entities within Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska and Herzeg-‐Bosnia, who were led and supplied by Serbia and Croatia respectively, and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1993
▪ Bill Clinton is proclaimed president of United States of America.
▪ The Maastricht Treaty starts. The Maastricht criteria (also known as the convergence criteria) are the criteria for European Union member states to enter the third stage of European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and adopt the euro as their currency. The 4 main criteria are based on Article 121(1) of the European Community Treaty.
1994 ▪ Free commerce between Europe and America starts.
• In Mexico, appears the Zapatista Army of National Liberation.is a revolutionary leftist group based in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico. Since 1994, the group has been in a declared war "against the Mexican state," though this war has been primarily nonviolent and defensive against military, paramilitary, and corporate incursions into Chiapas.[citation needed] Their social base is mostly rural indigenous people but they have some supporters in urban areas as well as an international web of support.
▪ Multiracial democracy in South Africa starts; Nelson Mandela is elected president.
▪ Big financial crisis in Mexico. (The «Tequila effect »).
1995
▪ Austria , Finland and Sweden entered to European Union.
▪ Mercosur starts is an economic and political agreement among Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Founded in 1991 by the Treaty of Asunción, which was later amended and updated by the 1994 Treaty of Ouro Preto. Its purpose is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people, and currency
▪ J. Chirac, is elected president of the French Republic.Chirac's internal policies included lower tax rates, the removal of price controls, strong punishment for crime and terrorism, and business privatisation.[1] He also argued for more socially responsible economic policies, and was elected in 1995 after campaigning on a platform of healing the "social rift" (fracture sociale).
▪ 1996
▪ First elections in Palestine.
▪ Instauration of the Taliban regimen in Afganistan.
▪ First victory of the right in Spain. The Popular Party and Jose Maria Aznar wins the general elections, after 13 years of Socialist Government leaded by Felipe Gonzalez
1997
▪ In the United Kingdom, the workers with Tony Blair go back to the government. It is the end of the conservators era
▪ England gives back Hong Kong to china.
▪ The G7 evolutes to G8 admitting Russia to the group.
▪ Amsterdam Treaty. The Amsterdam Treaty meant a greater emphasis on citizenship and the rights of individuals, an attempt to achieve more democracy in the shape of increased powers for the European Parliament, a new title on employment, a Community area of freedom, security and justice, the beginnings of a common foreign and security policy (CFSP) and the reform of the institutions in the run-‐up to enlargement.
1998
▪ The Pope John Paul II goes to Cuba.
▪ Designation of the countries in the European Union called to participation in the Euro launch in 1999 and the constitution of the European Central Bank.
▪ The Spanish judge Baltasar Garzon convince the british police to stop the Chilean ex dictator Pinochet because the crimes against humanity.
1999
▪ The US senators absolve Bill Clinton of the accusations of prejudice and obstruction to the justice.
▪ Kosovo war; The NATO bombards Yugoslavia; the Serbian repression in Kosovo generate thousands of refugees.
▪ The radical conservator Fernando de la Rua is elected president of Argentina.
▪ War between Russia and Chechnya. The resulting widespread demoralization of federal forces, and the almost universal opposition of the Russian public to the conflict, led Boris Yeltsin's government to declare a ceasefire in 1996 and sign a peace treaty a year later.
▪ Boris Yeltsin demits from being Russian president
2000 ▪ In Spain enters the new Immigration Law.
▪ Firs absolute majority of the Popular Party in Spain.
▪ George W. Bush, is elected president of the United States of America.
Timeline Politics + Economics
2001 March: -‐ Serbia ex-‐president Milosevic was arrested. He was accused of war crimes against
humanity and genocide, allegedly occurred during the war in Yugoslavia, as the prosecution set and some documents and witness statements.
July -‐ Megawati Sukarnoputri has been sworn in as the 5th president after a
parliamentary vote to force out Wahid in Indonesia.
September -‐ Nineteen terrorists from the Islamist militant group Al-‐Qaeda hijacked four
passenger jets and intentionally crashed two planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City.
-‐ Bush says US is at war.
December -‐ Financial and political crisis in Argentina called “Corralito” that was generated by
the restriction on the removal of cash from time deposits, current accounts and savings.
2002 January: -‐ Sign in circulation the Euro single currency in the European Union countries.
April -‐ The Netherlands legalizes euthanasia, becoming the first nation in the world to do
so.
May -‐ American civil rights movement against Ku Klux Klan members.
September -‐ Switzerland joins the United Nations, from observer to full member.
2003 January -‐ The U.S. Census Bureau says Hispanics have surged past blacks to become the
nation's largest minority group.
February -‐ More than 10 millions of protesters demonstrate worldwide against a possible
U.S. attack on Iraq.
