What have been the recent changes?Why does it matter?

Forecast to reach 7 billion in 2011

World Population=6.9 billion people Some places densely populated (lots of people)Some places are sparsely populated (not many)

Densely populated places:Good physical conditions (e.g flat land), reasonable climate, food, water, employment, leisure, housing.

Densely populated places:Good physical conditions (e.g flat land), reasonable climate, food, water, employment, leisure, housing.

Sparsely populated places:Poor physical conditions (e.g high steep mountains/desert), harsh climate, lack of food & water supplies, poor employment, poor leisure, poor housing.

Sparsely populated places:Poor physical conditions (e.g high steep mountains/desert), harsh climate, lack of food & water supplies, poor employment, poor leisure, poor housing.

This map shows the size of the country in proportion to how many people live there.

E.g. The USA now becomes very narrow as it is a very sparsely populated country and the UK becomes very wide as it is very densely populated.

More births than deaths

More deaths than births

People move from one place to another

More out migration = decrease

More inward migration = increase

Choice: However, in most cases people migrate out of choice to improve their standard of living.

A migrant who moves to find a better job is classified as an economic migrant.

Forced Migrants: conflicts and natural disasters may force people to move, in which case the migrants may be described as refugees.

FACTS…

• Country: Nigeria• LEDC

• 2nd highest populated city in Africa

• Fastest growing city in Africa

• 7th Fastest growing city in the World

FACTS…

• Country: Nigeria• LEDC

• 2nd highest populated city in Africa

• Fastest growing city in Africa

• 7th Fastest growing city in the World

Timeline

1950 = 300,000

2004 = 13,000,000

2015 = 23,000,000

= 10,000 per week!!

Timeline

1950 = 300,000

2004 = 13,000,000

2015 = 23,000,000

= 10,000 per week!!

Urbanisation: people moving to urban areas from rural areas.Urbanisation: people moving to urban areas from rural areas.

Why? Why?

This is happening at increasingly high rates in LEDC’s

Push & Pull factors: standard of living, employment, education, resources.

World urban population: estimated to reach 60% by 2030

Problems:

• Not enough housing

• Not enough jobs

• Poor sanitation

• Crime rates increase

• Shanty housing built

• Congestion increases

• Pollution increases

Problems:

• Not enough housing

• Not enough jobs

• Poor sanitation

• Crime rates increase

• Shanty housing built

• Congestion increases

• Pollution increases

Problems:

• Not enough housing

• Not enough jobs

• Poor sanitation

• Crime rates increase

• Shanty housing built

• Congestion increases

• Pollution increases

Problems:

• Not enough housing

• Not enough jobs

• Poor sanitation

• Crime rates increase

• Shanty housing built

• Congestion increases

• Pollution increases

Gauteng

Limpopo

Gauteng

South Africa’s most urban province and contains three major cities of more than one million people: Johanesburg, Pretoria and Soweto.

7,175 Rand a month

20%

500,000

320,000

Gauteng

South Africa’s most urban province and contains three major cities of more than one million people: Johanesburg, Pretoria and Soweto.

7,175 Rand a month

20%

500,000

320,000

Limpopo

Has only 90,000 people and more than 90% of the population lives in rural areas.

less than 1,000 Rand a month

60%

840,000

120,000

Limpopo

Has only 90,000 people and more than 90% of the population lives in rural areas.

less than 1,000 Rand a month

60%

840,000

120,000

Household earning:

Population:

% pop in poverty:

No schooling:

Complete primary:

Economic• Low paid jobs• Limited job opportunities – rely on farming and tourism (seasonal and weather reliant, poor machinery)

Education• poor

Quality of life• poor – lack of healthcare, limited electricity

Economic• High paid jobs• Many job opportunities

Education• better – more students complete education, less people have no education

Quality of life• good – good healthcare, electricity for home accessories• more money = more disposable income – leisure/entertainment

When thinking of push and pull factors group them like this: social/economic/environmental

