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TRANSCRIPT
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KGiSL Institute ofTechnology
Basic Mechanical Engineering V.S
SYLLABI
Introduction, Classification of Power Plants
Working principle of steam, Gas, Diesel,Hydro-electric and Nuclear Power plants
Merits and Demerits.
Pumps and turbines working principle ofReciprocating pumps (single acting and double
acting) Centrifugal Pump.
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POWER PLANT
A power station (also referred to as a
generating station, power plant, or
powerhouse) is an industrial facility for the
generation ofelectric power.
Power plantis also used to refer to the
engine in ships, aircraft and other large
vehicles.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation -
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CLASSIFIACTION OF POWER PLANT
Steam or thermal power plant.
Hydroelectric power plant.
Nuclear power plant.
Diesel power plant.
Gas turbine power plant.
Solar power plant.
Wind power plant.
Tidal power plant.
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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
Principle: water is used as working fluid.
Potential energy of water stored at higher level is
converted into mechanical energy which is used forpower generation.
Water is allowed to flow under pressure from dam
which is used to run the turbine & electric power is
generated.
Potential energy Mechanical Energy Electrical
Energy
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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT CONT.
Device Energy conversion
Dam Water potential energy.
Turbine Potential energy Mechanical
Energy.
Generator Mech.energy Electrical energy.
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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT CONT.
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Advantages- Hydro electric power plant:
Waterthe working fluid is a natural &
renewable energy source available in plenty.
Life of the plant is very long.
Running cost of plant is low.
Maintenance & operation cost is low.
No ash disposal problem.
Less supervising staff.
No fuel transportation problem.
In addition to power generation these plants
are useful for irrigation and flood control.
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Disadvantages- Hydro electric power plant:
Initial cost is more high & more timerequired for erection.
Power generation depends on quantity of
water available . Transmission losses are more high & cost
is high.
Plants are situated away from loadcenters it requires long transmission
lines.
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NUCLEAR FISSION
Process by which the atoms nuclei becomefragmented (e.g., in a nuclear reactor);
neutrons are released and energy is
produced in the form of heat.
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NUCLEAR FISSION & FUSION
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NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
Principle:
Uranium- used as a nuclear fuel.
Principle involved is nuclear fission.
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ADVANTAGES - NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
It needs less space.
Fuel consumption is very small & hence
transportation ,handling and storages
charges
are low.
Well suited for large power demands.
Operation of the plant is more reliable.
Less workmen is required.
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DISADVANTAGES - NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
Capital cost is high.Radioactive wastes, if not disposed carefully
have adverse effects on environments.
Not suitable for varying load conditions.Maintenance cost is high.
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NUCLEAR POWER STATION IN INDIA
Tarapur nuclear power station- 200 MW cap.
Kalpakkam nuclear power station.
235 MW 2 FBR
Narora nuclear power station
235 MW- CANDU
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Steam power plant
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OBSERVATION
The force of the steam rotates the blades,
and it acts like a simple turbine.
This rotational energy produces a small
current in the dynamo and lights the bulb.
Inference
Mechanical energy is converted into
electrical energy.
This is the principle used in the Thermal
Power Plant
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STEAM POWER PLANT
steam is used as the working fluid.
Heat energy is converted into mech.energy
which is used for power generation.
Heat energy Mech.energy
electrical enrg.
Steam is produced in the boiler & is used to
drive the steam turbine which is coupled witha generator.
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Device Energy conversuion
Boiler Fuel Heat energy
Turbine Heat ene. Mech.energy
Generator Mech.energy electrical energy.
Steam power plant cont..
Boiler
Turbine
Coupling
Generators
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STEAM POWER PLANT CONT.. Circuits of steam power plant:
I) coal & ash circuit.
ii)Air & flue gas circuit.
iii)feed water & steam circuit.
Iv) cooling water circuit.