-‐ The U.S. Supreme Court lifts a ban on protests that interfere with abortion clinic business.
March: -‐ President Bush warns Saddam Hussein that he has 48 hours to flee Iraq. The U.S.-‐
led invasion begins two days later.
June
-‐ The Supreme Court overturns a Texas law banning gay sex, a landmark ruling for gay rights activists that reverses an unpopular decision the court made 17 years earlier.
-‐ The U.S. unemployment rate hits a 9-‐year high of 6.1 percent. October -‐ The French government supports school officials who have expelled two sisters
for refusing to remove traditional Islamic head scarves in class.
December: -‐ Saddam Hussein is captured hiding in the basement of a farmhouse near his
hometown of Tikrit.
2004 January -‐ Condoleezza Rice becomes the first female national security adviser to a US
president.
April: -‐ The Bush administration agrees to a UN proposal to replace the Iraqi Governing
Council with a caretaker government. 2005 January -‐ Condoleezza Rice becomes the 66 Secretary of State of the United States.
November -‐ Ellen Johnson-‐Sirleaf becomes the world's first black female president, and
Africa's first elected female leader when she won the Liberian elections.
2006 March -‐ Michele Bachelet is elected as the first female President of Chile.
November -‐ Angela Merkel, leader of the Christian Democratic Union becomes Germany's first
woman chancellor.
2007 April -‐ The Gender Equality Duty comes into force, which places a legal obligation on
public authorities to eliminate unlawful gender discrimination and promote equality of opportunity between women and men.
July -‐ Pratibha Patil is the first female president for India.
December -‐ Cristina Fernández is Argentina's first elected female president.
2008 -‐ Norway enforces gender legislation that requires all companies to have at least
40% women on their boards.
April -‐ Prime Minister Zapatero unveils new cabinet, which for the first time includes
more women than men.
July -‐ Ingrid Betancourt, a Colombian-‐French human rights and women's rights activist
and Green party candidate for the Colombian presidency, is released after six years of captivity by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia.
September -‐ Quentin Bryce is appointed Australia's Governor-‐General, the first woman to hold
this post.
2009 -‐ Elinor Ostrom became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize in Economics, sharing
the 2009 Nobel with Oliver E. Williamson.
January -‐ Spanish economy enters recession for first time since 1993.
-‐ Barack Obama is sworn in as the 44th President of the United States, becoming
the nation's first African American president.
March -‐ Unemployment soars to 17.4% in Spain, with over 4 million people jobless.
2010 July -‐ Woman won't be stoned to death in Iran.
September -‐ French senate approves burqa ban The senate approved a law banning any veils
that cover the face, including the burqa, the full-‐body covering worn by some Muslim women.
2011 -‐ President of Liberia, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, won the Nobel Peace Prize.
January -‐ Brazil inaugurates first female president Dilma Rousseff.
-‐ Revolution of Egypt which resulted in the fall and collapse of Mubarak's regime
and his power.
February -‐ Women stage anti-‐Berlusconi rallies in Italy.
-‐ The UN General Assembly has voted in favor of a resolution condemning human
rights violations in Syria and calling for an end to the violence.
July -‐ Pheu Thai is elected the first female president in Thailand.
September
-‐ Women will be allowed to vote in Arabia Saudi
Nobel Prize Winners The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 Ada E. Yonath (Israel)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 Elizabeth H. Blackburn (Australia)
2009 Carol W. Greider (USA)
2008 Françoise Barré-‐Sinoussi (France)
2004 Linda B. Buck (USA)
1995 Christiane Nüsslein-‐Volhard (Germany)
1988 Gertrude B. Elion (USA)
1986 Rita Levi-‐Montalcini (Italy)
1983 Barbara McClintock (USA)
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2009 Herta Müller (Romania)
2007 Doris Lessing (Iran)
2004 Elfriede Jelinek (Austria)
1996 Wislawa Szymborska (Poland)
1993 Toni Morrison (USA)
1991 Nadine Gordimer (South Africa)
The Nobel Peace Prize 2011 Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (Liberia)
2011 Leymah Gbowee (Liberia)
2011 Tawakkol Karman (Yemen)
2004 Wangari Maathai (Kenya)
2003 Shirin Ebadi (Iran)
1997 Jody Williams (USA)
1992 Rigoberta Menchú Tum (Guatemala)
1991 Aung San Suu Kyi (Myanmar)
1982 Alva Myrdal (Sweden)
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2009 Elinor Ostrom (USA)
Links http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000s_(decade) http://www.fsmitha.com/time/2002.htm http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/women.html http://www.mapreport.com/years/2010/p.html http://www.mapreport.com/subtopics/p/8.html#2001 http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/timeline/2000.shtml