1. Read pages in you book – highlight disadvantages in red highlight advantages in green

2. Make a quick summary of these under the headings: Social and Economic

3. Under the map in your book, define circular migration

4. Compare the map to figure 8 on the previous page

5. Explain why circular migration is likely to be more beneficial to rural areas than permanent migration.

1. Read pages in you book – highlight disadvantages in red highlight advantages in green

2. Make a quick summary of these under the headings: Social and Economic

3. Under the map in your book, define circular migration

4. Compare the map to figure 8 on the previous page

5. Explain why circular migration is likely to be more beneficial to rural areas than permanent migration.

Reasons: (remember push/pull)• cities are stressful places,

there is lots of busy traffic, a lack of open space etc.

• People are drawn to the country side as it is safer, more peaceful, less stressful etc.

Countryside = Rural

Factors encouraging it:

Accessibility• 1960’s cars first became popular and

motorways have expanded• Technology advancements and rising car

ownership has allowed people to commute from a home in the country to a job in the city.

Communications• Phones, Internet, Mobiles make it possible

to work from home using computers and only commute to offices for meetings. This is known as tele-working.

Urban - Rural MigrationCounter UrbanisationCounter Urbanisation

Case study: RhooseRhoose is approximately 5.6 miles from the Centre of Barry.

Rhoose has the following:– Primary School– Church– Community Hall– Spar– Take Away– Train Station

Rhoose has the following:– Primary School– Church– Community Hall– Spar– Take Away– Train Station

As Rhoose is not far form the edge of Barry, it is easy for residents to commute to and from, and use its facilities. There is a large Tesco's on the edge of Barry which is very accessible for local residents.

Rhoose is very close to some large sources of employment.

1) Cardiff Airport2) RWE Nuclear Power Station3) St Athans RAF Base

Rhoose is very close to some large sources of employment.

1) Cardiff Airport2) RWE Nuclear Power Station3) St Athans RAF Base

Discuss what are the advantages and disadvantages of living at Rhoose and commuting to work?

Discuss what are the advantages and disadvantages of living at Rhoose and commuting to work?

2. Governmental policies

10. Social Beliefs

14. Religious Beliefs 15. Abortion Rates

6. Poverty/Economic prosperity 8. Literacy

3. Infant mortality rate

13. Conflict 11. Urbanization

16. Age of country's population

5. Nutrition levels

7. Standards of diet and housing

1. Access to clean drinking water

12. Hygiene levels

9. Levels of infectious diseases

17. levels of violent crime

4. Amount and quality of health care available

What are the factors that influence birth and death rates?

Which are: social/economic/environmental?

Social

•Social Beliefs - This is usually heavily intertwined with religious beliefs since the predominant religion in the region affects society. Birth statistics can become skewed where there is gender/sex preference. For example, in certain countries female children are deemed worthless so that killing female infants before their births are even declared is common enough to affect birth statistics.

•Religious Beliefs - Countries wherein the predominant religious belief is against contraception can be expected to have higher birth rates.

•Abortion Rates - Abortion rates are affected by the other factors that affect birth rate.

•Literacy (with special emphasis on female literacy)•Infant mortality rate - Countries with higher infant mortality rates generally have higher birth rates since families make it a point to have more children since the children are more likely to die.

•Age of country's population

•Nutrition levels

•Standards of diet and housing

•Hygiene levels

•Levels of infectious diseases

•Social factors such as conflicts and levels of violent crime

•Amount and quality of health care available•Urbanization.

What are the factors that influence birth and death rates?

Economic

• Poverty - The ironic thing with this factor is that even though those that are more prosperous can afford to have more children they are usually the ones that have less, while poor families often have more children.

• Country cannot afford to supply access to clean drinking water

Political

• Governmental policies(whether the government is pro-

nationalist or anti- nationalist) - Countries like Japan and Thailand have nationalist governments giving their citizens special

incentives for bearing more children. China’s one-child only policy is the perfect example of anti-nationalism.

• Conflict War, security, safety.

What are the factors that influence birth and death rates?