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COAL & ASH CIRCUIT
ASH
STORAGEASH
HANDLING BOILER
COAL
HANDLING
COAL
STORAGE
Coal is used as the fuel & burnt in the boiler for generation ofsteam.
Ash produced due to the combustion of coal is removed to
the ash storage.
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AIR & FLUE GAS CIRCUIT
Air is taken from atmosphere thro fans.Air is heated by the heat of flue gases which
is passing to chimney.
hot air is supplied to the boiler.
chimneyHot
Air
BoilerDust
collector
economis
er
Draught
fanAir
preheaterAir from atmos.
Hot flue gas
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FEED WATER AND STEAM CIRCUIT
The steam generated in the boiler passesthrough the super heater and is supplied to
the turbine.
The superheated steam expands over the
turbine blades and it drives the turbine shaftwhich is coupled to the electrical generator.
The expanded steam then passes to the
condenser where it is condensed.
The condensate (water) leaving the
condenser is passing through the
economizer where it is further heated by
means of flue gases and fed into the boiler.
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ADVANTAGESSTEAM POWER PLANT
Initial cost is low compared to hydelplant.
Generation of power is continuous.
Less space is required.
It can respond to rapidly changing load.
It can be located near the load centre,hence transmission cost & losses are
reduced.
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Basic Mechanical Engineering V.S
DISADVANTAGESSTEAM POWER PLANT
Transportation & handling of fuel is
major difficulty.
Long time required for erection.Maintenance & operation cost are
high.
Efficiency of the plant is less.
Power generation cost is high
compared to hydel power plants.
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STEAM POWER PLANT -- INDIA
Ramagundam Thermal Plant in Andhra
Pradesh,
Raichur Thermal Plant in Karnataka, Korba Thermal Plant in Madhya
Pradesh,
Farraka Thermal Plant in West Bengalare a few of the thermal power plants
located in India.
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GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT
Principle: Natural gas is used as fuel in the gas turbine
power plant.
Air is compressed to a high pr. & heated bymeans of the flue gases. natural gas burns in
the steam of hot air 7 the gases coming out are
used to run the turbine.
Pressure
energy
Heat
energy
Mechanica
l
energy
Electrical
energy
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LAY OUT OF GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT
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GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT
Device Energy conversion
Compressor Air pressure energy.
Combustion chamber Pr.energ y Heat energy( air+fuel)
Turbine Heat energy Mechanical energy
Generator Mechanical energy Electrical
energy
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WORKING OF GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT Air from atmos.is drawn into LPC & is compressed.
Air is passed thro the intercooler after comp. becasuseit is hot.
Intercooler is used reduce the work of the compressor
& increase the efficiency.
Air from intercooler enters the HPC where it is furthercompressed to a high pr.
Hot air enters from the regenerator & fuel is injected
into the combustion chamber.
The fuel may be natural gas or gasoline. HPT: the turbine shaft drives the compressor shaft
which is coupled to it.
About 66% of power developed by the turbine is used to
run the compressor & 34% is used to generate electricower.
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ADVANTAGES - GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT
Natural gas is easily available & cheap. Gas turbine power plant is smaller in size & less
wt compared to steam power plant.
Initial cost is low. Less maintenance cost.
Simple in construction.
It can be started quickly & can be put on load
very short time.
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Basic Mechanical Engineering V.S
DISADVANTAGES - GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT
Major part of the power developed bytheturbine is used to drive the compr. & hence it
has low efficiency.
Special cooling methods are required. Poor part load efficiency.
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APPLICATIONS - GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT
Used in aircraft & ships.
Used as a stand by unit.
Used in thermal process & petrochemical
industries.
Used to supply peak load in steam or hydro
power plant.
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DIESEL POWER PLANT
Diesel pp depends upon the diesel engine.
Capacity ranges from : 2 -50 MW.
It can be used as stand-by- plants to hydro
electric & steam PP for emergency service.
It can be used as peak load plant in
combination with thermal or hydro plant.
It can be used in transport sys. Like
automobile , railways, aero planes,
ships,etc.
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COMPONENTS OF DIESEL POWER PLANT
Diesel engine.
Engine starting system.
Fuel system.
Air filter system.
Exhaust system.
Engine cooling system. Engine lubricating system.
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INTRODUCTION:
A DIESEL POWER STATION(ALSO KNOWN AS STAND-BY
POWER STATION) USES A DIESEL ENGINE AS PRIMEMOVER FOR THE GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
THIS POWER STATION IS GENERALLY COMPACT AND
THUS CAN BE LOCATED WHERE IT IS ACTUALLYREQUIRED.
THIS KIND OF POWER STATION CAN BE USED TO
PRODUCE LIMITED AMOUNTS OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
IN MOST COUNTRIES THESE POWER STATIONS ARE
USED AS EMERGENCY SUPPLYSTATIONS.
KGiSL I tit t f
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Multi cylinder turbo
charged diesel engine
Service tank
pump
Fuel storage
tank
Air
compressor
Compress
ed
air
Generator
Oil
cooler
pumpSpray
tankpump
Lay out of Diesel power plant
Hot oil Cold oil
Hot water
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OPERATIONTHE DIESEL BURNS INSIDE THE ENGINE AND THE
COMBUSTION PROCESS CAUSES ROTATIONALMECHANICAL ENERGY THAT TURNS THE ENGINE SHAFT
AND DRIVES THE ALTERNATOR.
THE ALTERNATOR INTURN, CONVERTS MECHANICAL
ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY.
THIS TYPE OF ELECTRICITY GENERATING POWER
STATION WILL PROBABLY BE USED A LONG TIME INTO
THE FUTURE, DUE TO A NEED FOR RELIABLE STAND-BY
ELECTRICAL SOURCE FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS.
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ADVANTAGES DIESEL POWER PLANT
Simple design & layout of plant.
Occupies less space & is compact.
Can be started quickly and picks up load in a
short time.
Requires less water for cooling.
Thermal efficiency better that ofSteam
Power plant of same size. Overall cost is cheaper than that ofSteam
Power plant of same size
KGiSL Institute of
http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Powerhttp://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Powerhttp://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Powerhttp://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Powerhttp://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Powerhttp://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Powerhttp://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Powerhttp://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Power -
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DISADVANTAGES DIESEL POWER PLANT
High running charges due to costly price of
Diesel.
Plant does not work efficiently under
prolonged overload conditions.
Cost oflubrication very high.
Maintenance charges are generally high.
Life of the plant is low compared to thermal
or steam power plant.
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DIESEL POWER PLANT- TAMILNADU1.Kerala State Electricity Board, Kerala.
100 MW Diesel Cycle Power Plant at Brahmapuram,Kerala.
2. DCW Ltd., Sahupuram.
30 MW Diesel Cycle Power Plant at Sahupuram, Tamil
Nadu.3. Rolls - Royce Power Ventures Limited. U.K.
10 MW Gas Cycle Power Plant in Bangaladesh.
4. Sanmar Chemplast Ltd., Chennai.
10 MW Diesel Cycle Power Plant at Mettur, Tamil Nadu.5. Samalpatti Power Company Ltd., Coimbatore.
106 MW DG Cycle Power Plant at Pochampalli, Tamil
Nadu.
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6 x 20 MW DG power plant for Karnataka
Electricity Board, Yelahanka, near Bangalore,
which is the biggest Diesel based power plantin Asia.
5 x 20 MW diesel power plant of Kerala State
Electricity Board, Brahmapuram, near Kochi,Kerala.
3 x 10 MW DG power plant of Ferro Alloys
Corporation, Garividi, near Visakhapatnam, A.P.
6 x 6.5 MW diesel power plant for MangaloreChemicals & Fertilisers Ltd, Mangalore.
3 x 3 MW captive diesel power plant for